EP1780293B2 - Procédure de fabrication de la matière brute de l'acier par déformer ä chaud - Google Patents

Procédure de fabrication de la matière brute de l'acier par déformer ä chaud Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1780293B2
EP1780293B2 EP06022284.1A EP06022284A EP1780293B2 EP 1780293 B2 EP1780293 B2 EP 1780293B2 EP 06022284 A EP06022284 A EP 06022284A EP 1780293 B2 EP1780293 B2 EP 1780293B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
steels
strength
bainitic
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06022284.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1780293A2 (fr
EP1780293A3 (fr
EP1780293B1 (fr
Inventor
Frauendorfer Robert
Kinsinger Dr. Volker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saarstahl AG
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Saarstahl AG
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Publication date
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Priority to PL06022284T priority Critical patent/PL1780293T3/pl
Publication of EP1780293A2 publication Critical patent/EP1780293A2/fr
Publication of EP1780293A3 publication Critical patent/EP1780293A3/fr
Publication of EP1780293B1 publication Critical patent/EP1780293B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of producing a starting material from steel, for example for producing wire rod and bar steel with high strength and toughness by hot working.
  • the prior art knows a number of methods for producing steel components with high strength and high toughness. Starting from wire rod or bar steel cold forming and thermoforming processes are known.
  • the mechanical properties are set by cold work hardening during forming. To achieve high strength, high degrees of deformation are required. This is at the expense of toughness, so that the cold forming reaches its limits where the toughness of the component as a result of work hardening is no longer sufficient and thus results in an unfavorable strength-toughness ratio.
  • tempered steels according to DIN EN 10083 are used, in which, depending on the thickness of the component, it is possible, via the heat treatment, to set strengths of more than 1000 MPa for fracture constrictions of more than 45%.
  • the ratio of yield strength to strength can be at least 0.8.
  • manganese / silicon dual-phase steels are used to produce cold-formed components of high strength from rolled material State of the art.
  • these steels are not suitable for use with required strengths greater than 1000 MPa and high yield ratio above 0.8; They also require to set a certain initial strength and toughness in the starting material, a thermomechanical hot rolling and a parked on this initial strength cold work or strain hardening, so as to set a microstructure of a ferrite matrix with embedded Martensit and Perlitinseln.
  • High-strength steel components can be produced, starting from hot-rolled starting material, for example wire rod or bar steel, by cold forming and, if appropriate, tempering, also by hot forming.
  • thermoforming parts can be used after forming a heat treatment to adjust the mechanical properties. This is the classic application of tempered steels. However, since they require an additional heat treatment, the already mentioned high costs and the environmental impact arise to avoid this heat treatment, the curing of the forge heat is known. It eliminates heating to austenitizing temperature and quenching. However, low alloyed steels require a final tempering to provide the required performance characteristics, especially the necessary toughness.
  • Another material variant associated with forging heat is the so-called direct-hardening soft-martensitic steels with carbon contents of up to 0.1% and matched chromium, boron and manganese contents, which do not require tempering. These steels contain 0.05% carbon or even 0.10% carbon in the absence of chromium.
  • a disadvantage of these steels is that a high cooling rate is required for adjusting the martensitic microstructure. This requires additional facilities on the Umformaggregat for oil or water quenching, which eat up a part of the cost savings. Furthermore, the high rate of cooling leads to the fact that complex parts or those with large differences in wall thickness tend to delay and the structure and the mechanical properties can be inhomogeneous over the cross section.
  • AFP steels i. precipitation-hardening ferritic-pearlitic steels developed (for example according to DIN EN 10267). These obtain their mechanical properties through a controlled cooling from the thermoforming temperature and the excretion of carbonitrides of the elements titanium, vanadium and niobium. These steels are less prone to distortion than the blacksmiths site or bainite. In comparison to the tempered steels, however, they have a lower yield strength and lower toughness. At strengths of 800 to 1000 MPa only yield strengths of up to 600 MPa are achieved. For applications in the high load range, which require strengths around 1000 MPa at yield strengths above 750 MPa, the conventional AFP steels are therefore unsuitable.
  • This steel needs to develop its mechanical properties only from its forming temperature of 950 to 1250 ° C with a cooling rate of at least 0.2 ° C / s, for example, to be cooled in still air.
  • the analysis specifications and defined parameters during heating to the forming temperature and during cooling must be strictly adhered to.
  • the Japanese patent application 09 263 884 A describes a steel with 0.05 to 0.25% carbon, 1 to 3% manganese, 0.01 to 2% silicon, 0.01 to 0.1% aluminum, 0.0004 to 0.01% calcium, 0, 1 to 2% chromium, 0.05 to 1% copper, 0.1 to 1% molybdenum, 0 to 0.01% nitrogen, 0.005 to 0.05 niobium, 0.05 to 1% nickel, 0.01 to 0 , 12% phosphorus, 0 to 0.01% sulfur, 0.0003 to 0.006% boron, 0.02 to 0.5% titanium, 0 to 0.005% vanadium, 0.01 to 2% tungsten, 0.005 to 0.05 % Zirconium, 0.0004 to 0.01% REM and 95 to 98.9% iron, which is rolled out to hot strip at at least 800 ° C final temperature, then at a cooling rate of at least 30 ° C / sec. cooled to at least 650 ° C and then coiled and is suitable as a
  • U.S. Patent 4,812,182 a bainitic steel containing 0.08 to 0.25% carbon, 0.30 to 1.5% silicon, 2.0 to 3.2% manganese, to 0.20% sulfur, to 1.5% chromium, to 0.025 % Aluminum, 0.0005 to 0.05% boron, to 0.04% titanium, to 0.10% vanadium, but which is molybdenum and nickel free.
  • the Chinese disclosure document describes 1 451 776 a ferritic-bainitic steel containing 0.06 to 0.13% carbon, 0.6 to 1.5% silicon, 1.9 to 2.6% manganese, to 2% chromium, to 0.8% molybdenum, to 1.2 % Nickel, to 0.25% aluminum, to 0.015% boron, to 0.1% titanium, to 0.1% nitrogen and to 0.15% vanadium to 0.15% niobium.
  • the Chinese disclosure document describes 1 477 226 a bainitic or bainitic-martensitic steel containing 0.15 to 0.34% carbon, 0.20 to 2.50% silicon, 1.80 to 3.00% manganese, up to 2.0% chromium, up to 0.50% Molybdenum, to 1.0% nickel, to 0.0040 aluminum, to 0.0040% boron, to 0.12% titanium and to 0.12 niobium, to 0.5% copper, balance iron.
  • the invention is directed to a method with which a high strength and high toughness and a high ratio of yield strength to strength can be achieved without a heat treatment.
  • this can be done with a steel with 0.205% carbon, 0.56% silicon, 1.62% manganese, 0.011% phosphorus, 0.01% sulfur, 0.54% chromium, 0.32% molybdenum, 0.22% Nickel, 0.03% aluminum, 0.0038% boron, 0.036% titanium, 0.002% vanadium, 0.002% niobium, 0.0044% nitrogen, balance iron, including impurities due to melting, by adjusting a martensitic-bainitic structure by mere hot working and controlled cooling.
  • the alloy composition and the cooling rate adjust the mechanical properties.
  • a bainitic-martensitic mixed structure On cooling from the deformation temperature of about 1000 to 1300 ° C, a bainitic-martensitic mixed structure, the proportion of ferrite and perlite should not exceed 10% in total. Cooling from the forming heat with gas, water or oil is possible but not required; In order to adjust the bainitic-martensitic microstructure, cooling on or with air is sufficient. A cooling with moving air is to be preferred, as this ensures the preferred minimum cooling rate of 0.3 ° C / s.
  • the use of static or moving air is preferable to other refrigerants, since the environment is then not contaminated by vapors, no additional auxiliaries such as oil or gas and no disposal units such as filters, tanks and catch basins are required.
  • the cooling rate should be at least 0.3 ° C / s in the temperature range between about 1000 and 610 ° C.
  • the steel then has not only high toughness after cooling from the final temperature of hot working to room temperature, but also high strength. The ratio of yield strength to strength is also high.
  • the inventively cooled from the deformation heat starting material is readily suitable for cold forming.
  • strain hardening tensile strengths of more than 1200 MPa can be achieved at yield strengths above 1050 MPa.
  • the ratio of yield strength to strength is above 0.85.
  • the high toughness shows in Brucheinschnürungsevoke of over 40% and elongation at break over 12%.
  • the mechanical properties are therefore better than those of conventional steels or dual-phase steels. This results in almost the properties of tempered steels, without the need for costly heat treatment.
  • the inventively cooled from the deformation heat starting material is also suitable in turn as a starting material for hot forming.
  • a starting material for hot forming In such - second - hot working again arise the original mechanical properties without the need for quenching in water or oil when the cooling conditions of the invention are met.
  • the tendency to warp is lower because of the milder deterrent conditions.
  • higher strengths and, in particular, significantly higher yield strengths result.
  • precipitation hardening by carbonitrides is not strength-determining for the primary material according to the invention, a larger window results in the setting of the analysis and in particular in the conditions of thermoforming in comparison to newer AFP steels.
  • a steel refined by the LD process was hot-rolled into wire with a diameter of 15 mm from the rolling heat cooled air cooled and then cold-drawn to a final diameter of 14 mm.
  • the steel was made 0.205% carbon 0.56% silicon 1.62% manganese 0.011% phosphorus 0.01% sulfur 0.54% chrome 0.32% molybdenum 0.22% nickel 0.03% aluminum 0.0038% boron 0.036% titanium 0.002% vanadium 0.002% niobium 0.0044% Nitrogen, rest iron including contaminants due to melting.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de matériau de base par thermoformages avec lequel un acier contenant les éléments suivants en pourcentage de poids
    0,205 % de carbone
    0,56 % de silicium
    1,62 % de manganèse
    0,011 % de phosphore
    0,01 % de soufre
    0,54 % de chrome
    0,32 % de molybdène
    0,22 % de nickel
    0,03 % d'aluminium
    0,0038 % de bore
    0,036 % de titane
    0,002 % de vanadium
    0,002 % de niobium
    0,0044 % d'azote,
    le reste étant du fer
    y compris des impuretés dues à la fusion
    de la température de déformation par un refroidissement commandée sur une structure martensique-bainitique, est mis au point.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au cours du refroidissement l'acier est mis au point sur une structure martensique-bainitique avec une teneur en ferrite et perlite de 10 % maximum.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des caractéristiques 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'acier est refroidi de 0,3 °C/s dans la plage entre la température de déformation et 610 °C.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de base est moulé à froid.
  5. Utilisation d'un matériau de base fabriqué selon le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 pour la fabrication de fils à haute résistance, de composants de châssis et de trains roulants de véhicules, de supports de roues, de bras oscillants transversaux, de pivots de fusée et de roue, de vilebrequin, de bielles, de paliers, de stabilisateurs et de raccords.
  6. Utilisation d'un matériau de base fabriqué selon le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 pour la fabrication de pièces forgées.
EP06022284.1A 2005-10-28 2006-10-25 Procédure de fabrication de la matière brute de l'acier par déformer ä chaud Not-in-force EP1780293B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06022284T PL1780293T3 (pl) 2005-10-28 2006-10-25 Sposób wytwarzania materiału wyjściowego ze stali za pomocą obróbki plastycznej na gorąco

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005052069.3A DE102005052069B4 (de) 2005-10-28 2005-10-28 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Vormaterial aus Stahl durch Warmverformen

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1780293A2 EP1780293A2 (fr) 2007-05-02
EP1780293A3 EP1780293A3 (fr) 2007-05-30
EP1780293B1 EP1780293B1 (fr) 2013-09-18
EP1780293B2 true EP1780293B2 (fr) 2017-11-08

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EP06022284.1A Not-in-force EP1780293B2 (fr) 2005-10-28 2006-10-25 Procédure de fabrication de la matière brute de l'acier par déformer ä chaud

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1780293B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005052069B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2439900T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1780293T3 (fr)

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DE102007057421A1 (de) * 2007-08-27 2009-03-05 Georgsmarienhütte Gmbh Stahl zur Herstellung von massiv umgeformten Maschinenbauteilen
DE102008004371A1 (de) * 2008-01-15 2009-07-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bauelement, insbesondere eine Kraftfahrzeugkomponente, aus einem Dualphasen-Stahl
ES2391312T3 (es) 2008-03-10 2012-11-23 Swiss Steel Ag Producto longitudinal laminado en caliente y procedimiento para su fabricación
EP2199422A1 (fr) 2008-12-15 2010-06-23 Swiss Steel AG Acier renforcé à précipitation pauvre en carbone pour des applications de frappe à froid
CN103725954B (zh) * 2013-12-16 2017-01-04 泰州俊宇不锈钢材料有限公司 一种高强度耐腐蚀钢丝及其制造工艺
PL3168312T3 (pl) * 2015-11-16 2019-09-30 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel Gmbh & Co. Kg Stopowa stal konstrukcyjna o strukturze bainitycznej, wytworzony z niej element kuty i sposób wytwarzania elementu kutego
CN112553530B (zh) * 2020-12-04 2022-03-11 安阳钢铁股份有限公司 一种低屈强比700MPa高强度桥梁钢及其制造方法
FR3123659A1 (fr) 2021-06-02 2022-12-09 Ascometal France Holding Sas Pièce en acier mise en forme à chaud et procédé de fabrication
WO2023014332A1 (fr) * 2021-08-04 2023-02-09 Ti̇rsan Kardan Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Acier micro-allié à haute résistance
CN113699452B (zh) * 2021-08-30 2023-03-10 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 一种有轨电车弹性车轮轮箍用钢及其热处理方法和生产方法
DE102022110466A1 (de) 2022-04-29 2023-11-02 Hirschvogel Holding GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Massivumformbauteils und Massivumformbauteil hergestellt mit einem solchen Verfahren
EP4296393A1 (fr) * 2022-06-23 2023-12-27 Saarstahl Aktiengesellschaft Acier allié trempant au bore, en particulier acier pour trempe et revenu

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DE102005052069A1 (de) 2007-05-03
EP1780293A2 (fr) 2007-05-02
ES2439900T3 (es) 2014-01-27
DE102005052069B4 (de) 2015-07-09
EP1780293A3 (fr) 2007-05-30
PL1780293T3 (pl) 2014-03-31
EP1780293B1 (fr) 2013-09-18

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