EP1731685B1 - Heat insulated and ventilated building facade - Google Patents

Heat insulated and ventilated building facade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1731685B1
EP1731685B1 EP05014976A EP05014976A EP1731685B1 EP 1731685 B1 EP1731685 B1 EP 1731685B1 EP 05014976 A EP05014976 A EP 05014976A EP 05014976 A EP05014976 A EP 05014976A EP 1731685 B1 EP1731685 B1 EP 1731685B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
insulating layer
façade
fire bar
horizontal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05014976A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1731685A2 (en
EP1731685A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz c/o Wannerit AG Roth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
swisspor Management AG
Original Assignee
swisspor Management AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by swisspor Management AG filed Critical swisspor Management AG
Priority to PL05014976T priority Critical patent/PL1731685T3/en
Publication of EP1731685A2 publication Critical patent/EP1731685A2/en
Publication of EP1731685A3 publication Critical patent/EP1731685A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1731685B1 publication Critical patent/EP1731685B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/16—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of fibres or chips, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins, or with an outer layer of fibres or chips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ventilated thermally insulated building facade, a building with the building facade and a method for creating the building facade according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • Ventilated insulated building facades are used in the thermal insulation of buildings and have the advantage over competitive thermal insulation systems that any moisture reaching the area of the thermal insulation can easily escape again. They typically consist of an insulating layer arranged on the outside of the building wall, which is protected from weathering and mechanical damage by a facade cladding. In this case, between the insulating layer and the cladding a continuous from top to bottom and outwardly open air gap, which is usually obtained by the fact that on the outside of the insulating layer, a support structure and on this the cladding is arranged. Such a building facade is in DE 20 2005 002 356 U1 shown.
  • a ventilated thermally insulated building facade comprising a building wall, an insulating layer disposed on the outside of the building wall, and a facade cladding disposed on the outside of the insulating layer, the cladding being supported by a supporting structure spaced from the insulating layer (2) such that between the facade cladding (6) and the insulating layer (2) a ventilation gap is present.
  • polymer foam materials such as polystyrene foam
  • the rear ventilation gap acts together with the combustible insulation layer as a chimney over which a fire can spread quickly to all floors of a building. For this reason, the use of such facade constructions today is limited to buildings with a few floors.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a ventilated thermally insulated building facade with a building wall (eg concrete or masonry), which is provided for thermal insulation on its outside with an insulating layer, preferably of a plate-shaped insulating material.
  • the insulating layer is interrupted in the vertical direction by at least one, preferably floor to ceiling height horizontally over the entire building wall extending fire bars, which is made of non-combustible or flame-retardant material, eg polyurethane foam, and is designed and secured such that it also in case of fire is substantially dimensionally stable and even after a melting away or collapse of the insulating layer arranged under it can perform its foreclosure function.
  • a supporting structure eg made of wood and / or metal
  • a facade cladding eg made of fiber cement boards or special chipboard
  • the cladding is supported by the support structure such that between the facade cladding and the insulation layer or the facade cladding and the fire bar is formed in the vertical direction continuously over the entire façade height extending rear ventilation gap.
  • a horizontally extending over its entire width and preferably formed separately from the fire barrier flame arrester made of a non-combustible material which reduces the cross-section of the ventilation gap in this area and thereby in the case of fire, a spreading of the fire from the underside of the fire bar on the Ventilation gap on the top prevented.
  • This embodiment effectively prevents the spread of fire, so that it is possible to provide even high-rise buildings with many storeys with a ventilated, thermally insulated building façade consisting of cost-effective materials.
  • the insulating layer consists of a polymer foam material, preferably of extruded or expanded polystyrene foam, which advantageously contains a graphite additive.
  • polystyrene foam materials are marketed, for example, by swisspor AG, Switzerland, under the name “swissporLAMBDA" and, in addition to outstanding thermal insulation properties, have the advantage that they form a non-combustible slag during combustion, which counteracts further fire propagation. But it is also intended to use mineral insulation materials such as glass wool or rock wool for the insulating layer.
  • the fire bar is preferably completely or partially formed from a PUR foam material and preferably has on its outside a fleece lamination, whereby its resistance in case of fire is increased.
  • PUR foam material preferably completely or partially formed from a PUR foam material and preferably has on its outside a fleece lamination, whereby its resistance in case of fire is increased.
  • Such materials have already proven successful as non-ventilated facade insulation with combustible polymer foam insulation layers as a fire barrier and are available commercially and inexpensively.
  • the outside of the firestop is flush with the outside of the insulating layer, so that optimal heat insulation results and the installation of the support structure is simplified.
  • the flame arrester is designed and arranged such that it the flow cross section of the ventilation gap in case of fire by at least 50%, preferably by at least 70% and even more preferably reduced by at least 80%.
  • the flame arrester is designed and arranged such that it the flow cross section of the ventilation gap in case of fire by at least 50%, preferably by at least 70% and even more preferably reduced by at least 80%.
  • the flame arrester is carried by the fire bar, which is preferably accomplished by a directed towards the building wall profile part of the flame arrester is arranged under clamping in a horizontally extending along the building facade slot in the fire bar.
  • the flame blocking element is formed as a flat profile strip, with or without profile in the longitudinal direction one behind the other arranged small passage openings.
  • the use of such openings has the advantage that in the event of fire, the flames are broken, without the effective cross-section of the ventilation gap must be greatly reduced for this purpose.
  • the flame barrier element has a support structure of a metallic or ceramic profile material, preferably of a metal sheet, which is advantageously made of a stainless material, or as such is formed from such a profile material.
  • Such flame barrier elements can be provided inexpensively.
  • the flame barrier element is designed such that at least portions of the same foam under high heat, so that the already reduced by the flame arrestor cross-section of the ventilation gap is further reduced in case of fire or even closed.
  • the flame arresting element is arranged such that it is spaced over its entire extent from the cladding, preferably at least 5 mm, and more preferably at least 8 mm. In this way, a closure of the ventilation gap by deposits formed over time and thus a failure of the ventilation can be reliably prevented and also ensure that there is no transmission of water running on the inside of the facade clothing on the flame barrier elements on the insulation layer and the fire bar ,
  • the flame arresting element has a bimetallic support structure and is arranged such that it further reduces the cross section of the rear ventilation gap in the event of high heat exposure by bimetallic bending. It is preferred if the flame barrier element as such consists of a bimetal sheet metal strip. This embodiment of the flame arresting element also makes it possible to provide a relatively large ventilation gap cross section for non-fire, which is then automatically reduced or eliminated in the event of a fire.
  • the flame barrier element is designed or arranged in such a way that the upper side of the flame barrier element falls downwards in the direction of the facade cladding, at least in the region facing the cladding cladding, which is preferred, it is possible to infiltrate any condensate that forms to prevent the fire bar and / or the insulating layer.
  • the facade cladding exists from a non-combustible material, preferably from fiber cement boards, which are available, for example, from Eternit AG, Switzerland, for example under the product name "SWISSPEARL”. This results in a particularly durable and cost-effective building façade, which also has a long service life in case of fire.
  • the support structure on vertical support slats which are interrupted by the flame barrier elements. In this way, it is possible to carry out the flame arresting elements in each case continuously over the entire width of the facade.
  • the support structure has vertical support slats which interrupt or break through the flame arresting elements. In this way, particularly stable supporting structures can be provided.
  • the support structure in the inventive building facade of interconnected horizontal and vertical slats is connected by means of the insulating layer selectively penetrating anchor elements with the building wall, so that it is supported by these anchor elements of the building wall.
  • at least one of the horizontal slats of the support structure is arranged with a formed by her and toward the building wall extending profile part under clamping in a horizontal slot in the outside of the insulating layer or between the insulating layer and fire bars.
  • the insulating layers which are suitable for these embodiments have a strength and elasticity which make it possible to temporarily hold the slatted structure of horizontal and vertical slats during installation solely by clamping the horizontal slats in the horizontal slits on the outside of the insulating layer.
  • This has the advantage that the support structure of a single Person can be created and it is also possible to create these on the outside of the insulating layer and align as a whole, before it is definitely fixed, which allows a significant reduction in labor costs for the creation of such building facades.
  • the arranged with a profile part under clamping in a horizontal slot horizontal slats are integrally formed of a profile material, preferably made of plastic or metal, and in particular that they consist of an extruded aluminum profile or an extruded plastic profile.
  • profile materials are commercially available and low in price.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a building with a building facade according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the advantages of the invention are particularly evident, since the ventilated, thermally insulated building façade according to the invention makes it possible to provide durable buildings with excellent thermal insulation and good room climate in a cost-effective manner, which also have excellent fire protection properties.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a method of constructing the building facade according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • an insulating layer is created on the outside of a building wall, which is interrupted in the vertical direction by at least one substantially horizontally extending fire bars. Suitable fire bars are integrally or multiply formed from non-combustible or flame-retardant and dimensionally stable in case of fire materials.
  • a support structure for supporting a facade cladding is created on the outside of the insulating layer and the fire bar, which is designed such that after proper attachment of the facade cladding to this support structure between the cladding and the insulation layer or the fire bar remains a vertically continuous over the entire facade height extending rear ventilation gap.
  • a flame barrier element made of a non-combustible material in the region of the outside of the fire bar is arranged such that this extends after the intended attachment of the facade cladding to the support structure over the entire width of the formed between the cladding and the fire lock ventilation gap in facade direction and this reduced in cross section but not closes.
  • the insulating layer is created in such a way that the outside of the firestop is substantially flush with the outside of the insulating layer, which is preferred, the attachment of a supporting structure for a facade cladding is facilitated and drainage of condensation from the outside surfaces is facilitated.
  • the flame arresting element is dimensioned and / or arranged such that it the cross section of the after the installation of facade cladding between the cladding and the fire barrier formed back ventilation gap by at least 50%, preferably by at least 70% and more preferably by at least 80th % reduced, so that a spreading of a fire from the bottom of the firing bar on the upper side by flames passing through the ventilation gap significantly impeded or prevented.
  • the flame arrester is attached to the fire bar, which happens in a preferred embodiment, characterized in that the flame arrestor with a formed by this and extending in the direction of the building wall profile part under clamping is inserted into a horizontal slot in the outside of the fire bar.
  • the attachment of the flame arrester can easily and safely accomplish and also ensure the same in the attached state.
  • the horizontal slot in the fire bar in which the flame arrester is clamped is created prior to placing the firestop on the building wall, e.g. by milling, which is preferably done at the time of manufacture of the insulation boards.
  • the horizontal slot is created during or after the firing bolt is applied to the building wall, e.g. by using a knife or an electric milling device, a slot is introduced into the outer surface of the firing bolt or the fire bar is formed from two superimposed parts.
  • the flame arresting element is oriented relative to the supporting structure such that it has a certain position relative to the facade cladding when the cladding is fastened as intended, preferably at a distance of at least 5 mm, more preferably of at least 8 mm. In this way, a Sich obligat the rear ventilation gap due to deposition of dust particles and a transfer of water from the facade cladding on the flame trap on the fire bars and the insulating layer can be reliably prevented.
  • the support structure is formed from horizontal and vertical slats by one or more horizontal slats are inserted with formed, preferably flat trained profile sections in horizontal slots in the outer surface of the insulating layer or between the insulating layer and fire bars, which is preferably in the direction of the building wall takes place.
  • the inserted profile sections are clamped between the boundaries of the slots and thereby held the horizontal slats displaceable in the plane of the horizontal slots on the outside.
  • the support structure is connected by means of the insulating layer punctiform penetrating anchor elements with the building wall, so that it is fixed on the anchor elements relative to the building wall and supported by this.
  • support structures which are created under execution of the two aforementioned preferred embodiments of the inventive method, further preferred if the support structure formed from the horizontal and vertical slats before their connection by means of anchoring elements with the building wall by moving at least one of in The horizontal slats clamped horizontal slats in the respective slot relative to the insulating layer or the building wall is aligned. This has the advantage that any errors can be detected and eliminated immediately.
  • FIGS. 1 . 2 and 3 shows a ventilated and heat-insulated building façade according to the invention once in vertical section (FIG. Fig. 1 ), once in a front view with removed cladding ( Fig. 2 ) and once in horizontal section ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the building facade consists of a building wall 1, on the outside of an insulating layer 2 of insulating panels 2 is arranged from an expanded, offset with graphite polystyrene foam, which consists of two horizontally extending fire bar 3 consisting of two fleece-laminated polyurethane foam panels. 3 is interrupted.
  • the insulation boards 2 are mechanically attached or glued on the building wall 1 and have on their Outside horizontal slots 13, which penetrate vertically into the insulation boards 2.
  • a support structure 5, 11 is arranged, which consists of each other via self-tapping screws 15 horizontal slats 11 of an aluminum angle profile material and vertical slats 5 of rectangular wooden profiles.
  • the vertical slats 5 are connected by means of spacer screws 12 formed anchor elements 12 with the building wall 1, so that the support structure 5, 11 is supported by the building wall 1.
  • the horizontal slats 11 of the supporting structure are each arranged with the building wall 1 towards oriented, designed as a free profile leg profile part in one of the horizontal slots 13, where they are clamped between the two boundaries of the slot 13.
  • the vertical slats 5 are fixed by the spacer screws 12 at a distance from the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, so that they exert no pressure force in the direction of the building wall 1 towards the horizontal slats 3 and the insulating layer 2.
  • This consists in the present case of an edge provided with holes 9 stainless steel sheet strip, which on the bottom of its provided with holes 9 edge region also a perforated strip 10 from a foaming at high heat material, in the present case vermicular graphite, carries.
  • the flame arresting element 7 With its profile section forming the other edge, the flame arresting element 7 is arranged in the horizontal parting line 8 between the stacked PU foam plates 3 of the firing bolt 3, where it is displaceably held under clamping. As in particular in Fig. 3 can be seen, is reduced by the flame arresting element 7 of the rear ventilation gap 6 in the region of the firing bar 3 by about 50% in cross section, the holes 9 are closed in case of fire by foaming the vermiculargraphitstMails 10, so that in case of fire, a reduction in cross section by about 70% results.
  • Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through a second inventive building facade, which differs from the in Fig. 1 only differs in that the flame arrester element 7 used is integrally formed from a sheet metal strip 7, which is bent slightly downwards on its side facing the facade cladding 4, so that any condensate occurring on its upper side of the fire barrier 3 or away from the insulating layer 2 can and will expire.
  • Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through a third inventive building facade similar to those in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown, which differs from these, however, characterized in that the fire bar 3 is undivided in the vertical direction and the flame trap 7 is formed as inverted T-profile and is secured by screws 16 respectively on the end faces of the underlying vertical slats 5, such that it both compared to the facade cladding 4 as also has a certain distance of a few millimeters over the entire length of the fire bar 3.
  • Fig. 6 shows a vertical section through a fourth inventive ventilated and thermally insulated building facade.
  • the building facade here also consists of a building wall 1, on the outside of which an insulating layer 2 of insulating boards 2 is arranged, which is interrupted by a horizontally extending fire bolt 3.
  • the insulation boards 2 are mounted on the building wall 1.
  • a support structure of vertical slats 5 is arranged, which are connected via anchor elements (not shown) with the building wall 1 and are supported by this.
  • a facade cladding 4 is attached from fiber cement panels 4, such that between the cladding 4 and the insulating layer 2 or the fire bar 3 in the area between two adjacent battens 5 each a vertically continuous from top to bottom extending rear ventilation gap 6 is formed.
  • the rear ventilation gap 6 is in each case where it is bounded by the building fire side of the fire bar 3, a horizontally extending over its entire width flame arresting element 7, which is fixed by clamping a profile section formed by this in a horizontal slot 8 in the fire bar 3.
  • the flame barrier element 7 consists in the present case of a bimetallic strip 7, which is curved down to the facade cladding 4 down in the region of the ventilation gap 6, so that any water reaching them is led away from the insulating layer 2 and the fire barrier 3 and can run off.
  • the flame arrester element 7 in non-fire over its entire length at a distance of a few millimeters.
  • the downward curved section of the flame barrier element stretches 7 by the bimetallic effect, so that the distance between Flamsperrelement 7 and facade cladding 4 is reduced and finally repealed.
  • Fig. 7 shows a vertical section through a fifth inventive facade of the building, which differs from the in Fig. 6 only differs in that the flame arrester element 7 used is formed as a roof-shaped sheet-metal strip, which is mounted at its two ends in each case on a laterally mounted in the respective vertical support bar 5 support pin 17. If lifting by chimney draft must be prevented, the flame-arresting element 7 can be secured on the respective carrying bolt 17 with suitable securing means, eg riveted tabs.
  • the fire bar has in the present case a closed outer surface.
  • the roof-shaped sheet metal strip 7 may be formed from a simple sheet metal or from a bimetallic sheet, depending on whether only a narrowing or a complete closure of the rear ventilation gap 6 is desired in case of fire. In any case, the roof-shaped sheet metal strip 7 will spread on heat development on its underside, so that the lateral column to the fire bar 3 and the facade cladding 4 towards reduced or canceled.
  • Fig. 8 shows a vertical section through a sixth inventive facade of the building, which differs from the in Fig. 7 merely differs in that the flame trap element 7 formed by the roof-shaped sheet metal strip is not mounted on support bolts on the vertical support slats 5, but on support brackets 18 with defined support points, which are inserted into the fire bar 3.
  • the flame blocking element 7 is secured in the present case with latched spring washers on the respective wire bracket 18.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 inventive building facades show where the vertical Slats 5 of the support structure are interrupted by a continuous flame arresting element 7, while the FIGS. 6 to 8 Embodiments show in which the vertical slats 5 of the support structure are continuous and the flame arresting elements 7 are interrupted by these
  • the structures shown can be combined as desired.
  • flame retardant element 7 can be used as a continuous flame arresting element 7 in building facades with interrupted vertical support slats 5, for example by similar to the flame arrester in Fig. 5 is fastened with suitable Sulementen on the end faces of the underlying vertical support slats 5 or in the embodiment according to Fig. 8 only the vertical support slats 5 are separated in a suitable manner.

Abstract

The facade has a building wall (1) with an insulating layer (2) arranged on the exterior of the building wall in a vertical direction by a horizontal running latch plate (3). Cladding (4) is provided on the insulating layer and the latch plate. The cladding is separated at a distance from the insulating layer and latch plate in such a way a backing ventilation gap (6) is provided. A flame retardant element (7) made from non-combustible material, extends over the entire width of the gap, reducing its cross section and preventing spreading of a fire over the gap.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine hinterlüftete wärmegedämmte Gebäudefassade, ein Gebäude mit der Gebäudefassade sowie ein Verfahren zum Erstellen der Gebäudefassade gemäss den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The present invention relates to a ventilated thermally insulated building facade, a building with the building facade and a method for creating the building facade according to the preambles of the independent claims.

Hinterlüftete wärmegedämmte Gebäudefassaden kommen bei der Wärmedämmung von Gebäuden zum Einsatz und weisen gegenüber konkurrenzierenden Wärmedämmungssystemen den Vorteil auf, dass etwaige in den Bereich der Wärmedämmung gelangende Feuchtigkeit problemlos wieder entweichen kann. Sie bestehen typischerweise aus einer auf der Aussenseite der Gebäudewand angeordneten Dämmschicht, welche durch eine Fassadenbekleidung vor Witterung und mechanischer Beschädigung geschützt wird. Dabei besteht zwischen der Dämmschicht und der Fassadenbekleidung ein von oben nach unten durchgehender und nach aussen geöffneter Luftspalt, welcher üblicherweise dadurch erhalten wird, dass auf der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht eine Tragstruktur und auf dieser die Fassadenbekleidung angeordnet wird. Eine derartige Gebäudefassade ist in DE 20 2005 002 356 U1 gezeigt. Dieses Dokument offenbart eine hinterlüftete wärmegedämmte Gebäudefassade, umfassend eine Gebäudewand, eine auf der Außenseite der Gebäudewand angeordnete Dämmschicht, sowie angeordnet auf der Außenseite der Dämmschicht eine Fassadenbekleidung, wobei die Fassadenbekleidung von einer Tragkonstruktion beabstandet zu der Dämmschicht (2) getragen ist, derart, daß zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung (6) und der Dämmschicht (2) ein Hinterlüftungsspalt vorhanden ist. Insbesondere bei Verwendung von Polymerschaummaterialien als Dämmschicht, wie z.B. Polystyrolschaum, ergeben sich bei derartigen Gebäudefassaden aber brandschutztechnische Probleme, wirkt doch der Hinterlüftungsspalt zusammen mit der brennbaren Dämmschicht wie ein Kamin, über den sich ein Brand rasch auf sämtliche Stockwerke eines Gebäudes ausbreiten kann. Aus diesem Grund ist der Einsatz solcher Fassadenkonstruktionen heute auf Gebäude mit wenigen Geschossen beschränkt.Ventilated insulated building facades are used in the thermal insulation of buildings and have the advantage over competitive thermal insulation systems that any moisture reaching the area of the thermal insulation can easily escape again. They typically consist of an insulating layer arranged on the outside of the building wall, which is protected from weathering and mechanical damage by a facade cladding. In this case, between the insulating layer and the cladding a continuous from top to bottom and outwardly open air gap, which is usually obtained by the fact that on the outside of the insulating layer, a support structure and on this the cladding is arranged. Such a building facade is in DE 20 2005 002 356 U1 shown. This document discloses a ventilated thermally insulated building facade comprising a building wall, an insulating layer disposed on the outside of the building wall, and a facade cladding disposed on the outside of the insulating layer, the cladding being supported by a supporting structure spaced from the insulating layer (2) such that between the facade cladding (6) and the insulating layer (2) a ventilation gap is present. In particular, when using polymer foam materials as an insulating layer, such as polystyrene foam, resulting in such building facades but fire safety problems, yet the rear ventilation gap acts together with the combustible insulation layer as a chimney over which a fire can spread quickly to all floors of a building. For this reason, the use of such facade constructions today is limited to buildings with a few floors.

Es stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, eine Gebäudefassade und ein Verfahren zur Erstellung einer Gebäudefassade zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche die Nachteile des Standes der Technik nicht aufweisen oder diese zumindest teilweise vermeiden.It is therefore the object to provide a building façade and a method for creating a building facade, which do not have the disadvantages of the prior art or at least partially avoid.

Diese Aufgabe wird von der Gebäudefassade und dem Verfahren gemäss den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen gelöst.This object is achieved by the building facade and the method according to the independent claims.

Demgemäss betrifft ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung eine hinterlüftete wärmegedämmte Gebäudefassade mit einer Gebäudewand (z.B. aus Beton oder Mauerwerk), welche zur Wärmedämmung auf ihrer Aussenseite mit einer Dämmschicht, bevorzugterweise aus einem plattenförmigen Dämmstoff, versehen ist. Die Dämmschicht ist in vertikaler Richtung durch mindestens einen, bevorzugterweise auf Geschossdeckenhöhe horizontal über die gesamte Gebäudewand verlaufenden Brandriegel unterbrochen, welcher aus nicht-brennbarem oder schwerbrennbarem Material, z.B. PUR-Schaum, gebildet ist und derartig beschaffen und befestigt ist, dass er auch im Brandfall im Wesentlichen formstabil ist und auch nach einem Wegschmelzen oder Zusammenfallen der unter ihm angeordneten Dämmschicht seine Abschottungsfunktion wahrnehmen kann. Angeordnet auf der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht bzw. des Brandriegels ist eine Tragstruktur (z.B. aus Holz und/oder Metall), welche eine Fassadenbekleidung (z.B. aus Faserzementplatten oder Spezial-Spanplatten) zum Schützen der Dämm*schicht vor Witterung und mechanischer Beschädigung trägt. Die Fassadenbekleidung wird von der Tragstruktur derartig getragen, dass zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung und der Dämmschicht bzw. der Fassadenbekleidung und dem Brandriegel ein sich in vertikaler Richtung durchgehend über die gesamte Fassadenhöhe erstreckender Hinterlüftungsspalt gebildet wird. Dabei ist im Hinterlüftungsspalt in dem Bereich, in welchem dieser gebäudewandseitig vom Brandriegel begrenzt wird, ein sich horizontal über dessen gesamte Breite erstreckendes und bevorzugterweise separat vom Brandriegel ausgebildetes Flammsperrelement aus einem nicht-brennbaren Material angeordnet, welches der Querschnitt des Hinterlüftungsspaltes in diesem Bereich reduziert und dadurch im Brandfall ein Übergreifen des Feuers von der Unterseite des Brandriegels über den Hinterlüftungsspalt auf dessen Oberseite verhindert. Durch diese Ausgestaltung wird eine Brandausbreitung wirkungsvoll verhindert, so dass es möglich wird, auch hohe Gebäude mit vielen Geschossen mit einer aus kostengünstigen Materialien bestehenden hinterlüfteten, wärmegedämmten Gebäudefassade zu versehen.Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention relates to a ventilated thermally insulated building facade with a building wall (eg concrete or masonry), which is provided for thermal insulation on its outside with an insulating layer, preferably of a plate-shaped insulating material. The insulating layer is interrupted in the vertical direction by at least one, preferably floor to ceiling height horizontally over the entire building wall extending fire bars, which is made of non-combustible or flame-retardant material, eg polyurethane foam, and is designed and secured such that it also in case of fire is substantially dimensionally stable and even after a melting away or collapse of the insulating layer arranged under it can perform its foreclosure function. Arranged on the outside of the insulating layer or the fire bar is a supporting structure (eg made of wood and / or metal), which a facade cladding (eg made of fiber cement boards or special chipboard) to protect the insulation * layer from weather and mechanical damage. The cladding is supported by the support structure such that between the facade cladding and the insulation layer or the facade cladding and the fire bar is formed in the vertical direction continuously over the entire façade height extending rear ventilation gap. Here, in the ventilation gap in the area in which this Gebäudewandseitig bounded by the fire, a horizontally extending over its entire width and preferably formed separately from the fire barrier flame arrester made of a non-combustible material, which reduces the cross-section of the ventilation gap in this area and thereby in the case of fire, a spreading of the fire from the underside of the fire bar on the Ventilation gap on the top prevented. This embodiment effectively prevents the spread of fire, so that it is possible to provide even high-rise buildings with many storeys with a ventilated, thermally insulated building façade consisting of cost-effective materials.

Bevorzugterweise besteht dabei die Dämmschicht aus einem Polymerschaummaterial, und zwar bevorzugterweise aus extrudiertem oder expandiertem Polystyrolschaum, welcher mit Vorteil einen Graphit-Zusatz enthält. Solche Polystyrolschaum-Materialien werden beispielsweise von der Firma swisspor AG, Schweiz, unter der Bezeichnung "swissporLAMBDA" vertrieben und weisen neben hervorragenden Wärmedämmeigenschaften den Vorteil auf, dass sie beim Abbrennen eine nicht-brennbare Schlacke bilden, welche einer weiteren Brandausbreitung entgegenwirkt. Es ist aber auch vorgesehen, mineralische Dämmstoffe wie Glaswolle oder Steinwolle für die Dämmschicht zu verwenden.Preferably, the insulating layer consists of a polymer foam material, preferably of extruded or expanded polystyrene foam, which advantageously contains a graphite additive. Such polystyrene foam materials are marketed, for example, by swisspor AG, Switzerland, under the name "swissporLAMBDA" and, in addition to outstanding thermal insulation properties, have the advantage that they form a non-combustible slag during combustion, which counteracts further fire propagation. But it is also intended to use mineral insulation materials such as glass wool or rock wool for the insulating layer.

Der Brandriegel ist bevorzugterweise ganz oder teilweise aus einem PUR-Schaummaterial gebildet und weist bevorzugterweise auf seiner Aussenseite eine Vlieskaschierung auf, wodurch seine Widerstandsfähigkeit im Brandfall erhöht wird. Solche Materialien haben sich bereits bei nicht hinterlüfteten Fassadenisolationen mit brennbaren Polymerschaum-Dämmschichten als Brandriegel bewährt und sind kommerziell und kostengünstig erhältlich.The fire bar is preferably completely or partially formed from a PUR foam material and preferably has on its outside a fleece lamination, whereby its resistance in case of fire is increased. Such materials have already proven successful as non-ventilated facade insulation with combustible polymer foam insulation layers as a fire barrier and are available commercially and inexpensively.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Gebäudefassade ist die Aussenseite des Brandriegels bündig mit der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht, so dass eine optimale Wärmeisolierung resultiert und die Installation der Tragstruktur vereinfacht wird.In a preferred embodiment of the building facade, the outside of the firestop is flush with the outside of the insulating layer, so that optimal heat insulation results and the installation of the support structure is simplified.

Mit Vorteil ist das Flammsperrelement derartig ausgebildet und angeordnet, dass es den Durchströmungsquerschnitt des Hinterlüftungsspalts im Brandfall um mindestens 50%, bevorzugterweise um mindestens 70% und noch bevorzugter um mindestens 80% reduziert. Hierdurch wird ein Übergreifen von Flammen über den Hinterlüftungsspalt in den über dem Flammsperrelement liegenden Bereich erschwert bzw. verhindert.Advantageously, the flame arrester is designed and arranged such that it the flow cross section of the ventilation gap in case of fire by at least 50%, preferably by at least 70% and even more preferably reduced by at least 80%. As a result, an overlapping of flames over the rear ventilation gap in the area above the flame barrier element is made more difficult or prevented.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Flammsperrelement vom Brandriegel getragen, was bevorzugterweise dadurch bewerkstelligt wird, dass ein zur Gebäudewand hin gerichteter Profilteil des Flammsperrelements unter Klemmung in einem sich horizontal entlang der Gebäudefassade erstreckenden Schlitz im Brandriegel angeordnet wird. Hierdurch kann das Flammsperrelement zuverlässig befestigt und auf einfache Weise durch Verschieben im horizontalen Spalt ausgerichtet werden.In a further preferred embodiment, the flame arrester is carried by the fire bar, which is preferably accomplished by a directed towards the building wall profile part of the flame arrester is arranged under clamping in a horizontally extending along the building facade slot in the fire bar. As a result, the flame trap can be reliably fixed and aligned in a simple manner by moving in the horizontal gap.

Bevorzugterweise ist das Flammsperrelement als flacher Profilstreifen ausgebildet, mit oder ohne in Profillängsrichtung hintereinander angeordneten kleinen Durchtrittsöffnungen. Die Verwendung solcher Durchtrittsöffnungen ergibt den Vorteil, dass im Brandfall die Flammen gebrochen werden, ohne dass hierfür der wirksame Querschnitt des Hinterlüftungsspaltes sehr stark reduziert werden muss.Preferably, the flame blocking element is formed as a flat profile strip, with or without profile in the longitudinal direction one behind the other arranged small passage openings. The use of such openings has the advantage that in the event of fire, the flames are broken, without the effective cross-section of the ventilation gap must be greatly reduced for this purpose.

Auch ist es bevorzugt, wenn das Flammsperrelement eine Tragstruktur aus einem metallischen oder keramischen Profilmaterial aufweist, bevorzugterweise aus einem Blech, welches mit Vorteil aus einem rostfreiem Material besteht, oder als solches aus einem solchen Profilmaterial gebildet ist.It is also preferred if the flame barrier element has a support structure of a metallic or ceramic profile material, preferably of a metal sheet, which is advantageously made of a stainless material, or as such is formed from such a profile material.

Solche Flammsperrelemente lassen sich kostengünstig bereitstellen.Such flame barrier elements can be provided inexpensively.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Flammsperrelement derartig ausgebildet, dass zumindest Teilbereiche desselben bei starker Hitzeeinwirkung aufschäumen, so dass der durch das Flammsperrelement bereits reduzierte Querschnitt des Hinterlüftungsspaltes im Brandfall weiter reduziert oder sogar verschlossen wird. Mit solchen Flammsperrelementen ist es möglich, für den Nicht-Brandfall einen relativ grossen Hinterlüftungsspalt-Querschnitt bereitzustellen, welcher im Falle eines Brandes dann automatisch reduziert oder aufgehoben wird.In a further preferred embodiment, the flame barrier element is designed such that at least portions of the same foam under high heat, so that the already reduced by the flame arrestor cross-section of the ventilation gap is further reduced in case of fire or even closed. With such flame arresting elements, it is possible for To provide the non-fire a relatively large ventilation gap cross-section, which is then automatically reduced or canceled in case of fire.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Flammsperrelement derartig angeordnet, dass es über seine gesamte Erstreckung von der Fassadenbekleidung beabstandet ist, bevorzugterweise um mindestens 5 mm, und noch bevorzugter um mindestens 8 mm. Hierdurch kann ein Verschliessen des Hinterlüftungsspaltes durch mit der Zeit entstehende Ablagerungen und damit ein Versagen der Hinterlüftung sicher verhindert werden und zudem sichergestellt werden, dass es nicht zu einer Übertragung von an der Innenseite der Fassadenbekleidung ablaufendem Wasser über die Flammsperrelemente auf die Dämmschicht und den Brandriegel kommt.In yet another preferred embodiment, the flame arresting element is arranged such that it is spaced over its entire extent from the cladding, preferably at least 5 mm, and more preferably at least 8 mm. In this way, a closure of the ventilation gap by deposits formed over time and thus a failure of the ventilation can be reliably prevented and also ensure that there is no transmission of water running on the inside of the facade clothing on the flame barrier elements on the insulation layer and the fire bar ,

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Flammsperrelement eine bimetallische Tragstruktur auf und ist derartig angeordnet, dass es bei starker Hitzeeinwirkung durch bimetallische Verbiegung den Querschnitt des Hinterlüftungsspaltes weiter verkleinert. Dabei ist es bevorzugt, wenn das Flammsperrelement als solches aus einem Bimetall-Blechstreifen besteht. Auch durch diese Ausgestaltung des Flammsperrelementes wird es möglich, für den Nicht-Brandfall einen relativ grossen Hinterlüftungsspalt-Querschnitt bereitzustellen, welcher im Falle eines Brandes dann automatisch reduziert oder aufgehoben wird.In yet another preferred embodiment, the flame arresting element has a bimetallic support structure and is arranged such that it further reduces the cross section of the rear ventilation gap in the event of high heat exposure by bimetallic bending. It is preferred if the flame barrier element as such consists of a bimetal sheet metal strip. This embodiment of the flame arresting element also makes it possible to provide a relatively large ventilation gap cross section for non-fire, which is then automatically reduced or eliminated in the event of a fire.

Ist das Flammsperrelement derartig ausgebildet bzw. angeordnet, dass die Oberseite des Flammsperrelements ganz oder zumindest in dem Bereich, welcher der Fassadenbekleidung zugewandt ist, in Richtung zur Fassadenbekleidung nach unten hin abfällt, was bevorzugt ist, so lässt sich ein Zufliessen von etwaigem sich bildenden Kondenswasser zum Brandriegel und/oder zur Dämmschicht verhindern.If the flame barrier element is designed or arranged in such a way that the upper side of the flame barrier element falls downwards in the direction of the facade cladding, at least in the region facing the cladding cladding, which is preferred, it is possible to infiltrate any condensate that forms to prevent the fire bar and / or the insulating layer.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Gebäudefassade besteht die Fassadenbekleidung aus einem nicht-brennbaren Material, und zwar bevorzugterweise aus Faserzementplatten, welche beispielsweise von der Firma Eternit AG, Schweiz, z.B. unter dem Produktenamen "SWISSPEARL" erhältlich sind. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine besonders dauerhafte und kostengünstige Gebäudefassade, welche zudem hohen Standzeiten im Brandfall aufweist.In yet another preferred embodiment of the building facade, the facade cladding exists from a non-combustible material, preferably from fiber cement boards, which are available, for example, from Eternit AG, Switzerland, for example under the product name "SWISSPEARL". This results in a particularly durable and cost-effective building façade, which also has a long service life in case of fire.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Gebäudefassade weist die Tragkonstruktion vertikale Traglatten auf, welche von den Flammsperrelementen unterbrochen werden. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Flammsperrelemente jeweils durchgehend über die gesamte Fassadenbreite auszuführen.In a further preferred embodiment of the building facade, the support structure on vertical support slats, which are interrupted by the flame barrier elements. In this way, it is possible to carry out the flame arresting elements in each case continuously over the entire width of the facade.

In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Gebäudefassade weist die Tragkonstruktion vertikale Traglatten auf, welche die Flammsperrelemente unterbrechen oder durchbrechen. Auf diese Weise können besonders stabile Tragkonstruktionen bereitgestellt werden.In another preferred embodiment of the building facade, the support structure has vertical support slats which interrupt or break through the flame arresting elements. In this way, particularly stable supporting structures can be provided.

Bevorzugterweise besteht die Tragkonstruktion bei der erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade aus miteinander verbundenen horizontalen und vertikalen Latten und ist mittels die Dämmschicht punktuell durchdringender Ankerelemente mit der Gebäudewand verbunden, so dass sie über diese Ankerelemente von der Gebäudewand getragen wird. Dabei ist mindestens eine der horizontalen Latten der Tragkonstruktion mit einem von ihr gebildeten und sich in Richtung zur Gebäudewand hin erstreckenden Profilteil unter Klemmung in einem horizontalen Schlitz in der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht bzw. zwischen Dämmschicht und Brandriegel angeordnet. Die für diese Ausführungsformen geeigneten Dämmschichten weisen eine Festigkeit und Elastizität auf, welche es erlauben, die Lattenstruktur aus horizontalen und vertikalen Latten bei der Installation vorübergehend ausschliesslich durch die Klemmung der horizontalen Latten in den horizontalen Schlitzen an der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht zu halten. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die Tragstruktur von einer einzigen Person erstellt werden kann und es zudem möglich ist, diese auf der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht zu erstellen und als Ganzes auszurichten, bevor sie definitiv befestigt wird, was eine deutliche Senkung der Lohnkosten für die Erstellung solcher Gebäudefassaden ermöglicht.Preferably, the support structure in the inventive building facade of interconnected horizontal and vertical slats and is connected by means of the insulating layer selectively penetrating anchor elements with the building wall, so that it is supported by these anchor elements of the building wall. In this case, at least one of the horizontal slats of the support structure is arranged with a formed by her and toward the building wall extending profile part under clamping in a horizontal slot in the outside of the insulating layer or between the insulating layer and fire bars. The insulating layers which are suitable for these embodiments have a strength and elasticity which make it possible to temporarily hold the slatted structure of horizontal and vertical slats during installation solely by clamping the horizontal slats in the horizontal slits on the outside of the insulating layer. This has the advantage that the support structure of a single Person can be created and it is also possible to create these on the outside of the insulating layer and align as a whole, before it is definitely fixed, which allows a significant reduction in labor costs for the creation of such building facades.

Dabei ist es bevorzugt, wenn die mit einem Profilteil unter Klemmung in einem horizontalen Schlitz angeordneten horizontalen Latten einstückig aus einem Profilmaterial gebildet sind, bevorzugterweise aus Kunststoff oder Metall, und insbesondere, dass diese aus einem stranggepressten Aluminiumprofil oder einem extrudierten Kunststoffprofil bestehen. Solche Profilmaterialien sind kommerziell erhältlich und günstig im Preis.It is preferred if the arranged with a profile part under clamping in a horizontal slot horizontal slats are integrally formed of a profile material, preferably made of plastic or metal, and in particular that they consist of an extruded aluminum profile or an extruded plastic profile. Such profile materials are commercially available and low in price.

Ein zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Gebäude mit einer Gebäudefassade gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung. Bei solchen Gebäuden treten die Vorteile der Erfindung besonders deutlich zu Tage, lassen sich doch mit der erfindungsgemässen hinterlüfteten wärmegedämmten Gebäudefassade auf kostengünstige Weise dauerhafte Gebäude mit hervorragender Wärmedämmung und gutem Raumklima zur Verfügung stellen, welche zudem hervorragende brandschutztechnische Eigenschaften aufweisen.A second aspect of the invention relates to a building with a building facade according to the first aspect of the invention. In such buildings, the advantages of the invention are particularly evident, since the ventilated, thermally insulated building façade according to the invention makes it possible to provide durable buildings with excellent thermal insulation and good room climate in a cost-effective manner, which also have excellent fire protection properties.

Ein dritter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erstellen der Gebäudefassade gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung. Hierbei wird in einem ersten Schritt eine Dämmschicht auf der Aussenseite einer Gebäudewand erstellt, welche in vertikaler Richtung durch mindestens einen im wesentlichen horizontal verlaufenden Brandriegel unterbrochen ist. Geeignete Brandriegel sind einstückig oder mehrteilig aus nicht-brennbaren oder schwer-brennbaren und im Brandfall formstabilen Materialien gebildet. In einem zweiten Schritt wird auf der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht und des Brandriegels eine Tragkonstruktion zum Tragen einer Fassadenbekleidung erstellt, welche derart ausgestaltet wird, dass nach bestimmungsgemässer Befestigung der Fassadenbekleidung an dieser Tragkonstruktion zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung und der Dämmschicht bzw. dem Brandriegel ein sich vertikal durchgehend über die gesamte Fassadenhöhe erstreckender Hinterlüftungsspalt verbleibt. In einem dritten Schritt wird ein Flammsperrelement aus einem nicht brennbaren Material im Bereich der Aussenseite des Brandriegels angeordnet, derart, dass sich dieses nach der bestimmungsgemässen Befestigung der Fassadenbekleidung an der Tragkonstruktion über die gesamte Breite des zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung und dem Brandriegel gebildeten Hinterlüftungsspaltes in Fassadenrichtung erstreckt und diesen im Querschnitt reduziert aber nicht verschliesst. Mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren lassen sich hinterlüftete wärmegedämmte Gebäudefassaden erstellen, welche auch die Brandschutzvorschriften für hohe Gebäude mit vielen Geschossen erfüllen.A third aspect of the invention relates to a method of constructing the building facade according to the first aspect of the invention. Here, in a first step, an insulating layer is created on the outside of a building wall, which is interrupted in the vertical direction by at least one substantially horizontally extending fire bars. Suitable fire bars are integrally or multiply formed from non-combustible or flame-retardant and dimensionally stable in case of fire materials. In a second step, a support structure for supporting a facade cladding is created on the outside of the insulating layer and the fire bar, which is designed such that after proper attachment of the facade cladding to this support structure between the cladding and the insulation layer or the fire bar remains a vertically continuous over the entire facade height extending rear ventilation gap. In a third step, a flame barrier element made of a non-combustible material in the region of the outside of the fire bar is arranged such that this extends after the intended attachment of the facade cladding to the support structure over the entire width of the formed between the cladding and the fire lock ventilation gap in facade direction and this reduced in cross section but not closes. With the method according to the invention, it is possible to create ventilated, thermally insulated building facades which also meet the fire protection regulations for high buildings with many storeys.

Wird dabei die Dämmschicht derartig erstellt, dass die Aussenseite des Brandriegels im Wesentlichen bündig mit der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht ist, was bevorzugt ist, so wird das Anbringen einer Tragstruktur für eine Fassadenbekleidung erleichtert und ein Ablaufen von Kondenswasser von den Aussenflächen begünstigt.If the insulating layer is created in such a way that the outside of the firestop is substantially flush with the outside of the insulating layer, which is preferred, the attachment of a supporting structure for a facade cladding is facilitated and drainage of condensation from the outside surfaces is facilitated.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung des Verfahrens wird das Flammsperrelement derartig dimensioniert und/oder angeordnet, dass dieses den Querschnitt des nach der Installation der Fassadenbekleidung zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung und dem Brandriegel gebildeten Hinterlüftungsspalts um mindestens 50%, bevorzugterweise um mindestens 70% und noch bevorzugter um mindesten 80% reduziert, so dass ein Übergreifen eines Feuers von der Unterseite des Brandriegels auf dessen Oberseite durch Flammenübertritt über den Hinterlüftungsspalt deutlich erschwert bzw. verhindert wird.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the flame arresting element is dimensioned and / or arranged such that it the cross section of the after the installation of facade cladding between the cladding and the fire barrier formed back ventilation gap by at least 50%, preferably by at least 70% and more preferably by at least 80th % reduced, so that a spreading of a fire from the bottom of the firing bar on the upper side by flames passing through the ventilation gap significantly impeded or prevented.

Bevorzugterweise wird das Flammsperrelement am Brandriegel befestigt, was in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dadurch geschieht, dass das Flammsperrelement mit einem von diesem gebildeten und sich in Richtung zur Gebäudewand hin erstreckenden Profilteil unter Klemmung in einen horizontalen Schlitz in der Aussenseite des Brandriegels eingeschoben wird. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Befestigung des Flammsperrelements einfach und sicher bewerkstelligen und zudem eine Ausrichtbarkeit desselben im befestigten Zustand gewährleisten.Preferably, the flame arrester is attached to the fire bar, which happens in a preferred embodiment, characterized in that the flame arrestor with a formed by this and extending in the direction of the building wall profile part under clamping is inserted into a horizontal slot in the outside of the fire bar. In this way, the attachment of the flame arrester can easily and safely accomplish and also ensure the same in the attached state.

Dabei wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens der horizontale Schlitz im Brandriegel, in welchem das Flammsperrelement unter Klemmung angeordnet wird, vor dem Anordnen des Brandriegels an der Gebäudewand erzeugt, z.B. durch Fräsen, was bevorzugterweise zum Zeitpunkt der Herstellung der Dämmplatten geschieht. In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der horizontale Schlitz während oder nach dem Anordnen des Brandriegels an der Gebäudewand erzeugt, z.B. indem mit Hilfe eines Messers oder einer elektrischen Fräsvorrichtung ein Schlitz in die Aussenfläche des Brandriegels eingebracht wird oder aber der Brandriegel aus zwei übereinanderliegenden Teilen gebildet wird.In this case, in a preferred embodiment of the method, the horizontal slot in the fire bar in which the flame arrester is clamped is created prior to placing the firestop on the building wall, e.g. by milling, which is preferably done at the time of manufacture of the insulation boards. In another preferred embodiment of the method, the horizontal slot is created during or after the firing bolt is applied to the building wall, e.g. by using a knife or an electric milling device, a slot is introduced into the outer surface of the firing bolt or the fire bar is formed from two superimposed parts.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird das Flammsperrelement derartig gegenüber der Tragstruktur ausgerichtet, dass es bei bestimmungsgemäss befestigter Fassadenbekleidung eine bestimmte Position relativ zur Fassadenbekleidung aufweist, und zwar bevorzugterweise einen Abstand von mindestens 5 mm, noch bevorzugter von mindestens 8 mm. Hierdurch kann ein Sichzusetzen des Hinterlüftungsspalts infolge Ablagerung von Staubpartikeln sowie eine Überleitung von Wasser von der Fassadenbekleidung über das Flammsperrelement auf den Brandriegel und die Dämmschicht sicher verhindert werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the flame arresting element is oriented relative to the supporting structure such that it has a certain position relative to the facade cladding when the cladding is fastened as intended, preferably at a distance of at least 5 mm, more preferably of at least 8 mm. In this way, a Sichsetzen the rear ventilation gap due to deposition of dust particles and a transfer of water from the facade cladding on the flame trap on the fire bars and the insulating layer can be reliably prevented.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Tragstruktur aus horizontalen und vertikalen Latten gebildet, indem eine oder mehrere horizontale Latten mit von diesen gebildeten, bevorzugterweise flach ausgebildeten Profilabschnitten in horizontale Schlitze in der Aussenfläche der Dämmschicht bzw. zwischen Dämmschicht und Brandriegel eingesteckt werden, was bevorzugterweise in Richtung zur Gebäudewand hin erfolgt. Dabei werden die eingesteckten Profilabschnitte zwischen den Begrenzungen der Schlitze eingeklemmt und dadurch die horizontalen Latten verschieblich in der Ebene der horizontalen Schlitze an der Aussenseite gehalten. Sodann werden mehrere vertikale Latten an den durch Klemmung befestigten horizontalen Latten befestigt, z.B. mittels Selbstbohrschrauben, wodurch eine Struktur aus horizontalen und vertikalen Latten entsteht, welche vor dem eigentlichen Befestigen derselben durch Verschieben der horizontalen Latten in den horizontalen Schlitzen gegenüber der Dämmschicht bzw. der Gebäudewand ausrichtbar ist.In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the support structure is formed from horizontal and vertical slats by one or more horizontal slats are inserted with formed, preferably flat trained profile sections in horizontal slots in the outer surface of the insulating layer or between the insulating layer and fire bars, which is preferably in the direction of the building wall takes place. The inserted profile sections are clamped between the boundaries of the slots and thereby held the horizontal slats displaceable in the plane of the horizontal slots on the outside. Then a plurality of vertical slats attached to the horizontal slats fixed by clamping, for example by means of self-tapping screws, creating a structure of horizontal and vertical slats, which before the actual fixing the same by moving the horizontal slats in the horizontal slots against the insulating layer or the building wall is alignable.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Tragkonstruktion mittels die Dämmschicht punktuell durchdringender Ankerelemente mit der Gebäudewand verbunden, so dass diese über die Ankerelemente gegenüber der Gebäudewand fixiert und von dieser getragen wird.In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the support structure is connected by means of the insulating layer punctiform penetrating anchor elements with the building wall, so that it is fixed on the anchor elements relative to the building wall and supported by this.

Dabei ist es bei Tragkonstruktionen, welche unter Ausführung der beiden zuvor erwähnten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens erstellt werden, des Weiteren bevorzugt, wenn die aus den horizontalen und den vertikalen Latten gebildete Tragkonstruktion vor ihrem Verbinden mittels Ankerelementen mit der Gebäudewand durch Verschieben mindestens einer der in den horizontalen Schlitzen geklemmten horizontalen Latten in dem jeweiligen Schlitz gegenüber der Dämmschicht bzw. der Gebäudewand ausgerichtet wird. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass etwaige Fehler sofort erkannt und eliminiert werden können.It is in support structures, which are created under execution of the two aforementioned preferred embodiments of the inventive method, further preferred if the support structure formed from the horizontal and vertical slats before their connection by means of anchoring elements with the building wall by moving at least one of in The horizontal slats clamped horizontal slats in the respective slot relative to the insulating layer or the building wall is aligned. This has the advantage that any errors can be detected and eliminated immediately.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen sowie aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Vertikalschnitt entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 2 durch einen Ausschnitt einer ersten erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade;
  • Fig. 2 eine Vorderansicht in Richtung D gemäss Fig. 1 auf den Gebäudefassadenausschnitt aus Fig. 1 bei entfernter Fassadenbekleidung;
  • Fig. 3 einen Horizontalschnitt entlang der Linie B-B in Fig. 1 durch die erste erfindungsgemässe Gebäudefassade;
  • Fig. 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt einer zweiten erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade;
  • Fig. 5 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt einer dritten erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade;
  • Fig. 6 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt einer vierten erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade;
  • Fig. 7 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt einer fünften erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade; und
  • Fig. 8 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt einer sechsten erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade.
Further preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description with reference to FIGS. Showing:
  • Fig. 1 a vertical section along the line AA in Fig. 2 through a section of a first building facade according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2 a front view in the direction D according to Fig. 1 on the building facade cutout Fig. 1 with removed facade cladding;
  • Fig. 3 a horizontal section along the line BB in Fig. 1 through the first building facade according to the invention;
  • Fig. 4 a vertical section through a section of a second inventive facade of the building;
  • Fig. 5 a vertical section through a section of a third inventive facade of the building;
  • Fig. 6 a vertical section through a section of a fourth inventive building facade;
  • Fig. 7 a vertical section through a section of a fifth inventive facade of the building; and
  • Fig. 8 a vertical section through a section of a sixth inventive facade of the building.

Das Grundprinzip einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 dargestellt, welche eine erfindungsgemässe hinterlüftete und wärmeisolierte Gebäudefassade einmal im Vertikalschnitt (Fig. 1), einmal in einer Vorderansicht bei entfernter Fassadenbekleidung (Fig. 2) und einmal im Horizontalschnitt zeigen (Fig. 3). Wie zu ersehen ist, besteht die Gebäudefassade aus einer Gebäudewand 1, auf deren Aussenseite eine Dämmschicht 2 aus Dämmplatten 2 aus einem expandierten, mit Graphit versetzten Polystyrolschaum angeordnet ist, welche durch einen horizontal verlaufenden Brandriegel 3 bestehend aus zwei übereinander angeordneten vlieskaschierten PUR-Schaumplatten 3 unterbrochen ist. Die Dämmplatten 2 sind auf der Gebäudewand 1 mechanisch befestigt oder aufgeklebt und weisen auf ihrer Aussenseite horizontale Schlitze 13 auf, welche senkrecht in die Dämmplatten 2 eindringen. Auf der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht 2 ist eine Tragkonstruktion 5, 11 angeordnet, welche aus miteinander über Selbstbohrschrauben 15 verbundenen horizontalen Latten 11 aus einem Aluminium-Winkelprofilmaterial und vertikalen Latten 5 aus Rechteck-Holzprofilen besteht. Dabei sind die vertikalen Latten 5 mittels als Distanzschrauben 12 ausgebildeten Ankerelementen 12 mit der Gebäudewand 1 verbunden, so dass die Tragstruktur 5, 11 von der Gebäudewand 1 getragen wird. Auf den Aussenseiten der vertikalen Latten 5 der Tragkonstruktion sind Fugendichtbänder 14 und auf diesen eine Fassadenbekleidung 4 aus Faserzementplatten 4 mittels Schrauben befestigt, derart, dass zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung 4 und der Dämmschicht 2 bzw. dem Brandriegel 3 ein vertikal sich durchgehend von oben nach unten erstreckender Hinterlüftungsspalt 6 gebildet wird. Wie erkennbar ist, sind die horizontalen Latten 11 der Tragkonstruktion jeweils mit dem zur Gebäudewand 1 hin orientierten, als freier Profilschenkel ausgebildeten Profilteil in einem der horizontalen Schlitze 13 angeordnet, wo sie zwischen den beiden Begrenzungen des Schlitzes 13 eingeklemmt sind. Die vertikalen Latten 5 sind durch die Distanzschrauben 12 mit einem Abstand zur Aussenfläche der Dämmschicht 2 fixiert, so dass sie keine Druckkraft in Richtung zur Gebäudewand 1 hin auf die horizontalen Latten 3 und die Dämmschicht 2 ausüben. Wie des Weiteren zu erkennen ist, befindet sich im Hinterlüftungsspalt 6 dort, wo dieser gebäudeseitig von dem Brandriegel 3 begrenzt wird, ein sich horizontal durchgehend über die gesamte Gebäudefassadenbreite erstreckendes und die vertikalen Latten 5 unterbrechendes Flammsperrelement 7. Dieses besteht im vorliegenden Fall aus einem randseitig mit Löchern 9 versehenen Edelstahlblechstreifen, welcher auf der Unterseite seines mit Löchern 9 versehenen Randbereichs einen ebenfalls gelochten Streifen 10 aus einem bei starker Hitzeeinwirkung aufschäumenden Material, im vorliegenden Fall Vermiculargraphit, trägt. Mit seinem den anderen Rand bildenen Profilabschnitt ist das Flammsperrelement 7 in der horizontalen Trennfuge 8 zwischen den übereinander angeordneten PUR-Schaumplatten 3 des Brandriegels 3 angeordnet, wo es verschiebbar unter Klemmung gehalten wird. Wie insbesondere in Fig. 3 erkennbar ist, wird durch das Flammsperrelement 7 der Hinterlüftungsspalt 6 im Bereich des Brandriegels 3 um ca. 50% im Querschnitt reduziert, wobei im Brandfall durch das Aufschäumen des Vermiculargraphitstreifens 10 die Löcher 9 verschlossen werden, so dass im Brandfall eine Querschnittsreduktion um etwa 70% resultiert. Wie ebenfalls zu erkennen ist, besteht zwischen dem Flammsperrelement 7 und der Fassadenbekleidung 4 durchgehend ein Abstand von etwa 10 mm, so dass eine Verstopfung des Hinterlüftungsspalts 6 durch Ablagerung von Partikeln unwahrscheinlich und ein Überleiten von Kondenswasser von der Fassadenbekleidung 4 über das Flammsperrelement 7 auf den Brandriegel 3 und die Dämmschicht 2 nicht möglich ist.The basic principle of a preferred embodiment of the invention is in the FIGS. 1 . 2 and 3 which shows a ventilated and heat-insulated building façade according to the invention once in vertical section (FIG. Fig. 1 ), once in a front view with removed cladding ( Fig. 2 ) and once in horizontal section ( Fig. 3 ). As can be seen, the building facade consists of a building wall 1, on the outside of an insulating layer 2 of insulating panels 2 is arranged from an expanded, offset with graphite polystyrene foam, which consists of two horizontally extending fire bar 3 consisting of two fleece-laminated polyurethane foam panels. 3 is interrupted. The insulation boards 2 are mechanically attached or glued on the building wall 1 and have on their Outside horizontal slots 13, which penetrate vertically into the insulation boards 2. On the outside of the insulating layer 2, a support structure 5, 11 is arranged, which consists of each other via self-tapping screws 15 horizontal slats 11 of an aluminum angle profile material and vertical slats 5 of rectangular wooden profiles. In this case, the vertical slats 5 are connected by means of spacer screws 12 formed anchor elements 12 with the building wall 1, so that the support structure 5, 11 is supported by the building wall 1. On the outer sides of the vertical slats 5 of the support structure joint sealing tapes 14 and on this facade cladding 4 made of fiber cement boards 4 are fastened by screws, such that between the cladding 4 and the insulating layer 2 and the fire bar 3 is a vertically extending continuously from top to bottom Rear ventilation gap 6 is formed. As can be seen, the horizontal slats 11 of the supporting structure are each arranged with the building wall 1 towards oriented, designed as a free profile leg profile part in one of the horizontal slots 13, where they are clamped between the two boundaries of the slot 13. The vertical slats 5 are fixed by the spacer screws 12 at a distance from the outer surface of the insulating layer 2, so that they exert no pressure force in the direction of the building wall 1 towards the horizontal slats 3 and the insulating layer 2. As can also be seen, is located in the rear ventilation gap 6 where it is bounded by the building fire side of the fire bar 3, a horizontally extending over the entire building facade width and the vertical slats 5 interrupting flame barrier element 7. This consists in the present case of an edge provided with holes 9 stainless steel sheet strip, which on the bottom of its provided with holes 9 edge region also a perforated strip 10 from a foaming at high heat material, in the present case vermicular graphite, carries. With its profile section forming the other edge, the flame arresting element 7 is arranged in the horizontal parting line 8 between the stacked PU foam plates 3 of the firing bolt 3, where it is displaceably held under clamping. As in particular in Fig. 3 can be seen, is reduced by the flame arresting element 7 of the rear ventilation gap 6 in the region of the firing bar 3 by about 50% in cross section, the holes 9 are closed in case of fire by foaming the vermiculargraphitstreifens 10, so that in case of fire, a reduction in cross section by about 70% results. As can also be seen, between the flame barrier element 7 and the cladding 4 continuous clearance of about 10 mm, so that a blockage of the ventilation gap 6 by deposition of particles unlikely and a passing condensate from the facade cladding 4 on the flame barrier 7 on the Brandriegel 3 and the insulating layer 2 is not possible.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine zweite erfindungsgemässe Gebäudefassade, welche sich von der in Fig. 1 dargestellten lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass das verwendete Flammsperrelement 7 einstückig aus einem Blechstreifen 7 gebildet ist, welcher an seiner der Fassadenbekleidung 4 zugewandten Seite leicht nach unten abgekantet ist, so dass etwaiges auf seiner Oberseite auftretendes Kondenswasser vom Brandriegel 3 bzw. von der Dämmschicht 2 weggeleitet wird und ablaufen kann. Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through a second inventive building facade, which differs from the in Fig. 1 only differs in that the flame arrester element 7 used is integrally formed from a sheet metal strip 7, which is bent slightly downwards on its side facing the facade cladding 4, so that any condensate occurring on its upper side of the fire barrier 3 or away from the insulating layer 2 can and will expire.

Fig. 5 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine dritte erfindungsgemässe Gebäudefassade ähnlich den in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten, welche sich von diesen jedoch dadurch unterscheidet, dass der Brandriegel 3 in vertikaler Richtung ungeteilt ist und das Flammsperrelement 7 als umgekehrtes T-Profil ausgebildet ist und mittels Schrauben 16 jeweils auf den Stirnflächen der darunterliegenden vertikalen Latten 5 befestigt ist, derart, dass es sowohl gegenüber der Fassadenbekleidung 4 als auch gegenüber dem Brandriegel 3 über seine gesamte Länge einen bestimmten Abstand von einigen Millimetern aufweist. Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through a third inventive building facade similar to those in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown, which differs from these, however, characterized in that the fire bar 3 is undivided in the vertical direction and the flame trap 7 is formed as inverted T-profile and is secured by screws 16 respectively on the end faces of the underlying vertical slats 5, such that it both compared to the facade cladding 4 as also has a certain distance of a few millimeters over the entire length of the fire bar 3.

Fig. 6 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine vierte erfindungsgemässe hinterlüftete und wärmeisolierte Gebäudefassade. Wie zu ersehen ist, besteht die Gebäudefassade auch hier aus einer Gebäudewand 1, auf deren Aussenseite eine Dämmschicht 2 aus Dämmplatten 2 angeordnet ist, welche durch einen horizontal verlaufenden Brandriegel 3 unterbrochen ist. Die Dämmplatten 2 sind auf der Gebäudewand 1 befestigt. Auf der Aussenseite der Dämmschicht 2 und des Brandriegels 3 ist eine Tragkonstruktion aus vertikalen Traglatten 5 angeordnet, welche über Ankerelemente (nicht gezeigt) mit der Gebäudewand 1 verbunden sind und von dieser getragen werden. Auf den Aussenseiten der vertikalen Traglatten 5 ist eine Fassadenbekleidung 4 aus Faserzementplatten 4 befestigt, derart, dass zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung 4 und der Dämmschicht 2 bzw. dem Brandriegel 3 im Bereich zwischen zwei benachbarten Traglatten 5 jeweils ein sich vertikal durchgehend von oben nach unten erstreckender Hinterlüftungsspalt 6 gebildet wird. In dem Hinterlüftungsspalt 6 befindet sich jeweils dort, wo dieser gebäudeseitig von dem Brandriegel 3 begrenzt wird, ein sich horizontal über dessen gesamte Breite erstreckendes Flammsperrelement 7, welches durch Klemmung eines von diesem gebildeten Profilabschnitts in einem horizontalen Schlitz 8 im Brandriegel 3 befestigt ist. Das Flammsperrelement 7 besteht im vorliegenden Fall aus einem Bimetallblechstreifen 7, welcher im Bereich des Hinterlüftungsspalts 6 zur Fassadenbekleidung 4 hin nach unten gewölbt ist, so dass etwaiges auf diesen gelangendes Wasser von der Dämmschicht 2 und dem Brandriegel 3 weggeleitet wird und ablaufen kann. Zur Fassadenbekleidung 4 weist das Flammsperrelement 7 im Nicht-Brandfall über seine gesamte Länge einen Abstand von einigen Millimetern auf. Im Brandfall streckt sich der nach unten gewölbte Abschnitt des Flammsperrelements 7 durch den Bimetalleffekt, so dass der Abstand zwischen Flamsperrelement 7 und Fassadenbekleidung 4 verkleinert und schliesslich aufgehoben wird. Fig. 6 shows a vertical section through a fourth inventive ventilated and thermally insulated building facade. As can be seen, the building facade here also consists of a building wall 1, on the outside of which an insulating layer 2 of insulating boards 2 is arranged, which is interrupted by a horizontally extending fire bolt 3. The insulation boards 2 are mounted on the building wall 1. On the outside of the insulating layer 2 and the fire bar 3, a support structure of vertical slats 5 is arranged, which are connected via anchor elements (not shown) with the building wall 1 and are supported by this. On the outer sides of the vertical slats 5 a facade cladding 4 is attached from fiber cement panels 4, such that between the cladding 4 and the insulating layer 2 or the fire bar 3 in the area between two adjacent battens 5 each a vertically continuous from top to bottom extending rear ventilation gap 6 is formed. In the rear ventilation gap 6 is in each case where it is bounded by the building fire side of the fire bar 3, a horizontally extending over its entire width flame arresting element 7, which is fixed by clamping a profile section formed by this in a horizontal slot 8 in the fire bar 3. The flame barrier element 7 consists in the present case of a bimetallic strip 7, which is curved down to the facade cladding 4 down in the region of the ventilation gap 6, so that any water reaching them is led away from the insulating layer 2 and the fire barrier 3 and can run off. For cladding 4, the flame arrester element 7 in non-fire over its entire length at a distance of a few millimeters. In case of fire, the downward curved section of the flame barrier element stretches 7 by the bimetallic effect, so that the distance between Flamsperrelement 7 and facade cladding 4 is reduced and finally repealed.

Fig. 7 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine fünfte erfindungsgemässe Gebäudefassade, welche sich von der in Fig. 6 dargestellten lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass das verwendete Flammsperrelement 7 als dachförmiger Blechstreifen ausgebildet ist, welcher an seinen beiden Enden jeweils auf einem seitlich in der jeweiligen vertikalen Traglatte 5 befestigten Tragbolzen 17 gelagert ist. Muss ein Abheben durch Kaminzug verhindert, so kann das Flammsperrelement 7 mit geeigneten Sicherungsmitteln, z.B. angenieteten Laschen, auf dem jeweiligen Tragbolzen 17 gesichert werden. Der Brandriegel weist im vorliegenden Fall eine geschlossene Aussenfläche auf. Der dachförmige Blechstreifen 7 kann aus einem einfachen Blech oder auch aus einem Bimetall-Blech gebildet sein, je nachdem, ob im Brandfall lediglich eine Verengung oder aber ein vollständiges Verschliessen des Hinterlüftungsspaltes 6 gewünscht wird. In jedem Fall wird sich der dachförmige Blechstreifen 7 bei Hitzeentwicklung auf seiner Unterseite aufspreizen, so dass die seitlichen Spalte zum Brandriegel 3 und zur Fassadenbekleidung 4 hin verkleinert oder aufgehoben werden. Fig. 7 shows a vertical section through a fifth inventive facade of the building, which differs from the in Fig. 6 only differs in that the flame arrester element 7 used is formed as a roof-shaped sheet-metal strip, which is mounted at its two ends in each case on a laterally mounted in the respective vertical support bar 5 support pin 17. If lifting by chimney draft must be prevented, the flame-arresting element 7 can be secured on the respective carrying bolt 17 with suitable securing means, eg riveted tabs. The fire bar has in the present case a closed outer surface. The roof-shaped sheet metal strip 7 may be formed from a simple sheet metal or from a bimetallic sheet, depending on whether only a narrowing or a complete closure of the rear ventilation gap 6 is desired in case of fire. In any case, the roof-shaped sheet metal strip 7 will spread on heat development on its underside, so that the lateral column to the fire bar 3 and the facade cladding 4 towards reduced or canceled.

Fig. 8 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine sechste erfindungsgemässe Gebäudefassade, welche sich von der in Fig. 7 dargestellten lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass das von dem dachförmigen Blechstreifen gebildete Flammsperrelement 7 nicht auf Tragbolzen an den vertikalen Traglatten 5 gelagert ist, sondern auf Tragbügeln 18 mit definierten Auflagestellen, welche in den Brandriegel 3 eingesteckt sind. Um ein Abheben durch Kaminzug zu verhindern, ist das Flammsperrelement 7 im vorliegenden Fall mit aufgerasteten Federscheiben auf dem jeweiligen Drahtbügel 18 gesichert. Fig. 8 shows a vertical section through a sixth inventive facade of the building, which differs from the in Fig. 7 merely differs in that the flame trap element 7 formed by the roof-shaped sheet metal strip is not mounted on support bolts on the vertical support slats 5, but on support brackets 18 with defined support points, which are inserted into the fire bar 3. In order to prevent lifting by chimney draft, the flame blocking element 7 is secured in the present case with latched spring washers on the respective wire bracket 18.

Auch wenn die Figuren 1 bis 5 erfindungsgemässe Gebäudefassaden zeigen, bei denen die vertikalen Latten 5 der Tragkonstruktion durch ein durchgehendes Flammsperrelement 7 unterbrochen sind, während die Figuren 6 bis 8 Ausführungsformen zeigen, bei denen die vertikalen Latten 5 der Tragstruktur durchgängig sind und die Flammsperrelemente 7 jeweils durch diese unterbrochen sind, ist es für den Fachmann klar, dass sich die gezeigten Konstruktionen beliebig kombinieren lassen. So kann beispielsweise das in den Figuren 7 und 8 gezeigte Flammsperrelement 7 als durchgehendes Flammsperrelement 7 bei Gebäudefassaden mit unterbrochenen vertikalen Traglatten 5 verwendet werden kann, z.B. indem es ähnlich wie das Flammsperrelement in Fig. 5 mit geeigneten Trägerlementen auf den Stirnflächen der darunter liegenden vertikalen Traglatten 5 befestigt wird oder indem bei der Ausführung gemäss Fig. 8 lediglich die vertikalen Traglatten 5 in geeigneter Weise getrennt werden.Even if the FIGS. 1 to 5 inventive building facades show where the vertical Slats 5 of the support structure are interrupted by a continuous flame arresting element 7, while the FIGS. 6 to 8 Embodiments show in which the vertical slats 5 of the support structure are continuous and the flame arresting elements 7 are interrupted by these, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the structures shown can be combined as desired. For example, in the FIGS. 7 and 8th shown flame retardant element 7 can be used as a continuous flame arresting element 7 in building facades with interrupted vertical support slats 5, for example by similar to the flame arrester in Fig. 5 is fastened with suitable Trägerlementen on the end faces of the underlying vertical support slats 5 or in the embodiment according to Fig. 8 only the vertical support slats 5 are separated in a suitable manner.

Auch ist es für den Fachmann ohne weiteres möglich, falls gewünscht, die gezeigten Flammsperrelemente mit im Brandfall aufschäumenden Zusatzelementen zu versehen, um in einem solchen Fall eine weitere Verkleinerung des Querschnitts des Hinterlüftungsspalts oder ein Schliessen desselben zu bewirken.It is also readily possible for the skilled person, if desired, to provide the flame arresting elements shown with additional elements which foam in the event of fire, in order to bring about a further reduction in the cross section of the rear ventilation gap or closure thereof.

Claims (29)

  1. Back-ventilated, heat insulated building façade, comprising a building wall (1), an insulating layer (2) arranged on the outer face of the building wall (1), which is interrupted in vertical direction by at least a fire bar (3) which runs substantially horizontally, as well as a façade cladding (4) arranged on the outer face of the insulating layer (2) and of the fire bar (3), wherein the façade cladding (4) is supported by a supporting structure (5, 11) spacedly to the insulating layer (2) and the fire bar (3), in such a way that a back-ventilation gap (6) is present between the façade cladding (4) and the insulating layer (2) with the fire bar (3), wherein a flame blocking element (7) made of a non-combustible material, extending horizontally substantially across the entire width of the back-ventilation gap (6), is arranged in the back-ventilation gap (6) in the area between the façade cladding (4) and the fire bar (3), reducing the cross-section of the back-ventilation gap (6) in this area in order to prevent a spreading of a fire from one side of the fire bar (3) to the other side of it via the back-ventilation gap (6).
  2. Building façade according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) consists of a polymer foam material, particularly of an extruded or expanded, particularly graphite-containing polystyrene foam material.
  3. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire bar (3) is formed out of a polyurethane foam material or comprises such a material.
  4. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer face of the fire bar (3) is substantially flush with the outer face of the insulating layer (2).
  5. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) reduces the cross section of the back-ventilation gap (6) in this area by at least 50%, particularly by at least 70% and particularly by at least 80%.
  6. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is supported by the fire bar (3) and particularly in that the flame blocking element (7) is arranged, by clamping, with a profile part formed by it and extending in the direction towards the building wall (1), inside of a horizontal slit (8) in the outer face of the fire bar (3), particularly slidably in horizontal direction.
  7. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is formed as flat profile strip, with or without through openings (9) arranged successively in longitudinal direction of the profile.
  8. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) has a supporting structure made of a metallic or ceramic profile material, particularly of a metal sheet, particularly of stainless steel sheet, or it consists of such a material.
  9. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is formed in such a way that at least subareas (10) of it foam in the presence of a strong heating effect in such way that thereby the cross section of the back-ventilation gap (6) is further reduced or closed.
  10. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is spaced from the façade cladding across its entire extension, particularly by at least 5 mm, particularly by at least 8 mm.
  11. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) has a bimetallic supporting structure, being particularly formed by a bimetal sheet strip in such a way that it further reduces the cross-section of the back-ventilation gap (6) in the presence of a strong heating effect by bimetallic bending.
  12. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top face of the flame blocking element (7) is inclined, entirely or at least in subareas, particularly in the area facing the façade cladding (4), in a direction towards the façade cladding (4) and downwards, in order to prevent a flow of condensed water towards the fire bar (3) and/or towards the insulating layer (2).
  13. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the façade cladding (4) is formed out of a non-combustible material, particularly out of fibre cement boards.
  14. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting structure (5, 11) comprises vertical supporting battens (5) which are interrupted by the flame blocking element (7).
  15. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting structure (5, 11) comprises vertical supporting battens (5) which protrude through or interrupt the flame blocking elements (7).
  16. Building façade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting structure (5, 11) consists of mutually connected horizontal (11) and vertical battens (5) and is connected to the building wall (1) by means of anchor elements (12) which punctually protrude through the insulating layer (2) and is supported by the building wall (1) via these anchor elements (12), wherein at least one of the horizontal battens (11) of the supporting structure (5, 11) is arranged, by clamping, with a profile part formed by it and extending in a direction towards the building wall (1), inside of a horizontal slit (13) in the outer face of the insulating layer (2) or between the insulating layer (2) and the fire bar (3).
  17. Building façade according to claim 16, characterized in that the horizontal battens (11) arranged, by clamping, with a profile part, inside of a horizontal slit (13) are formed in one part out of a profile material, particularly out of plastic or metal, and particularly, in that it consists of an extruded aluminium profile or an extruded plastic profile.
  18. Building with a building façade according to one of the preceding claims.
  19. Method for constructing the building facade according to one of the claims 1 to 17, characterized by the steps of:
    a) constructing an insulating layer (2) which is interrupted in vertical direction by at least a substantially horizontal fire bar (3), on the outer face of a building wall (1);
    b) constructing a supporting structure (5, 11) for a façade cladding (4) on the outer face of the insulating layer (2) and of the fire bar (3) in such a way that, when properly attaching the façade cladding (4) to the supporting structure (5, 11), a back-ventilation gap (6) with the fire bar (3) remains between the façade cladding (4) and the insulating layer (2);
    c) arranging a flame blocking element (7) made of a non-combustible material on the outer face of the fire bar (3) in such a way that it extends, within the future back-ventilation gap (6), in the area between the façade cladding (4) and the fire bar (3), horizontally substantially across the entire width of the back-ventilation gap (6), seen in the direction of the façade, thereby reducing it with respect to cross section.
  20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) is constructed in such a way that the outer face of the fire bar (3) is substantially flush with the outer face of the insulating layer (2).
  21. Method according to one of the claims 19 to 20, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is dimensioned and arranged in such a way that it reduces the cross section of the future back-ventilation gap (6) in the area between the façade cladding (4) and the fire bar (3) by at least 50%, particularly by at least 70% and particularly by at least 80%.
  22. Method according to one of the claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is attached to the fire bar (3).
  23. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is inserted, by clamping, with a profile part formed by it and extending in the direction towards the building wall (1), into a horizontal slit (8) in the outer face of the fire bar (3) and is consequently attached thereto.
  24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that the horizontal slit (8) is created in the fire bar (3) before arranging the fire bar (3) at the building wall (1), particularly at the time of producing the fire bar (3).
  25. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that the horizontal slit (8) is produced in the fire bar (3) before or after arranging the fire bar (3) at the building wall (1).
  26. Method according to one of the claims 19 to 25, characterized in that the flame blocking element (7) is aligned with respect to the supporting structure (5, 11) in such a way that it has, if the façade cladding (4) is properly attached, a determined position relatively to the façade cladding (4), particularly a determined distance of at least 5 mm, particularly of at least 8 mm.
  27. Method according to one of the claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the supporting structure (5, 11) is formed out of horizontal (11) and vertical battens (5), by attaching at least one horizontal batten (11) onto the outer face of the insulating layer (2) by clamping a profile part of this batten (11) which extends in a direction towards the building wall (1) into a horizontal slit (13) in the outer face of the insulating layer (2) or between the insulating layer (2) and the fire bar (3) and subsequently by attaching a plurality of vertical battens (5) to the horizontal batten (11).
  28. Method according to one of the claims 19 to 27, characterized in that the supporting structure (5, 11) is connected to the building wall (1) by means of anchor elements (12) which punctually protrude through the insulating layer (2).
  29. Method according to claim 27 and to claim 28, characterized in that the supporting structure (5, 11) which is formed by the horizontal and the vertical battens (11, 5) is aligned before the connection to the building wall (1) by sliding horizontal battens (11) into the horizontal slits (13).
EP05014976A 2005-06-06 2005-07-11 Heat insulated and ventilated building facade Not-in-force EP1731685B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05014976T PL1731685T3 (en) 2005-06-06 2005-07-11 Heat insulated and ventilated building facade

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00948/05A CH697409B1 (en) 2005-06-06 2005-06-06 Ventilated insulated building facade.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1731685A2 EP1731685A2 (en) 2006-12-13
EP1731685A3 EP1731685A3 (en) 2009-05-20
EP1731685B1 true EP1731685B1 (en) 2010-11-24

Family

ID=36764691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05014976A Not-in-force EP1731685B1 (en) 2005-06-06 2005-07-11 Heat insulated and ventilated building facade

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1731685B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE489511T1 (en)
CH (1) CH697409B1 (en)
DE (1) DE202006008125U1 (en)
PL (1) PL1731685T3 (en)

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DE102018210096A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Fastening device and method for its manufacture and use

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EP2426284A1 (en) 2010-09-06 2012-03-07 Linzmeier Bauelemente GmbH Fire protection device for buildings
EP2604763B1 (en) 2011-12-13 2014-01-22 Reinwarth Patentverwaltung GbR Building façade
DE202012100418U1 (en) 2012-02-08 2013-05-10 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg Building facade with locking element and locking element
CN104204374B (en) 2012-02-08 2017-03-22 洛克威尔国际公司 Building facade with lock element and lock element
DE102012010265A1 (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-28 Puren Gmbh High-performance thermal insulation board
EP2746481B1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-11-19 STO SE & Co. KGaA Thermally insulated rear-ventilated building facade with a fire barrier
DE102013003796A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-09-11 Saint-Gobain Isover G+H Ag System for the fire protection of buildings
EP3023556B1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2018-02-28 Daw Se Fire barrier element and fire barrier formed from fire barrier elements
EP3034709A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-22 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Façade module, building structure and method for installing the façade module
EP3056622A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-17 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Façade module, building structure and method for installing the façade module
EP3056633A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-17 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Façade module, building structure and method for installing the façade module
DE202015001810U1 (en) 2015-03-04 2015-05-28 Michael Noeres Fire protection sleeve
DE102016111850A1 (en) 2016-06-28 2017-12-28 Ejot Baubefestigungen Gmbh Fire protection device
RU2720431C1 (en) 2017-02-08 2020-04-29 Роквул Интернешнл А/С Facade for building, facade manufacturing method and construction kit for facade of building
EP3486390B1 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-08-26 STO SE & Co. KGaA Construction of an exterior wall and flame arrester for a construction of an exterior wall
DE102018106183A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 Saint-Gobain Isover G+H Ag Ventilated building façade and process for its production
CA3176158A1 (en) 2020-04-03 2021-10-07 Rockwool A/S Facade system and insulation element for a facade system
RU205396U1 (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-07-13 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого" (ФГАОУ ВО "СПбПУ") IMPROVED DESIGN OF FIRE CUTTING WITH THERMO STEAM IN SYSTEMS OF HINGED VENTILATED FACADES
WO2022144104A1 (en) 2020-12-30 2022-07-07 Rockwool International A/S Roofing system and insulation element for a flat roof or a flat inclined roof
CN117344896A (en) * 2023-11-07 2024-01-05 浙江年代建设工程有限公司 Fireproof heat-preservation energy-saving building curtain wall and use method thereof

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CH697354B1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2008-08-29 Swisspor Man Ag Ventilated insulated building facade.

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DE102018210096A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Fastening device and method for its manufacture and use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1731685A2 (en) 2006-12-13
CH697409B1 (en) 2008-09-30
ATE489511T1 (en) 2010-12-15
EP1731685A3 (en) 2009-05-20
PL1731685T3 (en) 2011-04-29
DE202006008125U1 (en) 2006-08-17

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