Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/22—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with intermeshing pins ; Pin Disk Mills
  • B02C13/24—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with intermeshing pins ; Pin Disk Mills arranged around a vertical axis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
  • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
  • C10L5/36—Shape
  • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
  • C10L5/36—Shape
  • C10L5/366—Powders
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
  • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
  • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
  • B02C2201/063—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or sewage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
  • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
  • C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
  • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
  • C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
  • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
  • C02F11/148—Combined use of inorganic and organic substances, being added in the same treatment step
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and apparatus according to the preambles of the independent claims presented later in this patent application, for producing a useful product formed of fine, separate particles obtained from digestion sludge.
• waste derived from livestock husbandry and for example, waste derived from the food industry, as well as sewage sludge from waste water plants contain a great deal of useful organic and inorganic material which can be used in soil improvement.
• the waste is generally not suitable to be used as such.
• organic/biological waste was usually composted in order to convert it into a usable form. Composting takes a lot of time, and therefore also a lot of space.
• the sludge formed in digestion is usually dried instantly to a dry matter content of 20 - 30%. Drying is typically conducted in screw driers, or by centrifuge.
• the solid waste formed in digestion can be composted to be used as soil- improvement material, which, however, is time-consuming, and also requires much storage space.
• the consistency of the digested sludge poses a problem when it is being composted. Sludge is essentially in a sludge form - a gummy substance that sticks to everything. Therefore, a drying agent should be mixed into the sludge before composting, in order to make the sludge airy.
• the drying agent can be mixed, for example, by adding the sludge to a heap of drying agent and by mixing the heap using a bucket loader.
• the finished mixture is stored in pits which are turned over every now and then. Storage may take years. Mixing with a bucket loader is naturally not an optimal way to mix clumpy material, because this type of composting causes odour problems, as anaerobic reactions continue inside the clumps.
• the purpose of the invention is to present an improved method and apparatus for producing a useful product from the digestion sludge.
• the purpose is thus to cause the consistency of the sludge to change into the most suitable form according to each use.
• the purpose of the invention is also to present a method and apparatus which stops the anaerobic decomposition in the sludge as efficiently as possible.
• a typical method for producing a useful product from the clumpy and dried sludge obtained using biological decomposition, the dry matter content of which sludge is typically 20 - 30% comprises - comminuting (fragmenting) of clumpy sludge into small particles using a grinder, which operates on the principle of a double-action impact mill, - mixing of (dispersing) of the fragmented sludge with air, or with other corresponding oxygenous gas, in order to interrupt or stop altogether the anaerobic reactions taking place in the sludge, and the simultaneous - mixing (dispersing) of inorganic and organic solid material such as sand, ash or bark in the fragmented digestion sludge.
• Digestion sludge clumps are fragmented in a grinder, typically into ⁇ 1 mm-sized particles, even powder-like particles, in which case the whole volume of digestion sludge becomes in contact with air to stop anaerobic activities.
• a necessary amount of air is usually automatically absorbed into the grinder, which operates on the principle of a double-action impact mill, through the sludge feed opening, which stops the anaerobic activity in the fragmented digestion sludge. More air or oxygenous gas can be fed into the device if necessary.
• Inorganic substance such as sand or fly ash
• sand or fly ash is added in the grinder simultaneously with the digestion sludge.
• a dryish material is obtained, the particles of which stay separate and do not reclump.
• sludge which is easy to handle with regard to transport, storage and dosaging.
• the amount of the inorganic substance to be fed depends on the desired consistency of the product. Also, an inorganic substance such as sand and ash, is capable of absorbing humidity. The drier the sludge, the less sand, ash or other additives are needed. The purpose of the useful product determines in part how much and what inorganic substance should and could be added to the digestion sludge.
• Sand is fed to the digestion sludge typically in the proportion of Digestion sludge / sand in the range of 1 / 0.5 - 1 / 4
• ash can be typically fed into the digestion sludge in the proportion of Digestion sludge / ash in the range of 1 / 1 - 1 / 5.
• Ash may even contain toxic substances in which case its use may be limited. Sand is pure, but relatively expensive, which restricts its use. Therefore, mixtures of sand and ash can also be used, if this ensures the most economic solution.
• Some organic substance or drying agent such as bark, peat, wood chips, sticks, straw, or any other organic solid substance which will improve the airiness, can additionally be added to the sludge mixture if desired.
• additional substances such as lime or other substance which influences the pH- value, to the sludge mixture.
• Two or more double-action impact mill-type grinders in sequence can be used in sludge handling if desired.
• An apparatus according to the invention is especially well-suited for use when highly different substances, such as sludges, sand or ash and air must be fed or mixed together simultaneously.
• Figure la shows schematically an apparatus for producing a useful product containing digestion sludge
• Figure lb shows schematically another apparatus according to the invention for producing a useful product containing digestion sludge
• Figure 2 shows schematically a vertical cross-section of an apparatus applied in an embodiment of the invention, equipped with five rings, and operating on the principle of a multi-ring double-action impact mill, taken from the cross-section AA of the apparatus presented in Figure 3;
• Figure 3 shows schematically a horizontal cross-section of an apparatus applied in an embodiment of the invention, and operating on the principle of a multi-ring double-action impact mill, taken from the cross-section BB of the apparatus presented in Figure 2;
• Figure 4 shows a top-side view of one ring of the rotor presented in Figures 2 - 3;
• Figure 5 shows schematically a cross-section of an apparatus according to Figure 2, applied in an embodiment of the invention in which a rotor pair has an open outermost ring;
• Figure 6 shows the clumpy digestion sludge obtained in digestion
• Figure 7 shows the useful product produced according to the invention.
• FIG 1 shows schematically an apparatus 10, which is used to produce a useful product containing digestion sludge.
• the apparatus 10 is a known effective grinder, operating on the principle of a double-action impact mill, which has been previously presented in Finnish patent publications FI-105699 B and FI-105112 B and PCT publication WO-96/18454.
• Dried digested sludge 12 which is dried to the 20 - 30% dry matter content, and which is typically a clumpy mixture, is fed into the apparatus 10.
• the digestion sludge is ground in the apparatus into a fine powder-like substance, which exits from the apparatus through the discharge opening 14.
• Air 16 is mixed with the sludge in the apparatus 10. Air flows into the apparatus automatically, unless the apparatus is closed and air flow is blocked. The air ensures that the anaerobic reactions in the digestion sludge stop.
• different inorganic substances such as sand or ash, can be mixed in the digestion sludge through the connection pipe 18.
• the sludge mixture discharged from the apparatus is suitable for several different uses. The consistency of the mixture is such that the mixture is easy to handle and transport. It is no longer sticky or clumpy.
• Figure lb presents an alternative solution according to the invention for producing a useful product.
• This solution uses two grinders/mixers operating on the principle of a double-action impact mill.
• the first apparatus 10 operates, according to the apparatus presented in Figure 1, as a grinder of the clumpy digested sludge.
• the sludge mixture 14, discharged from the first apparatus 10 is fed to another apparatus 10', operating on the principle of a double-action impact mill, which can primarily operate, for example, as a mixer, in which more inorganic substance 18, such as sand or ash, or other additional substances 18', or more digestion sludge, according to the need, can be added to the ground digestion sludge mixture.
• Figures 2 and 3 present a typical apparatus 10 applied in an embodiment of the invention, by which dried, clumpy digested sludge is fragmented (ground) into small particles which can be mixed (dispersed) with air so that the anaerobic reactions which are still on-going in the sludge clumps stop.
• the apparatus is a centrifugal mixer operating on the principle of a double-action impact mill or pin mill.
• the apparatus shown in Figures 2 and 3 comprises two coaxial rotors 20 and 22 which rotate in opposite directions.
• One of the rotors could be a stator, or it could rotate in the same direction as the first rotor, but clearly at a different speed. It is very important that the speed difference between the rotors be relatively great.
• blades 26, 26' and 26" have been mounted on three rings 24, 24' and 24".
• blades 30 and 30' have been mounted on rings 28 and 28' in the same way.
• the rotors may have more or fewer rings or blades than presented in the figures, depending on the case.
• the blades 26, 26' and 26" of the rings of the first rotor 20 are advantageously supported not only on the frame 32 of the rotor 20, but also on the lower part of the ring-shaped support elements 34', as presented in the example in Figure 4.
• the support element of each ring is radially essentially only the same size as the blade.
• Figure 4 shows a section of the rotor 20 at the ring 24'.
• the digested sludge 12 is fed into the apparatus 10 through the feed opening 36 located in the rotor hub.
• Blades 26, 26' and 26" have impact surfaces a, a' and a" on the front side of their direction of motion, indicated by the arrows.
• blades 30 and 30' have impact surfaces b, b' on the front side of their direction of motion.
• the digestion sludge fed into the apparatus collides first with the impact surfaces a of blades 24, which fling the sludge diagonally outward so that the sludge encounters the impact surfaces b of the blades 30, rotating in opposite directions, and drifts diagonally outward in the other direction.
• the sludge is flung from ring to ring, towards the outermost ring 40 of the rotors, from where the sludge exits through the discharge opening 38.
• the sludge and other optional substance collide with the impact surfaces in question with high kinetic energy when travelling through each ring.
• the space 44 between the outermost ring 24" and the housing wall 42 forms an open ring-shaped or cylindrical chute which opens up towards the rotors and along which the treated material, which has travelled through the rings, is chanelled to the discharge opening of the housing. It is possible to connect a motor-driven discharge screw tangentially to the discharge opening, for further transport of the treated material.
• the cross-section profile of the blades 26, 26', 26", 30, 30' in Figures 2 - 4 is rectangular, and turned so that the impact surfaces of the blades are radially oriented.
• the impact surface of one or more blades may deviate from the radial orientation.
• the cross-section profile of the blades may naturally differ from the rectangular shape, for example, they may be triangular.
• the rings formed by the impact surfaces are located at a slight horizontal distance L from each other. This distance may be the same between all adjacent rings, typically about 2 - 4 mm. On the other hand, the distance L between the rings may decrease in the direction from the center of the device outwards, for example, the distance may be > 3 mm between the inner rings, and ⁇ 1 mm between the outer rings.
• the space between the blades, a, a', a" or b, b', the distance S, is advantageously much smaller at the outer rings 24", 30' than at the inner rings 24, 30.
• the distance S may also be the same.
• a great distance between the blades on the inner rings makes it possible to feed material flows into the apparatus which contain relatively large, even coarse clumps, agglomerates.
• the small distance S at the outer rings enables efficient grinding of clumps, agglomerates.
• a substantial advantage is achieved when the number of blades and the distances between the rings, i.e. the so-called tightness, can be selected according to the need.
• the distance between both the rings and the blades can be arranged to decrease towards the outer ring, whereupon the clumps etc. being fragmented are packed into an increasingly tight space as they flow towards the outer ring, which makes fragmentation more effective.
• Figure 5 presents a variation of the apparatus shown in Figures 2 - 3.
• Figure 5 illustrates an apparatus in which the housing walls 42' are located at a distance from the outermost ring 24" of the rotors, creating a wide space 48 between the rotors and the housing walls, into which the sludge is flung from the impact surfaces a" of the blades of the outermost ring. Some of the sludge can freely fall down to the funnel- shaped bottom 50 of the housing, while some is flung against the housing walls 42 and flows down along the walls towards the discharge opening 52 located in the funnel-shaped bottom.
• a useful product produced using a method and apparatus according to the invention is specifically meant a final product which can be used without composting, as soil-improvement material, plant beds, road beds, base or cover material for waste disposal sites or as fuel in a cement kiln.
• Digestion sludge to which ash has been added, is well-suited for use as fuel in a cement kiln, because it still contains large amounts of burning material.
• the possible toxic substances of ash disintegrate at the kiln's high temperature of 1450 °C. Possible remaining toxic substances do not cause any harm in cement or concrete, from where they cannot escape.
• Substances other than ash and sand can be used in the sludge as an inorganic, mineral binding agent. For example, waste plaster or stone dust or other industrial dust, obtained, for example, from purification of combustion gases, can be mixed into the sludge.
• Figure 6 presents an image of untreated, partly dried digestion sludge.
• Figure 7 shows an image of a loose and easy-to-use useful product, the particle size of which is less than 1 mm, produced from the digestion sludge and ash according to the invention.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-06-14 FI FI20040819A patent/FI119475B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2005
  • 2005-06-03 WO PCT/FI2005/000256 patent/WO2005121033A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-06-03 EP EP20050748650 patent/EP1756015A1/en not_active Withdrawn

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