Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B33/00—Discharging devices; Coke guides
  • C10B33/006—Decoking tools, e.g. hydraulic coke removing tools with boring or cutting nozzles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8593—Systems
  • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
  • Y10T137/86718—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
  • Y10T137/86743—Rotary
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8593—Systems
  • Y10T137/87056—With selective motion for plural valve actuator

Definitions

• the invention relates to a tool for crushing coke with a housing which is fastened to a boring bar in the operating state, and on or in which at least one cutting nozzle for cutting and one drilling nozzle for drilling coke and at least one valve for controlling a flow direction of the Boring bar and water flowing through the housing is arranged through the cutting nozzle and the drilling nozzle.
• the last, otherwise unusable fraction of the crude oil is converted into coke.
• the conversion takes place by introducing this fraction into drums which fill with coke as the operating time increases.
• the coke is cut out of the drums.
• de-coking is usually carried out with high-pressure water jets that disintegrate the coke and flush it out of the drums.
• the tool for generating these high-pressure water jets is inserted into the drum from above via a drill pipe. De-coking is carried out in two stages. First an opening is drilled through the tool in the drum from top to bottom, then the tool is returned to the upper end of the drum and the coke is now crushed by high-pressure water jets, which are generated by the cutting nozzles approximately at right angles to the axis ,
• the tool which is known, for example, from the generic WO 03/014261 Ai, is therefore designed for two operating states, firstly for drilling an opening which is necessary for moving the tool and later discharging crushed coke, and secondly for cutting the coke across the cross-section of the drum.
• the drilling nozzles send high pressure water jets essentially in parallel or at an acute angle to an axis formed by the drill rod and the opening created during drilling.
• the cutting nozzles produce high-pressure water jets which are oriented essentially at right angles or at a flat angle to the axis formed by the boring bar and the opening in the drum.
• the nozzles used in the tool are subject to wear and tear due to the high water pressure and must be replaced regularly. Accordingly, the tool must be designed so that the nozzles can be exchanged quickly and safely.
• the wear and tear of the nozzles is increased by the fact that the water in known tools of the type mentioned at the beginning is pressed under high pressure into an annular space in communication with all the nozzles, from where the water reaches the opened nozzles undirected, with no alignment whatsoever the flow takes place in the direction of the respective nozzles.
• the invention has for its object to provide a tool for crushing coke, which has a particularly simple structure and is safe to use and maintain.
• Characteristic of the tool according to the invention are at least two flow channels formed within the housing, each of which extends between individual inflow openings assigned to the respective flow channel and the respective cutting and drilling nozzles.
• the valve for controlling the flow direction of the water to the cutting nozzles or the drilling nozzles is arranged in the region of the inflow opening and closes the corresponding inflow openings of the individual flow channels depending on the respective operating state, usually cutting or drilling.
• the flow channels which in the context of the invention are self-contained areas which extend between the inflow openings and the outlet openings arranged in the area of the associated nozzles, enable the water to be directed to the respective nozzles with only very small flow losses. Due to the associated reduction in the disruptive influences acting on the nozzles, the service life of the individual nozzles can be increased considerably compared to conventional tools.
• the minimization of the flow losses as well as the optimization of the flow within the tool also enables the water to be supplied to the tool with a lower supply pressure at a lower supply pressure with the outlet pressures remaining constant compared to known tools.
• the configuration according to the invention also enables the lifespan of the parts connected to the tool, such as, for example, to be increased.
• Another advantage of the tool according to the invention results from the fact that the inflow openings which can be closed to regulate the flow direction of the water can be combined at any desired, constructively advantageous point on the tool, so that a plurality of nozzles which can be arranged independently of one another can also be regulated using a single valve ,
• This development of the invention makes it possible to reduce the number of valve bodies in the valve required to close the inflow openings, so that the valve can be constructed in a particularly simple manner, which in particular leads to a supplementary reduction in production costs and increases the functional reliability of the tool in a supplementary manner.
• the arrangement of the flow channels and the inflow openings in the tool can be freely selected according to the design and hydrodynamic requirements.
• the inflow openings are arranged substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the water flowing through the drill rod and the housing.
• the direction of flow will correspond to the longitudinal axis of the tool and the boring bar, so that the inflow openings then run transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tool.
• the flow channels can be formed integrally with the housing. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, however, production is simplified in that the flow channels are formed in an insert which can be built into the housing.
• the arrangement of the insert is preferably such that no water between the Insert and the housing inner wall flows past and possibly leads to a disturbance of the main flow. This is preferably achieved by a non-positive and positive connection of the insert and the housing of the tool using screws or the like.
• the design of the flow channels does not require attention to the shape of the housing of the tool, so that the flow channels, which according to a development of the invention have a hydrodynamically optimized shape, preferably have a rounded shape, the cross section of the flow channels according to a particularly advantageous development of the inflow opening to the cutting and / or drilling nozzles changed, can be designed in the desired manner.
• a separate insert also makes it possible to use a material that differs from the material for the housing, which is particularly suitable for designing the flow channels, but is only used to a limited extent for producing the housing due to possibly higher costs.
• An additional improvement of the flow through the housing can be achieved in that flow straighteners are arranged at the ends of the flow channels facing the nozzles, which improve the flow behavior of the water through the nozzles in a supplementary manner.
• valve for regulating the flow through the inflow openings can in principle have any valve body. According to an advantageous development of the invention, however, the valve has, at least in sections, spherical valve bodies which close the inflow openings in the respective selected operating state.
• the valve bodies have at least two spherical surface sections and are preferably of symmetrical design. As a rule, these spherical surface sections face each other, e.g. B. as calottes that adjoin each other with their maximum circumference.
• the symmetrical structure of the valve body has the advantage that, owing to the symmetry, they can be easily guided in the valve.
• valve bodies which can also be used according to an advantageous development of the invention and in which, owing to the complete symmetry, the valve body cannot be secured in position, the symmetrical valve bodies should be given preference if the diameter of the valve body has a direct effect on the valve body Dimensions of the tool has, since such valve bodies have a smaller thickness than spherical valve bodies.
• the valve is mounted inside the housing and has means for guiding, in particular half-shells, which encompass the valve bodies, which are in engagement with the inflow openings.
• the means for guiding the valve body are arranged in the valve, but this generally does not completely fill the housing.
• these free spaces are connected to the interior of the tool, so that the liquid flowing through the tool in the operating state can also flow through these free spaces.
• the advantage of this arrangement is that there is no pressure drop in the tool between the interior and the free spaces between the housing and the valve. Accordingly, the valve can be designed to save material because no pressure differences have to be absorbed with the corresponding pressure and tensile forces. In addition, the avoidance of pressure differences ensures that unintentional functioning of the valve.
• the valve can preferably be arranged in such a way that the valve bodies are automatically pressed onto the inflow openings to be closed by the internal pressure prevailing in the housing.
• the valve bodies are prestressed in the direction of the inflow opening by a spring element. This development of the invention additionally improves the functional reliability of the valve and ensures in a particularly reliable manner that the valve bodies come into contact in the respectively selected inflow openings and close them in a liquid-tight manner.
• the switch from the "drilling" operating state to the other "cutting" operating state is done manually in most known tools.
• the tool is pulled out of the drum and a device arranged inside the tool is actuated, which closes the downwardly directed drilling nozzles and opens the cutting nozzles after completion of the drilling.
• This device for closing individual or several nozzles is in engagement with the valve on the one hand and on the other hand has a receiving opening for an operating element which can be actuated from outside the tool.
• the device for actuating the valve is arranged in the area facing the boring bar, namely above the nozzles, so that even if any control and warning devices fail The operating personnel can approach the tool safely without the risk of serious injuries.
• FIG. 1 shows a first sectional view in the longitudinal direction of an embodiment of the tool according to the invention in the “drilling” operating state; 2 shows a second sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the tool of FIG. 1 in the same ben cutting plane in the "cutting” operating state; 3 shows a sectional view of the tool from FIG. 1 along the section line AB from FIG. 1; 4 shows a plan view of an insert of the tool from FIG. 1 for receiving flow channels;
• Fig. 5 is a half-sectional view of the insert of Fig. 4 along section line A-B of Fig. 4;
• Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the insert of Fig. 4 along the section line C-D of Fig. 5;
• Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the insert of Fig. 4 along the section line E-F of Fig. 4;
• Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a valve of the tool of Fig. 1;
• Fig. 9 is a front view of the valve of Fig. 8;
• Fig. 10 is a bottom view of Fig. 8;
• 11 is a sectional view of the valve of FIG. 8 along section line A-B of FIG. 9 and
• FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the valve of FIG. 8 along section line C-D of FIG. 10.
• FIG. 1 shows a tool 2 with a housing 4, four nozzles 34, 41 - two nozzles 41 for drilling coke, two nozzles 34 for cutting coke - of which only z ⁇ vei are shown, an insert 30 having four flow channels 31, 47 and a valve 20 for opening and closing inflow openings 32, 37 arranged on the insert 30 (cf. FIG. 4).
• the tool 2 hangs on a boring bar (not shown in more detail) and is introduced into a drum filled with coke.
• Information such as “above” or “below” relate to the longitudinal axis A in the tool 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 and in the individual parts shown in FIGS. 2 and 4-12, which are connected to the boring bar ( above) and a bore to be produced by tool 2 (below; not shown).
• the housing 4 is formed in two parts and is made up of the upper housing half 4a and the lower housing half 4b, which are connected to one another using screws 7 which extend through the lower housing half 4b and engage in threaded bores in the upper housing half 4a.
• a cavity 50 in the lower housing half 4b ensures the unimpeded flow of liquid through the flow channels 31 to the drilling nozzles 41, which are arranged in corresponding bores 48 in the lower housing half 4b and are secured in position by screws 42.
• the upper housing half 4a is attached to the drill rod in a liquid-tight manner with a flange 5 with the interposition of an annular seal 6.
• the upper housing half 4a extends from there as an essentially cylindrical hollow body to the lower housing half 4b.
• a circular shoulder 51 is formed at the end of the upper housing half 4a, which faces the lower housing half 4b.
• An insert 30, which is arranged in the lower region of the upper housing half 4a and has a flange 27 on the upper housing half 4a, bears against this shoulder 51.
• annular seals 36 for sealing the interior and for sealing the connection of the lower housing half 4b and the upper housing half 4a are arranged in appropriately designed grooves 29 (cf. FIG. 5).
• a seal 35 is inserted into an annular groove 28 running in the upper region of the insert 30 and seals the arrangement of the insert 30 in the upper housing half 4a in its upper region.
• the insert 30 shown as an individual part in FIGS. 4-7 has four inflow openings 32, 37 at its end facing the drill rod, each of which is offset by 90 ° - lo ⁇
• Two opposite inflow openings 32, 37 each lead to the cutting nozzles 34, or to the cavity 50 arranged in front of the drilling nozzles 41.
• the inflow openings 32 When viewed in the direction of flow, the inflow openings 32 form the start of two flow channels 47 which have a curved course and end at outlet openings 33 arranged in front of the diametrically arranged cutting nozzles 34 on the tool 2.
• the insert 30 To connect the cutting nozzles 34 to the outlet openings 33, the insert 30 has a correspondingly designed receiving opening 49 in the area behind the outlet openings 33, likewise viewed in the direction of flow.
• the cutting nozzles 34 themselves are arranged in corresponding bores 45 in the upper housing half 4a and secured by screws 46.
• the inflow openings 37 - viewed in the flow direction - form the start of two further flow channels 31, which extend separately and opposite one another to the cavity 50.
• the flow channels 31 have a rounded cross section that tapers and widens from the inflow openings 37 to the cavity 50.
• the sectional view shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 in the plane of the cutting nozzles 34 shows the location of the approximately smallest cross section of the flow channels 31.
• valve 20 is rotatably arranged in the upper housing part 4a.
• the valve 20 lies with an annular shoulder 54 on its circumferential surface against a correspondingly designed contact surface 52 in the upper housing part 4a and is thus fixed in the direction of the boring bar (cf. FIGS. 8-12).
• the valve housing 21 is formed at its end facing the insert 30 in the form of a cylindrical hollow body in which a half-shell support 8 is formed, which extends essentially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tool 2.
• the half-shell support 8 has two oppositely arranged half-shells 25 for receiving valve bodies 26, the half-shells 25 encompassing the valve bodies 26 in the upper region and thus securing the position of the valve bodies 26 in the radial direction of the tool 2.
• the valve bodies 26 are disc-shaped and have opposite spherical surface sections which are adapted to the shape of the inflow openings 32, 37.
• the half-shell support 8 itself is shaped in such a way that in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the housing 4, two mutually opposite regions adjacent to the half-shells 25 each have an approximately 90 ° large angular range for the flow through the valve 20.
• valve housing 21 has an upwardly tapering annular section, which is adjoined by a cylindrical annular flange 19 which, for connection to a bevel gear 22, has eight bores 9 which are designed to accommodate screws 24. which extend through the bores 9 into correspondingly formed threads in the bevel gear 22, and thus firmly connect this to the valve housing 21.
• the tool 2 shown in FIG. 1 is in the "drilling" operating state (drilling state).
• the valve bodies 26 of the valve 20 block the inflow openings 32 on the insert 30.
• the diameter of the valve bodies 26 is dimensioned such that the inflow openings 32 are reliably and completely covered.
• the inflow openings 37 of the insert 30 are freely accessible. Water, which shoots into the tool 2 under high pressure from the boring bar, flows through the interior in the tool 2 above the valve 20, through this and the inflow openings 37 and the subsequent flow channels 31, then passes through the cavity 50 in the lower housing half 4b in order to finally exit through the drilling nozzles 41 into a drum, not shown, filled with coke.
• an actuating device 10 for actuating the valve 20 is provided in the tool 2.
• the actuating device 10 has a perpendicular to the axis A through the Upper housing half 4b extending shaft 12, at the end arranged in the interior of the tool 2, a bevel gear 11 is arranged, which is in engagement with the bevel gear 22 on the top of the valve 20.
• the shaft 12 has a tool receiving opening 13, which is designed to receive a hand lever, by means of which the shaft 12 and the bevel gear 11 can be rotated.
• the shaft 12 itself is mounted in an insert element 18 which is fastened to the upper housing half 4a in a bore 17 in the upper housing half 4a using an annular seal 15 and screws 14 extending through the insert element 18 in the upper housing half 4a.
• Another seal 16 seals the shaft 13 in the insert element 18.
• the bevel gear 11 is actuated by rotating the shaft 12 using a hand lever adapted to the tool receiving opening 13.
• the valve 20, which is in engagement with the gear 11 via the gear 22, is rotated about the axis A by the gear 11 in the upper housing half 4a. Together with the valve housing 21, the bevel gear 22 and thus also the valve body 26 of the valve 20 are rotated.
• valve body 26 By turning the valve 20 on the upper end of the insert 30, the valve body 26, which had closed the inflow openings 32 to the flow channels 47 leading to the cutting nozzles 34, is released.
• the valve body 26 migrates by operating the tool receiving opening 13 on a circular arc through 90 ° until the inflow openings 37 are completely closed.
• Fig. 2 shows the tool 2 in the operating state of the cutting.
• Water and the high pressure flow out of the boring bar into the interior of the upper housing half 4a and now pass through the inflow openings 32 into the flow channels 47 and then through the cutting nozzles 34.
• the inflow openings 37 are securely and completely closed by the valve bodies 26 arranged above them.
• the closing action of the valve body 26 is ensured in this position as well as when closing the access openings 32 in that the extraordinarily high water pressure, which is well above 100 bar, presses the valve body 26 into the inflow openings 32, 37.

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• 2004
  • 2004-04-21 DE DE200410020013 patent/DE102004020013B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-04-08 ES ES05729841T patent/ES2313320T3/es active Active
  • 2005-04-08 CA CA 2563813 patent/CA2563813C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-04-08 US US11/578,456 patent/US8074745B2/en active Active
  • 2005-04-08 EP EP20050729841 patent/EP1737927B1/fr active Active
  • 2005-04-08 MX MXPA06012063A patent/MXPA06012063A/es unknown
  • 2005-04-08 WO PCT/EP2005/003727 patent/WO2005105953A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-04-08 EA EA200601928A patent/EA008917B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-04-08 AT AT05729841T patent/ATE409216T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-04-08 DE DE200550005470 patent/DE502005005470D1/de active Active
  • 2005-04-08 CN CN2005800124643A patent/CN1954045B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-04-08 JP JP2007508760A patent/JP2007533803A/ja not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-04-08 BR BRPI0510120-4A patent/BRPI0510120A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2008
  • 2008-04-30 US US12/112,066 patent/US8074746B2/en active Active
  • 2008-12-23 HR HR20080675T patent/HRP20080675T3/xx unknown

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