EP1799927B1 - Insulating element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an insulating element comprising a molded body, produced from mineral fibers, preferably rock wool, in the form of a sheet or web including two large surfaces that are spaced apart in parallel and interlinked via lateral surfaces. Said lateral surfaces are aligned at a right angle in relation to each other. The mineral fibers extend substantially at a right angle to the large surfaces and therefore substantially in parallel to the lateral surfaces so that the compressive strength of the molded body in the direction of the normal to the surface of the large surfaces is higher than the compressive strength of the molded body in the direction of the normal to the surface of the lateral surfaces. The aim of the invention is to improve an insulating element of the aforementioned type so as to avoid the disadvantages described in the prior art and to provide an insulating element that can be simply assembled with adjacent insulating elements in a flush manner and that is tight and dimensionally stable especially in case of fire. For this purpose, molded elements (6) are arranged on at least one lateral surface (4), especially on two opposite lateral surfaces (4). Said molded elements (6) have a compressive strength in the direction of the normal to the surface of the large surfaces (3) that is lower than the compressive strength of the molded elements (6) in the direction of the normal to the surface of the lateral surfaces (4) on which the molded elements (6) are arranged.

Description

The invention relates to an insulating element with a shaped body of mineral fibers, preferably rock wool, in the form of a plate or a web, with two large surfaces, which are arranged at a distance and parallel to each other and connected to each other via side surfaces, wherein the side surfaces are aligned at right angles to each other and the mineral fibers have a course substantially perpendicular to the large surfaces and thus substantially parallel to the side surfaces, so that the pressure resistance of the shaped body in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces is greater than the compressive strength of the shaped body in the direction of the surface normal of the side surfaces, wherein at least one molding is arranged on at least one side surface, in particular on two oppositely arranged side surfaces.

Insulating elements are made for example of mineral fibers. The artificially produced glassy solidified mineral fibers have an average diameter of about 6 to 8 microns and are arranged in a very loose three-dimensional aggregate and partially bonded with predominantly organic binders.

As organic binders, thermosetting phenolic, formaldehyde and / or urea resins are often used. Occasionally, some of these resins are also substituted by polysaccharides. The resins contain small amounts of substances liable to adhesion such as silanes. In addition, film-forming thermoplastic binders are used occasionally for the binding of flexible insulating elements.

The proportions of organic binders in the insulating elements are low and are far from sufficient to point-wise connect all mineral fibers ideally. In order to obtain the property of non-combustibility of the insulating elements and their elastic-feathery character and at the same time limit the production costs, not more than about 12% by mass of the dry substance of the binder are generally used. For insulation elements from rock wool, which are produced for example by means of cascade spinning machines, contain the insulating elements usually not more than about 2 to about 4.5% by mass of dry matter of the binder.

In general, it is necessary for insulating elements made of mineral fibers that they are designed to be primarily water repellent. This property, as well as the improved binding of the finest mineral fibers, that is a dust bond achieved by, for example, substances such as high-boiling mineral oils, oil-in-water emulsions, waxes, silicone oils and resins are added to the binders. These substances are referred to collectively as additives or as lubricants. For example, in the production of insulating elements made of mineral fibers, in particular rock wool, a proportion of 0.1 to about 0.4 mass% of mineral oil is used in the binder. These mineral oils or additives or lubricants are distributed much more uniformly in the insulating elements, as the binder, which form films on the mineral fibers, which have a material thickness of a few nanometers.

The binders are opaque to opaque as a compact body and are present in the insulating elements made of mineral fibers in relatively high dispersion as droplets or in film sections. In this dispersion, the binders are translucent, so that they are permeable to UVA and UVB radiation. These radiation components, together with IR radiation, have a negative effect on the plastics in the binders, which thereby become brittle and, at the same time, discolor, for example, brownish. Since the radiation is effective up to the interfaces between the plastics of the binder and the surfaces of the mineral fibers, the adhesion and thus the strength of the mineral fiber insulating elements is reduced by the action of sunlight.

Furthermore, the mineral oils used lose their effectiveness under the action of these radiations. With regard to mineral oils, the alternative is the use of more resistant to oxidation silicone oils and resins. silicone oils and resins are not used because of the risk of contamination in the area of adjacent components.

Due to the degradation of the binder, the insulating elements of mineral fibers lose their strength and absorb water. At the same time, their appearance naturally changes, which is often rated at least as a visual defect. Although these weathering effects are limited to the respective surface layers of the insulating elements made of mineral fibers and the immediately underlying zones, yet this can be done by a continuous release of mineral fibers, which affects the environment.

Mineral fiber insulation elements are glued with their large surfaces with profiled sheets and form sandwich elements. The profiling of the sheets can be designed differently, wherein a sandwich element consists of a middle layer of insulating elements made of mineral fibers and two outer profiled sheets. From such sandwich elements both building walls and roofs for buildings are made. The outer panels in the building are usually formed in these sandwich elements with a stronger profiling or pronounced beads. For example, such sandwich elements are known whose outer sheet metal is formed wavy in the building. The internal panels in the building usually have only embossing and / or flat beads, which give these sheets a panel-like structure.

As between the sheets arranged insulating elements are those made of a non-combustible mineral wool with a melting point> 1000 ° C according to DIN 4101, Part 17 are used, which usually bulk densities of more than 100 kg / m ³ and in which the fibers predominantly in one steep storage and / or are arranged at right angles to the large surfaces of the insulating element. The preparation of such insulating elements is for example in the US-A-5,981,024 described. The previously known from this document insulation elements have a web-like arrangement. The above-described orientation of the mineral fibers perpendicular to the large surfaces or in a steep storage for this purpose serves primarily to increase the transverse tensile strength of the insulating elements at right angles to the large surfaces. By the web-like arrangement, the rigidity is increased parallel to the orientation of the web-like arrangement.

In the temperature range mentioned, there is recrystallization of the insulating fibers, associated with shrinkage processes. The size of the shrinkage depends inter alia on the shape and arrangement of the mineral fibers, the packing density and / or the bulk density. In flat superimposed mineral fibers are the horizontal shrinkages, ie in the direction of the mineral fibers significantly lower than in a direction perpendicular thereto.

For the production of sandwich elements so-called mineral wool lamella plates or mineral wool lamellae are often used. These in turn are separated slice by slice in the desired thickness of insulation boards, which have previously been obtained from a multi-folded mineral fiber web. By far the most commonly used process technology for producing these mineral wool lamellae plates, a thin, impregnated with not yet consolidated binders and additives, humid primary mineral fiber web by means of a pendulum moving conveyor placed transversely on a second slow-speed conveyor. The individual layers of the mineral fiber web are stacked slightly stacked until reaching a desired level of a secondary mineral fiber web. The primary mineral fiber web is characterized by flake-like agglomerations, in which the mineral fibers are preferably aligned parallel to the flow direction of the transport air in the collecting chambers and in which the mineral fibers are obviously more strongly impregnated with binders and water. On this primary mineral fiber web are the less or unbound mineral fibers or flakes, which have a different trajectory. In the direct collection of mineral fibers they are stored without further intermediate steps on a, matched to the performance of the fiberizing conveyor at the desired height. The mineral fibers store here easily over and next to each other. A pronounced alignment in the horizontal planes usually does not happen. Again, there are different mineral fibers or flakes impregnated with binders.

The collected to maximum heights mineral fiber webs are then vertically compressed by obliquely arranged conveyors vertically to transmit shear forces from the outside and to induce a horizontally directed compression by delaying the conveying speed can. Due to the superimposed upsetting movements, there is an intense unfolding of the mineral fibers. Here, the core areas of the original primary mineral fiber web can be seen as narrow band-like structures between which mineral fibers are in rolled, but at least lesser density. These band-like densities extend in a seemingly horizontal position across the folded mineral fiber web. After solidification of the mostly used thermosetting resin mixtures with the aid of hot air, the unfolded structure is fixed. At the crude density range in question of about 90 to about 160 kg / m ³ is currently the maximum thickness of insulation boards that can be produced in this way, about 200 mm.

In longitudinal section, the band-like structures are arranged at right angles to separating surfaces of adjacent layers of the mineral fiber web, while the mineral fibers in these structures are oriented flat or at shallow angles thereto. Between the band-like structures, mineral fibers are in a loose bandage, reducing the shear strength in the horizontal direction. As part of sandwich elements, the mineral wool slats are either joined together to form large mineral wool lamella plates or successively glued to a carrier layer.

The insulating elements are produced with smooth surfaces or with surface contours formed largely according to a profiling of the sheets. Between the insulating elements and the sheets, an adhesive layer, preferably made of a polyurethane adhesive, with which the insulating elements and the treated with anti-corrosion layers sheets are sufficiently coated, so that the adhesive layer, inter alia Fill almost completely by dimensional tolerances caused cavities between the insulating elements and the sheets. Finally, the bonding of the insulating elements with the sheets leads to solid tough plastic connections. In order to fulfill the two aforementioned tasks of the adhesive layer, these adhesive layers are applied with a material thickness between 0.5 and 5 mm on the insulating elements or the sheets, wherein in the region of the vertices of curvatures of the sheets greater thicknesses of the adhesive layer are applied.

The sheets form metallic cover layers, which are reinforced or corrugated to increase their moments of resistance in the longitudinal direction by profiling and mostly complemented by flatter beads. The outer layers in the building are more profiled, among other things because of the weather protection, the drainage as well as architectural reasons than the inside of the building cover layers, which usually get flat contouring and corresponding beads and thus give a panel-like appearance.

The cover layers have edges that are shaped so that adjacently arranged sandwich elements intermesh positively and cause a sufficient adhesion after attachment of the sandwich elements with the supporting structural elements or layers. For example, in the case of roof elements, the connections are usually outside the water-bearing levels or are additionally secured by sealing strips.

The side surfaces of the insulating elements are usually profiled on both sides. Are known tongue and groove joints, which are supplemented by a plurality of symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged over the median plane folds and thus give the compounds additionally the characteristic of a labyrinth seal. The profilings have tight dimensional tolerances, so that only very narrow joints between the insulating elements are formed. This should prevent convection currents over the joints and the entry of moisture into the insulation or at least significantly reduced. In the same In the same sense, the thermal bridge effect of the joints is reduced. The production of the profiles of the insulating elements is a complex process.

Vapor-retarding coatings or impregnations may reduce or eliminate the negative effects of joint designs. The profiles can be due to the predominant arrangement of mineral fibers at right angles to the large surfaces of the insulating elements and the stratification of the individual mineral fiber layers collapse in parallel easily. The disadvantage is that regularly present binder-free or poor areas of the insulating elements weaken the strength of the profiles and easily deform, so that they already damaged during the production, but especially during storage, transport or assembly of the sandwich elements or even sheared off completely become. Changing outside temperatures or solar radiation also lead to strong expansions of the outer layers. The insulating elements made of mineral fibers are not subject to thermally induced changes in shape in this temperature range. In a fire attack, the outer layers gape very quickly, so that the insulating elements are directly exposed to the direct action of hot combustion gases and the associated radiation. For roof elements and in the upper part of wall elements of buildings is still a thermally induced buoyancy added, which presses the combustion gases in the insulation elements. Particularly in the case of filigree profilings, shrinkage can also occur in deeper joint areas, which preferably occur at right angles to the orientation of the mineral fibers and can thereby expand the joints. With each expansion of the joint areas, the effect of the fire attack increases until the seal of the joint areas fails.

The advantage of these sandwich elements compared to components of mutually spaced sheet metal shells and arranged between the metal shells Ortschaum polyurethane or polyisocyanurate is still in particular that the fire load of the sandwich elements with the disposed between the metal shells insulating elements made of mineral fibers significantly reduced and the fire resistance of such components considerably is increased. Thus, such sandwich elements can be used not only as building components for walls and roofs, but also as fire protection panels.

The insulating elements made of mineral fibers have two large surfaces, which have already been described above to be glued to the sheets. In addition, the insulating elements of mineral fibers on four side surfaces, which are generally aligned at right angles to each other and connect at right angles to the surfaces and connect these spaced-apart surfaces together. At least one side surface, but in particular two oppositely disposed side surfaces have a profiling, as for example in the DE-A-41 33 416 is shown as a tongue or groove. This profiling allows a joint-tight collision of adjacent insulation elements made of mineral fibers, wherein thermal bridges are substantially avoided by discontinuities between adjacent insulating elements made of mineral fibers.

These profiles, in particular the longitudinal side surfaces and a matching shape of the sheets, it is possible to connect the individual with minimum thicknesses of the order of 75 mm and about 600 mm and widths to about 1200 mm formed sandwich elements form fit with each other. In this case, the most pronounced profiling has proven to be advantageous so that the joints between adjacent sandwich elements remain closed in the event of fire despite the inevitable distortions of the metallic sheets. Preferably, a spring is formed on a longitudinal side of the insulating element and a groove is formed on the opposite, parallel side surface, wherein the spring completely fills the groove. In addition, strip-like formations may be provided which further improve the sealing of the above-described joints of adjacent insulating elements.

The sandwich elements described above are connected after their installation in the wall or ceiling area with a support structure. For this are fasteners, such as screws used with which the sandwich elements anchored to the support structure and the cover plates are positively connected to each other.

Due to the design of the edge regions of the sheets longitudinal joints are covered so that they are not exposed to the weather. However, the side surfaces of the sandwich elements remain open, and it is common in the field of the design of a roof of such sandwich elements to cover these side surfaces by upper and lower ridge plates to the outside and the interior. Along eaves, the side surfaces are covered by a folded sheet metal, which is inserted between the supporting structure or the roof substructure, a gutter plate and the lower plate of the sandwich element and fastened together with the two sheets of the sandwich element.

However, the different configurations of such sandwich elements make it necessary that corresponding sheets are exactly matched to the sandwich elements, so that the required cover sheets must be held and processed according to the sandwich elements to be used. In addition, a wind deflector is provided in the roof area, which takes over a part of the weather protection and is mounted on the outside in the building sheet metal of the sandwich element.

Starting from this prior art, the invention has for its object to further develop an insulating element such that the above-described disadvantages of the prior art are avoided and the insulating element is further joined together in a simple assembly with adjacent insulation elements in a joint-tight connection and in particular in Fire is dense and dimensionally stable.

To solve this problem is provided by an insulating element that the bzv. the moldings have a compressive strength in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces, which is lower than the compressive strength of the Formmils or the mold parts in the direction of the surface normal of the side surfaces on which the molding or is or are arranged.

The insulating element according to the invention thus consists of a molded body and at least one molded part, which is arranged in the region of a side surface of the shaped body. The molded article has an orientation of the mineral fibers substantially perpendicular to its large surfaces, while the molded article has a compressive strength in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces, which is lower than the compressive strength of the molded article in the direction of the surface normal of the side surface on which the molded article is disposed is. As a rule, two oppositely arranged side surfaces have correspondingly shaped parts. In this insulating element, it is advantageous that the shaped body in the direction of its surface normal of the large surfaces has a high compressive strength, so that the molding can withstand high pressure loads on its large surfaces. In contrast, the molded part is designed such that it is formed compressible in the direction of the Fiächennormalen the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that to be joined moldings can be formed with slight oversize and then form a smoke and fire-tight joint seal. This joint seal also remains tight in the case that different coefficients of expansion of the shaped body, the moldings and a cover layer optionally arranged on the shaped body are given in the form of a profiled sheet. According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the molded parts consist of bonded mineral fibers. Preferably, in this embodiment, it is additionally provided that the molded parts have an orientation of the mineral fibers at right angles to the mineral fibers of the shaped body. Thus, the mineral fibers of the moldings are perpendicular to the mineral fibers of the molded body, so that the different compressive strengths of molded body and moldings are easily adjusted by the orientation of the mineral fibers.

A further development of the invention provides that the molded parts are connected to the molded body and / or to a cover layer arranged on at least one large surface of the molded article, for example a sheet-metal shell profiled in particular. The connection between moldings and moldings leads to a ready-to-install insulating element, wherein the production is substantially simplified and errors are excluded with regard to the correct assignment of moldings and moldings.

One possibility of the connection between the molded parts and the molded body and / or between the molded body and the sheet metal shell and / or between the molded parts and the sheet metal shell is given by the fact that an adhesive layer is disposed between the structural elements to be connected. The adhesive layer may be fully or partially formed, with particular adhesive or adhesive having been found to be particularly suitable as an adhesive for the adhesive layer.

An alternative connection of the construction elements is that the mold parts are positively connected to the molded body, for example via a plug connection. Of course, moldings and moldings can also be adhesively bonded with a positive connection.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the two molded parts of a shaped body have correspondingly formed outer surfaces, which enables a positive connection of adjacently arranged insulating elements. For example, the correspondingly formed outer surfaces can be formed in the simplest way as a groove on the one hand and spring on the other.

It is further contemplated that the moldings have a deviating from the bulk density of the molding, in particular reduced bulk density. Due to the reduced bulk density, the elastic-resilient properties of the molded parts are improved, whereby an elastic-resilient connection between adjacent insulating elements is possible, the relative movements of adjacent Insulating elements allows each other in a substantially simplified form. However, the design of the molded parts with an increased density can also be advantageous since this can significantly reduce the influence of the fiber orientation on the shrinkage behavior.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the moldings have up to 25 mass% embedded granular constituents which dehydrate at higher temperatures, especially in case of fire and split off carbon dioxide. These substances can be introduced alone or in mixtures with each other. The elimination of gases in case of fire, a back pressure in the joint area to be built, which is to complicate the passage of flue gases.

Preferably, the molded parts of mineral fibers inorganic binders such as organically modified silanes (Ormosile), water glasses, silica sol or the like.

By coating the outer surfaces of the moldings, these regions of the insulating element made of mineral fibers are additionally protected against the effects of weathering. In addition, this coating leads to a stabilization of the outer surface in the region of the molded parts, whereby the release of mineral fibers and thus also of dust-like particles is reduced. When selecting the materials suitable for the coating, it should be noted that these should not change the building material class of the insulating elements. This applies in particular to those materials which are introduced or applied following the production of the insulating elements made of mineral fibers, although thin layers of such a coating may not play a significant role in case of fire, even if it is combustible materials.

Therefore, the formation of the coating from a dispersion silicate paint according to DIN 18363 has proven to be particularly suitable. Such a dispersion silicate paint can be applied to the outer surfaces of the moldings in a simple and, in particular, covering manner. Although contain silicate paints or dispersion silicate paints according to DIN 18363 usually organic polymer dispersions, for example, pure acrylates, styrene-acrylates or terpolymers and other organic dispersants, stabilizers, rheological additives, film-forming aids and water repellents, but these components are present in such a small proportion that an impairment of the building material class of so that exclusively in the field of external surfaces processed insulation elements made of mineral fibers is not given.

The silicate paints or dispersion silicate paints mentioned above contain fillers and pigments as the largest components in terms of quantity. In order to achieve a constant effectiveness of the silicate paints or dispersion silicate paints including a good adhesion to the substrate, namely the mineral fibers, as well as a sufficient weather resistance, the fillers and pigments are selected such that they react as little as possible with the silicate binders of the insulating elements made of mineral fibers. Preferably, the fillers and pigments are selected such that a reaction between these fillers and pigments and the silicate binders does not occur.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the coating consists of water glass, in particular of potassium water glass and / or sodium water glass. These constituents can also be used in the customary color systems of silicate paints or dispersion silicate paints, since in particular the sodium carbonate hydrate which forms in the event of a fire has a positive effect on the fire behavior of the insulating element.

According to a development of this embodiment, it is provided that the water glass is mixed with a polymer dispersion and / or fillers, such as dolomite, kaolin or the like. These fillers react with the water glass. Organically modified silanes are provided here as suitable organic binders.

Preferably, the coating is multi-layered, wherein at least one layer of water glass and at least one layer consists of a polymer dispersion.

It is provided according to a feature of the invention that the shaped parts have surfaces that are aligned substantially parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body and have surfaces that are aligned substantially parallel to the side surfaces of the shaped body, which are substantially parallel to the large surfaces aligned surfaces have the coating and the aligned substantially parallel to the side surfaces surfaces are free of coating. For example, the molded parts may have a profiling which has flanks extending parallel or obliquely to the large surfaces. In the embodiment described above thus remain end faces of the profiling, namely, for example, a groove bottom and on the groove base in nested neighboring insulating elements resting web of a spring of the adjacent insulating element free of binder, so that the elasticity of the insulating elements is maintained in this area. As a result, the adaptability of the insulating elements is increased. For example, this can also compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the insulating elements in the region of the molded parts.

It is further contemplated that the coating is formed film-forming and in particular water vapor braking, so that in the joints between adjacent insulation elements at least a water vapor-braking effect is achieved, which at least greatly limits the diffusion of water vapor.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the coating has a lamination, in particular a metal foil, which improves the water vapor-damping effect and acts as a barrier to water vapor.

The coating is partially formed as impregnation, which is incorporated in a near-surface region of the moldings. This will be an improved Adhesion of the coating obtained on the hydrophobic mineral fibers.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the molded parts in the area of the surfaces aligned essentially parallel to the side surfaces have a coating which deviates from the coating on the surfaces of the molded parts which are aligned substantially parallel to the large surfaces. In particular, it is provided that the coating in the region of the surfaces aligned substantially parallel to the side surfaces consists of a silicate primer and a dispersion silicate paint applied thereto in accordance with DIN 18363 or a paint applied thereto based on synthetic latexes.

Furthermore, it is provided in an insulating element according to the invention that the free edges of the moldings have chamfers, which are particularly advantageous if the profiling are laminated in the region of their surfaces with metallic cover layers. The chamfers counteract any possible gap formation between the metallic cover layers on the one hand and an adhesive and insulating layer on the other hand and thus capillary water absorption. The same applies to a possible gap formation between the adhesive layer and the insulating material layer.

According to a development of the insulating element according to the invention it is provided that between the molded body and at least one molded part, a separation surface is formed, which is substantially anti-parallel to the surface normal of the large surface of the shaped body. Preferably, this separation surface is formed partially bent. The effect of this anti-parallel to the surface normal of the large surfaces extending interface is that an applied to the insulating element, in a building outer cover layer presses through the fasteners on the compressible in a direction perpendicular to the surface normal of the large surfaces of the insulating body molding and it in this way on re-storage of an adjacent insulating element in the form of perpendicular to the large surfaces of the Mold body extending mineral fibers pressed. An additional seal can be provided here by the way by additional fold-like projections.

The moldings may according to a further feature of the invention consist of mineral fibers and thermostable, preferably at higher temperatures, especially in case of fire gas releasing materials. It has also proven to be advantageous to form the moldings with a bulk densities between 150 and 1000 kg / m ³ , preferably between 180 and 400 kg / m ³ . Finally, it is advantageous according to a further feature of the invention to use a erfindungsgernäßes insulating element as the middle layer, in particular as a core layer in a sandwich element, which has two outside layers, preferably in the form of profiled or corrugated metal sheets and in particular as a wall and / or ceiling element a building can be used.

Figur 1

ein erste Ausführungsform eines Dämmstoffelementes aus Mineral- fasern im Längsschnitt;

Figur 2

ein zweite Ausführungsform eines Dämmstoffelementes aus Mineralfasern im Längsschnitt und

Figur 3

zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Dämmstoffelemente im Längs- schnitt.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of an insulating element made of mineral fibers are shown. In the drawing show:

FIG. 1

a first embodiment of an insulating element made of mineral fibers in longitudinal section;

FIG. 2

a second embodiment of an insulating element of mineral fibers in longitudinal section and

FIG. 3

two side by side arranged insulating elements in longitudinal section.

An in FIG. 1 illustrated insulating element 1 consists of a molded body 5 made of binders bound mineral fibers 2. The molded body 5 has two large surfaces 3, which are arranged at a distance and parallel to each other. The large surfaces 3 are connected to each other via four side surfaces 4, wherein in FIG. 1 only three side surfaces 4 are shown, the parallel and at right angles to the large surfaces 3 are aligned.

The mineral fibers 2 have in the molded body 5 a course perpendicular to the large surfaces 3, so that the shaped body 5 in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces 3 pressure resistant and in the direction of the surface normal of the side surfaces 4 in contrast flexible or compressible.

Shaped parts 6 are arranged on two opposite side surfaces 4 of the shaped body 5, wherein in FIG FIG. 1 two different attachment methods for the mold parts 6 are exemplified in the molded body 5 are shown. The two mold parts 6 on the opposite side surfaces 4 are formed corresponding to each other in such a way that the one molded part 6 has a spring 7 which can be inserted in a form-fitting and sealing manner into a corresponding groove 8 in the second mold part 6.

The molded parts 6 essentially consist of mineral fibers 2, which are aligned at right angles to the fiber path of the mineral fibers 2 in the molded body 5 and thus at right angles to the surface normals of the large surfaces 3 of the molded body 5. Accordingly, the molded parts 6 have a greater compressibility and thus lower compressive strength compared to the molded body 5 in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces 3 of the molded body 5, than the molded body 5. The joining of the molded parts 6 adjacently arranged insulating elements 1 is thus substantially simplified. At the same time, the mold parts 6, in particular in the region of the spring 7 or the groove 8, may be formed with a slight oversize which, due to the compressibility of the spring 7 or the groove walls when the mold parts 6 are adjacent to one another, forms a positive and frictional engagement of groove 8 and spring 7 allows.

This in FIG. 1 1 shown on the right has a nose 9 which is positively inserted in a corresponding recess 10 in the molded body 5.

The nose 9 and the recess 10 form a positive connection of the molded part 6 with the molded body. 5

The left mold part 6 is glued to the molded body 5, wherein on the side surface 4 of the shaped body 5, an adhesive layer 11 is applied from a hot melt adhesive over the entire surface.

In addition, it is provided that the bulk density of the moldings 6 compared to the density of the molded body 5 is formed smaller, wherein the moldings 6 has a density of 180 kg / m ³ and the molded body 5 has a density of 220 kg / m ³ .

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of an insulating element 1, wherein identical structural elements are designated by like reference numerals. The embodiment of the insulating element 1 according to FIG. 1 differs from the embodiment of the insulating element 1 according to FIG. 1 in that the molded parts 6 are designed differently.

For one thing shows FIG. 2 on the right a molding 6, which consists of mineral fibers 2, which are arranged in an unordered orientation, but together form a molding 6, the compressive strength in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces 3 of the molding 5 is less than the compressive strength of the molding 5 in the direction the surface normal of its large surfaces 3.

An in FIG. 2 Molded part 6 shown on the left likewise has mineral fibers 2, which are partially arranged in loops at least in the central area, while in other areas parallel aligned mineral fibers 2 or substructures are provided, which in turn lead to a corresponding compressive strength of the molded part 6 in comparison to the molded body 5 ,

Finally shows FIG. 3 two juxtaposed insulating elements 1, wherein the right arranged insulating element 1 is formed with a shaped body 5 and a molded part 6, as it is also in FIG. 1 is shown.

Between the molded body 5 and the molding 6 of in FIG. 3 right insulating material element 1 is a separating surface 12 is formed, which extends in a circular arc from the upper large surface 3 in a portion 13 which is aligned at right angles to the lower large surface 3 of the molding 5.

The insulation elements 1 described above can be connected in an advantageous manner with profiled sheet metal elements, not shown, which form together with the intended insulation layer as the core element 1 a sandwich element, which can be used in a special way as a wall or ceiling element of a building. The profiled or corrugated sheet-metal elements provided as cover layers can be bonded both to the shaped body 5 and to the shaped part 6. Also conceivable is a bonding exclusively of the molded parts 6 with the cover layers, wherein the molded body 5 can be arranged in a clamping manner due to its compressibility at right angles to the surface normals of its large surfaces 3 between the previously fixed moldings 6. Incidentally, in this embodiment, there is additionally the possibility of fixing the molded body 5 in a form-fitting manner via the adhesive layer 11 or the connection between the nose 9 and the recess 10.

Claims (29)

1. An insulating element including a shaped body (5) made from mineral fibres (2), preferably mineral wool, in the form of a panel or strip, having two large surfaces (3) that are arranged to extend at a distance from and parallel to one another, and are joined to one another via lateral surfaces (4), wherein the lateral surfaces (4) are positioned perpendicularly to one another and the mineral fibres (2) are aligned essentially perpendicularly to the large surfaces (3), so that they are also essentially parallel to the lateral surfaces (4), so that the compression strength of the shaped body (5) in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces (3) is greater than the compression strength of the shaped body (5) in the direction of the surface normals of the lateral surfaces (4), wherein at least one moulded part (6) is or are arranged on at least one of the lateral surfaces (4), particularly on two lateral surfaces (4) arranged opposite one another,
   characterized in that
   the moulded part or parts (6) has or have a compression strength in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces (3) that is less than the compression strength of the moulded part (6) or parts (6) in the direction of the surface normals of the lateral surfaces (4) on which the moulded part or parts (6) is or are arranged.
2. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) consists or consist of bonded mineral fibres (2).
3. The insulating element as recited in claim 2, characterized in that the mineral fibres (2) in the moulded part or parts (6) are aligned perpendicularly to the mineral fibres (2) in the shaped body (5).
4. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) is or are connected to the shaped body (5) and/or to a covering layer, for example a sheet metal shell, particularly one that has been profiled, that is arranged on at least one large surface (3) of the shaped body (5).
5. The insulating element as recited in claim 4, characterized in that an adhesive layer (11) is conformed between the moulded part or parts (6) and the shaped body (5) and/or between the shaped body (5) and the sheet metal shell and/or between the moulded parts and the sheet metal shell.
6. The insulating element as recited in claim 5, characterized in that the adhesive layer (11) is conformed to cover all or part of the surface.
7. The insulating element as recited in claim 5, characterized in that the adhesive layer (11) consists of a hot melt or pressure-sensitive adhesive.
8. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) is or are connected to the shaped body (5) in form-locking manner, for example via a plug connection.
9. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the two moulded parts (6) of a shaped body (5) have outer surfaces that are conformed correspondingly to enable adjacently positioned insulating elements to be connected to each other in form-locking manner.
10. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) has or have a gross density that differs from the gross density of the shaped body (5), particularly a lower gross density.
11. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that up to 25% by weight of the moulded part or parts (6) is constituted by embedded granular components that are dehydrated and release carbon dioxide in elevated temperatures, particularly in the event of fire.
12. The insulating element as recited in claim 2, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) includes or include inorganic bonding agents made from mineral fibres (2), such as organically modified silanes -ormosils-, water glasses, silica sol or similar.
13. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) includes or include a stabilising coating at least in the area of its or their free outer surfaces, which coating is conformed to cover a least a portion of the surface and in particular is permeable, for example with intumescent masses.
14. The insulating element as recited in claim 13, characterized in that the coating consists of water glass, particularly potassium water glass and/or sodium water glass.
15. The insulating element as recited in claim 14, characterized in that the water glass is mixed with a polymer dispersion and/or filler materials, for example dolomite, kaolin or similar.
16. The insulating element as recited in claim 13, characterized in that the coating consists of multiple layers, wherein at least one layer consists of water glass and at least one layer consists of a polymer dispersion.
17. The insulating element as recited in claim 13, characterized in that the coating includes an inorganic binding agent, particularly organically modified silanes.
18. The insulating element as recited in claim 9, characterized in that the outer surfaces of the moulded parts (6) are profiled, particularly in the form of a tongue (9) or a groove (8).
19. The insulating element as recited in claims 13 and 18, characterized in that the profiling has surfaces that are aligned essentially parallel to the large surfaces (3), and surfaces that are aligned essentially parallel to the lateral surfaces (4), wherein the surfaces that are aligned essentially parallel to the large surfaces (3) have the coating and the surfaces that are aligned essentially parallel to the lateral surfaces (4) have no coating.
20. The insulating element as recited in claim 13, characterized in that the coating is designed to form a film and particularly to retard steam.
21. The insulating element as recited in claim 13, characterized in that the coating has a lamination, particularly a metal foil.
22. The insulating element as recited in claim 18, characterized in that the profiling has chamfered regions.
23. The insulating element as recited in claims 13 and 18, characterized in that a part of the coating is incorporated in a region of the profiling close to the surface in the form of an impregnation.
24. The insulating element as recited in claims 13 and 18, characterized in that in the region of surfaces that are aligned essentially parallel to the lateral surfaces (4) the profiling is furnished with a coating that differs from the coating on the surfaces that are aligned essentially parallel to the large surfaces (3).
25. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that a separation plane (12) is created between the shaped body (5) and at least one the moulded part (6), which separation plane extends essentially antiparallel to the surface normals of the large surfaces (3) of the shaped body (5).
26. The insulating element as recited in claim 25, characterized in that the separation plane (12) is partially curved.
27. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) is or are made from mineral fibres (2) and thermostable materials that release gases, preferably at high temperatures, particularly in the event of fire.
28. The insulating element as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the moulded part or parts (6) has or have a gross density between 150 and 1000 kg/m³, preferably between 180 and 400 kg/m³.
29. Use of an insulating element as recited in any of claims 1 to 28 as a middle layer, particularly as a core layer in a sandwich element that has two covering layers on the outside, preferably in the form of profiled or corrugated metal panels, and which is usable particularly as a wall and/or ceiling element in a building.

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