EP1786997B1 - Procede pour assainir et creer de nouvelles fosses d'inhumation et installation de fosses d'inhumation - Google Patents

Procede pour assainir et creer de nouvelles fosses d'inhumation et installation de fosses d'inhumation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1786997B1
EP1786997B1 EP05775747A EP05775747A EP1786997B1 EP 1786997 B1 EP1786997 B1 EP 1786997B1 EP 05775747 A EP05775747 A EP 05775747A EP 05775747 A EP05775747 A EP 05775747A EP 1786997 B1 EP1786997 B1 EP 1786997B1
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Prior art keywords
drainage
graves
fosse
layer
concrete
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EP05775747A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1786997A1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Aeschlimann
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Tony Lindner & Partner AG
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Tony Lindner & Partner AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H13/00—Monuments; Tombs; Burial vaults; Columbaria

Definitions

  • This invention relates firstly to a method of remediating burial tombs for repealing or refurbishing existing graves and rebuilding burials for earth burials. Furthermore, the invention relates to a plant for earth burials, consisting of a raised and hereafter poured pit.
  • a generic method or such a generic system is from the document EP 1 277 898 A known.
  • the funeral burial of deceased people is the most frequently used form of burial in the Judeo-Christian as well as in the muslim world.
  • Cremation on the other hand, is well established in Malawi countries, and cremation is also established in the Western world, often for practical and economic reasons, because urban burial for earth burials has been severely depleted in recent decades as a result of population growth Has.
  • the Gravesruhe is prescribed by the legislative and lasts usually 20 years, in some places a little less, for example, only 15 years, or even more, up to 25 years. This prescribed number of years takes into account that the average time required to skeletonize a buried body is around five to seven years. After the grave silence, new graves will be erected at the same place. Now, however, the cemetery caretakers or gravediggers repeatedly come across incomplete or hardly decomposed corpses within the framework of such new installations of graves. This is an increasingly common problem of earth burials.
  • the body's enzymes begin with the decomposition process. There is a liquefaction of the soft tissue.
  • the walls of the hollow organs, In particular, the stomach and intestines become thinner and permeable, so that the intestinal flora can expand to the whole body.
  • the involvement of the bacteria of the intestinal flora in the degradation process begins the fouling process, with a biochemical activity, which leads to an increase in temperature in the body. This in turn supports the activity of the enzymes and microorganisms, which accelerates the liquefaction of the soft tissue.
  • the fluid partially accumulates in the hollow organs.
  • fatty acid preservation also called fat-wax formation.
  • This refers to bacterial enzyme-induced fatty tissue transformation, which is essentially a conversion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids.
  • saturation progresses, the melting point of the fatty acid mixture decreases, resulting in continuous precipitation of the long-chain fatty acids and thus hardening of the fatty layer.
  • An essential role for the decay process in the context of the corpse decomposition obviously plays the temperature.
  • This procedure while preserving the dignity of the dead and the filial piety, should guarantee a re-burial to their relatives, which leads to the safe corpse decomposition.
  • the process should also allow the creation of graves in such a way that the burials carried out there ensures a reliable decomposition of the bodies, whether for new burials on rehabilitated graves as well as burials in completely new graves.
  • the cemetery is surrounded with a screen 1 as a first measure on site in order to remove the work to be seen from the public eye, as in FIG. 1 is visible.
  • the grave site is surveyed and the old graves are included in a plan, with all data, who was buried where and when. Afterwards, the graves are dug gently with suitable construction machines, especially with a lighter wheeled or crawler excavator 2.
  • the top layer of the meter is free of mortal remains, because at least on a gravel sole of 1.2m depth or more is usually buried.
  • an assistant 4 stops near the excavator bucket and helps the excavator operator 5 recognize any coffins 3 and remnants 6 encountered in the machine excavation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a burial ground from which the uppermost meter layer was removed by machine and in which now a number of mortal remains 6 of various deceased 7 came to light. These remains were identified on the basis of the previously created site plan and marked with panels 8. Then one grave after another is manually excavated. The grave worker 9 contributes to this a suitable protective clothing and a respirator 10, so as not to be exposed to the putrefaction odors. In addition to the A coffin-like container 11, in which a nonwoven or woven fabric or a degradable plastic film 12 has been knocked out, is provided for sheltering mortal remains. The remnants 6 can then be placed in this lined container 11 labeled with the data of the tomb and ready for temporary storage.
  • FIG. 3 Shown are the mortal remains 6 of a single deceased 7 placed in this casket-like container 11, which was previously knocked out with a natural nonwoven fabric fabric or fabric with a degradable plastic film 12.
  • the container 11 is used for intermediate storage of these mortal remains 6 and the nonwoven or fabric fabric or the plastic film 12 allows hereafter, these mortal remains 6 easy to lift out of the container 11 and re-bury, as will be shown. All found remnants 6 of bodies 7 are thus reburied in this way in a container 11, for the purpose of temporary storage during the period of rehabilitation work until the graves are ready to receive the previously buried again.
  • FIG. 5 It is shown how such a fat wax 7 is reburied in an intermediate storage container 11.
  • the ropes 14 or straps are attached to the bucket and the body 7 is gently lifted by the excavator from his grave and then stored in the container 11, in the previously one Nonwoven fabric, a natural textile fabric or a degradable plastic film 12 has been inserted, with the help of the same body later by hand again from the container 11 can be lifted.
  • the container 11 with the corpse can then be carried by two people in a separate room, where the deceased is stored until his re-burial.
  • a barrack or a tent can be set up for this purpose, which should however be lockable, in order to avoid the entrance of third.
  • the grave system can be further processed purely by machine.
  • the grave is completely excavated, that is, to a depth of 1.5 to 2m created a excavation, as in FIG. 6 is shown.
  • first trenches 15 extending across the pit bottom are excavated and into these seepage pipes 16 are laid.
  • FIG. 7 shows the tomb after the next step.
  • the FIG. 7 shows the tomb after the next step.
  • These pillars 18 may consist of vertically erected concrete pipes, but also in the form of plastic pipes, which are subsequently filled with concrete.
  • Above each row of buttresses 18 four-sided concrete beams 19 are placed.
  • a web 20 is formed on both sides of the rows of graves.
  • This bridge later serves as a gravestone foundation. It makes it easier to later set the gravestones and tombs, and also ensures that they do not get into difficulties as a result of terrain subsidence.
  • Another advantage of such applied webs is the fact that the grave system is later passed by a construction machine, wherein the distance between two webs from each other corresponds to the track width of a smaller tracked or wheeled excavator.
  • the top of the concrete beam 19 should finally be about 10cm to 20cm below the level of the cemetery, preferably 15cm deeper.
  • the concrete beams 19 are then covered with another plate covering or sidewalk gravel.
  • a layer of seepage 21 of at least 30cm thickness was applied to the pit bottom with the seepage pipes 16 to fill the seepage channels 15 to cover the drainage pipes 16.
  • non-rotting filter fabric 22 or fleece covered preferably, for example, with a polyethylene-based geofilter fabric of the Sytec HF 1300 type from Sytec Bausysteme AG, Meriedweg 11, CH-3172 Niederwangen (www.sytec.ch). However, this measure is not absolutely necessary. Then another layer is applied, namely a pebble chippings 23.
  • FIG. 8 shows the ready-prepared, still excavated grave.
  • a reinforcing mesh 24 was designed. This has the function that at the next excavation of the tomb, the used toothless grab bucket of the excavator used can be pulled along the reinforcing mesh 24 and thus much easier a clean and flat pit bottom is obtained.
  • Another function of the net is thus that it defines a pit bottom and it also assumes a protective function for the fleece and the gravel.
  • the burial ground in this state is ready for the re-burial of the previously exhumed and interposed mortal remains. If no such were found or it is a new creation of a tomb, which is otherwise built the same, now the remaining pit volume is filled.
  • This mixture basically consists of a proportion of first humus, secondly concrete gravel and thirdly wood waste or straw. More preferably, this mixture consists of 40 ⁇ 10% by volume of humus, 40 ⁇ 10% by volume of washed concrete gravel and 20 ⁇ 5% by volume of wood waste or straw.
  • the added wood waste in Respect to its volume consist of 1 ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 2 bark mulch and 1 ⁇ 2 to 2/3 of wood chips or wood spreader Isseln.
  • the containers are carried by two workers to the funeral home, and there the remains or old bodies can be lifted by lifting the nonwoven fabric, textile fabric or degradable plastic film 12 from the container and placed together with the same on the reinforcing mesh 24 ,
  • the positions of the individual gravesites are numbered on the concrete girders 19 and transferred the number of each new member in the cemetery plan, so that later the relatives can be oriented, at which point their deceased are re-buried.
  • the burial ground can be filled up, which in turn can be done by machine.
  • the mixture for filling the graves is prepared beforehand in a suitable place like the one in FIG. 10 is shown.
  • the components are transported separately and then processed by a digger to a mixture 28.
  • This mixture consists basically of a proportion of humus 25, concrete gravel 26 and wood waste / straw 27.
  • the best results are when the mixture of 40 ⁇ 10 vol .-% humus, 40 ⁇ 10 vol .-% concrete gravel and 20 ⁇ 5 vol. -% wood waste or straw, wherein the admixed wood waste is composed in relation to its volume of 1 ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 2 bark mulch and 1 ⁇ 2 to 2/3 of wood chips or wood spreader Isseln.
  • This mixture 28 has basically two functions: First, it is well water and air permeable, which is conducive to the decomposition process of buried bodies. Second, this mixture 28 remains loose, so there is no compaction, and thus the water and air permeability is maintained over a long time. Finally is this material 28 easier to dig for later excavation of a new single grave.
  • the pit floor is equipped with drainage pipes 16, which lead into a sewer or septic tank. This takes into account the great importance of reliable and safe drainage of the graves.
  • these drainage pipes 16 and the pit floor are covered with a layer of seepage 21. This ensures that rain and pond water is distributed throughout the pit bed and reliably finds its way into the seepage pipes 16.
  • the seepage layer 21 is covered with a filter fabric or fleece 22.
  • This fabric or fleece 22 acts metering, so that not in heavy rain suddenly large amounts of liquid flushed out, but the drainage takes place kontiniuerlich.
  • this web or nonwoven 22 is covered by a layer of pebble chippings 23, which in turn acts as a counterbalance, so that the liquid, before it penetrates the web or web 22, is distributed throughout the Kiessplitt bed. Then there is a reinforcing steel net 24 on the concrete gravel. This also defines the pit bottom for future new excavations of the tomb.
  • the excavator operator facilitates the net 24 in future excavations to expose the pit bottom clean. For this purpose, he can use a toothless excavator bucket and needs only to pull the reinforcing net 24 along. Finally, it is filled with a mixture 28 of humus 25, concrete gravel 26 and wood waste 27 or straw. The advantages of this mixture 28 have already been explained. If the plant also includes pillars-rows 18, which are sunk in the pit floor and on which the same connecting concrete beams 19 are placed, then the grave system can be used later with construction machinery or other vehicles, without that the earth material is compacted on the actual grave sites thereby. This is important, first of all, to maintain the looseness and thus the water and air permeability of the material, and second, to facilitate later excavations of individual graves.
  • the proposed method allows a rapid, economically favorable and convincing rehabilitation of tombs, which is ensured by the described technical measures that the newly re-stocked skeletons are completely skeletonized within a few years and thus also created space for new burials. It is clear that new burials can be made in this way new burials, so that a floor burial is possible and the decomposition of these superimposed bodies is still ensured.
  • This procedure can be carried out by any contractor on site, even if he has no relevant experience, and will lead to the desired objectives, if it is faithfully carried out according to these specifications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé pour assainir de fosses d'inhumation pour annuler des fosses existantes et pour une nouvelle installation de fosses d'inhumation, caractérisé en ce que:
    1. les fosses existantes sont déblayées et la dépouille mortelle éventuelle (6) est marquée, exhumée et entreposée de façon protégée,
    2. au moins un banc de suintement (21) est appliqué sur la couche de fond de la fosse,
    3. une grille d'acier à béton armé (24) est posée sur le banc de suintement (21),
    4. la dépouille mortelle éventuelle (6) est inhumée sur une feuille en textile, en non-tissé ou en matière plastique (12) dégradable,
    5. la fosse est alors remplie d'un mélange d'humus (25), de gravier à béton (26) et de chutes de bois (27) ou de paille.
  2. Procédé pour assainir de fosses d'inhumation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sous le point 2 dans la revendication 1:
    1. des tuyaux de drainage (16) sont posés sur la couche de fond de la fosse déblayée, et sont connectés à une canalisation ou une fosse de suintement,
    2. une couche de suintement (21) d'une épaisseur d'au moins 30cm est déposée pour recouvrir les tuyaux de drainage (16),
    3. le sable de suintement (21) est recouvert d'un tissu filtrant ou d'un non-tissé filtrant (22),
    4. une couche de gravier concassé (23) est superposée sur le tissu filtrant ou le non-tissé filtrant (22).
  3. Procédé pour assainir de fosses d'inhumation selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sous le point 2 dans la revendication 1:
    1. une rangée de piliers de soutènement (18) est installée des deux côtés des rangées de fosses conçues sur la couche de fond de la fosse, sur lesquels piliers sont posés sont des supports en béton (19) qui connectent lesdits piliers, de manière à ce que le côté supérieur des supports en béton (19) se trouvent 10 à 20 cm en dessous du niveau du terrain, et en ce que des tuyaux de drainage (16) sont posés sur le fond de la fosse déblayée et sont connectés à une canalisation ou une fosse de suintement,
    2. une couche de sable de suintement (21) d'une épaisseur d'au moins 30cm soit déposée pour recouvrir les tuyaux de drainage (16),
    3. le sable de suintement (21) soit recouvert d'un tissu filtrant ou d'un non-tissé filtrant (22),
    4. une couche de gravier concassé (23) soit déposée sur le tissu filtrant ou d'un non-tissé filtrant (22).
  4. Procédé pour assainir de fosses d'inhumation selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sous le point 2 dans la revendication 1:
    1. un tuyau de drainage (16) par rangée de fosses conçues soit posée sur la couche de fond de la fosse déblayée et ledit tuyau soit connecté à une canalisation ou une fosse de suintement,
    2. une couche de sable de suintement (21) selon la spécification 16/32 ou 32/50 d'une épaisseur d'au moins 30 cm soit déposée pour recouvrir les tuyaux de drainage (16),
    3. le sable de suintement (21) soit recouvert d'un tissu filtrant (22),
    4. une couche de gravier concassé (23) selon la spécification 3-6mm ou 4-8mm soit déposée sur le tissu filtrant ou d'un non-tissé filtrant (22),
    la fosse soit remplie selon le point 5 de la revendication 1 d'un mélange de 40 % +/- 10 % en volume d'humus (25), 40%+/-10% en volume de gravier à beton (26) et 20 % ±5 % en volume de chutes de bois (27) ou de paille.
  5. Procédé pour assainir de fosses d'inhumation selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sous le point 5 dans la revendication 1 la fosse soit remplie selon le point 5 de la revendication 1 d'un mélange de 40 % +/- 10 % en volume d'humus (25), 40%+/-10% en volume de gravier à béton (26) et 20 % ±5 % en volume de chutes de bois (27) ou de paille, où les chutes de bois (27) soient composées, par rapport à leur volume, de 1/3 à ½ de mulch d'écorce et de ½ à 2/3 de copeaux de bois.
  6. Installation pour des enterrements composée d'une fosse déblayée et d'un fosse qui est ensuite remplie, caractérisée en ce que la fosse soit construite d'en bas vers le haut, de manière à ce que:
    1. le fond de la fosse soit équipé de tuyaux de drainage (16) qui sont connectés à une canalisation ou une fosse de suintement,
    2. les tuyaux de drainage (16) et le fond de la fosse sont recouverts d'une couche de sable de suintement (21),
    3. la couche de sable de suintement (21) est recouverte d'un tissu filtrant et d'un non-tissé filtrant (22),
    4. le tissu filtrant et le non-tissé filtrant (22) sont recouverts d'une couche de graviers concassés (23),
    5. une grille en acier de renforcement (24) soit déposée sur la couche de sable de suintement,
    6. la fosse soit remplie d'un mélange de humus (25), de gravats à béton (26) et des chutes de bois (27) ou de paille.
  7. Installation pour des enterrements composée d'une fosse déblayée et d'un fosse qui est ensuite remplie selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les bords des rangées de fosses soient marquées par une rangée de piliers de soutènement (18), qui sont enfoncés dans le fond de la fosse et sur lesquels piliers sont posés les supports en béton (19) liant lesdits piliers, de manière à ce que lesdits supports se trouvent avec leurs côtés supérieurs 10 cm à 20 cm en dessous du niveau du terrain.
EP05775747A 2004-09-06 2005-09-02 Procede pour assainir et creer de nouvelles fosses d'inhumation et installation de fosses d'inhumation Active EP1786997B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05775747T PL1786997T3 (pl) 2004-09-06 2005-09-02 Sposób sanitacji i ponownego zakładania grobów ziemnych oraz instalacja do pochówku do ziemi

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CH14692004 2004-09-06
PCT/CH2005/000523 WO2006026881A1 (fr) 2004-09-06 2005-09-02 Procede pour assainir et creer de nouvelles fosses d'inhumation et installation de fosses d'inhumation

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EP1786997A1 EP1786997A1 (fr) 2007-05-23
EP1786997B1 true EP1786997B1 (fr) 2009-07-15

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EP (1) EP1786997B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005007714D1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2006026881A1 (fr)

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NL2012982B1 (nl) * 2014-06-11 2016-06-29 Natuurbegraven Nederland B V Waterkerend grafsysteem en werkwijze voor het plaatsen van een dergelijk waterkerend grafsysteem.

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US3722155A (en) * 1970-11-09 1973-03-27 M Glock Cemetery covered by an artificial turf material
DE19500312C2 (de) * 1995-01-07 1999-10-28 Herbst Ingenieurbuero Fuer Tie Verfahren zum Sanieren von Friedhofsflächen, bei denen zumindest ein unterer Teil der Grabschächte unter dem Wasserspiegel liegt
US5848856A (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-12-15 Invisible Structures, Inc. Subsurface fluid drainage and storage systems
ATE294305T1 (de) * 2001-07-16 2005-05-15 Manfred Dr Hilgart Verfahren zur sanierung von gräbern

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DE502005007714D1 (de) 2009-08-27
WO2006026881A1 (fr) 2006-03-16
PL1786997T3 (pl) 2009-12-31
EP1786997A1 (fr) 2007-05-23

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