EP1786724A1 - Systeme d'intrusion et de collision cation-electrons dans un materiau non-conducteur - Google Patents

Systeme d'intrusion et de collision cation-electrons dans un materiau non-conducteur

Info

Publication number
EP1786724A1
EP1786724A1 EP05778671A EP05778671A EP1786724A1 EP 1786724 A1 EP1786724 A1 EP 1786724A1 EP 05778671 A EP05778671 A EP 05778671A EP 05778671 A EP05778671 A EP 05778671A EP 1786724 A1 EP1786724 A1 EP 1786724A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ion
collision
hydrogen
conductive material
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05778671A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arash Mofakhami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ceram Hyd SA
Original Assignee
Levet Eric
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Levet Eric filed Critical Levet Eric
Publication of EP1786724A1 publication Critical patent/EP1786724A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of particle manipulation by electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the material.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a device for intruding H + ions and electrons inside a non-conductive material to promote their collisions at low energy.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the general principle of electrolysis.
  • a cathode is placed for example in acidified water. Under the effect of an electric current, the H + ions contained in the water are attracted to the cathode. The cathode then gives electrons which form, with the ions H +, hydrogen atoms and then hydrogen molecules. The presence of hydrogen is visible by the emission of bubbles in the liquid. Part of this hydrogen can penetrate by diffusion inside the cathode according to the physicochemical characteristics of said cathodes.
  • the present invention intends among other applications to overcome this disadvantage of the prior art by using the principle of electrolysis to store hydrogen out of conventional reservoirs of gas under pressure.
  • the hydrides of these compounds are synthesized by reaction with hydrogen gas in volumetric banks (Sievert method). These experimental devices make it possible to determine the thermodynamic properties of the hydriding reaction (equilibrium pressure, capacity, enthalpy and formation entropy).
  • the hydrides can also be synthesized in electrochemical reaction by dissociation of the water molecule, a process widely used in Ni-MH type alkaline batteries.
  • the structures of the intermetallic compounds and their hydrides are characterized by X-ray diffraction and neutrons. Their physical properties are studied by magnetic measurements, Môssbauer spectroscopy, X absorption.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to carry out the storage of hydrogen in a non-conductive material (for example crystals or ceramics) either by a hydriding reaction but by the insertion of H + ions within the material. in the presence of a cathode and an electric transfer field (Figure 4).
  • a non-conductive material for example crystals or ceramics
  • the present invention is particularly adapted to the low-energy collision (from some electron volts to a few hundred electron-volts) of at least one H + ion with an electron which under the determined conditions of choice of electric, magnetic and of the non-conducting material makes it possible to create a neutron in order to obtain, for example, a low-energy neutron source
  • the present invention is also particularly adapted to the low energy collision of an H + ion and an electron which, under the determined conditions of choice of Electric, magnetic and non-conductive material fields create a hydrogen atom within a non-conductive material for example to achieve a hydrogen storage unit.
  • the present invention is of the type described above and is remarkable, in its broadest sense, in that it relates to a device for the collision of at least one H + ion and at least one electron from a compound containing hydrogen and at least one cathode, characterized in that it comprises at least one electromagnetic field generator capable of carrying out the extraction of said H + ion of said compound containing hydrogen and transferring said H + ion to said cathode at least one non-conductive material positioned between at least a portion of said hydrogen-containing compound and said cathode, said collision being made within said non-conductive material.
  • said electromagnetic field generator consists of two conductive plates energized.
  • said cathode is merged with one of said conductive plates.
  • said compound containing hydrogen is an electrolytic aqueous acid solution.
  • said hydrogen-containing compound is a solid, gaseous liquid compound or a plasma.
  • said non-conductive material is a ceramic.
  • said non-conductive material consists of at least one ceramic layer.
  • said non-conductive material consists of at least one crystal layer and at least one ceramic layer.
  • said ceramic comprises hexagonal boron nitride (BNh).
  • said non-conductive material covers at least a portion of said cathode.
  • said non-conductive material covers all of said cathode.
  • said non-conductive material prevents any contact between said hydrogen-containing compound and said cathode.
  • the device further comprises an anode.
  • the energy of said H + ion within said nonconductive material is such that said collision causes the manufacture of a neutron.
  • the energy of said H + ion within said nonconductive material is such that said collision results in the production of a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention also relates to a process for producing at least one hydrogen atom from a compound containing hydrogen and at least one cathode, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:
  • the step of extracting at least one H + ion from said hydrogen-containing compound is carried out by means of an electromagnetic field.
  • said step of inserting said proton into said non-conductive material is carried out by ion transfer.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the principle of electrolysis and the production of hydrogen according to the prior art
  • Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 illustrates the intrusion of a hydrogen atom into a crystal mesh.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the mechanism for forming a hydrogen atom inside the non-conductive material as it approaches the cathode plate
  • the device comprises an electric field generator 1 possibly associated with a magnetic field generator, an element 3 of solid, liquid or gaseous type containing in whole or in part of the hydrogen in ionic form, plasma, gaseous, liquid or solid, and a cathode plate 4 so that the non-conductive material 2 is positioned between the cathode plate 4 and the element 3 containing the hydrogen under at least one of forms cited above.
  • the cathode plate 4 and the electromagnetic field generators can be combined into a single element.
  • the general principle of the preceding device is that the electromagnetic field produced by the generator 1 creates, accelerates and orients the H + ions (proton or isotopes relating to hydrogen such as deuteron or tritium) of the various states of the hydrogen content in the element 3.
  • the non-conductive material 2 is oriented in such a way that, under the action of these forces, the H + ions (proton) penetrate inside the material before being in contact with the cathode.
  • the material 2 is non-conductive, the electrons released by the cathode will not pass through the material and join the hydrogen-based compound, which would cause a conventional electrolysis reaction, for example in water.
  • the presence of this material thus serves to "hold" the electrons so that they do not pass into the electrolyte and thus allow to obtain a favorable reaction location between the H + ions and the electrons.
  • the electrons can not join the H + ions under the sole effect of an electric current.
  • the electric field produced by an electric generator then allows these ions H + to go towards the cathode plate via the non-conductive material 2.
  • the cathode plate must have no contact zone with the compound containing hydrogen so as not to cause a reaction within the compound.
  • the device is for example made of a piercing as in Figure 1 to let the H + ions but prohibit any contact between them and the cathode.
  • an insulator preventing for example the ion transport in the air and therefore the loss of electrons for the collision reaction.
  • This insulator may for example be the non-conductive material 2 itself or any other insulating material.
  • the invention does not depend on the type of non-conductive material used.
  • the device is adaptable to a succession of ceramic layers of the same type or of different type, or to a succession of crystal layers, or even to a succession of ceramic and crystal layers.
  • the non-conductive material 2 used is, for example, hexagonal boron nitride BNh having chemical-physical characteristics adapted to contain hydrogen.
  • mesh modeling taking into account the van der Waals radii of the first approximation atoms makes it possible to calculate the real occupation space that is available for hydrogen. This space is well adapted to the Van der Waals radius of atomic or molecular hydrogen.
  • the source of hydrogen 3 is an aqueous H 3 O + solution making it possible to have a sufficient quantity of H + ions. It is for example obtained from sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) by the reaction
  • the H + ions bound to the water molecules by electric forces can be torn off.
  • the electric field E makes it possible, at least statistically, to tear off part of the H + ions (proton) from the aqueous solution.
  • the force obtained by the electric field of the device (10 7 V / m) is theoretically much lower than the binding force H protons in the water.
  • the H + ions being mobile between molecules or aggregates of water molecules it is possible to extract a portion of these ions, even with a force from the lower field to the H bond.
  • the device also contains an anode for neutralizing the medium.
  • anode for neutralizing the medium.
  • the anode by attracting the negatively charged ions SO 4 2 ' then allows a neutralization of the medium favorable to the migration of H + ions for the manufacture of hydrogen.
  • the electromagnetic field is generated by the anode and cathode plates carried at high voltage.
  • the cathode plate (4) can be confused with the high voltage plate (1) corresponding to the direction of travel of the H + ions under the action of the electric field E.
  • the electric field generated by the device then attracts the H + ions inside the ceramic by ion transfer of known type.
  • the H + ion passes through the ceramic to approach the cathode plate. Arrived a few nanometers from the plate cathode, it then turns into hydrogen by capturing an electron from the cathode plate as shown in Figure 3.
  • the ceramic then constitutes a hydrogen storage unit which can for example be used as an energy carrier, for example in a fuel cell.
  • the non-conductive material used in the invention becomes a rechargeable hydrogen reservoir.
  • the hydrogen atoms have a kinetic energy that allows them to pass mesh mesh within the non-conductive material where they are stored.
  • the ceramic thus releases the hydrogen that it contains gradually by diffusion and by heating thanks to the operation of the battery.
  • the diffusion time can also be controlled according to the mesh size of the non-conductive material. The denser the ceramic, the longer the diffusion of hydrogen.
  • the nonconductive material then becomes a neutron source following the collision between low energy protons and electrons emitted by the cathode.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
EP05778671A 2004-06-15 2005-06-15 Systeme d'intrusion et de collision cation-electrons dans un materiau non-conducteur Withdrawn EP1786724A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0406477A FR2871478B1 (fr) 2004-06-15 2004-06-15 Systeme d'intrusion et de collision cation-electrons dans un materiau non conducteur
PCT/FR2005/001499 WO2006003328A1 (fr) 2004-06-15 2005-06-15 Systeme d’intrusion et de collision cation-electrons dans un materiau non-conducteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1786724A1 true EP1786724A1 (fr) 2007-05-23

Family

ID=34946506

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05778671A Withdrawn EP1786724A1 (fr) 2004-06-15 2005-06-15 Systeme d'intrusion et de collision cation-electrons dans un materiau non-conducteur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8083904B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1786724A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4964766B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101010255B (ja)
AU (1) AU2005259043B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2570060A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2871478B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2006003328A1 (ja)

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FR2916906B1 (fr) * 2007-05-28 2009-10-02 Ceram Hyd Soc Par Actions Simp Membrane echangeuse protonique et cellule comportant une telle membrane
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FR2928492B1 (fr) * 2008-03-06 2011-10-21 Ceram Hyd Materiau pour un dispositif electrochimique.
CN102159496B (zh) 2008-07-29 2013-10-02 曳达研究和发展有限公司 化学势能产生系统及方法
US8337766B2 (en) * 2008-11-27 2012-12-25 Hpt (Hydrogen Production Technology) Ag Method and apparatus for an efficient hydrogen production
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2008502568A (ja) 2008-01-31
CN101010255B (zh) 2011-06-29
AU2005259043B2 (en) 2011-03-10
AU2005259043A1 (en) 2006-01-12
CA2570060A1 (fr) 2006-01-12
WO2006003328A1 (fr) 2006-01-12
AU2005259043A2 (en) 2006-01-12
JP4964766B2 (ja) 2012-07-04
US20080160359A1 (en) 2008-07-03
FR2871478A1 (fr) 2005-12-16
US8083904B2 (en) 2011-12-27
CN101010255A (zh) 2007-08-01
FR2871478B1 (fr) 2006-12-22

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