EP1760837B1 - Connecteur électrique à force d' insertion nulle - Google Patents
Connecteur électrique à force d' insertion nulle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1760837B1 EP1760837B1 EP06017935A EP06017935A EP1760837B1 EP 1760837 B1 EP1760837 B1 EP 1760837B1 EP 06017935 A EP06017935 A EP 06017935A EP 06017935 A EP06017935 A EP 06017935A EP 1760837 B1 EP1760837 B1 EP 1760837B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- contact
- fact
- electrical zero
- socket connector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/15—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure
- H01R13/18—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure with the spring member surrounding the socket
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/193—Means for increasing contact pressure at the end of engagement of coupling part, e.g. zero insertion force or no friction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/40—Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
- H01R13/42—Securing in a demountable manner
- H01R13/436—Securing a plurality of contact members by one locking piece or operation
- H01R13/4364—Insertion of locking piece from the front
- H01R13/4365—Insertion of locking piece from the front comprising a temporary and a final locking position
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical zero-force connector having a surrounding housing, which has receptacles for a plurality of sleeve contacts, wherein the sleeve contacts each have a contact plate forming main body and a relative to the base slidable clamping sleeve, and having an aggregate connection, the sleeve contacts contacting plug pins.
- Zero-force connectors are used in electronic devices for contacting individual modules, flex films and printed circuit boards.
- the term "zero force connector” or “zero force connector” is used because these connector parts can be contacted without effort.
- Connectors are used, for example, in the automotive sector, for example for contacting control units or for connecting the integrated in the dashboard electrical / electronic assemblies to the electrical system.
- the force required to bring together multi-pole complementary connector parts is not insignificant. This is due to the fact that the intended contact a relatively high contact force must be exerted by the sleeve contact on the plug contact inserted therein, so that a secure contact is guaranteed even in different environmental conditions.
- joining aids such as levers have been developed with which two connector parts can be brought into electrical connection with a reasonable force with each other.
- joining aids such as levers
- joining aids In many places within a motor vehicle, in which multipole connector parts must be connected to each other, but is not sufficient installation space available to accommodate a connector part with such a mounting aid or to leave enough space to operate such a mounting aid can.
- the disadvantage here is that a displacement of the activation element can also be done even before the joining of the two connector parts, since the activation takes place by moving elements of the first connector part against each other. Since the connector parts are sometimes exposed to rough mechanical influences before installation, it can happen again and again that the activation element is already in the activated position for individual connectors before installation. This means a more complex installation, since the corresponding connector must be transferred back to the starting position. It was therefore an object to provide a zero-force electrical connector in which this problem does not occur.
- a fixing housing with the surrounding housing in a pre-locking position and in a final locked position can be latched that the aggregate connection when attached to the surrounding housing releases a locking device of the fixing housing on the surrounding housing and transferred the fixing of the Vorrastwolf in the final locked position, said at the same time the clamping sleeves along the base body of the sleeve contacts be moved and the clamping sleeves press the contact blades to the connector pins of the unit connection.
- the idea of the invention is first to connect the base body and the clamping sleeve of the sleeve contact with two mutually immovably arranged housing parts, so that the position of the clamping sleeve is clearly defined relative to the base body by the two housing parts.
- the plug pins When assembling the housing parts with the unit connection, the plug pins are first pushed force-free into the contact blades. Due to the further plug-in movement, the fixation between the two housing parts is released and the two housing parts are displaced relative to each other, at the same time the clamping sleeve is transferred to the main body in the activation position.
- the advantage here is that the activation of the sleeve contacts can be done only when joining with the mating contact.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a surrounding housing (1), which has a peripheral outer wall (10) and inside the housing a receiving area (11) for a plurality of sleeve contacts (2).
- the receiving area (11) is surrounded by a sealing element (12), which seals the interior of the connector part, in particular against a mating connector to be attached, hereinafter also referred to as an aggregate connection.
- a fixing housing (8) is added as an independent housing part via locking elements (14).
- the locking elements (14) of the fixing (8) in two locking recesses (15) of the Umgeophuses (1) can be inserted, whereby the fixing housing (8) relative to the surrounding housing (1) a Vorrast- and can take a final locked position.
- Figures 1 to 3 show the fixing housing (8) in each case in the pre-locking position.
- the surrounding housing (1) two sleeve contacts (2) are inserted from the upper side into the receiving area (11). In other planes than the illustrated sectional plane, the surrounding housing (1) may possibly have further sleeve contact pairs.
- a sleeve contact (2) as a single part shows in two representations, the figure 5.
- the sleeve contact (2) consists of a molded metal base body (4) which is connected to an electrical line (16).
- the electrical line (16) has a metallic conductor (17), which by means of a Crimp connection (20) is electrically and mechanically connected to the base body (4).
- a sealing rubber (18) surrounding the electrical line (16) is fastened to the base body (4) via two bending tabs (19) in the transition region from the line (16) to the base body (4).
- the free end portion of the base body (4) form two integrally formed on the base body (4), adjacent contact blades (3), in the intermediate space (21), not shown flat plug pin can be inserted.
- the ends of the contact blades (3) are each bent to the outside. This is advantageous in three respects, as this firstly in the region of the gap (21) edges are avoided, which could hinder the insertion of a connector pin.
- the rounded ends secondly facilitate the insertion of the sleeve contact in the openings of the receiving area of the housing and thirdly form the bent end portions of the contact blades (3) locking hooks, which are suitable for fastening the sleeve contact (2) in the fixing.
- the clamping sleeve (5) has in the transverse direction a plurality of slot-shaped openings (9), which cause a flat spring characteristic. Furthermore, the clamping sleeve (5) along the base body (4) is arranged displaceably. If the clamping sleeve (5) is located in the area of the contact blades (3), as shown in the subfigure 5b, then the clamping sleeve (5) pushes the contact blades (3) towards each other.
- clamping sleeve (5) If the clamping sleeve (5), however, arranged according to the view in the sub-figure 5a, away from the contact blades (3), act from the clamping sleeve (5) no pressure forces on the contact blades (3).
- the latter arrangement of the clamping sleeve (5) on the base body (4) therefore allows a plug pin force-free in the space (21) inserted between the contact blades (3).
- FIG. 1 shows the beginning of the insertion of two sleeve contacts (2) into the surrounding housing (1).
- the sealing rubbers (18) seated on the sleeve contacts (2) close off the openings against external influences.
- the clamping sleeves (5) of the sleeve contacts (2) lock with latching lugs (22) formed on inner walls of the receiving region (11), recognizable in FIG. 3, and thus fixed on the surrounding housing (1).
- the base body (4) shifts as the sleeve contact (2) continues to slide in, as indicated in FIG , relative to the clamping sleeve (5), until finally the clamping sleeve (5) completely releases the contact blades (3).
- the plug pins (7) which can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 3 belong to an aggregate connection which is not shown in these figures. Of the Aggregate connection is generally connected only after the attachment of the sleeve contacts to the surrounding housing and the fixing housing with the connector thus formed.
- the unit connection (6) opens a detent (24) which fixes the position of the fixing housing (8) relative to the surrounding housing (1), so that when the unit connection (6) is displaced in the direction of the surrounding housing (1) of the unit connection (6) carries the now freely movable fixing housing (8) with it.
- the contact force required for securely contacting the sleeve contacts (2) thus arises due to the adhesion force of the unit connection (6) to the connector part, and only after the connector pins (7) are inserted into the sleeve contacts (2).
- the detent (24) that can be lifted only by the insertion of the unit connection (6) ensures that the sleeve contacts (2) are kept open until the aggregate connection (6) is attached.
- the fully assembled connector parts are shown in FIG.
- the walls of the unit connection (6) are far inserted into the surrounding housing (1), so that they rest on the sealing element (12), whereby the interior of the connector is well protected from harmful environmental influences, especially moisture.
- the latching hook (13) locks with an edge (25) on the outer wall of the Aggregate connection (6), whereby the connector parts (1, 6) are also positively connected to each other.
- the locking element (14) of the fixing housing now engages in the upper recess (15) of the Umgephases (1), so that the fixing housing (8) relative to the surrounding housing (1) has reached its final locked position.
Landscapes
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
Claims (7)
- Connecteur électrique à fiches à force d'insertion nulle avec un boîtier périphérique (1) qui présente des réceptacles pour plusieurs contacts femelles (2),
lesdits contacts femelles (2) présentant chacun un corps de base (4), qui forme des lamelles de contact (3), et une douille de serrage (5), qui peut être déplacée par rapport audit corps de base (4),
et avec un organe de connexion de l'unité (6) qui présente des fiches males (7) qui entrent en contact avec les contacts femelles (2),
caractérisé en ce que
un boitier de fixation (8) peut être encliqueté avec le boîtier périphérique (1) dans une position d'encliquetage préliminaire et dans une position d'encliquetage finale,
l'organe de connexion de l'unité (6), lorsqu'il est assemblé au boîtier périphérique (1), libère un encliquetage entre le dispositif de fixation (8) et le boîtier périphérique (1) et fait passer le dispositif de fixation (8) de la position d'encliquetage préliminaire à la position d'encliquetage finale,
les douilles de serrage (5) étant simultanément poussées le long du corps de base (4) des contacts femelles (2), et les douilles de serrage (5) pressant les lamelles de contact (3) contre les fiches males (7) de l'organe de connexion de l'unité (6). - Connecteur électrique à fiches à force d'insertion nulle selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les douilles de serrage (5) sont encliquetées avec le boîtier périphérique (1) et que les lamelles de contact (3) sont encliquetées avec le boitier de fixation (8).
- Connecteur électrique à fiches à force d'insertion nulle selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les lamelles de contact (3) sont arrondies à leurs extrémités.
- Connecteur électrique à fiches à force d'insertion nulle selon revendication 1 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités des lamelles de contact (3) sont recourbées.
- Connecteur électrique à fiches à force d'insertion nulle selon revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités arrondies des lamelles de contact (3) forment des éléments d'encliquetage qui peuvent être enclenchés dans le boitier de fixation (8).
- Connecteur électrique à fiches à force d'insertion nulle selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la douille de serrage (5) est réalisée sous la forme d'une pièce faisant ressort.
- Connecteur électrique à fiches à force d'insertion nulle selon revendication 1 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la douille de serrage (5) présente des ouvertures en forme de fentes (9).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005040952A DE102005040952A1 (de) | 2005-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | Elektrischer Nullkraftsteckverbinder |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1760837A1 EP1760837A1 (fr) | 2007-03-07 |
EP1760837B1 true EP1760837B1 (fr) | 2008-02-06 |
Family
ID=36968661
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06017935A Not-in-force EP1760837B1 (fr) | 2005-08-30 | 2006-08-29 | Connecteur électrique à force d' insertion nulle |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7232323B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1760837B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4714109B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE385616T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0603849A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE102005040952A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2303301T3 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012002145A1 (de) * | 2012-02-04 | 2013-08-08 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Hülsenkontakt für einen elektrischen Nullkraftsteckverbinder |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004015344A1 (de) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-20 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Elektrisches Nullkraftsteckverbindungsteil |
DE102006060238A1 (de) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Hirschmann Automotive Gmbh | Steckverbindung, bestehend aus einem Stecker sowie einem Kuppler mit einem Kontaktträger und einem Schutzkragen |
WO2008104838A2 (fr) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Fci | Connecteur ayant une grille de fixation avant anti-branchement |
DE102008012925B4 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2012-11-29 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Elektrischer Nullkraftsteckverbinder |
US7563118B1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-07-21 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | High temperature connector |
JP4958185B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-19 | 2012-06-20 | 日本航空電子工業株式会社 | コネクタ及び電子装置 |
DE102009036807B4 (de) | 2009-08-10 | 2011-09-01 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Elektrische Steckverbinderanordnung mit verringerter Steckkraft |
US20110039459A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | Yancey Jerry W | Solderless carbon nanotube and nanowire electrical contacts and methods of use thereof |
DE102009057688A1 (de) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Elektrischer Nullkraftsteckverbinder |
DE102010046277B4 (de) | 2010-09-22 | 2021-12-02 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Elektrischer Nullkraftsteckverbinder |
DE102011111581B4 (de) | 2011-08-20 | 2023-06-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Steckkontaktverbindung, Steckverbindervorrichtung sowie Steckverbinderpaar |
DE102012015568B4 (de) * | 2012-08-08 | 2018-12-20 | Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh | Steckverbinder |
DE102012020767A1 (de) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-04-24 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Elektrischer Nullkraftsteckverbinder |
US20140348581A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-27 | Soucy International Inc. | Mounting System for a Vehicle and Method of Using the Same |
DE102013017507B4 (de) | 2013-10-21 | 2024-06-20 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Steckverbinder |
DE102013022011A1 (de) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Steckverbinderanordnung |
US9472885B2 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-10-18 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Electrical connector assembly with low terminal insertion force |
DE102015104378B4 (de) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-12-01 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Steckerteil, Steckverbindung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Steckerteils |
US9407047B1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-08-02 | Delphi Technologies Inc. | Electrical connector assembly |
CN105572035B (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-08-07 | 上海威克鲍尔通信科技有限公司 | 一种自动检测连接器插拔力的装置 |
EP3400632B1 (fr) * | 2016-01-05 | 2024-02-28 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Continuité de fiche de connecteur électrique |
US10573988B2 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2020-02-25 | Delphi Technologies, Llc | Cable assembly with strain relief |
JP2019212404A (ja) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-12 | 住友電装株式会社 | コネクタ |
US11499467B2 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2022-11-15 | Delphi Technologies Ip Limited | Exhaust sensor with high-temperature terminal |
DE102019133032A1 (de) | 2019-12-04 | 2021-08-12 | Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh | Elektrische Kleinkraft-Kontakteinrichtung sowie elektrischer Kleinkraft-Verbinder |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4008939A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1977-02-22 | Amp Incorporated | Axially cammed housing for low insertion force connector |
US4023881A (en) * | 1975-09-12 | 1977-05-17 | Souriau Et Cie | Connectors |
DE3063010D1 (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1983-06-16 | Bohdan Ulrich | Zero insertion force connector for making a disconnectible electrical connexion |
GB8319019D0 (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1983-08-17 | Amp Gmbh | Electrical edge connector |
US4613193A (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1986-09-23 | Tritec, Inc. | Board-operated electrical connector for printed circuit boards |
JPS62131375A (ja) * | 1985-12-04 | 1987-06-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | イメージの任意角度回転装置 |
JPH01143079A (ja) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-06-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | デジタルテープレコーダ |
JPH02199780A (ja) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-08-08 | Yazaki Corp | 低挿入力端子 |
JP2730274B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-19 | 1998-03-25 | 富士電機株式会社 | 自動販売機の収納室内照明装置 |
JP2833455B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-17 | 1998-12-09 | 住友電装株式会社 | カードエッジコネクタ |
FR2716299B1 (fr) | 1994-02-16 | 1996-04-19 | Framatome Connectors France | Connecteur flottant à verrouillage temporaire et son application au domaine spatial. |
JP3283378B2 (ja) | 1994-06-06 | 2002-05-20 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | 車両用コネクタ配設構造 |
US5915986A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1999-06-29 | Yazaki Corporation | Low coupling force connector |
US5795171A (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-08-18 | Litton Systems, Inc. | All plastic zero insertion force electrical connector |
EP0896397B1 (fr) | 1997-08-08 | 2002-11-20 | Yazaki Corporation | Structure de connexion pour connecteur |
EP0982808A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-01 | Sumitomo Denso Inc. | Structure d'un connecteur électrique escamotable et procédé d'assemblage et de connexion d'une telle structure |
US6083023A (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-07-04 | Yazaki North America, Inc. | Cam actuated low insertion force electrical connector |
JP2000260521A (ja) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-22 | Yazaki Corp | コネクタ |
DE19961591A1 (de) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Mehrpolige elektrische Steckvorrichtung |
US6368129B1 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2002-04-09 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Electrical connector with outer and inner sleeves |
US6217359B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2001-04-17 | Dean Chang | Mobile rack for removable hard disk driver |
US6676428B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2004-01-13 | Burton Technologies, Llc | Securing device for electrical connectors |
US6644995B1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2003-11-11 | Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. | Low insertion force electrical connector |
DE102004015344A1 (de) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-20 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Elektrisches Nullkraftsteckverbindungsteil |
-
2005
- 2005-08-30 DE DE102005040952A patent/DE102005040952A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-08-25 JP JP2006228579A patent/JP4714109B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-29 DE DE502006000331T patent/DE502006000331D1/de active Active
- 2006-08-29 US US11/511,822 patent/US7232323B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-29 AT AT06017935T patent/ATE385616T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-29 EP EP06017935A patent/EP1760837B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-29 ES ES06017935T patent/ES2303301T3/es active Active
- 2006-08-30 BR BRPI0603849-2A patent/BRPI0603849A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012002145A1 (de) * | 2012-02-04 | 2013-08-08 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Hülsenkontakt für einen elektrischen Nullkraftsteckverbinder |
WO2013113886A1 (fr) | 2012-02-04 | 2013-08-08 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Contact femelle pour connecteur électrique à force d'insertion nulle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1760837A1 (fr) | 2007-03-07 |
JP2007066895A (ja) | 2007-03-15 |
US20070049088A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
DE502006000331D1 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
US7232323B2 (en) | 2007-06-19 |
ATE385616T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
DE102005040952A1 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
ES2303301T3 (es) | 2008-08-01 |
JP4714109B2 (ja) | 2011-06-29 |
BRPI0603849A (pt) | 2007-04-27 |
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