EP1757746A2 - Verfahren zum Bauen einer Aussenwand - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Bauen einer Aussenwand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1757746A2
EP1757746A2 EP06076620A EP06076620A EP1757746A2 EP 1757746 A2 EP1757746 A2 EP 1757746A2 EP 06076620 A EP06076620 A EP 06076620A EP 06076620 A EP06076620 A EP 06076620A EP 1757746 A2 EP1757746 A2 EP 1757746A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leaf
building
cavity leaf
frames
inner cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06076620A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1757746A3 (de
Inventor
Derk Rogier Donkervoort
Christianus Petrus Wilhelmus Geurts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Original Assignee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO filed Critical Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Publication of EP1757746A2 publication Critical patent/EP1757746A2/de
Publication of EP1757746A3 publication Critical patent/EP1757746A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B2001/3572—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using templates or jigs to set out buildings or parts thereof

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for building an outer wall of a building to be provided with one ore more frames, which outer wall comprises an inner cavity leaf, a cavity and an outer cavity leaf.
  • the façade of a house determines to a large extent the price (and the quality) of the house and also determines to a large extent the building time of the house.
  • the house-separating walls and bearing end façades provide the floor-bearing function; they are part of the skeleton that is the first to be built.
  • the longitudinal façade of semidetached houses and terraced houses is the most labor-intensive, building time-determining (only after the façade has been made rain- and wind-tight can internal building be started) and costly part of the house.
  • the longitudinal façade includes the most frames, which in the Netherlands are mostly made of tropical hardwood design. Those frames are normally bricked in at an early stage as a semifinished product and only glazed and painted in a late stage, often even after completion, because of the winter break of the painter.
  • the dominant technique of the longitudinal façade involves a structure with a brick-built outer cavity leaf, an air cavity behind it, and an inner cavity leaf (against which insulation material is attached). Constructionally, inter alia in taking up the wind load, inner cavity leaf and outer cavity leaf cooperate.
  • outer cavity leaf mainly brick is chosen, a typically Dutch choice.
  • inner cavity leaf normally stony material is used, often 100 mm thick sand-lime brick blocks or elements, which, compared to the non-bearing inner walls, is a rather costly solution (100 versus 25 Euros per m 2 ).
  • the building process in the Dutch tradition is that the façade is built up from the inside out: first the inner cavity leaf is built (in the prefab variant, it is hoisted-in with the crane and mounted). Against the inner cavity leaf, at the places intended for the purpose, frames are placed (in prefab, the frames are sometimes already mounted in the inner cavity leaf). In the frame openings, often transparent foil is fitted to improve the labor conditions for completion of the building inside. Viewed in time, the placement of the frames proceeds concurrently with the fitting of insulation material against the inner cavity leaf, the fitting of the wall ties and the building of the outer cavity leaf. The craftsmen involved then stand outside, in all weathers, for a part on a (bricklaying) scaffold. Pointing and painting of wooden parts near the gutter are done from the same bricklaying scaffold. As a consequence, the scaffold stands in front of the façade for a relatively long time and impedes accessibility. Hence, all these operations on the façade are weather-dependent and often hinder planning.
  • the object of the present invention is to obviate the above-indicated problems and disadvantages by providing a method for building an outer wall to be provided with one or more frames, which outer wall comprises an inner cavity leaf, a cavity and an outer cavity leaf, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the outer cavity leaf is manufactured from mutually glued bricks, while furthermore, as frames, preferably Kapla frames are used.
  • Figures 1 and 2 schematically show phase 1 of the method according to the invention, Fig. 1 showing the vertical cross section thereof, Fig. 2 the horizontal cross section.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show an outer cavity leaf 1, a temporary window 2, a wooden section 3, a Kapla frame 4, insulation 5, an open cavity 6, an inner cavity leaf 7 and a windowsill/bottom rail 8.
  • Phase 1 Building outer cavity leaf in bricks around a temporary window
  • the bearing construction consisting of house-separating floor-bearing walls and the floor-bearing supporting inner cavity leaves of the end façade
  • the outside brickwork is carried out according to the gluing technique, as a result of which the outer leaf has sufficient strength by itself to take care of the wind-bearing function. Even glued work with open head joints can be used (faster building, price advantage and better ventilation of the later air cavity).
  • the temporary window is relatively cheap and, if so desired, it can be designed in recyclable materials.
  • the temporary window can be placed in several ways. It can be positioned beforehand by the surveyor, or during the bricklaying process (at the moment when the bricklayer is at the height level of the underside of the temporary window). The first method seems to be obvious. What may be opted for, especially in the case of very large frame openings, is a wooden section that transmits the wind load acting on the frame, also definitively, to the superjacent and subjacent floors. See the wooden section in Fig. 2.
  • the bricklayer merely bricks up and does not have any responsibility for the proper position of the later frame in the façade (nor do he and the pointer spill onto it anymore).
  • the bricklayer just as traditionally, stands on the outside of the house, for a part on a bricklaying scaffold. In the glued execution, which is essential here, there is no pointing. As soon as the bricklayer has carried out his work to the required height, the bricklaying scaffold can be removed, unless the contractor wants to use the bricklaying scaffold also for constructing the gutter and wants to use it as a safety provision against falling for the roofer. So there is no pointer involved in the work anymore.
  • the bricklayer provides the end product in a single pass.
  • the gluing work like the traditional brickwork, is in the critical path and is at risk of delay owing to rain and wind.
  • the gluing work starts earlier than traditionally because there is no need to wait for:
  • the gluing work requires less time than traditional bricklaying because:
  • Phase 2 Removing temporary window and installing Kapla frame.
  • the frame is installed. Normally, the temporary window is removed first. From inside, the steel connecting shoes are detached. The temporary window is pulled inside and then comes clear. It is discarded in its entirety to be disassembled and possibly recycled. The frame opening is now ready for the frame to be installed in it.
  • the frames which have been made by the same joinery as the temporary windows (which prevents dimensional errors cropping up), are supplied ready-made. They are glazed, painted, provided with fastenings, any ventilation provisions, sealing straps for airtightness against the later inner leaf and moisture barriers at the future air cavity. There is even a possibility of integrating into the frame the ledge function (normally a separate ledge of baked material which is afterwards mounted under the wooden windowsill).
  • the sill of the frame is then made of plastic concrete, provided with a drip ledge at the front and with a tenon for the connection with the frame wood of the posts of the windows (owing to the tenon, that connection is above the sill and is thus much less exposed to rainwater dripping off).
  • the durability and the quality of the frames are a category better than the quality of the traditional brick-in frames.
  • the frames are supplied on the day when they are mounted, on special racks, with the mounting side facing outwards. This saves a storage operation and prevents storage damage (and vandalism).
  • suction cups are applied to the glass of the frame, at the bottom end.
  • steel shoes are provided which provide for the vertical support. These shoes were also of service in the positioning of the temporary window. In the case of high frames without parapet, a fall-out protection is arranged to protect the fitter.
  • the frames are hoisted into the frame opening with a crane and special (existing) hoisting tools.
  • the fitter is on the inside of the house in front of the frame and can guide the frame by way of the suction cups when it is being hoisted in.
  • the wooden standards from floor to floor provide the stop, and the temporary vertical support is provided by the earlier-described shoes on the vertical standards.
  • the fitter checks the positioning and secures the frame. He disconnects the hoisting tool, so that the crane can proceed to fetch the next frame.
  • the frame is then fine-positioned and secured from the inside with rust-proof braces against the outside brickwork (the braces are first fitted to the frame with woodscrews and then with tap bolts to the outside brickwork).
  • the braces are first fitted to the frame with woodscrews and then with tap bolts to the outside brickwork.
  • Mounting proceeds at a high speed (about 10 minutes per frame). The order of work probably proceeds from one house to the next. Two houses (with 30 to 40 frames) a day can be placed. With brick-in frames, it is impossible to mount the whole house at once because placing the frames proceeds from the bricklaying scaffold. As a consequence, brick-in frames stand on the construction site for a long time and are installed bit by bit. Surveying is thus broken up as well. Surveying and traditional frame installation then take about 60 man-minutes per frame, which implies a considerable saving.
  • the house is wind- and rain-tight.
  • Phase 3 Providing insulation 5 including open cavity 6.
  • the sequential order of building depends on the type of inner wall that has been chosen and especially on whether that inner wall is to be installed before or after the provision of the cement deck floor:
  • the most common inner wall is the gypsum block wall. What is then preferred is a sequential order of building whereby the deck floor is already provided prior to the frames (prevents staining). In that case, insulating starts directly after the frame is mounted. Wall ties are drilled in the inside of the brickwork exactly at the height of the seam in the insulation boards (sheet material or mineral wool). Where necessary, spacers are arranged on the insulation material in order to reliably obtain a continuous air cavity. The insulation boards pass in front of the floors and are tightly fitted against the frame. While traditionally the bricklayer applies insulation there and walls it up immediately, as a result of which a check is difficult and possible only for a short time, there is now sufficient time for inspection; cold bridges can be corrected and air leaks can be remedied.
  • the provision of the insulation is now done from the inside.
  • the fragile insulation boards are not blown to pieces and cannot get wet anymore in the building phase (and so cannot collapse under the moisture weight).
  • the contractor is free to choose who fits the insulation. In any case, this is not the bricklayer.
  • the work can be carried out by the gypsum block fitter, but also by a carpenter or a specialist trained for the purpose.
  • Phase 4 Providing inner cavity leaf and windowsill/bottom rail.
  • the architect and the contractor are free in their choice of the inner cavity leaf. Its wind-bearing function has been eliminated. Accordingly, the function is not any different from that of the normal non-bearing inner walls, except that the inner cavity leaf needs to be finished on one side only.
  • the above-mentioned inner cavity leaves are not only thinner, yielding a gain of space, more square meters on the same parcel, or a house slightly smaller on the outside with savings on the floors, the roof and foundation.
  • the saving of costs on the inner cavity leaf is considerable.
  • the wind-bearing inner cavity leaves cost about 100 Euros (in situ brick construction) to 120-150 Euros (prefab concrete and wooden skeleton) per square meter, while the new choice is between products of between 20 and 30 Euros per square meter. (Terraced house has about 30 m 2 of inner cavity leaf).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP06076620A 2005-08-25 2006-08-25 Verfahren zum Bauen einer Aussenwand Withdrawn EP1757746A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1029807A NL1029807C1 (nl) 2005-08-25 2005-08-25 Methode voor het bouwen van een buitenmuur.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1757746A2 true EP1757746A2 (de) 2007-02-28
EP1757746A3 EP1757746A3 (de) 2011-02-23

Family

ID=37260965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06076620A Withdrawn EP1757746A3 (de) 2005-08-25 2006-08-25 Verfahren zum Bauen einer Aussenwand

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1757746A3 (de)
NL (1) NL1029807C1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH644919A5 (en) * 1979-11-29 1984-08-31 Friedrich Schlatter Heat-insulating wall structure
WO2001048336A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-07-05 Claus Bork Construction element for temporarily closing an opening in a wall in a building being constructed
WO2004079116A1 (de) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-16 Helmut Roitmair Verfahren zum verbinden von bausteinen zur bildung eines bausteinverbundes sowie bausteinverbund

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH644919A5 (en) * 1979-11-29 1984-08-31 Friedrich Schlatter Heat-insulating wall structure
WO2001048336A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-07-05 Claus Bork Construction element for temporarily closing an opening in a wall in a building being constructed
WO2004079116A1 (de) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-16 Helmut Roitmair Verfahren zum verbinden von bausteinen zur bildung eines bausteinverbundes sowie bausteinverbund

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
British Board of Agrément: "ROCKWOOL CAVITY WALL BATTS Certificate No 94/3079, DETAIL SHEET 2, second issue"[Online] 1995, pages 1-3, XP002615073 Rockwool Ltd. Retrieved from the Internet: URL:http://www.just-insulation.com/pdfs/rockwool/RockwoolCavityBBA_3079i1.pdf> [retrieved on 2010-12-22] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1757746A3 (de) 2011-02-23
NL1029807C1 (nl) 2007-02-27

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