EP1798498A2 - Système de refrigération par compression de vapeur - Google Patents

Système de refrigération par compression de vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1798498A2
EP1798498A2 EP06125926A EP06125926A EP1798498A2 EP 1798498 A2 EP1798498 A2 EP 1798498A2 EP 06125926 A EP06125926 A EP 06125926A EP 06125926 A EP06125926 A EP 06125926A EP 1798498 A2 EP1798498 A2 EP 1798498A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
vapor compression
refrigerating system
compression refrigerating
reducing mechanism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06125926A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1798498A3 (fr
Inventor
Yuuichi Matsumoto
Kenichi Suzuki
Masato Tsuboi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanden Corp
Original Assignee
Sanden Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanden Corp filed Critical Sanden Corp
Publication of EP1798498A2 publication Critical patent/EP1798498A2/fr
Publication of EP1798498A3 publication Critical patent/EP1798498A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to vapor compression refrigerating systems.
  • a known vapor compression refrigerating system obtains its refrigerating ability by cooling a compressed refrigerant, reducing the pressure of the compressed refrigerant by a radiator, e.g. , a gas cooler, and evaporating the pressure reduced refrigerant by an evaporator.
  • a radiator e.g. , a gas cooler
  • evaporating the pressure reduced refrigerant by an evaporator is described in Japanese Patent Application No. JP-A-11-193967 .
  • a known vapor compression refrigerating system 101 comprises a compressor 102 for compressing refrigerant, a radiator 103 for cooling refrigerant which flows out of compressor 102, an inside heat exchanger 105 for performing heat exchange between high-pressure refrigerant which flows out of radiator 103 and low-pressure refrigerant which flows out of an accumulator 104 (formed also as a gas and liquid separator) and supplying low-pressure refrigerant heat exchanged with high-pressure refrigerant to compressor 102, a pressure reducing mechanism 106 for reducing a pressure of high-pressure refrigerant which flows out of inside heat exchanger 105, an evaporator 107 for evaporating low-pressure refrigerant which flows out of pressure reducing mechanism 106, and an accumulator 104 for storing two-phase refrigerant of liquid phase refrigerant and gas phase refrigerant which flows out of evaporator 107 and supplying gas phase refrigerant to inside heat exchanger 105.
  • a technical advantage of the present invention is that drive energy may obtained when the refrigerant is expanded and may regenerated as an electric energy or a mechanical energy, and the regenerated energy is used as an energy of a drive source for a means for pumping the refrigerant, which results in a highly efficient vapor compression refrigerating system.
  • a vapor compression refrigerating system comprises a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant, and a radiator connected to the compressor, in which the radiator is configured to receive the refrigerant from the compressor and to reduce a temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the system also comprises a particular pressure reducing mechanism connected to the radiator, and the particular pressure reducing mechanism is configured to receive the refrigerant from the radiator and to reduce a pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the system further comprises a separator connected to the particular pressure reducing mechanism and to the compressor, means for pumping connected to the separator, and an evaporator operationally coupled to the means for pumping and connected to the separator.
  • the separator is configured to receive the refrigerant from the particular pressure reducing mechanism, to separate a liquid portion of the refrigerant from a gas portion of the refrigerant, and to transmit the gas portion to the compressor.
  • the means for pumping is configured to pump the liquid portion from the separator to the evaporator, and the evaporator is configured to evaporate the liquid portion into an evaporated portion, and to transmit the evaporated portion to the separator.
  • a vapor compression refrigerating system comprises a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant, and a radiator connected to the compressor, in which the radiator is configured to receive the refrigerant from the compressor and to reduce a temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the system also comprises an expander connected to the radiator, and the expander is configured to receive the refrigerant from the radiator and to reduce a pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the system further comprises a separator connected to the expander and to the compressor, means for pumping connected to the separator and to the expander, and an evaporator operationally coupled to the means for pumping and connected to the separator.
  • the separator is configured to receive the refrigerant from the expander, to separate a liquid portion of the refrigerant from a gas portion of the refrigerant, and to transmit the gas portion to the compressor.
  • the means for pumping is configured to pump the liquid portion from the separator to the evaporator, and the evaporator is configured to evaporate the liquid portion into an evaporated portion, and to transmit the evaporated portion to the separator.
  • the expander drives the means for pumping when the expander expands the refrigerant.
  • Fig. 1 depicts a vapor compression refrigerating system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • vapor compression refrigerating system 1 may comprise a compressor 2, a radiator 3 connected to compressor 2, a first pressure reducing mechanism 4 connected to radiator 3, and a gas and liquid separator 5 connected to first pressure reducing mechanism 4 and to compressor 2.
  • Vapor compression refrigerating system 1 also may comprise a means for pumping 6 connected to gas and liquid separator 4, and an evaporator 7 connected to means for pumping 6 and to gas and liquid separator 4.
  • Each of the connections between the various components of vapor compression refrigerating system 1 may be made via a tube.
  • compressor 2 may compress a refrigerant, such as a carbon dioxide refrigerant, which contracts the refrigerant and increases the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant then may flow from compressor 2 to radiator 3, and radiator 3 may radiate the refrigerant to decrease the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant then may flow from radiator 3 to first pressure reducing mechanism 4, and first pressure reducing mechanism 4 may expand the refrigerant and may reduce the pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant then may flow from first pressure reducing mechanism 4 to gas and liquid separator 5, and gas and liquid separator 5 may separate a gas portion of the refrigerant from a liquid portion of the refrigerant.
  • the gas portion of the refrigerant may flow to compressor 2, and the liquid portion of the refrigerant may flow to evaporator 7 via means for pumping 6 which pumps the liquid portion of the refrigerant to evaporator 7.
  • Evaporator 7 then may evaporate the liquid portion of the refrigerant into a gas, and the gas may flow to gas and liquid separator 5.
  • Gas and liquid separator 5 then may combine the refrigerant from evaporator 7 and first pressure reducing mechanism 4, and may separate the liquid portion of the combined refrigerant from the gas portion of the combined refrigerant. This process then may be repeated.
  • compressor 2 may be driven by a first drive source, and means for pumping 6 may be driven by a second drive source which is different than the first drive source.
  • a means for controlling may be provided to independently control the ability of compressor 2 and means for pumping 6 to transmit the refrigerant within vapor compression refrigerating system 1.
  • first pressure reducing mechanism 4 may comprise a means for adjusting the degree of pressure reduction in the refrigerant.
  • the means for adjusting may comprise a mechanism for determining a degree of pressure reduction based on information associated with a condition of vapor compression refrigerating system 1.
  • the mechanism of the means for adjusting may be automatically operated based on a difference between the pressure of the refrigerant before the refrigerant enters first pressure reducing mechanism 4 and after the refrigerant leaves first pressure reducing mechanism 4, or may be operated by an external electric or pressure signal.
  • Vapor compression refrigerating system 1 also may comprise means for controlling the means for adjusting to maintain the pressure of the refrigerant within gas and liquid separator 5 to be less than or equal to a critical pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the means for controlling may control first pressure reducing mechanism 4 by an electric signal, and may adjust the degree of pressure reduction, such that the pressure of the refrigerant in gas and liquid separator 5 is less than or equal to a critical pressure of the refrigerant, and the efficiency of vapor compression refrigerating system 1 is improved.
  • Fig. 2 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram (a Mollier chart) of refrigerant in vapor compression refrigerating system 1 of Fig. 1.
  • vapor compression refrigerating system 1 of Fig. 1 the refrigerant flows from radiator 3 and the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced, and the refrigerant then is separated into a gas portion of the refrigerant and a liquid portion of the refrigerant by gas and liquid separator 5.
  • the liquid portion then flows to evaporator 7 by means for pumping 6.
  • the refrigerant in evaporator 7 may be controlled to have a small degree of dryness with respect to the degree of dryness and the coefficient of heat transfer depicted in Fig. 3, and may be controlled at a high coefficient of heat transfer. Consequently, deterioration of efficiency of cooling performance and deterioration of efficiency of refrigerating system substantially may be avoided.
  • Fig. 4 depicts a vapor compression refrigerating system 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 4 and the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 1 are substantially similar. Therefore, only those differences between the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 4 and the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 1 are discussed with respect to the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 4.
  • vapor compression refrigerating system 1 further comprises a second pressure reducing mechanism 8 which is connected to means for pumping 6 and to evaporator 7. Second pressure reducing mechanism 8 reduces the pressure of the refrigerant transmitted from means for pumping 6 to evaporator 7. Second pressure reducing mechanism 8 may be substantially the same as first pressure reducing mechanism 4. Therefore, second pressure reducing mechanism 8 is not discussed in further detail.
  • Fig. 5 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram (a Mollier chart) of refrigerant in vapor compression refrigerating system 1 of Fig. 4.
  • vapor compression refrigerating system 1 of Fig. 4 the refrigerant flows from radiator 3 and the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced, and the refrigerant then is separated into a gas portion of the refrigerant and a liquid portion of the refrigerant by gas and liquid separator 5.
  • the pressure of the liquid portion then is reduced by second pressure reducing mechanism 8 and flows to evaporator 7 by means for pumping 6. Consequently, the refrigerant that flows from gas and liquid separator 5 is sent to evaporator 7 at a further reduced pressure, and deterioration of efficiency of cooling performance and deterioration of efficiency of refrigerating system may be substantially avoided.
  • Fig. 6 depicts a vapor compression refrigerating system 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • vapor compression refrigerating system 1 may comprise a compressor 2, a radiator 3 connected to compressor 2, an expander 9 connected to radiator 3, and a gas and liquid separator 5 connected to expander 9 and to compressor 2.
  • Vapor compression refrigerating system I also may comprise a means for pumping 10 connected to expander 9 and to gas and liquid separator 5, a pressure reducing mechanism 11 connected to means for pumping 10, and an evaporator 7 connected to pressure reducing mechanism 11 and gas and liquid separator 5.
  • Each of the connections between the various components of vapor compression refrigerating system 1 may be made via a tube.
  • compressor 2 may compress a refrigerant, such as a carbon dioxide refrigerant, which contracts the refrigerant and increases the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant then may flow from compressor 2 to radiator 3, and radiator 3 may radiate the refrigerant to decrease the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant then may flow from radiator 3 to expander 9, and expander 9 may expand the refrigerant and may reduce the pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant then may flow from expander 9 to gas and liquid separator 5, and gas and liquid separator 5 may separate a gas portion of the refrigerant from a liquid portion of the refrigerant.
  • the gas portion of the refrigerant may flow to compressor 2, and the liquid portion of the refrigerant may flow to pressure reducing mechanism 11 via means for pumping 10 which pumps the liquid portion of the refrigerant to pressure reducing mechanism 11.
  • Pressure reducing mechanism 11 may reduce the pressure of the liquid portion of the refrigerant, and the liquid portion of the refrigerant may flow to evaporator 7.
  • Evaporator 7 then may evaporate the liquid portion of the refrigerant into a gas, and the gas may flow to gas and liquid separator 5.
  • Gas and liquid separator 5 then may combine the refrigerant from evaporator 7 and first pressure reducing mechanism 4, and may separate the liquid portion of the combined refrigerant from the gas portion of the combined refrigerant. This process then may be repeated.
  • pressure reducing mechanism I 1 may be omitted, and the liquid portion of the refrigerant may flow to evaporator 7 via means for pumping 10
  • means for pumping 10 may be directly connected to expander 9, and the rotation of expander 9 driven by the expansion energy of the refrigerant substantially may be transmitted to means for pumping 10, such that means for pumping 10 may be driven by regeneration of expansion energy of the refrigerant. Consequently, it may not be necessary to provide an outside driving source for means for pumping 10, which increases the efficiency of the refrigerating system.
  • Fig. 7 depicts a vapor compression refrigerating system 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 7 and the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 6 are substantially similar. Therefore, only those differences between the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 7 and the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 6 are discussed with respect to the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Fig. 7.
  • vapor compression refrigerating system 1 further comprises a bypass passage 12 positioned between radiator 3 and gas and liquid separator 5 for bypassing a portion of the refrigerant away from the passage with expander 9, and a means for adjusting the rate of refrigerant flow 13 provided on bypass passage 12 for adjusting a flow rate of refrigerant flowing in bypass passage 12 based on information associated with a condition of vapor compression refrigerating system 1.
  • the means for adjusting 13 has a means for controlling the means for adjusting 13, such that a pressure of the refrigerant in gas and liquid separator 5 is less than or equal to a critical pressure. Consequently, the efficiency of vapor compression refrigerating system 1 may be further improved.
  • pressure reducing mechanism 11 may operate substantially the same as first pressure reducing mechanism 4 and second pressure reducing mechanism 8. Therefore, pressure reducing mechanism 11 is not discussed in further detail.
  • expander 9 may have a turbine impeller similar to that of an exhaust gas turbine supercharger used for an engine.
  • the expansion energy of the refrigerant is removed after converting it into a mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy is inputted into means for pumping 10.
  • the efficiency of vapor compression refrigerating system 1 may be further improved.
  • the drive energy obtained from expander 9 is regenerated as an electric energy or a mechanical energy, and the regenerated energy is used as an energy of a drive source for means for pumping 10.
  • the energy When the energy is used as an electric energy, it may be inputted to a drive motor for means for pumping 10 after being stored in a battery.
  • the drive shafts of expander 9 and means for pumping 10 may be coupled to each other, and a driving energy obtained from expander 9 may be transmitted directly to means for pumping 10.
  • Fig. 9 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram (a Mollier chart) of refrigerant in vapor compression refrigerating system 1 of Figs. 6 and 7.
  • vapor compression refrigerating system I of Figs. 6 and 7 the refrigerant flows from radiator 3 and the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced by expander 9 and adjusting means 13, and the refrigerant then is separated into a gas portion of the refrigerant and a liquid portion of the refrigerant by gas and liquid separator 5. The liquid portion then flows to evaporator 7 by means for pumping 10.
  • the refrigerant in evaporator 7 may be controlled to have a small degree of dryness, and a high coefficient of heat transfer may be maintained. Consequently, deterioration of efficiency of cooling performance and deterioration of efficiency of refrigerating system substantially may be avoided.
  • the vapor compression refrigerating system according to the present invention may be particularly suitable for an air conditioning system of a vehicle, such as an air conditioning system which uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP06125926A 2005-12-13 2006-12-12 Système de refrigération par compression de vapeur Withdrawn EP1798498A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005358659A JP4897284B2 (ja) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 冷凍サイクル

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1798498A2 true EP1798498A2 (fr) 2007-06-20
EP1798498A3 EP1798498A3 (fr) 2008-07-09

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US (1) US20070130989A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1798498A3 (fr)
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WO2009117796A1 (fr) * 2008-03-27 2009-10-01 Whirlpool S.A. Système de réfrigération
WO2009122455A1 (fr) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-08 Giuseppe Floris Echangeur de chaleur fonctionnant à différentes pressions
WO2009128097A1 (fr) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-22 Giuseppe Floris Unité de réfrigération fonctionnant à différentes pressions
EP3159627A1 (fr) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-26 Ulrich Brunner GmbH Circuit de fluide frigorigene

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US9989280B2 (en) * 2008-05-02 2018-06-05 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Cascade cooling system with intercycle cooling or additional vapor condensation cycle
US9038404B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2015-05-26 Liebert Corporation High efficiency cooling system
US9845981B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2017-12-19 Liebert Corporation Load estimator for control of vapor compression cooling system with pumped refrigerant economization
CN103175325B (zh) * 2013-03-26 2015-10-21 东莞市鑫焘机械有限公司 一种满液式冷水机组
JP6495053B2 (ja) * 2015-03-03 2019-04-03 三菱重工業株式会社 冷凍システム、冷凍システムの運転方法及び冷凍システムの設計方法
EP3715768B1 (fr) * 2019-03-29 2023-11-22 Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe B.V. Système de chauffage ou de refroidissement et procédé pour réduire ou supprimer un matériau à changement de phase solide
US11592221B2 (en) 2020-12-22 2023-02-28 Deere & Company Two-phase cooling system
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009117796A1 (fr) * 2008-03-27 2009-10-01 Whirlpool S.A. Système de réfrigération
WO2009122455A1 (fr) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-08 Giuseppe Floris Echangeur de chaleur fonctionnant à différentes pressions
WO2009128097A1 (fr) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-22 Giuseppe Floris Unité de réfrigération fonctionnant à différentes pressions
EP3159627A1 (fr) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-26 Ulrich Brunner GmbH Circuit de fluide frigorigene

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JP4897284B2 (ja) 2012-03-14
JP2007163005A (ja) 2007-06-28
EP1798498A3 (fr) 2008-07-09
US20070130989A1 (en) 2007-06-14

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