EP1749785B1 - Contrôleur d'élévateur - Google Patents

Contrôleur d'élévateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1749785B1
EP1749785B1 EP04735104A EP04735104A EP1749785B1 EP 1749785 B1 EP1749785 B1 EP 1749785B1 EP 04735104 A EP04735104 A EP 04735104A EP 04735104 A EP04735104 A EP 04735104A EP 1749785 B1 EP1749785 B1 EP 1749785B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
car
actuator
speed
braking
upward movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04735104A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
EP1749785A4 (fr
EP1749785A1 (fr
Inventor
Tsunehiro Mitsubishi Denki K. K. HIGASHINAKA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Publication of EP1749785A1 publication Critical patent/EP1749785A1/fr
Publication of EP1749785A4 publication Critical patent/EP1749785A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1749785B1 publication Critical patent/EP1749785B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
    • B66B5/22—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by means of linearly-movable wedges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/06—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed electrical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an elevator apparatus in which an elevator car is raised and lowered in a hoistway while being guided by a car guide rail.
  • a safety device when the traveling speed of a car reaches an abnormal speed, a safety device is actuated by a governor to thereby bring the car to an emergency stop. More specifically, when the abnormal speed of the car is detected by the governor, a governor rope is held by a rope gripping device incorporated into the governor, and the safety device is actuated through the intermediation of a safety link mounted in the car.
  • WO 03/070615 Al discloses an emergency stop device for use in an elevator.
  • two wedge members are driven by springs so as to engage with the guide rail.
  • the operation force for actuating the safety device is transmitted mechanically, so it takes a while until the safety device is actuated after the detection of an abnormal speed, with the result that the braking distance the car travels until it comes to a stop increases.
  • the present invention has been made with a view to solving the above-mentioned problems, and therefore it is an object of the present invention to provide an elevator apparatus capable of reducing the time required for bringing the car to a stop after detecting an abnormal speed.
  • an elevator apparatus comprising: a car that is raised and lowered in a hoistway; a car guide rail for guiding raising and lowering of the car; a speed monitoring portion that generates an abnormality detection signal when a speed of the car being raised reaches a set overspeed; and an upward movement safety device mounted in the car and having an actuator that is driven depending on whether or not the abnormality detection signal is generated, and a braking member that is operated by the actuator, the upward movement safety device causing the braking member to be engaged with the car guide rail to stop upward movement of the car when the abnormality detection signal is generated, characterized in that when the speed monitoring portion generates the abnormality detection signal, the brake member falls by its own weight to be engaged with the car guide rail.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an elevator apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a pair of car guide rails 2 are disposed in a hoistway 1.
  • a car 3 is raised and lowered in the hoistway 1 while being guided by the car guide rails 2.
  • the car 3 is suspended in the hoistway 1 together with a counterweight (not shown) by means of a plurality of main ropes (not shown).
  • the main ropes are wound around a drive sheave of a drive device (not shown).
  • the car 3 and the counterweight are raised and lowered in the hoistway 1 by the drive force of the drive device.
  • a pair of upper car guide shoes 4 that engage with the car guide rails 2.
  • a pair of lower car guide shoes 5 that engage with the car guide rails 2.
  • a pair of upward movement safety devices 6 for bringing the car 3 being raised to an emergency stop.
  • a pair of downward movement safety devices 7 for bringing the car 3 being lowered to an emergency stop.
  • a speed monitoring portion 8 monitors whether or not the speed of the car 3 has reached a set overspeed (abnormal speed) that is set in advance.
  • the speed monitoring portion 8 is provided with a position detecting portion 9 that detects the position of the car 3, a speed detecting portion 10 that detects the speed of the car 3, and an abnormal speed determining portion 11 that performs a comparison between the set overspeed and the car speed.
  • a signal from a sensor 12 is input to the position detecting portion 9.
  • the sensor 12 generates a signal in accordance with the amount of movement of the car 3.
  • the position detecting portion 9 obtains the car position based on the signal from the sensor 12.
  • the speed detecting portion 10 obtains the car speed based on the amount of change over time in the car position.
  • an encoder that outputs a pulse signal according to the rotation of a governor sheave (not shown) can be used.
  • the car 3 may be mounted with a detection roller that rolls along each of the car guide rails 2 so that the encoder outputs a pulse signal according to the rotation of the detection roller.
  • various sensors may be used as the sensor 12 as long as they generate a signal for detecting the position and speed of the car 3, for example, a distance sensor generating a signal in accordance with the distance to the car 3, or the like.
  • the speed monitoring portion 8 is composed specifically of a microcomputer. That is, the speed monitoring portion 8 has a CPU (processing portion), a RAM, a ROM (storage portion), a timer, and the like.
  • the CPU executes computation processing for obtaining the car position and car speed, computation processing of comparing the car speed with the set overspeed, and the like.
  • the RAM stores computation data.
  • the ROM stores a program for obtaining the car speed and car position for comparison with the set overspeed.
  • the CPU executes computation processing based on the program stored in the ROM.
  • a speed monitoring program is repeatedly executed at each predetermined computation cycle (for example, 5 msec).
  • an abnormality detection signal is output to upward movement emergency stop actuating means 13 or downward movement emergency stop actuating means 14.
  • the upward movement emergency stop actuating means 13 or the downward movement emergency stop actuating means 14 are thus actuated, thereby bringing the car 3 to an emergency stop.
  • the speed monitoring portion 8 and the emergency stop actuating means 13, 14 may be provided inside a control panel (not shown) for controlling the normal operation of the car 3 or may be provided separately from the control panel. Further, the speed monitoring portion 8 and the emergency stop actuating means 13, 14 may also be mounted in the car 3.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing set overspeed patterns stored in the abnormal speed determining portion 11 shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the speed pattern of the car 3 is a normal speed pattern 115.
  • a first set overspeed pattern 116 is set to be higher in value than the normal speed pattern 115.
  • a second set overspeed pattern 117 is set to be even higher in value than the first overspeed pattern 116.
  • the first and second set overspeed patterns 116, 117 are each set at a substantially equal interval from the normal speed pattern 115 over the entire hoisting stroke. That is, the set overspeed patterns 116, 117 change according to the car position. Specifically, each set overspeed becomes lower with increasing proximity to the terminal floor. Accordingly, the car speed that is judged to be abnormal is lower near the terminal floor than in the vicinity of the intermediate floor.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view showing the upward movement safety device 6 shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 is a side view showing a state in which braking is applied by the upward movement safety device 6 shown in Fig. 3
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V-V of Fig. 3 .
  • an emergency stop frame 15 is fixed on top of an upper beam of the car 3.
  • a pair of guide surfaces 15a, 15b are formed in a tapered shape so that its distance to the car guide rail 2 increases toward the upper side.
  • a pair of wedge members (braking members) 16 are arranged in between each of the guide surfaces 15a, 15b and the car guide rail 2.
  • Each wedge member 16 is displaceable between a normal position shown in Fig. 3 and a braking position shown in Fig. 4 .
  • a predetermined gap is maintained between each wedge member 16 and a side surface of the car guide rail 2.
  • each wedge member 16 is in abutment with the side surface of the car guide rail 2.
  • An actuator 17 is arranged above the emergency stop frame 15. The actuator 17 is driven depending on whether or not an abnormality detection signal is generated by the abnormal speed determining portion 11.
  • the actuator 17 has a movable portion 18 that engages with the upper end portion of the wedge member 16, and an electromagnetic solenoid portion 19 that drives the movable portion 18.
  • a spring bearing 20 is fixed to an upper portion of the actuator 17.
  • an auxiliary spring 21 for urging the wedge member 16 toward the braking position.
  • the auxiliary spring 21 serves as back-up urging means for forcibly displacing the wedge member 16 into the braking position when the wedge member 16 does not fall by its own weight alone due to rust or the like.
  • each of the guide surfaces 15a, 15b and each wedge member 16 is a guide roller device 22 ( Fig. 5 ) for smoothly displacing the wedge member 16 into the braking position.
  • the car speed is monitored by the speed monitoring portion 8.
  • the wedge member 16 is held in the normal position where the wedge member 16 is separated from the car guide rail 2.
  • the passage of electric current through the drive device is cut off, and braking is applied to the rotation of the drive sheave by the brake device of the drive device. The car 3 is thus brought to a sudden stop.
  • an abnormality detection signal is output to the upward movement emergency stop actuating means 13 or the downward movement emergency stop actuating means 14, so the car 3 is brought to an emergency stop by the upward movement safety device 6 or the downward movement safety device 7.
  • the car 3 is slightly lowered to release the wedging of the wedge member 16, causing the upper end portion of the wedge member 16 to be engaged with the movable portion 18. It should be noted that when the passage of electric current through the actuator 17 is cut off, the movable portion 18 returns to the normal position as shown in Fig. 3 due to the spring force of a return spring (not shown) built in the actuator 17.
  • a command signal is output to the actuator 17 of the upward movement safety device 6 upon detecting an abnormal speed, so there is hardly any mechanical transmission of the operation force, thus making it possible to reduce the time it takes to bring the car 3 to a stop after the detection of the abnormal speed. As a result, the braking distance can also be reduced.
  • the wedge member 16 falls into the braking position by its own weight, thus making it possible to achieve a simplified structure.
  • auxiliary spring 21 enables an increase in the operation speed of the braking operation, and also an improvement in the reliability and stability of the braking operation.
  • the set overspeed is set to be smaller near the terminal floor than in the vicinity of the intermediate floor, whereby the braking distance can be further reduced. Further, it is possible to achieve not only reduced buffer size but also reduced pit depth and overhead dimension.
  • the movable portion 18 While in Embodiment 1 the engagement of the movable portion 18 with the wedge member 16 is released upon exciting the electromagnetic solenoid portion 19, the movable portion 18 may, conversely, be displaced by a spring or the like when the passage of electric current through the electromagnetic solenoid portion 19 is cut off to thereby release the engagement of the movable portion 18 with the wedge member 16.
  • Fig. 6 is a side view showing an upward movement safety device of an elevator apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a side view showing a state in which braking is applied by the upward movement safety device shown in Fig. 6 .
  • the actuator 17 is disposed on top of the car 3 so as to be placed by the side of the emergency stop frame 15.
  • the movable portion of the actuator 17 is connected to the upper end portion of the wedge member 16 through the intermediation of a lever type connecting mechanism 23.
  • the actuator 17 has a built-in urging spring (not shown) for urging the movable portion 18 to the both sides of the neutral point thereof.
  • a disc spring is used as the urging spring, for example.
  • the electromagnetic solenoid portion 19 is excited to displace the movable portion 18 in the rightward direction as seen in the drawing.
  • the movable portion 18 is displaced into the braking position at a stroke by the spring force of the urging spring.
  • the lever type connecting mechanism 23 is rocked about a shaft 23a in the counter-clockwise direction as seen in the drawing, causing the wedge member 16 to return to the braking position.
  • Embodiment 2 is of substantially the same construction as Embodiment 1.
  • the operation of returning the upward movement safety device 6 to the normal state can be effected by means of a command from a remote location, thereby making it possible to achieve improved workability. Further, an operation test or the like can be easily carried out on the upward movement safety device 6.
  • the actuator 17 and the wedge member 16 are connected to each other through the lever type connecting mechanism 23, whereby the displacement of the movable portion 18 can be transmitted to the wedge member 16 while being magnified.
  • the actuator used has the built-in urging spring
  • the actuator may be one which displaces the movable portion solely by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic solenoid portion.
  • Fig. 8 is a side view showing an upward movement safety device of an elevator apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • Fig. 9 is a side view showing a state in which braking is applied by the upward movement safety device shown in Fig. 8
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line X-X of Fig. 8 .
  • the actuator 17 is disposed on top of the car 3 so as to be spaced apart from the emergency stop frame 15.
  • a movable pulley supporting member 24 is fixed to the movable portion 18.
  • the movable pulley supporting member 24 is provided with a plurality of movable pulleys 25.
  • the movable pulleys 25 are arranged symmetrically on both side surfaces of the movable pulley supporting member 24.
  • a stationary pulley supporting member 26 opposed to the movable pulley supporting member 24 is fixed to a position on top of the car 3 between the emergency stop frame 15 and the actuator 17.
  • the stationary pulley supporting member 26 is provided with a plurality of stationary pulleys 27.
  • the stationary pulleys 27 are arranged symmetrically on both side surfaces of the stationary pulley supporting member 26.
  • Wires 28 are alternately wound around the movable pulleys 25 and the stationary pulleys 27 respectively arranged on one sides of the pulley supporting members 24, 26.
  • the wires 28 are also wound alternately around the movable pulleys 25 and the stationary pulleys 27 respectively arranged on the other sides of the pulley supporting members 24, 26.
  • Each wire 28 has a first end portion 28a connected to the stationary pulley supporting member 26, and a second end portion 28b connected to an upper end portion of the wedge member 16.
  • Embodiment 2 is of substantially the same construction as Embodiment 1.
  • the wedge member 16 When displaced into the braking position, the wedge member 16 is wedged in between each of the guide surfaces 15a, 15b and the car guide rail 2 as the car 3 moves upwards. The car 3 is thus brought to an emergency stop.
  • the operation of returning the upward movement safety device 6 to the normal state can also be effected by means of a command from a remote location, thereby making it possible to achieve improved workability. Further, an operation test or the like can be easily carried out on the upward movement safety device 6.
  • the wire 28 for transmitting the operation force of the actuator 17 to the wedge member 16 is alternately wound around the movable pulley 25 and the stationary pulley 27, and the distance between the movable pulley 25 and the stationary pulley 27 changes, whereby the displacement of the movable portion 18 of the actuator 17 can be transmitted to the wedge member 16 while being sufficiently magnified.
  • the set overspeed may be constant irrespective of the car position.
  • the actuator is not limited to an electromagnetic actuator; for example, various actuators may be used as long as they are driven depending on whether or not an abnormality detection is generated, such as a motor, linear motor, hydraulic cylinder, or air cylinder having a rotary shaft.
  • the signal to be transferred between the speed monitoring portion and the upward movement safety device is not limited to an electrical signal but may be, for example, a light signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

Contrôleur d'élévateur comprenant une section pour piloter la vitesse de déplacement d'une cage. La section de commande de vitesse génère un signal de détection d'anormalité si la vitesse ascendante de la cage atteint une vitesse supérieure préréglée. La cage présente un dispositif d'arrêt d'urgence de direction ascendante pour stopper l'élévation de la cage au moment de la génération du signal de détection d'anormalité. Le dispositif d'arrêt d'urgence de direction ascendante comprend un actionneur entraîné en réponse à la génération d'un signal de détection d'anormalité, et un organe de freinage actionné par l'actionneur.

Claims (6)

  1. Appareil d'ascenseur comprenant :
    une cabine (3) qui monte et descend dans une gaine (1) ;
    un rail-guide de cabine (2) pour guider la montée et la descente de la cabine (3) ;
    une portion de surveillance de la vitesse (8) qui génère un signal de détection d'anomalie lorsqu'une vitesse de la cabine (3) montante atteint une survitesse établie ; et
    un dispositif de sécurité de mouvement vers le haut (6) monté dans la cabine (3) et ayant un actionneur (17) qui est entraîné suivant si le signal de détection d'anomalie est généré ou non, et un organe de freinage (16) qui est actionné par l'actionneur (17), le dispositif de sécurité de mouvement vers le haut (6) provoquant l'engagement de l'organe de freinage (16) avec le guide-rail de cabine (2) pour arrêter le mouvement vers le haut de la cabine (3) lorsque le signal de détection d'anomalie est généré,
    caractérisé en ce que lorsque la portion de surveillance de la vitesse (8) génère le signal de détection d'anomalie, l'organe de freinage (16) chute par son propre poids pour être engagé avec le rail-guide de cabine (2).
  2. Appareil d'ascenseur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un modèle de survitesse établie qui change en fonction d'une position de la cabine est établi dans la portion de surveillance de la vitesse (8).
  3. Appareil d'ascenseur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif de sécurité de mouvement vers le haut (6) comprend un ressort auxiliaire (21) pour assister la chute de l'organe de freinage (16).
  4. Appareil d'ascenseur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'organe de freinage (16) est déplaçable par une force motrice de l'actionneur (17) entre une position de freinage dans laquelle l'organe de freinage (16) est engagé avec le guide-rail de cabine (2) et une position normale dans laquelle l'organe de freinage (16) est séparé du guide-rail de cabine (2).
  5. Appareil d'ascenseur selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'actionneur (17) est raccordé à l'organe de freinage (16) par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme de raccordement de type levier (23).
  6. Appareil d'ascenseur selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    un organe de support de poulie stationnaire (26) ;
    une pluralité de poulies stationnaires (27) équipant l'organe de support de poulie stationnaire (26) ;
    un organe de support de poulie mobile (24) dont la distance à l'organe de poulie stationnaire (26) peut être modifiée en fonction d'une force motrice de l'actionneur (17) ;
    une pluralité de poulies mobiles (25) équipant l'organe de support de poulie mobile (24) ; et
    un câble (28) enroulé de façon alternée autour des poulies stationnaires (27) et des poulies mobiles (25), et raccordé à l'organe de freinage (16), pour transmettre un déplacement de l'organe de support de poulie mobile (24) par l'actionneur (17) à l'organe de freinage (16) lors d'un agrandissement du déplacement.
EP04735104A 2004-05-27 2004-05-27 Contrôleur d'élévateur Expired - Lifetime EP1749785B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2004/007647 WO2005115905A1 (fr) 2004-05-27 2004-05-27 Contrôleur d'élévateur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1749785A1 EP1749785A1 (fr) 2007-02-07
EP1749785A4 EP1749785A4 (fr) 2010-03-17
EP1749785B1 true EP1749785B1 (fr) 2012-01-04

Family

ID=35450782

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04735104A Expired - Lifetime EP1749785B1 (fr) 2004-05-27 2004-05-27 Contrôleur d'élévateur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1749785B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPWO2005115905A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100455502C (fr)
WO (1) WO2005115905A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4594803B2 (ja) * 2005-06-08 2010-12-08 株式会社日立製作所 エレベーターの非常止め装置
JP5137508B2 (ja) * 2007-09-11 2013-02-06 三菱電機ビルテクノサービス株式会社 エレベータのかご保持装置
JP5137507B2 (ja) * 2007-09-11 2013-02-06 三菱電機ビルテクノサービス株式会社 エレベータのかご保持装置
JP5669592B2 (ja) * 2011-01-21 2015-02-12 三菱電機株式会社 エレベータの安全装置
EP2794451B1 (fr) * 2011-12-21 2015-04-01 Inventio AG Actionneur pour frein d'ascenseur
DE112012006051B4 (de) * 2012-03-19 2019-05-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Aufzug
BR112015011997B1 (pt) * 2012-11-27 2022-01-18 Inventio Ag Freio de segurança para um sistema de elevador com pelo menos um corpo móvel e método para a frenagem e retenção de um corpo móvel de um sistema de elevador
US20170283216A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-05 Otis Elevator Company Condition sensing arrangement for elevator system brake assembly and method
US10252884B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2019-04-09 Otis Elevator Company Wirelessly powered elevator electronic safety device
CN106429697B (zh) * 2016-09-13 2018-09-28 江苏旭云物联信息科技有限公司 一种电梯安全预警系统
JP6834022B2 (ja) * 2017-11-16 2021-02-24 株式会社日立製作所 安全装置、および、それを備えたエレベーター
US11104545B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2021-08-31 Otis Elevator Company Elevator safety actuator systems
WO2022201529A1 (fr) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-29 株式会社日立製作所 Appareil du type ascenseur
EP4273081A1 (fr) 2022-05-05 2023-11-08 Otis Elevator Company Cabine d'ascenseur dotée d'un actionneur de sécurité électronique

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2763244B2 (ja) * 1993-01-07 1998-06-11 三菱電機株式会社 エレベーター用制動装置
EP0648703B1 (fr) * 1993-10-18 1999-01-20 Inventio Ag Système de sécurité par freinage pour cabine d'ascenseur
FI105091B (fi) * 1997-01-30 2000-06-15 Kone Corp Johdejarru
JP2001158579A (ja) * 1999-12-01 2001-06-12 Hitachi Ltd エレベータのガバナ装置、及びエレベータ
WO2003008317A1 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de freinage de secours pour ascenseur
JP4553535B2 (ja) * 2001-09-28 2010-09-29 三菱電機株式会社 エレベータ装置
KR100458824B1 (ko) * 2002-02-21 2004-12-04 신승기계공업 주식회사 엘리베이터 비상정지장치
WO2005115904A1 (fr) * 2004-05-25 2005-12-08 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'arrêt d'urgence d'élévateur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1749785A4 (fr) 2010-03-17
JPWO2005115905A1 (ja) 2008-03-27
CN100455502C (zh) 2009-01-28
EP1749785A1 (fr) 2007-02-07
CN1795138A (zh) 2006-06-28
WO2005115905A1 (fr) 2005-12-08

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