EP1786059B1 - Élément de couplage pour le couplage électromagnétique d' au moins deux lignes d' une ligne de transmission - Google Patents

Élément de couplage pour le couplage électromagnétique d' au moins deux lignes d' une ligne de transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1786059B1
EP1786059B1 EP06023186A EP06023186A EP1786059B1 EP 1786059 B1 EP1786059 B1 EP 1786059B1 EP 06023186 A EP06023186 A EP 06023186A EP 06023186 A EP06023186 A EP 06023186A EP 1786059 B1 EP1786059 B1 EP 1786059B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission line
coupling
coupling element
line
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP06023186A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1786059A1 (fr
Inventor
Samir El Rai
Ralf Dr. Tempel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microchip Technology Munich GmbH
Original Assignee
Atmel Duisburg GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1786059A1 publication Critical patent/EP1786059A1/fr
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmission line with a coupling element for the electromagnetic coupling of at least two conductors of the transmission line, wherein the transmission line is formed differentially.
  • phase shifter for phase shifting for a balanced transmission line having a substantially constant impedance over a range of phase shift.
  • the engagement of plates of a capacitance is variable by rotation.
  • a filter having a coupling element for coupling between two unbalanced transmission lines which has a first strip and a second strip on a dielectric substrate, the ends of which face each other. The ends are connected together with a varactor and a capacitor.
  • Object of the present invention is to improve a transmission line with a coupling element as possible.
  • a differential transmission line with a coupling element in that the coupling element has at least one first leg formed as a transmission line section, which is associated with the first conductor of the differential transmission line for electromagnetic coupling, and a second leg formed as a transmission line section, the second conductor the differential transmission line is assigned to the electromagnetic coupling, and that the at least one discrete component is provided for connecting the first leg to the second leg.
  • the inventive use of trained as a transmission line section legs allows the provision of a capacitive coupling as well as an inductive coupling between the conductors of the transmission line, wherein the respective Coupling can be varied by a corresponding geometric configuration of the transmission line sections in a wide range.
  • the use according to the invention of transmission line sections in the coupling element therefore enables an enlarged tuning range with regard to the electromagnetic coupling of the conductors of the transmission line.
  • the discrete component is designed as a resistive or capacitive component.
  • a discrete component designed as a capacitive component has a controllable capacitance, so that the capacitive coupling between the legs of the Coupling element according to the invention can be determined by adjusting the capacitance of the capacitive device. At the same time, this results in a very advantageous change of the inductive coupling between the legs of the coupling element according to the invention.
  • a controllable resistive component it is possible to influence a current flow between the legs of the coupling element according to the invention, whereby the inductive coupling between the conductors of the transmission line is likewise changed.
  • the discrete component is designed as a capacitance diode or as a transistor, in particular as a field effect transistor.
  • any electrical component for coupling the legs of the coupling element which has a controllable capacitance or a controllable ohmic resistance.
  • a configurable capacitor array (CDAC) can also be used to couple the legs.
  • CDAC configurable capacitor array
  • each leg of the coupling element has at least one first section extending parallel to the first conductor or the second conductor of the transmission line.
  • This first section is used in particular for producing an inductive coupling of the coupling element or the respective leg of the coupling element with that conductor of the transmission line to which the leg of the coupling element in question is associated.
  • the desired degree of coupling can be influenced in a manner known per se by a selection of the distance between the conductor and the first section of the leg of the coupling element, by the length of the first section or by further factors determining the geometry of the coupling element.
  • each leg of the coupling element has at least one second section, preferably perpendicular to the first section.
  • Such perpendicular to the first section extending second sections in turn have an influence on the inductive Coupling of the conductors of the transmission line, but mainly serve to influence the capacitive coupling between the conductors of the transmission line.
  • the second sections extending perpendicularly to the first sections contribute directly to the capacitive coupling of the legs of the coupling element and thus also to the capacitive coupling between the conductors of the transmission line, and on the other hand serve the second sections of the coupling element according to another particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention for contacting the discrete or the components that connect the two legs of the coupling element together.
  • the transmission line according to the invention can have one or more coupling elements and is thus tunable in a wide range with respect to their propagation constant or their characteristic impedance.
  • the transmission line and the coupling element or elements are monolithically integrated into an integrated circuit.
  • the transmission line is arranged in a first metallization of the integrated circuit, and that at least one coupling element is arranged in a further metallization of the integrated circuit.
  • the legs of the coupling element according to the invention directly below or above a conductor to arrange the transmission line realized in another metallization level, whereby, for example, the distance to be provided between the conductors of the transmission line can be reduced and at the same time an additional capacitive coupling component occurs between the leg of the coupling element and the conductor of the transmission line.
  • both the transmission line itself and the coupling element or elements according to the invention in the same metallization level of an integrated circuit, so that in particular the first sections of the legs of the coupling element and the respective conductors of the transmission line a lateral distance from each other exhibit.
  • the coupling element according to the invention can be used both with conventional transmission lines such as microstrip lines or the like, which are arranged on a substrate provided therefor, as well as with transmission lines which are monolithically integrated into integrated circuits.
  • the coupling element according to the invention it is also possible, in contrast to conventional coupling elements, to achieve a co-tunability of an inductive and a capacitive coupling component, whereby a propagation constant of the transmission line provided with the coupling element or elements changes, but not the characteristic impedance of this transmission line. If a transmission line according to the invention is equipped with a sufficient number of coupling elements, the entire section of this transmission line can be changed in the manner described above with respect to its propagation constant.
  • At least one of the legs of the coupling element has a plurality of first sections preferably parallel to a conductor of the transmission line, which can be selectively connected to one another, for example by controllable capacitive or resistive elements Components.
  • first sections preferably parallel to a conductor of the transmission line, which can be selectively connected to one another, for example by controllable capacitive or resistive elements Components.
  • the coupling element according to the invention by an opposite vote of an inductive and a capacitive coupling component given the opportunity, although to change the characteristic impedance of the provided with the coupling element or the transmission line, but not the propagation constant of this transmission line. If a transmission line according to the invention is equipped with a sufficient number of coupling elements, the entire section of this transmission line can be changed in terms of its characteristic impedance in the manner described above.
  • FIG. 1a shows a first embodiment of the coupling element 10a according to the invention, which is arranged between two conductors 20a, 20b of a transmission line to this Electromagnetically coupled to each other and thus to change the properties of the transmission line.
  • the two conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line only those sections are in FIG. 1a and shown in the further figures, which are located directly in the region of the coupling element.
  • the coupling element 10a according to the invention has as shown FIG. 1a can be seen, a first leg 11a, which is associated with the conductor 20a of the transmission line. Furthermore, the coupling element 10a according to the invention has a second leg 11b, which is assigned to the second conductor 20b of the transmission line. Both legs 11a, 11b are designed according to the invention as a transmission line section and thus allow an improved compared to conventional coupling elements inductive and capacitive coupling between the conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line.
  • each leg 11a, 11b of the coupling element 10a has a first section 11a 'or 11b', which is preferably arranged parallel to the first conductor 20a or to the second conductor 20b of the transmission line and thus a particularly good inductive coupling between the coupling element according to the invention 10a and the respective conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line.
  • each leg 11a, 11b at the in FIG. 1a shown embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention two respectively perpendicular to the first and second portion 11a ', 11b' extending second portions 11a ", 11b" on the one hand cause a capacitive coupling between the legs 11a, 11b of the coupling element 10a, and the other for connection of the two legs 11a, 11b or of the respective second sections 11a ", 11b" of both legs 11a, 11b are connected to each other in each case with a capacitive component 12a, 12b.
  • the capacitive components 12a, 12b are controllable capacitive elements such as, for example, capacitance diodes, whose capacitance is reached by applying a corresponding DC voltage to the capacitors Control line 12c can be controlled.
  • both the inductive and the capacitive coupling between the conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line can be achieved solely by changing the capacitance of the controllable capacitors 12a, 12b.
  • the capacitance of the elements 12a, 12b directly also the inductive coupling between the legs 11a, 11b and thus also between the conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line can be influenced, since the change in the capacitance of the AC resistance of the elements 12a, 12b changed accordingly.
  • the capacitive coupling between the legs 11a, 11b also changes. So takes in the in FIG. 1a
  • the capacitive coupling by reducing the capacitance of the elements 12a, 12b also from, so that an overall reduction of the capacitive coupling and the inductive coupling between the conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line results.
  • the characteristic impedance of a transmission line assumed to be lossless is proportional to the root of the quotient between an inductance covering L 'of the transmission line and a capacitance covering C' of the transmission line, that is, Z ⁇ L ' C ' ,
  • the propagation constant ⁇ of the corresponding transmission line section changes according to the formula given above; that is, in the present example, the value of the propagation constant ⁇ decreases while the characteristic impedance Z remains constant.
  • FIG. 1b shows a further embodiment of the coupling element 10b according to the invention
  • the legs 11a, 11b have the same structure as the legs of in FIG. 1a illustrated coupling element 10a.
  • the legs 11a, 11b of the coupling element 10b according to FIG. 1b provided with each other, however, as a field effect transistors 13a, 13b formed controllable resistive elements whose ohmic resistance can be adjusted via a control signal 13c.
  • FIG. 2a Another embodiment of the invention is in FIG. 2a displayed.
  • the coupling element 10c as well as the two embodiments described above on a first portion 11a ', 11b', which extends substantially parallel to the respective conductor 20a, 20b of the transmission line and thus in particular an inductive coupling between the legs 11a, 11b realized.
  • a capacitive coupling between the conductors 20a, 20b and the first sections 11a ', 1 1b ' is also given.
  • each leg 11a, 11b only a second portion 11a ", 11b", which preferably extends approximately perpendicular to the respective first portion 11a ', 11b'.
  • a connection of the second sections 11a ", 11b" is realized by a capacitive element 12a having a controllable capacitance which can be changed by applying a corresponding control voltage to the terminal 12c.
  • FIG. 2b Another variant of the invention is in FIG. 2b displayed.
  • This variant of the invention differs from that in FIG. 2a illustrated embodiment in that the coupling element 10d has a designed as a field effect transistor 13a resistive element with controllable ohmic resistance.
  • FIG. 1b Analogous to the coupling element 10b FIG. 1b can also at the in FIG. 2b illustrated coupling element 10d an inductive coupling of the two legs 11a, 11b are set by the application of a corresponding control signal to the terminal 13c.
  • the coupling element according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously both in conventional transmission lines such as microstrip lines and the like, as well as in integrated circuits monolithically integrated transmission lines.
  • a transmission line according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for the construction of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO), filters and other components which exploit transit-time effects in the propagation of electromagnetic waves on a transmission line.
  • VCO voltage-controlled oscillators
  • the transmission line according to the invention is particularly well suited for the construction of reflection oscillators whose properties can be tuned during the oscillator operation by a corresponding change in the properties of the transmission line.
  • the inventive use of trained as a transmission line section legs 11a, 11b allows - as described - the provision of a capacitive coupling as well as an inductive coupling between the conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line, the respective degree of coupling, inter alia, by a corresponding geometric configuration of the transmission line sections in wide Ranges is changeable.
  • the inventive use of transmission line sections allows Therefore, in the coupling element in comparison with conventional devices enlarged tuning range with respect to the electromagnetic coupling of the conductors 20a, 20b of the transmission line.
  • At least one of the legs 11a, 11b of the coupling element has a plurality of first sections 11a ', preferably parallel to a conductor 20a, 20b of the transmission line, which can be selectively connected to one another, for example by controllable capacitive or resistive components , In this way, predominantly the degree of inductive coupling between the corresponding conductor of the transmission line and the coupling element can be influenced.
  • the propagation constant ⁇ and the characteristic impedance Z of the transmission line can be changed, analogously to the change in a capacitive coupling.
  • the characteristic impedance Z of the provided with the coupling elements or the transmission line but not the propagation constant ⁇ of this transmission line. If a transmission line according to the invention is equipped with a sufficient number of coupling elements, the entire section of this transmission line can be changed in terms of its characteristic impedance in the manner described above.
  • the simultaneous influencing of the characteristic impedance Z and the propagation constant ⁇ of a transmission line is possible by the coupling element according to the invention, as well as the isolated influence either the characteristic impedance Z or the propagation constant ⁇ , which corresponds to the electrical length of the transmission line.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) réalisée sous la forme d'une ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b) comprenant une première ligne (20a) et une deuxième ligne (20b), dans laquelle un élément de couplage (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) est disposé entre la première ligne (20a) et la deuxième ligne (20b) de la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b) pour le couplage électromagnétique de la première ligne (20a) à la deuxième ligne (20b), et qui présente au moins un composant discret (12a, 12b, 13a, 13b), ligne dans laquelle l'élément de couplage (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) présente au moins une première branche (11a) conformée en section de ligne de transmission, associée à la première ligne (20a) de la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b) pour le couplage électromagnétique, et une deuxième branche (11b) conformée en section de ligne de transmission, associée à la deuxième ligne (20b) de la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b) pour le couplage électromagnétique, et dans laquelle l'au moins un composant discret (12a, 12b, 13a, 13b) est prévu pour relier la première branche (11a) à la deuxième branche (11b).
  2. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le composant discret (12a, 12b, 13a, 13b) est réalisé sous la forme d'un composant résistif ou capacitif.
  3. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le composant discret (12a, 12b, 13a, 13b) est réalisé sous la forme d'une diode capacitive ou d'un transistor, plus particulièrement d'un transistor à effet de champ.
  4. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque branche (11a, 11b) présente au moins une première portion (11a', 11b') s'étendant de préférence parallèle à la première ligne (20a) de la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b), ou à la deuxième ligne (20b) de la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b).
  5. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que chaque branche (11a, 11b) présente au moins une deuxième portion (11a", 11b") s'étendant de préférence perpendiculaire à la première portion (11a', 11b').
  6. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième portion (11a") de la première branche (11a) est reliée à la deuxième portion (11b") de la deuxième branche (11b) par l'intermédiaire du composant discret (12a, 12b, 13a, 13b).
  7. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant plusieurs éléments de couplage (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) et qui peut être accordée dans certaines zones en fonction de son coefficient de propagation ou de son impédance caractéristique.
  8. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle plusieurs éléments de couplage (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) sont conçus pour permettre l'accord dans le même sens d'un composant de couplage inductif et d'un composant de couplage capacitif en vue de modifier un coefficient de propagation de la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b).
  9. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle plusieurs éléments de couplage (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) sont conçus pour permettre l'accord en sens opposé d'un composant de couplage inductif ou capacitif en vue de modifier une impédance caractéristique de la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b).
  10. Ligne de transmission (20a, 20b) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la ligne de transmission différentielle (20a, 20b) est disposée dans un premier plan de métallisation d'un circuit intégré, et en ce qu'au moins un élément de couplage (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) est disposé dans un deuxième plan de métallisation du circuit intégré.
EP06023186A 2005-11-15 2006-11-08 Élément de couplage pour le couplage électromagnétique d' au moins deux lignes d' une ligne de transmission Expired - Fee Related EP1786059B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005054348A DE102005054348B3 (de) 2005-11-15 2005-11-15 Kopplungselement zur elektromagnetischen Kopplung von mindestens zwei Leitern einer Transmissionsleitung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1786059A1 EP1786059A1 (fr) 2007-05-16
EP1786059B1 true EP1786059B1 (fr) 2009-03-18

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EP06023186A Expired - Fee Related EP1786059B1 (fr) 2005-11-15 2006-11-08 Élément de couplage pour le couplage électromagnétique d' au moins deux lignes d' une ligne de transmission

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7760047B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1786059B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101060188A (fr)
DE (2) DE102005054348B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012221913A1 (de) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Richtkoppler, insbesondere mit hoher Koppeldämpfung
CN104064847B (zh) * 2014-07-02 2016-04-20 大连海事大学 一种耦合度可调谐微带横跨定向耦合器
KR20180132932A (ko) * 2016-04-29 2018-12-12 스카이워크스 솔루션즈, 인코포레이티드 동조가능한 전자기 커플러 및 이를 사용하는 모듈들 및 디바이스들
WO2017189824A1 (fr) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Coupleur électromagnétique compensé

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2935705A (en) 1956-09-26 1960-05-03 Martin Co Constant impedance balance line phase shifter
CA1097755A (fr) * 1976-02-26 1981-03-17 Mitsuo Makimoto Circuit d'accord electrique
US4763089A (en) * 1987-10-08 1988-08-09 Dalmo Victor, Inc. Microwave multiband filter
JP3951495B2 (ja) * 1999-03-18 2007-08-01 株式会社日立製作所 進行波型電力合成回路及び無線基地局
DE19915246A1 (de) 1999-04-03 2000-10-05 Philips Corp Intellectual Pty Dünnschicht-Breitbandkoppler

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Publication number Publication date
CN101060188A (zh) 2007-10-24
US20070109072A1 (en) 2007-05-17
EP1786059A1 (fr) 2007-05-16
US7760047B2 (en) 2010-07-20
DE102005054348B3 (de) 2007-03-15
DE502006003165D1 (de) 2009-04-30

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