EP1819888A1

EP1819888A1 - Mineral fiber insulating element and composite heat insulation system for heat and/or sound insulation and/or fireproofing of the outer wall of a building

Info

Publication number: EP1819888A1
Application number: EP05817913A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerd-Rüdiger Klose
Original assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Current assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date: 2004-12-08
Filing date: 2005-12-08
Publication date: 2007-08-22
Also published as: WO2006061220A1; DE202004018960U1

Abstract

The invention relates to an insulating element which is produced from mineral fibers, especially mineral wool, and which comprises two large surfaces and four lateral faces that are aligned at a right angle to the large surfaces and in relation to each other. Said insulating element comprises a plurality, at least two elements that have a U-shaped cross-section and that are provided with two limbs and a web interlinking the limbs. The elements are produced from a nonwoven and have a fiber orientation that runs parallel to their outer surfaces. The invention also relates to a composite heat insulation system for heat and/or sound insulation and/or fireproofing of the outer wall of a building. Said system is composed of the aforementioned insulating elements, interlinked by means of a glue and/or mechanical fastening elements with the outer wall of the building, and a plaster system applied to the insulating elements. The aim of the invention is to improve the generic mineral fiber insulating element, thereby avoiding the known disadvantages of prior art products and providing insulating elements that are especially suitable for use in composite heat insulation systems. For this purpose, the elements are interlinked on their outer surfaces in such a manner that the two large surfaces have different transverse tensile strengths and that the mineral fibers are disposed in the area of the web so as to be flat, inclined at a flat angle or inverse to the large surfaces.

Description

Insulating element made of mineral fibers and thermal insulation composite system for thermal and / or sound insulation and / or fire protection

Building outer wall

The invention relates to an insulating element made of mineral fibers, in particular rockwool, with two large surfaces and four side surfaces which are aligned at right angles to the large surfaces and each other, consisting of several, at least two cross-sectionally U-shaped, two legs and having a web connecting the legs

Elements which are formed from a non-woven fabric and have a fiber profile parallel to their outer surfaces. Furthermore, the subject matter of the invention is a composite thermal insulation system for thermal and / or sound insulation and / or fire protection of a building exterior wall, consisting of such insulating elements, which are connected to the building exterior wall with an adhesive and / or mechanical fastening elements and a cleaning system arranged on the insulation elements ,

External thermal insulation systems that are applied to exterior walls of buildings are known from the prior art. Basically, the requirements for such thermal insulation systems in the DIN 55699 are described. The thermal insulation systems are usually made of insulating elements that are applied to outer walls and ceiling surfaces, the attachment is adhesive and / or done by mechanical fasteners. The thermal insulation systems protect the

Buildings from transmission heat losses as well as from the weather and also serve the surface design of buildings.

As insulation elements are also inter alia, insulation boards or molded body made of mineral fibers used. The insulating elements are fixed with adhesives, in particular adhesive mortar and / or mechanical fasteners, such as rails and / or dowels on the building exterior wall to be insulated. On the Dämmstoffeiemente is Applied on the outside a reinforced flush, which is finally covered with a top coat or a top coat, so that the top coat or the top coat form the outer layer of the thermal insulation composite system. This outer layer consists of suitable mineral see organic, and / or inorganic materials and causes together with the flush a weather protection.

Flush and top coat or top coat form a layer whose material thickness varies between approx. 3 and 10 mm. In many applications, the material thickness of the layer is less than 5 mm, with a finishing coat or a final coating with a material thickness of less than 1 mm is sought. In order to form such thin layers, a high proportion of film-forming plastics in the coating compositions is required.

In the construction practice, the same coating compositions are used for the production of the flush and for the bonding, in some cases also for the top coat, so that the differentiation of the coating compositions is in many cases more commercial than technical reasons. In the case of mineral plaster systems, a final coat of paint can additionally be provided in order to achieve a uniform appearance.

The adhesive tensile strength of the flush-mounted plaster on the insulating element must be more than 6 kPa according to DIN EN 13494, but that of the adhesive or the adhesive on the insulating element ≥ 60 kPa. The adhesive or adhesive mortar itself should achieve an adhesive tensile strength ≥ 80 kPa in conjunction with the load-bearing building wall.

The fastening of the insulating elements is usually carried out with a full or partial area layer of adhesive mortar, according to DIN EN 13500 a

Tensile strength of the insulating elements> 80 kPa should be given. The insulating elements can also be secured by means of insulation holders. In order to fix the insulating elements on the building exterior wall and later auszusteifen particular in the edge areas, and compensate for unevenness of the substrate and thus create an outer in itself level, optionally regular surveys having surface, but a complementary bonding of the insulation elements on the building exterior wall provided , The adhesives mentioned are usually applied in the form of a peripheral edge bead and supplemented by some distributed in the inner surface chunk, so that the insulation elements are also supported here. Although these adhesives are very important for the functioning of the insulating layer and thus also the thermal insulation composite system, these systems are treated in terms of their positional stability as if this is guaranteed only by the insulation holder.

The insulation holder itself are plastic molded parts with a plate-shaped ending head and a shaft whose tip is designed as expansion dowel. With the help of a screw screwed into the expansible plug, the insulating element is pressed against the substrate. The head of the screws is sunk in the plastic molding and usually covered with a plastic cap. The dish-shaped head part generally has a diameter of, for example, 60 to 90 mm, with diameters of up to approximately 190 mm being able to be provided for securing very compressible insulating elements. By tightening the screw, the plate-shaped head part is easily pressed into the surface of the insulating element. Novel insulation holders point to the undersides of the plate-shaped

Head part tooth-like projections, which allow a sinking of the head part in the insulating element in order to prevent detachment of the head part by the two cover layers, or at least significantly reduce.

Depending on a wind load occurring and the arrangement of

Insulation holder in the region of the insulating element, in particular in the edge region of a building, the use of 6 to 14 insulation holder per m ^{2 is} required. This also plays the arrangement of the insulating elements in the height of the building an essential role. The insulation holders are in the rain! after the adhesives have hardened, so that when the screws are tightened, the evenness of the insulating surface once produced is largely retained. The plate-shaped head portions of the insulation holder are formed interrupted to allow penetration of the aufzubenden flush between and under the stiffening areas of the plate-shaped headboards. The effects on the adhesive strength of the flush are very doubtful. Even with a sunk in the surface of the insulating elements arrangement of the plate-shaped headboards no significant increase in the adhesive strength of the flush-mounted is observed.

The anchoring of the flush is thus predominantly on the outer surface of the insulating elements.

An increase in the adhesive strength of the flush can at best by a

Assembly of the insulation holder by the still plastic flush and arranged in-wall reinforcement, usually in the form of a fiberglass or metal mesh fabric can be achieved. In this case, the plate-shaped head part, as well as the force-transmitting reinforcement, is embedded as far as possible in the underpainting. In this embodiment, the layer of flush and top coat in the FaNe of detaching the layer of the insulating layer, for example, as a result of wind suction and dead load, held securely by the insulation holder in the flush.

Since insulating elements made of mineral wool are even relatively permeable to air, no negative pressure can usually build up over the insulating layer and remove it.

The incorporation of a reinforcement from a fabric is often omitted because the work in fresh concealed plaster is uncomfortable. It is also essential that the fabric bulges partially when tightening the screws by pulling the insulation holder into the plaster and insulation layer. To the resulting unevenness of the To compensate for insulating element θ, it is necessary, as in the case of the plate-shaped head parts resting on the insulating surface, to apply thicker layers of plaster, which, however, counteracts the general trend and in particular causes high costs and high mechanical loads.

An insulation layer described above is formed of mineral wool insulation elements, in particular insulation boards, which consist for example of rock wool and according to DIN 4102 Part 17 have a melting point> 1.000 ⁰ C.

The insulating elements are produced in such a way that a mineral fiber web impregnated with binders and additives is intensively compressed on a conveying device in the vertical and in the horizontal direction, ie in the conveying direction, so that the mineral fibers themselves, but especially their substructures formed intensively be folded together. A high proportion of the folds formed in this case is aligned horizontally. The mineral fiber web has two large surfaces as well as immediately below arranged zones in which the mineral fibers are arranged predominantly parallel or at a shallow angle to the large surfaces. The insulating elements therefore achieve only low transverse tensile strengths at gross densities> approx. 120 kg / m ³ with simultaneously high compressive strengths and low thermal conductivities.

If slices are separated from this mineral fiber web parallel to the production direction, then because of their small width of 200 mm called lamellae insulation elements, reach because of the arrangement of mineral fibers and the belt-like substructures at right angles to the cut surfaces surprisingly high transverse tensile strengths, already at a Density of about 70 kg / m ³ can be more than 80 kPa. Therefore, the lamellar plates can be mounted on the supporting outer wall of the building, depending on the height, without mechanical fasteners. One or both large surfaces of the lamellar plates is preferably provided with an adhesion-promoting coating. As a particularly economical bonding Method has been found when the adhesive is applied with the help of a feed pump fully or partially directly to the supporting building exterior wall and the lamellar plates are pressed into the plastic mass.

US Pat. No. 5,981,024 discloses the production of an endless mineral fiber web which is produced by vertically unfolding a thin primary mineral fiber fleece impregnated with binders and additives, which is then heated to harden the binders. Due to the unfolding of the mineral fiber fleece, the individual mineral fibers or substructures formed therefrom on the surfaces of the mineral fiber web are arranged flat or parallel to the large surfaces formed, while they are oriented in the core almost at right angles to the large surfaces. Due to the compression following the folding, the mineral fiber web is additionally compressed in the vertical direction, so that the proportion of shallow mineral fibers is increased.

In order to be able to separate insulation elements, in particular insulation boards with transverse tensile strengths of> 50 kPa, from these mineral fiber webs, layers with flat lying mineral fibers are separated. This results in economic losses. The mineral fiber web must therefore be formed with an excess of the insulating elements to be produced. On the other hand, these insulating elements can be produced with a significantly greater width than the lamella plates, resulting in the application of the insulating elements on the building exterior wall to a time saving and associated cost advantages.

Starting from this prior art, the invention is based on the invention to further develop a generic insulating element made of mineral fibers such that the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art

Technique can be avoided, the insulation elements in particular should have a special suitability for processing in thermal insulation systems. It is a further object of the invention to provide a heat to provide insulation composite system, which consists of cost-effectively manufactured insulating elements, which on the one hand in a simple manner on a building exterior wall while adhering to the required adhesive strengths can be fastened and on the other hand can be covered with thin plaster systems without costly anchoring work in the plaster system are required.

The solution to this problem provides for a generic insulation element that the elements are connected to each other at their outer surfaces in such a way that all webs of the elements are arranged in the region of a large surface, that the two large surfaces have different transverse tensile strengths and that Mineral fibers in the region of the web are flat, inclined flat or arranged inversely to the large surfaces extending.

For producing an insulating element according to the invention from mineral fibers is provided that a primary mineral fiber fleece by a continuous, largely rectangular folding with subsequent vertical, as well as horizontal compression in the conveying direction by acting from the outside on the large surfaces of the mineral fiber fleece forces with subsequent solidification of the binder contained in the mineral fiber fleece is converted into an endless insulation web. The bulk density of this insulation sheet is turned off to the desired level of strength, after the contents of organic binders are largely limited because of the limitation by the desired building material class of the insulating element, and then divided into insulation elements, such as insulation boards.

In this insulating material web or the insulation elements produced therefrom, it is now provided according to the invention that the mineral fibers and the substructures formed from these mineral fibers are oriented predominantly at right angles to the large surfaces of the insulating material web or the insulating material elements in the core area of the insulating web or the insulating material elements. The deflecting regions of the insulating material web, which are formed by the unfolding of the In principle, mineral fibers are bent outward, so that the mineral fibers in these zones of the insulating material web are arranged flat, flat or inverse to the large surfaces. The individual elements of the insulating element each consist of two legs and a web connecting the legs The connection can be made, for example, by a binder which wets the mineral fibers arranged in the surface area of the outer surfaces of the legs and which, during hardening in a hardening furnace, forms a connection between the webs of an element or neighboring elements. The regions of the web in principle have outwardly projecting mineral fibers, so that the mineral fibers in these regions are arranged flat, flat or inverse to the large surfaces. An insulating element formed in this way is sufficiently rigid, so that a simplified processing in the outer wall area of a building is possible.

The endless insulation web described above is divided to form the insulation elements according to the invention in individual insulating elements. These insulating elements are characterized in particular by having on one side a transverse tensile strength ≥ 30 kPa, preferably> 50 kPa, the transverse tensile strength on the opposite large surface in the region of the webs depending on the requirements between about 7.5 kPa and 25 kPa is formed.

The above-mentioned transverse tensile strengths are usually determined on a square test specimen having an edge length of 200 mm. This specimen is connected by means of hot melt adhesives with rigid and tensile plates. In a tensile test, the transverse tensile strength is then measured in the direction of the surface normal.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that a part of the mineral fibers in the region of the webs is deposited to form a planar surface. are separated. This is usually the large surface, which is arranged externally in a composite thermal insulation system, so that the flush surface is to be applied to this large surface. A previously formed flat surface has the advantage of reducing or eliminating tweaks between the adjacent elements. This results in a significant reduction of the required cleaning material of the flush.

It is further provided that an adhesion-promoting layer is arranged on at least one of the large surfaces. Preferably, the layer is as impregnation within the elements and / or as a coating on the

Formed elements. This adhesion-promoting layer has the advantage that the adhesives to be applied on the construction site form a better bond with the insulating material. As an impregnation and / or coating, for example, adhesive mortar or a plastic dispersion can be selected which has a high affinity for the adhesives customarily used and in particular also reduces the hydrophobicity of the insulating elements made of mineral fibers.

The insulating elements according to this invention can be made large in size compared to the commonly used lamella plates, so that their processing can be performed in a shorter time compared to the lamella plates. For this purpose, the insulation elements according to the invention are pressed into a applied to the building exterior wall bed of adhesive and bonded non-positively. Due to the strength values of the insulating elements, an additional mechanical fastening is generally not required. The much faster processing and the absence of further mechanical fasteners leads to a significant cost reduction in the production here in question thermal insulation systems. In addition, there is the advantage that the application of a layer of concealed plaster and top coat substantially simplified and incidentally possible with thinner material thicknesses, since mechanical fasteners do not need to be covered. For this purpose, it is envisaged that the large surface with the greater transverse tensile strength of the building facing outer wall and faces the large surface of the insulating element with the lower transverse tensile strength of the layer of concealed plaster and finishing plaster,

However, the Dämmstoffeiement may also have recesses in at least two oppositely arranged and preferably parallel side surfaces, which serve to receive mounting rails. The recesses are preferably formed as grooves and consequently have a rectangular, for example U-shaped cross-section. In addition, it can be provided that the recesses are formed circumferentially in all side surfaces of the insulating element. Especially in this application of the insulating elements, the stiffening of the insulating element by the web-like substructure, namely the formation of individual elements has an advantageous effect, the webs of the elements are arranged to extend in particular transversely to the longitudinal axes of the insulating element.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of an insulating element is shown in a perspective view. An insulation element 1 shown in the figure is cuboid and has a first large surface 2 and a second large surface 3, which are arranged at a distance and parallel to each other. The two large surfaces 2, 3 are connected to each other via side surfaces 4, 5, which side surfaces 4, 5 perpendicular to the large surfaces 2, 3 are arranged to extend. Each side surface 4 continues to be perpendicular to each side surface 5.

The insulating element 1 consists of several elements 6, which are formed from a nonwoven fabric. Each element 6 has a U-shaped cross-section and has two limbs 7 and one connecting the limbs 7

Bridge 8 up. The legs 7 of each element 6 are connected to each other in the region of a contact surface 9, wherein the legs 7 of adjacent elements 6 are connected to each other with their outer surfaces. All webs 8 of the elements 6 are arranged in the region of the large surface 3, so that all legs 7 of the elements 6 end in the region of the large surface 2.

The insulating element 1 shown in the drawing has a transverse tensile strength of 25 kPa in the region of its large surface 3, while the transverse tensile strength in the region of the surface 2 is approximately 45 kPa. On the surface 2, a coating 10, for example an adhesive mortar or an aqueous plastic dispersion is arranged, which has a high affinity for adhesives commonly used, with which corresponding insulating elements 1 are attached in the range of building exterior walls.

The course of the mineral fibers within the legs 7 is aligned substantially perpendicular to the large surfaces 2, 3, while in the region of the webs 8 a course of mineral fibers prevails, which is flat, flat or inversely aligned with the large surfaces 2, 3.

In addition, the insulating material elements 1 shown in the drawing have groove-shaped recesses 11 in the region of their two mutually parallel side surfaces, which serve to receive fastening rails (not shown in more detail) with which corresponding insulating elements 1 can be fastened in the area of a building exterior facade. Such attachment of the insulating elements 1 via mounting rails is always advantageous if the substrate to be insulated is uneven and / or not suitable for bonding the insulating elements 1. In such a case, the mounting rails, not shown, are fastened to the exterior wall of the building, wherein the rails hold the insulating elements 1, which usually have a length of 800 mm and a width of 625 mm. In the side surfaces 4, 5, the recesses 11 as Grooves are formed, which are 12 to 15 mm deep cut. The distance between the grooves of the building exterior wall facing the large surface 2 of the insulating element 1 is 24 mm. The mounting rails are Z-shaped in cross-section and are anchored by means of dowels and screws to the building exterior wall, in addition adhesive mass is applied to the large surface 2 of the insulating element 1 to fix the insulating element 1 to the building exterior wall. The adhesive mass also has the task of supporting the insulating element 1 with respect to the building exterior wall in the middle.

The insulating elements used in this application 1 usually have a density of well above 130 kg / m ³ , inter alia, to provide sufficient strength, which in particular prevents buckling of the insulating elements 1 in wind suction within the rail system.

In the drawing, a dashed line 12 is additionally shown, along which a part of the mineral fibers are removed from the surface 3, to provide a flat surface 3, in which the gusset regions 13 are reduced.

Claims

claims

Mineral wool insulating element, in particular of rockwool, having two large surfaces (2, 3) and four lateral surfaces (4, 5) oriented at right angles to the large surfaces (2, 3) and to each other, consisting of a plurality of at least two in cross-section U-shaped, two legs (7) and the legs (7) connecting web (8) having elements (6), which are formed from a nonwoven fabric and have a fiber profile parallel to their outer surfaces, wherein the elements (6) are connected to each other at their outer surfaces (9) in such a way that all the webs (8) of the elements (6) are arranged in the region of a large surface (3), the two large surfaces (2, 3) having different transverse tensile strengths and wherein the mineral fibers in the region of the web (8) flat, flat or inclined inversely to the large surfaces (2, 3) are arranged to extend.

2. Insulating element according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the mineral fibers in the region of the web (8) to form a planar surface (3) is separated.

3. Insulating element according to claim 1, characterized in that from the webs (8) formed large surface (3) has a transverse tensile strength between 7.5 kPa and 30 kPa, while the oppositely arranged large surface (2) has a transverse tensile strength greater than 30 kPa, preferably greater than 50 kPa.

4. Insulating element according to claim 1, characterized in that on at least one of the large surfaces (2, 3) an adhesion middle layer is arranged.

5. Insulation element according to claim 4, characterized in that the layer is formed as an impregnation within the elements (6) and / or as a coating (10) on the elements (6).

δ "insulating element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two oppositely disposed and preferably parallel side surfaces (5) recesses (11), which serve to receive mounting rails.

7. Insulating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the legs (7) of the elements (6) are aligned at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the large surfaces (2, 3).

8. thermal insulation composite system for thermal and / or sound insulation and / or fire protection of a building exterior wall consisting of

Insulating elements (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, which are connected to the building exterior wall with an adhesive and / or mechanical fastening elements and a cleaning system arranged on the insulating elements (1), characterized in that the Dämmstoffeiemente (1) in the region of each other opposite large surfaces (2, 3) have different transverse tensile strengths and facing the large surface (2) with the higher transverse tensile strength of the building exterior wall.

9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that a large surface area (3) has a transverse tensile strength of between 7.5 kPa and 30 kPa, while the oppositely disposed large surface (2) has a transverse tensile strength which is greater than 30 kPa, preferably greater than 50 kPa.

10. System according to claim 8, characterized in that at least two oppositely disposed and preferably parallel side surfaces (5) of the insulating element (1) have recesses (11), which serve to receive fastening wall attachable to the building exterior wall.