EP3486390B1 - Construction of an exterior wall and flame arrester for a construction of an exterior wall - Google Patents

Construction of an exterior wall and flame arrester for a construction of an exterior wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3486390B1
EP3486390B1 EP17201939.0A EP17201939A EP3486390B1 EP 3486390 B1 EP3486390 B1 EP 3486390B1 EP 17201939 A EP17201939 A EP 17201939A EP 3486390 B1 EP3486390 B1 EP 3486390B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame arrester
air space
exterior wall
wall construction
net
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17201939.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3486390A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Hitzler
Eva Kohler
Gerald Burgeth
Andreas Weier
Achim Kaiser
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Sto SE and Co KGaA
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Sto SE and Co KGaA
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Publication date
Application filed by Sto SE and Co KGaA filed Critical Sto SE and Co KGaA
Priority to EP17201939.0A priority Critical patent/EP3486390B1/en
Publication of EP3486390A1 publication Critical patent/EP3486390A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3486390B1 publication Critical patent/EP3486390B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/007—Outer coverings for walls with ventilating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
    • E04F2290/045—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an outer wall construction with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the outer wall construction has a cross-storey air space for rear ventilation of clothing elements which are fastened to a load-bearing wall by means of a substructure bridging the air space.
  • This means that the outer wall construction can in particular be a curtain-type, rear-ventilated facade.
  • the air space In order to ensure adequate ventilation, i.e. an exchange of air that ensures the removal of moisture, the air space must be continuous and have inflow openings and outflow openings so that the air can circulate and exchange with the outside air. Since the air in the air space usually flows from bottom to top, the inflow openings are arranged at the bottom and the outflow openings at the top.
  • a ventilated, thermally insulated building facade which comprises a building wall, an insulating layer made of a polymer foam material arranged on the building wall, a supporting structure arranged on the outside of the insulating layer and a facade cladding carried by the supporting structure.
  • a rear ventilation gap is formed between the facade cladding and the insulation layer, in which a flame barrier element is arranged within the insulation layer in the area of a fire bar running horizontally at floor level. The flame barrier element reduces the cross section of the rear ventilation gap and in this way is intended to prevent the passage of flame from the underside of the fire bar via the rear ventilation gap to the top of the fire bar.
  • horizontal fire barriers are known which are arranged in the rear ventilation space to interrupt or at least partially reduce the free cross section.
  • the training of such fire barriers is in the FVHF guideline " Fire protection precautions for curtain-type, rear-ventilated facades (VHF) according to DIN 18516-1 ", as of March 10, 2016 (2) regulated.
  • VHF curtain-type, rear-ventilated facades
  • a steel sheet with a thickness of d ⁇ 1 mm can be used as a horizontal fire barrier without further evidence if it is anchored at intervals of ⁇ 0.6 m. If the sheet steel is folded twice, the anchorage distance can be 0.9 m can be increased.
  • the steel sheets must overlap at least 30 mm at the joints.
  • a flat carrier material which has openings and a coating, the coating comprising a fire protection material which expands in the event of a fire and which forms a fire barrier which closes the openings in the event of fire.
  • the present invention is based on the object of offering solutions that counteract an expansion of fire in a cross-storey air space of an outer wall construction in the event of a fire and enable air to circulate in the air space when there is no fire.
  • the solution comprises an outer wall construction with the features of claim 1.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
  • the proposed outer wall construction has a cross-storey air space for rear ventilation of clothing elements which are fastened to a load-bearing wall by means of a substructure bridging the air space.
  • a horizontally running flame arrester which extends over the entire cross section of the air space and which has at least one net-like or grid-like flat structure with openings includes.
  • the openings have a maximum clear width w 0.75 mm, the clear width w 0.01 mm, preferably 0.025 mm, so that the air circulation in the air space required for rear ventilation is ensured.
  • the clear width of the openings is selected to be sufficiently small so that flames are prevented from penetrating in the event of a fire.
  • the clear width is chosen to be sufficiently large so that the air can circulate in the air space in the event of no fire. Rear ventilation of the outer wall construction in the event of no fire is thus guaranteed.
  • the proposed flame arrester can accordingly be arranged in the air space in such a way that it extends over the entire cross section or the entire depth of the air space, the cross section or the depth being measured perpendicular to the surface of the wall. This means that the flame arrester completely fills the air space in the cross-sectional or depth direction and no gaps remain that would allow the flame arrester to be bypassed. However, this also means that the air circulation must necessarily take place through the flame arrester, which is not a problem due to the openings in the net-like or grid-like surface structure of the flame arrester.
  • the flame arrester arranged in the air space of the outer construction according to the invention has the effect of a flame screen, which prevents fire heat and / or combustion gases from rising in the air space.
  • the area of the air space above the flame arrester is thus protected from the spread of fire.
  • the maximum clear width w is understood to mean the maximum diameter of a circular opening or the maximum length of a non-circular opening in the plane of the sheet-like structure.
  • the shape of the openings of a net-like or grid-like flat structure can be any.
  • the clear width w of an opening must at no point be a dimension of Exceed 0.75 mm.
  • the clear width w must not fall below 0.01 mm, preferably 0.025 mm.
  • the shape of the opening or openings depends in particular on the specific configuration of the at least one net-like or grid-like surface structure of the flame arrester. Preferred embodiments are described in more detail below.
  • the flame arrester of the outer wall construction according to the invention is preferably arranged in the air space between the cladding elements and the wall or a layer arranged on the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer. This ensures that the flame arrester extends over the entire cross section or the entire depth of the air space.
  • the flame arrester is preferably clamped between the cladding elements and the wall or a layer arranged on the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer, so that the flame arrester rests without gaps on both sides and no gaps remain through which a fire could spread.
  • the position of the flame arrester can also be fixed by means of clamping, so that further fastening is not absolutely necessary. However, mechanical fastening means, such as screws or nails for example, are also preferably used for fastening and thus permanently securing the position.
  • the areas above the flame arrester In order to effectively prevent the fire from spreading, the areas above the flame arrester must be prevented from heating up. Otherwise, building materials arranged above the flame arrester could ignite and / or melt. Insulation materials made from polymer foams are to be regarded as particularly at risk in this context. But construction elements, such as the substructure for fastening the cladding elements to the wall, can soften, so that their load-bearing capacity is impaired. To prevent this, the temperature above the flame arrester should not exceed 600 ° C.
  • the flame arrester is advantageously arranged in the air space in the area of a fire bar.
  • the fire bar represents an additional fire barrier, so that a fire spread is effectively counteracted. This applies in particular when a thermal insulation layer is arranged on the wall so that the flame arrester is arranged between the insulation panels of the thermal insulation layer and the cladding elements.
  • the fire bar can then also consist of a thermal insulation material and be integrated into the thermal insulation layer.
  • the fire bar is preferably made of a non-combustible thermal insulation material, such as mineral wool.
  • the adjoining insulation panels can be made of a different thermal insulation material.
  • the flame arrester comprises a net-like or lattice-like flat structure which is deformed to form a roll or hose.
  • a net-like or lattice-like sheet-like structure formed into a roll or hose can be particularly easily clamped between the cladding elements and the wall or a layer arranged on the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer, since the shape of the flame arrester already has a certain elastic deformability.
  • a flame arrester designed in this way can be produced comparatively simply and inexpensively.
  • the flame arrester has at least two net-like or grid-like flat structures arranged vertically one above the other and at a distance from one another, so that several effective levels are formed.
  • the multiple levels of action increase the protective effect of the flame arrester.
  • the flame arrester have an intumescent sealing element, in particular sealing tape.
  • the sealing element or sealing tape expands in the event of a fire due to the resulting heat, so that the openings of the flame arrester are closed by the sealing element or sealing tape. In this way a kind of fire bulkhead is created, which safely counteracts the spread of fire.
  • the intumescent sealing element or sealing tape is preferably arranged between two net-like or grid-like flat structures and / or in a cavity which is enclosed by at least one net-like or grid-like flat structure.
  • the sealing element or sealing tape is held captive in this case.
  • a kind of guidance of the sealing element or sealing band is achieved when it expands in the event of a fire. This means that a controlled expansion of the sealing element or sealing tape is achieved. If the arrangement of the sealing element or sealing band takes place in a cavity, this can be formed by at least one net-like or lattice-like flat structure that has previously been deformed into a roll or tube.
  • the flame arrester for an outer wall construction is characterized in that it comprises at least one net-like or grid-like surface structure with openings which have a maximum clear width w ⁇ 0.75 mm, the clear width w not being less than 0.01 mm , preferably not smaller than 0.025 mm.
  • the maximum clear width w is understood to mean the maximum diameter of a circular opening or the maximum length of a non-circular opening in the plane of the flat structure. It means that the shape of the openings of a net-like or grid-like flat structure can be any. However, the clear width w of an opening must not exceed 0.75 mm at any point. Where the opening has its maximum clear width w, the clear width w must not fall below 0.01 mm, preferably 0.025 mm.
  • the maximum clear width of the openings of the net-like or grid-like planar structure of the flame arrester according to the invention is selected to be so small that fire heat and / or combustion gases are diverted laterally. This means that, in the event of a fire, the spread of fire across floors is counteracted if the flame arrester is arranged in an air space of a rear-ventilated outer wall construction. At the same time, rear ventilation is guaranteed because the openings do not fall below a specified minimum.
  • the net-like or grid-like flat structure is preferably made of metal, since metallic materials are generally good heat conductors. Tests have shown that the higher the thermal conductivity of the material of the sheet-like structure, the more effective the barrier effect against heat from fire and / or combustion gases. This means that the areas above the flame arrester heat up less strongly if the flame arrester is installed in an outer wall construction according to the invention.
  • the net-like or grid-like planar structure preferably consists of a metal with a thermal conductivity> 10 W / (m * K), such as stainless steel or copper.
  • Stainless steel has the advantage that it has high fire resistance.
  • stainless steel has a high dimensional stability even at high temperatures.
  • stainless steel is corrosion-resistant, making it particularly suitable for outdoor use.
  • the net-like or lattice-like flat structure can be, for example, a wire mesh, knitted fabric, scrim or braid.
  • wire structures are comparative can be produced easily and inexpensively, so that the production costs can be kept low overall.
  • a roll or a tube can also be formed in a simple manner from such wire structures. This or this has the advantage that a flat structure designed in this way can be built into the air space of an outer wall construction with a slight tension in the form.
  • the diameter of the roller or the hose is to be selected slightly larger than the cross-section or the depth of the air space.
  • the diameter of the roller or the hose can be 30 mm if the cross section of the air space is not greater than 25 mm.
  • the net-like or grid-like flat structure can be a metal grid or a perforated plate.
  • Such flat structures are also comparatively inexpensive to manufacture.
  • a sheet metal, in particular sheet metal, into which the openings have subsequently been made by punching or cutting, for example by means of laser cutting, can serve as the starting material. In this way, it is possible to realize particularly simply defined openings which are also arranged at regular intervals.
  • roll-shaped or tubular flat structures or flame arresters can also be formed from this.
  • the flame arrester be elastically deformable at least in some areas.
  • the elastic deformability enables the flame arrester to be clamped between the cladding elements and the wall of an outer wall construction or between the cladding elements and a layer applied to the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer.
  • the elastic deformability of the flame arrester can also be used to compensate for structural tolerances so that gaps do not develop that could allow the flame arrester to be bypassed.
  • the flame arrester preferably has a circular, elliptical or polygonal cross section enclosing a cavity.
  • the cavity promotes elastic deformation of the flame arrester in order to clamp it, for example, in an air space of an outer wall construction.
  • the cavity can change its cross-sectional shape. This means that, for example, an originally circular cross-section can assume an elliptical cross-sectional shape due to the elastic deformation.
  • the flame arrester comprises a net-like or lattice-like flat structure which is deformed to form a roll or hose. In this way, a cavity is inevitably formed.
  • the roll or hose shape enables the flame arrester to be installed by clamping, so that the advantages mentioned above come into play.
  • the flame arrester has at least two net-like or grid-like flat structures which are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the several spaced-apart net-like or grid-like flat structures each form an effective plane if the flame arrester is installed in an air space of an outer wall construction in such a way that the flat structures come to lie one above the other in the vertical direction.
  • the multiple levels of action increase the protective effect of the flame arrester.
  • the flame arrester has at least two net-like or grid-like flat structures that are thermally decoupled.
  • the thermal decoupling prevents a heat transfer from a first effective level to a further effective level of the flame arrester.
  • the thermal decoupling can be achieved, for example, via a side wall, which serves to connect the working planes and consists of a thermally poorly conductive material, such as ceramic or a mineral building material. If only one side wall is provided for connecting two working planes, the flame arrester preferably has a C-shaped cross section. If two side walls are provided, they are preferably arranged in such a way that the flame arrester has a rectangular cross section.
  • the flame arrester have an intumescent sealing element, in particular sealing tape.
  • the intumescent sealing element or sealing tape expands when exposed to heat, so that in the event of fire it closes the openings of the at least one net-like or lattice-like flat structure.
  • the flame arrester forms a kind of fire bulkhead, so that an even more effective protection against fire spread across floors is created.
  • the intumescent sealing element or sealing tape is advantageously arranged between two net-like or grid-like flat structures and / or in a cavity which is formed, for example, by a roll-shaped or hose-shaped deformed flat structure. The sealing element or sealing tape is then held captively between the two flat structures or in the cavity.
  • the outer wall construction 1 according to the invention shown comprises a cross-storey air space 2 for rear ventilation of clothing elements 3 which are fastened to a load-bearing wall 5 by means of a substructure 4 bridging the air space 2.
  • the wall 5 is made of solid reinforced concrete. But it can also be made of other materials, such as masonry or wood. In addition, it does not have to be solid, so that a wall 5 constructed in a wooden post construction is also suitable for receiving the outer wall construction 1 according to the invention.
  • the outer wall structure 1 of the Fig. 1 comprises an insulation board 13 for forming an insulation layer, in particular a thermal insulation layer.
  • the insulation board 13 is not attached directly to the wall 5, but rather to a calcium silicate board 14 which is attached to the wall 5 by means of a substructure 15 comprising two interlocking CD profiles.
  • the insulation board 13 can, however, also be attached directly to the wall 5, so that the calcium silicate board 14 and the substructure 15 can be dispensed with.
  • the substructure 4 for bridging the air space 2 is attached to the calcium silicate board 14 in such a way that the air space 2 is formed between the rear side of the cladding elements 3 and the front side of the insulating board 13.
  • the substructure 5 comprises a wall bracket 5.1 and a bracket 5.2 attached to it, which is used to hold the clothing element 3.
  • the cladding element 3 is in the present case a carrier plate, for example a plaster carrier plate.
  • the outer wall construction 1 has a flame arrester 6 installed in the air space 2.
  • This consists in the present case of a tubular, deformed, lattice-like flat structure 7, which in the present case consists of a wire mesh, the wire of which has a thickness of 0.2 mm.
  • the flat structure 7 has openings 8, the maximum clear width w of which is 0.315 mm.
  • the planar structure 7 is therefore suitable for preventing the heat of fire and / or combustion gases from rising.
  • the flame arrester 6 thus counteracts the spread of fire in the air space 2.
  • the diameter of the tubular, deformed, lattice-like sheet-like structure 7 is selected to be slightly larger than the cross-section a of the air gap 2, so that the sheet-like structure 7 or the flame arrester 6 is clamped between the insulation panel 13 and the cladding element 3. This ensures that the flat structure 7 or the flame arrester 6 rests largely without gaps on the insulation board 13 and on the cladding board 3. In the event of a fire, the flames therefore have no way of bypassing the flame arrester 6. This applies in particular, since in the area of the flame arrester 6 the insulation layer has a horizontally extending fire bar 10 made of a non-combustible thermal insulation material.
  • an intumescent sealing element 11 can also be arranged in the cavity 12 of the tubular, deformed, lattice-like surface structure 7, which in the event of fire expands due to the heat and fills the cavity 12.
  • the flame arrester 6 has two net-like or lattice-like flat structures 7 arranged one above the other at a distance A, which are connected on two opposite sides via side walls 16.
  • the side walls 16 are made of a thermally poorly conductive material, so that a thermal separation of the two net-like or lattice-like flat structures 7 is effected via the side walls 16.
  • the openings 8 of the two net-like or grid-like planar structures 7 each have a maximum clear width w, which in the present case is 0.5 mm.
  • Each flat structure 7 thus forms a type of flame sieve which counteracts the spread of fire in the event of a fire. Because two planar structures 7 are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction, two working planes are formed through which a particularly effective fire barrier is created.
  • a modification of the flame arrester 6 of the Fig. 2 is the Fig. 3 refer to.
  • the two net-like or lattice-like flat structures 7 are only connected via a side wall 16.
  • the flame arrester 6 accordingly has a C-shaped cross section.
  • FIG. 4 A further development of the embodiment of Fig. 3 is in the Fig. 4 shown.
  • An intumescent sealing element 11 is attached to the side wall 16, namely on the inside, so that in the event of a fire, the sealing element 11 swells due to the heat of the fire and the openings 8 of the two net-like or grid-like flat structures 7 are closed.
  • the flame arrester 6 is upgraded in this way to a fire bulkhead.
  • Analog of the Fig. 4 can of course also the embodiment of Fig. 2 can be upgraded by arranging an intumescent sealing element 11 in the cavity 12.
  • a test set-up without a flame arrester 6 according to the invention can first be seen in order to obtain reference values.
  • a fire bar 10 made of mineral wool with the dimensions 50 mm (thickness) x was formed to form an air space 2 100 mm (height) arranged.
  • two temperature sensors 17 were arranged in the air space 2 in order to determine the temperature in the air space 2 during the experiment.
  • a Bunsen burner 19 was placed between the sand-lime bricks 18, by means of which the structure could be exposed to a flame.
  • the temperatures in the air space 2 were measured over a period of 6 minutes.
  • the result of the measurements is in the Fig. 6 graphically represented in a diagram.
  • the upper line is assigned to the lower temperature sensor 17 and the lower line to the upper temperature sensor 17.
  • the diagram clearly shows that the temperatures Above the fire bar 10 when the test setup was exposed to a flame with the Bunsen burner 19 rose very quickly over 500 ° C.
  • FIG. 7 Another experiment was carried out on an experimental set-up that is described in the Fig. 7 is shown. This is similar to the experimental setup of Fig. 5 with the difference that a flame arrester 6 according to the invention was clamped into the air space 2. This consisted of a roll of wire mesh with a wire thickness of 0.2 mm and a maximum clear width w of 0.315 mm. The flame was applied with the same Bunsen burner 19. To measure the temperatures, two temperature sensors 17 were placed in the air gap 2 as before, again at the level of the lower edge of the fire bar 10 and at the level of the upper edge of the fire bar 10. During the experiment, it was observed that from time to time a small flame penetration through the Wire mesh roll took place, otherwise a flame penetration could be successfully prevented. The temperature measurements showed that after three minutes of exposure to the flame, the temperature above the fire bar 10 was only 250 ° C.
  • the temperatures measured by means of the temperature sensors 17 during the experiment are shown in FIG Fig. 8 graphically represented.
  • the upper line is assigned to the temperature profile below the flame arrester 6 and the lower line is assigned to the temperature profile above the flame arrester 6. Above the flame arrester 6, the temperatures could be kept at values which are well below 600 ° C. Furthermore, there was neither a noticeable flashover of flames, nor the passage of burning gases. The energy of the Bunsen burner 19 was diverted laterally by the flame arrester 6. The effectiveness of the flame arrester 6 according to the invention was thus demonstrated.
  • the experiment shows that an intumescent sealing element 11 alone - due to its reaction time - is not suitable for keeping damage from an outer wall construction 1 away. Because by the time the intumescent sealing element 11 takes effect, flames can already have penetrated and the outer wall structure 1 above the fire bar 10 ignited.
  • the reaction time of the sealing element 11 is no longer a disadvantage, since until the sealing element 11 swells, the net-like or grid-like flat structure 7 keeps the flames from penetrating. If the sealing element 11 is then completely swollen, the openings 8 of the net-like or grid-like flat structure 7 are also closed, so that an effective fire barrier is formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Außenwandkonstruktion mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an outer wall construction with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Die Außenwandkonstruktion weist einen geschossübergreifenden Luftraum zur Hinterlüftung von Bekleidungselementen auf, die mittels einer den Luftraum überbrückenden Unterkonstruktion an einer tragenden Wand befestigt sind. Das heißt, dass es sich bei der Außenwandkonstruktion insbesondere um eine vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassade handeln kann.The outer wall construction has a cross-storey air space for rear ventilation of clothing elements which are fastened to a load-bearing wall by means of a substructure bridging the air space. This means that the outer wall construction can in particular be a curtain-type, rear-ventilated facade.

Um eine ausreichende Hinterlüftung zu gewährleisten, das heißt einen den Abtransport von Feuchtigkeit gewährleistenden Luftaustausch, muss der Luftraum durchgehend ausgebildet sein und über Zuströmöffnungen und Abströmöffnungen verfügen, so dass die Luft zirkulieren kann und im Austausch mit der Außenluft steht. Da die Luft im Luftraum in der Regel von unten nach oben strömt, sind die Zuströmöffnungen unten und die Abströmöffnungen oben angeordnet.In order to ensure adequate ventilation, i.e. an exchange of air that ensures the removal of moisture, the air space must be continuous and have inflow openings and outflow openings so that the air can circulate and exchange with the outside air. Since the air in the air space usually flows from bottom to top, the inflow openings are arranged at the bottom and the outflow openings at the top.

Der durchgehende Luftraum einer vorgehängten hinterlüfteten Fassade weist im Brandfall jedoch den Nachteil auf, dass er wie ein Kamin wirkt, der zu einer schnellen, geschossübergreifenden Brandausweitung führen kann. Dies gilt es durch zusätzliche brandschutztechnische Vorkehrungen zu verhindern.In the event of a fire, the continuous air space of a curtain-type, rear-ventilated facade has the disadvantage that it acts like a chimney, which can lead to the fire spreading quickly across all floors. This has to be prevented by additional fire protection measures.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der EP 1 731 685 A2 geht eine hinterlüftete wärmegedämmte Gebäudefassade hervor, die eine Gebäudewand, eine auf der Gebäudewand angeordnete Dämmschicht aus einem Polymerschaummaterial, eine auf der Außenseite der Dämmschicht angeordnete Tragkonstruktion und eine durch die Tragkonstruktion getragene Fassadenbekleidung umfasst. Zwischen der Fassadenbekleidung und der Dämmschicht wird ein Hinterlüftungsspalt gebildet, in welchem sich im Bereich eines auf Geschossdeckenhöhe horizontal verlaufenden Brandriegels innerhalb der Dämmschicht ein Flammensperrelement angeordnet ist. Das Flammensperrelement reduziert den Querschnitt des Hinterlüftungsspalts und soll auf diese Weise einen Flammenübertritt von der Unterseite des Brandriegels über den Hinterlüftungsspalt auf die Oberseite des Brandriegels verhindern. Denn das unterhalb und oberhalb des Brandriegels angeordnete Polymerschaummaterial ist brennbar, so dass bei Umgehung des Brandriegels über den Hinterlüftungsspalt die Gefahr besteht, dass sich das Polymerschaummaterial entzündet und sich der Brand rasch auf sämtliche Stockwerke des Gebäudes ausbreitet.From the EP 1 731 685 A2 shows a ventilated, thermally insulated building facade, which comprises a building wall, an insulating layer made of a polymer foam material arranged on the building wall, a supporting structure arranged on the outside of the insulating layer and a facade cladding carried by the supporting structure. A rear ventilation gap is formed between the facade cladding and the insulation layer, in which a flame barrier element is arranged within the insulation layer in the area of a fire bar running horizontally at floor level. The flame barrier element reduces the cross section of the rear ventilation gap and in this way is intended to prevent the passage of flame from the underside of the fire bar via the rear ventilation gap to the top of the fire bar. This is because the polymer foam material arranged below and above the fire bar is flammable, so that if the fire bar is bypassed via the rear ventilation gap, there is a risk that the polymer foam material will ignite and the fire will quickly spread to all floors of the building.

Darüber hinaus sind horizontale Brandsperren bekannt, die im Hinterlüftungsraum zur Unterbrechung oder zumindest partiellen Reduzierung des freien Querschnitts angeordnet werden. Die Ausbildung derartiger Brandsperren ist in der FVHF-Leitlinie " Brandschutztechnische Vorkehrungen für vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassaden (VHF) nach DIN 18516-1", Stand: 10.03.2016 (2) geregelt. Ohne weiteren Nachweis kann beispielsweise ein Stahlblech mit einer Dicke von d ≥ 1 mm als horizontale Brandsperre eingesetzt werden, wenn es in Abständen von ≤ 0,6 m verankert ist. Ist das Stahlblech zweifach gekantet, kann der Abstand der Verankerung auf 0,9 m vergrößert werden. An den Stößen müssen sich die Stahlbleche mindestens 30 mm überlappen.In addition, horizontal fire barriers are known which are arranged in the rear ventilation space to interrupt or at least partially reduce the free cross section. The training of such fire barriers is in the FVHF guideline " Fire protection precautions for curtain-type, rear-ventilated facades (VHF) according to DIN 18516-1 ", as of March 10, 2016 (2) regulated. For example, a steel sheet with a thickness of d ≥ 1 mm can be used as a horizontal fire barrier without further evidence if it is anchored at intervals of ≤ 0.6 m. If the sheet steel is folded twice, the anchorage distance can be 0.9 m can be increased. The steel sheets must overlap at least 30 mm at the joints.

Wird der gesamte freie Querschnitt des der Hinterlüftung dienenden Luftraums durch eine Brandsperre oder vergleichbare konstruktive Maßnahmen unterbrochen, sind eine Luftzirkulation im Luftraum und damit eine ausreichende Hinterlüftung nicht mehr gewährleistet. Es müssen in diesem Fall weitere Zuströmöffnungen oberhalb der Unterbrechung sowie weitere Abströmöffnungen unterhalb der Unterbrechung vorgesehen werden, um die erforderliche Luftzirkulation zu ermöglichen. Dadurch erhöht sich jedoch der konstruktive Aufwand bei der Herstellung der Außenwandkonstruktion.If the entire free cross-section of the air space used for rear ventilation is interrupted by a fire barrier or similar structural measures, air circulation in the air space and thus adequate rear ventilation are no longer guaranteed. In this case, additional inflow openings above the interruption and further outflow openings below the interruption must be provided in order to enable the necessary air circulation. However, this increases the structural effort in the manufacture of the outer wall structure.

Aus der DE 100 60 252 A1 ist eine Außenkonstruktion mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 bekannt, das einen Metallträger mit durch Stege abgeteilten Durchbrechungen und an den Durchbrechungen orientierte sowie Öffnungen belassende Beschichtung mit einer Intumeszenzmasse aufweist. Das Brandschutzelement bildet somit eine strömungsoffene Barriere aus, die aber im Brandfall gegenüber Feuer und Rauch abdichtet.From the DE 100 60 252 A1 an outer construction with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known, which has a metal carrier with perforations divided by webs and a coating with an intumescent compound that is oriented towards the perforations and leaves openings. The fire protection element thus forms a flow-open barrier which, however, seals against fire and smoke in the event of a fire.

Aus der GB 2 072 046 A ist ferner ein flaches Trägermaterial bekannt, das Öffnungen und eine Beschichtung aufweist, wobei die Beschichtung ein sich im Brandfall ausdehnendes Brandschutzmaterial umfasst, das im Brandfall eine die Öffnungen schließende Brandbarriere ausbildet.From the GB 2 072 046 A a flat carrier material is also known which has openings and a coating, the coating comprising a fire protection material which expands in the event of a fire and which forms a fire barrier which closes the openings in the event of fire.

Ausgehend von dem vorstehend genannten Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, Lösungen anzubieten, die im Brandfall einer Brandausweitung in einem geschossübergreifenden Luftraum einer Außenwandkonstruktion entgegenwirken und im Nicht-Brandfall eine Luftzirkulation im Luftraum ermöglichen.Based on the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention is based on the object of offering solutions that counteract an expansion of fire in a cross-storey air space of an outer wall construction in the event of a fire and enable air to circulate in the air space when there is no fire.

Die Lösung umfasst eine Außenwandkonstruktion mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.The solution comprises an outer wall construction with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Die vorgeschlagene Außenwandkonstruktion weist einen geschossübergreifenden Luftraum zur Hinterlüftung von Bekleidungselementen auf, die mittels einer den Luftraum überbrückenden Unterkonstruktion an einer tragenden Wand befestigt sind. Im Luftraum ist eine horizontal verlaufende und sich über den gesamten Querschnitt des Luftraums erstreckende Flammendurchschlagsicherung angeordnet, die mindestens ein netz- oder gitterartiges Flächengebilde mit Öffnungen umfasst. Erfindungsgemäß besitzen die Öffnungen eine maximale lichte Weite w ≤ 0,75 mm, wobei die lichte Weite w ≥ 0,01 mm, vorzugsweise ≥ 0,025 mm ist, so dass eine zur Hinterlüftung erforderliche Luftzirkulation im Luftraum gewährleistet bleibt.The proposed outer wall construction has a cross-storey air space for rear ventilation of clothing elements which are fastened to a load-bearing wall by means of a substructure bridging the air space. In the air space there is arranged a horizontally running flame arrester which extends over the entire cross section of the air space and which has at least one net-like or grid-like flat structure with openings includes. According to the invention, the openings have a maximum clear width w 0.75 mm, the clear width w 0.01 mm, preferably 0.025 mm, so that the air circulation in the air space required for rear ventilation is ensured.

Die lichte Weite der Öffnungen ist ausreichend klein gewählt, so dass im Brandfall Flammen am Durchschlagen gehindert werden. Zugleich ist die lichte Weite ausreichend groß gewählt, so dass im Nicht-Brandfall die Luft im Luftraum zirkulieren kann. Eine Hinterlüftung der Außenwandkonstruktion im Nicht-Brandfall bleibt somit gewährleistet. Die vorgeschlagene Flammendurchschlagsicherung kann demnach derart im Luftraum angeordnet werden, dass sie sich über den gesamten Querschnitt bzw. die gesamte Tiefe des Luftraums erstreckt, wobei der Querschnitt bzw. die Tiefe senkrecht zur Oberfläche der Wand gemessen werden. Das heißt, dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung den Luftraum in der Querschnitts- bzw. Tiefenrichtung vollständig ausfüllt und keine Spalte verbleiben, die eine Umgehung der Flammendurchschlagsicherung ermöglichen würden. Das heißt aber auch, dass die Luftzirkulation zwingend durch die Flammendurchschlagsicherung hindurch stattfinden muss, was aufgrund der Öffnungen des netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebildes der Flammendurchschlagsicherung kein Problem darstellt.The clear width of the openings is selected to be sufficiently small so that flames are prevented from penetrating in the event of a fire. At the same time, the clear width is chosen to be sufficiently large so that the air can circulate in the air space in the event of no fire. Rear ventilation of the outer wall construction in the event of no fire is thus guaranteed. The proposed flame arrester can accordingly be arranged in the air space in such a way that it extends over the entire cross section or the entire depth of the air space, the cross section or the depth being measured perpendicular to the surface of the wall. This means that the flame arrester completely fills the air space in the cross-sectional or depth direction and no gaps remain that would allow the flame arrester to be bypassed. However, this also means that the air circulation must necessarily take place through the flame arrester, which is not a problem due to the openings in the net-like or grid-like surface structure of the flame arrester.

Die im Luftraum der erfindungsgemäßen Außenkonstruktion angeordnete Flammendurchschlagsicherung hat die Wirkung eines Flammsiebs, das verhindert, dass Brandhitze und/oder Verbrennungsgase im Luftraum aufsteigen können. Der oberhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung liegende Bereich des Luftraums wird somit vor einer Brandausweitung geschützt.The flame arrester arranged in the air space of the outer construction according to the invention has the effect of a flame screen, which prevents fire heat and / or combustion gases from rising in the air space. The area of the air space above the flame arrester is thus protected from the spread of fire.

Unter der maximalen lichten Weite w wird vorliegend der maximale Durchmesser einer kreisrunden Öffnung oder die maximale Länge einer nicht kreisrunden Öffnung in der Ebene des Flächengebildes verstanden. Das heißt, dass die Form der Öffnungen eines netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebildes beliebig sein kann. Die lichte Weite w einer Öffnung darf jedoch an keiner Stelle ein Maß von 0,75 mm übersteigen. Dort, wo die Öffnung ihre maximale lichte Weite w aufweist, darf zugleich eine lichte Weite w von 0,01 mm, vorzugsweise von 0,025 mm nicht unterschritten werden. Die Form der Öffnung bzw. Öffnungen hängt insbesondere von der konkreten Ausgestaltung des mindestens einen netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebildes der Flammendurchschlagsicherung ab. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen werden weiter unten näher beschrieben.In the present case, the maximum clear width w is understood to mean the maximum diameter of a circular opening or the maximum length of a non-circular opening in the plane of the sheet-like structure. This means that the shape of the openings of a net-like or grid-like flat structure can be any. However, the clear width w of an opening must at no point be a dimension of Exceed 0.75 mm. Where the opening has its maximum clear width w, the clear width w must not fall below 0.01 mm, preferably 0.025 mm. The shape of the opening or openings depends in particular on the specific configuration of the at least one net-like or grid-like surface structure of the flame arrester. Preferred embodiments are described in more detail below.

Bevorzugt ist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung der erfindungsgemäßen Außenwandkonstruktion im Luftraum zwischen den Bekleidungselementen und der Wand oder einer auf der Wand angeordneten Schicht, wie beispielsweise eine Wärmedämmschicht, angeordnet. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass sich die Flammendurchschlagsicherung über den gesamten Querschnitt bzw. die gesamte Tiefe des Luftraums erstreckt. Vorzugsweise ist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung zwischen den Bekleidungselementen und der Wand oder einer auf der Wand angeordneten Schicht, wie beispielsweise eine Wärmedämmschicht, eingespannt, so dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung beidseits spaltfrei anliegt und keine Spalte verbleiben, über die sich ein Brand ausweiten könnte. Mittels Einspannen kann zudem eine Lagefixierung der Flammendurchschlagsicherung bewirkt werden, so dass eine weitere Befestigung nicht zwingend erforderlich ist. Vorzugsweise werden jedoch zusätzlich mechanische Befestigungsmittel, wie beispielsweise Schrauben oder Nägel, zur Befestigung und damit dauerhaften Lagesicherung verwendet.The flame arrester of the outer wall construction according to the invention is preferably arranged in the air space between the cladding elements and the wall or a layer arranged on the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer. This ensures that the flame arrester extends over the entire cross section or the entire depth of the air space. The flame arrester is preferably clamped between the cladding elements and the wall or a layer arranged on the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer, so that the flame arrester rests without gaps on both sides and no gaps remain through which a fire could spread. The position of the flame arrester can also be fixed by means of clamping, so that further fastening is not absolutely necessary. However, mechanical fastening means, such as screws or nails for example, are also preferably used for fastening and thus permanently securing the position.

Um eine Brandausweitung wirksam zu unterbinden, muss eine Erhitzung der oberhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung liegenden Bereiche verhindert werden. Andernfalls könnten oberhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung angeordnete Baustoffe sich entzünden und/oder schmelzen. Als besonders gefährdet sind in diesem Zusammenhang Dämmstoffe aus Polymerschaumstoffen anzusehen. Aber auch Konstruktionselemente, wie beispielsweise die Unterkonstruktion zur Befestigung der Bekleidungselemente an der Wand können erweichen, so dass ihre Tragfähigkeit beeinträchtigt ist. Um dies zu verhindern, sollte die Temperatur oberhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung 600°C nicht übersteigen.In order to effectively prevent the fire from spreading, the areas above the flame arrester must be prevented from heating up. Otherwise, building materials arranged above the flame arrester could ignite and / or melt. Insulation materials made from polymer foams are to be regarded as particularly at risk in this context. But construction elements, such as the substructure for fastening the cladding elements to the wall, can soften, so that their load-bearing capacity is impaired. To prevent this, the temperature above the flame arrester should not exceed 600 ° C.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung im Luftraum im Bereich eines Brandriegels angeordnet. Der Brandriegel stellt eine zusätzliche Brandbarriere dar, so dass einer Brandausweitung effektiv entgegengewirkt wird. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn auf der Wand eine Wärmedämmschicht angeordnet ist, so dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung zwischen den Dämmplatten der Wärmedämmschicht und den Bekleidungselementen angeordnet ist. Der Brandriegel kann dann ebenfalls aus einem Wärmedämmmaterial bestehen und in die Wärmedämmschicht integriert sein.The flame arrester is advantageously arranged in the air space in the area of a fire bar. The fire bar represents an additional fire barrier, so that a fire spread is effectively counteracted. This applies in particular when a thermal insulation layer is arranged on the wall so that the flame arrester is arranged between the insulation panels of the thermal insulation layer and the cladding elements. The fire bar can then also consist of a thermal insulation material and be integrated into the thermal insulation layer.

Der Brandriegel ist vorzugsweise aus einem nichtbrennbaren Wärmedämmmaterial, wie beispielsweise Mineralwolle, gefertigt. Die hieran angrenzenden Dämmplatten können aus einem anderen Wärmedämmmaterial gefertigt sein.The fire bar is preferably made of a non-combustible thermal insulation material, such as mineral wool. The adjoining insulation panels can be made of a different thermal insulation material.

Gemäß der Erfindung umfasst die Flammendurchschlagsicherung ein zu einer Rolle oder zu einem Schlauch verformtes netz- oder gitterartiges Flächengebilde. Ein zu einer Rolle oder einem Schlauch verformtes netz- oder gitterartiges Flächengebilde lässt sich besonders einfach zwischen den Bekleidungselementen und der Wand oder einer auf der Wand angeordneten Schicht, wie beispielsweise eine Wärmedämmschicht, einspannen, da formbedingt bereits eine gewisse elastische Verformbarkeit der Flammendurchschlagsicherung gegeben ist. Zudem lässt sich eine derart gestaltete Flammdurchschlagsicherung vergleichsweise einfach und kostengünstig herstellen.According to the invention, the flame arrester comprises a net-like or lattice-like flat structure which is deformed to form a roll or hose. A net-like or lattice-like sheet-like structure formed into a roll or hose can be particularly easily clamped between the cladding elements and the wall or a layer arranged on the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer, since the shape of the flame arrester already has a certain elastic deformability. In addition, a flame arrester designed in this way can be produced comparatively simply and inexpensively.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung mindestens zwei in vertikaler Richtung übereinander und in einem Abstand zueinander angeordnete netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde auf, so dass mehrere Wirkebenen ausgebildet werden. Die mehreren Wirkebenen erhöhen die Schutzwirkung der Flammendurchschlagsicherung.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the flame arrester has at least two net-like or grid-like flat structures arranged vertically one above the other and at a distance from one another, so that several effective levels are formed. The multiple levels of action increase the protective effect of the flame arrester.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung ein intumeszierendes Dichtelement, insbesondere Dichtband, aufweist. Das Dichtelement bzw. Dichtband dehnt sich im Brandfall aufgrund der dabei entstehenden Hitze aus, so dass die Öffnungen der Flammendurchschlagsicherung durch das Dichtelement bzw. Dichtband verschlossen werden. Auf diese Weise wird eine Art Brandschott geschaffen, das einer Brandausweitung sicher entgegenwirkt.In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the flame arrester have an intumescent sealing element, in particular sealing tape. The sealing element or sealing tape expands in the event of a fire due to the resulting heat, so that the openings of the flame arrester are closed by the sealing element or sealing tape. In this way a kind of fire bulkhead is created, which safely counteracts the spread of fire.

Vorzugsweise ist das intumeszierende Dichtelement bzw. Dichtband zwischen zwei netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebilden und/oder in einem Hohlraum angeordnet, der von mindestens einem netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebilde umschlossen wird. Das Dichtelement bzw. Dichtband ist in diese Fall verliersicher gehalten. Zugleich wird eine Art Führung des Dichtelements bzw. Dichtbands erreicht, wenn es sich im Brandfall ausdehnt. Das heißt, dass eine kontrollierte Ausdehnung des Dichtelements bzw. Dichtbands erreicht wird. Sofern die Anordnung des Dichtelements bzw. Dichtbands in einem Hohlraum erfolgt, kann dieser durch mindestens ein netz- oder gitterartiges Flächengebilde ausgebildet werden, das zuvor zu einer Rolle oder einem Schlauch verformt worden ist.The intumescent sealing element or sealing tape is preferably arranged between two net-like or grid-like flat structures and / or in a cavity which is enclosed by at least one net-like or grid-like flat structure. The sealing element or sealing tape is held captive in this case. At the same time, a kind of guidance of the sealing element or sealing band is achieved when it expands in the event of a fire. This means that a controlled expansion of the sealing element or sealing tape is achieved. If the arrangement of the sealing element or sealing band takes place in a cavity, this can be formed by at least one net-like or lattice-like flat structure that has previously been deformed into a roll or tube.

Die Flammendurchschlagsicherung für eine erfindungsgemäße Außenwandkonstruktion zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie mindestens ein netz- oder gitterartiges Flächengebilde mit Öffnungen umfasst, die eine maximale lichte Weite w ≤ 0,75 mm, besitzen, wobei die lichte Weite w nicht kleiner als 0,01 mm, vorzugsweise nicht kleiner als 0,025 mm ist.The flame arrester for an outer wall construction according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one net-like or grid-like surface structure with openings which have a maximum clear width w ≤ 0.75 mm, the clear width w not being less than 0.01 mm , preferably not smaller than 0.025 mm.

Unter der maximalen lichten Weite w wird auch in diesem Zusammenhang der maximale Durchmesser einer kreisrunden Öffnung oder die maximale Länge einer nicht kreisrunden Öffnung in der Ebene des Flächengebildes verstanden. Das heißt, dass die Form der Öffnungen eines netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebildes beliebig sein kann. Die lichte Weite w einer Öffnung darf jedoch an keiner Stelle ein Maß von 0,75 mm übersteigen. Dort, wo die Öffnung ihre maximale lichte Weite w aufweist, darf zugleich eine lichte Weite w von 0,01 mm, vorzugsweise von 0,025 mm nicht unterschritten werden.In this context, too, the maximum clear width w is understood to mean the maximum diameter of a circular opening or the maximum length of a non-circular opening in the plane of the flat structure. It means that the shape of the openings of a net-like or grid-like flat structure can be any. However, the clear width w of an opening must not exceed 0.75 mm at any point. Where the opening has its maximum clear width w, the clear width w must not fall below 0.01 mm, preferably 0.025 mm.

Die maximale lichte Weite der Öffnungen des netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebildes der erfindungsgemäßen Flammendurchschlagsicherung ist derart klein gewählt, dass Brandhitze und/oder Verbrennungsgase seitlich abgeleitet werden. Das heißt, dass im Brandfall einer geschossübergreifenden Brandausweitung entgegengewirkt wird, wenn die Flammendurchschlagsicherung in einem Luftraum einer hinterlüfteten Außenwandkonstruktion angeordnet wird. Zugleich bleibt eine Hinterlüftung gewährleistet, da die Öffnungen ein vorgegebenes Mindestmaß nicht unterschreiten.The maximum clear width of the openings of the net-like or grid-like planar structure of the flame arrester according to the invention is selected to be so small that fire heat and / or combustion gases are diverted laterally. This means that, in the event of a fire, the spread of fire across floors is counteracted if the flame arrester is arranged in an air space of a rear-ventilated outer wall construction. At the same time, rear ventilation is guaranteed because the openings do not fall below a specified minimum.

Bevorzugt besteht das netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde aus Metall, da metallische Werkstoffe in der Regel gut wärmeleitend sind. Versuche haben ergeben, dass je höher die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Werkstoffs des Flächengebildes ist, desto effektiver ist die Barrierewirkung gegenüber Brandhitze und/oder Verbrennungsgase. Das heißt, dass sich die Bereiche oberhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung weniger stark erhitzen, wenn die Flammendurchschlagsicherung in eine erfindungsgemäße Außenwandkonstruktion eingebaut wird.The net-like or grid-like flat structure is preferably made of metal, since metallic materials are generally good heat conductors. Tests have shown that the higher the thermal conductivity of the material of the sheet-like structure, the more effective the barrier effect against heat from fire and / or combustion gases. This means that the areas above the flame arrester heat up less strongly if the flame arrester is installed in an outer wall construction according to the invention.

Vorzugsweise besteht das netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde aus einem Metall mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit > 10 W/(m∗K), wie beispielsweise Edelstahl oder Kupfer. Edelstahl besitzt den Vorteil, dass er eine hohe Feuerfestigkeit besitzt. Ferner weist Edelstahl eine hohe Formbeständigkeit selbst bei hohen Temperauren auf. Darüber hinaus ist Edelstahl korrosionsbeständig, so dass er insbesondere für den Außeneinsatz geeignet ist.The net-like or grid-like planar structure preferably consists of a metal with a thermal conductivity> 10 W / (m * K), such as stainless steel or copper. Stainless steel has the advantage that it has high fire resistance. In addition, stainless steel has a high dimensional stability even at high temperatures. In addition, stainless steel is corrosion-resistant, making it particularly suitable for outdoor use.

Das netz-oder gitterartige Flächengebilde kann beispielsweise ein Drahtgewebe, - gewirke, -gelege oder -geflecht sein. Derartige Drahtgebilde sind vergleichsweise einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar, so dass die Fertigungskosten insgesamt geringgehalten werden können. Aus derartigen Drahtgebilden kann zudem in einfacher Weise eine Rolle oder ein Schlauch geformt werden. Diese bzw. dieser besitzt den Vorteil, dass ein derart gestaltetes Flächengebilde unter einer leichten Formspannung in den Luftraum einer Außenwandkonstruktion eingebaut werden kann. Der Durchmesser der Rolle bzw. des Schlauchs ist hierzu geringfügig größer als der Querschnitt bzw. die Tiefe des Luftraums zu wählen. Beispielsweise kann der Durchmesser der Rolle bzw. des Schlauchs 30 mm betragen, wenn der Querschnitt des Luftraums nicht größer als 25 mm ist.The net-like or lattice-like flat structure can be, for example, a wire mesh, knitted fabric, scrim or braid. Such wire structures are comparative can be produced easily and inexpensively, so that the production costs can be kept low overall. A roll or a tube can also be formed in a simple manner from such wire structures. This or this has the advantage that a flat structure designed in this way can be built into the air space of an outer wall construction with a slight tension in the form. For this purpose, the diameter of the roller or the hose is to be selected slightly larger than the cross-section or the depth of the air space. For example, the diameter of the roller or the hose can be 30 mm if the cross section of the air space is not greater than 25 mm.

Darüber hinaus kann das netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde ein Metallgitter oder ein Lochblech sein. Auch derartige Flächengebilde sind vergleichsweise kostengünstig zu fertigen. Als Ausgangsmaterial kann beispielsweise ein Blech, insbesondere Metallblech, dienen, in das die Öffnungen nachträglich durch Stanzen oder Schneiden, beispielsweise mittels Laserschneiden, eingebracht worden sind. Auf diese Weise lassen sich besonders einfach definierte Öffnungen realisieren, die zudem in regelmäßigen Abständen angeordnet sind. In Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Dicke des Metallgitters bzw. Lochblechs können auch hieraus rollen- oder schlauchförmige Flächengebilde bzw. Flammendurchschlagsicherungen geformt werden.In addition, the net-like or grid-like flat structure can be a metal grid or a perforated plate. Such flat structures are also comparatively inexpensive to manufacture. A sheet metal, in particular sheet metal, into which the openings have subsequently been made by punching or cutting, for example by means of laser cutting, can serve as the starting material. In this way, it is possible to realize particularly simply defined openings which are also arranged at regular intervals. Depending on the respective thickness of the metal grid or perforated plate, roll-shaped or tubular flat structures or flame arresters can also be formed from this.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung zumindest bereichsweise elastisch verformbar ist. Die elastische Verformbarkeit ermöglicht ein Einspannen der Flammendurchschlagsicherung zwischen den Bekleidungselementen und der Wand einer Außenwandkonstruktion oder zwischen den Bekleidungselementen und einer auf der Wand aufgebrachten Schicht, wie beispielsweise eine Wärmedämmschicht. Über die elastische Verformbarkeit der Flammendurchschlagsicherung können zudem Bautoleranzen ausgeglichen werden, so dass es nicht zur Ausbildung von Spalten kommt, die eine Umgehung der Flammendurchschlagsicherung ermöglichen könnten.It is also proposed that the flame arrester be elastically deformable at least in some areas. The elastic deformability enables the flame arrester to be clamped between the cladding elements and the wall of an outer wall construction or between the cladding elements and a layer applied to the wall, such as a thermal insulation layer. The elastic deformability of the flame arrester can also be used to compensate for structural tolerances so that gaps do not develop that could allow the flame arrester to be bypassed.

Des Weiteren bevorzugt weist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung einen Hohlraum umschließenden kreisförmigen, elliptischen oder mehreckigen Querschnitt auf. Der Hohlraum begünstigt eine elastische Verformung der Flammendurchschlagsicherung, um diese beispielsweise in einen Luftraum einer Außenwandkonstruktion einzuspannen. Dabei kann der Hohlraum seine Querschnittsform verändern. Das heißt, dass beispielsweise ein ursprünglich kreisförmiger Querschnitt aufgrund der elastischen Verformung eine elliptische Querschnittsform annehmen kann.Furthermore, the flame arrester preferably has a circular, elliptical or polygonal cross section enclosing a cavity. The cavity promotes elastic deformation of the flame arrester in order to clamp it, for example, in an air space of an outer wall construction. The cavity can change its cross-sectional shape. This means that, for example, an originally circular cross-section can assume an elliptical cross-sectional shape due to the elastic deformation.

Gemäß der Erfindung umfasst die Flammendurchschlagsicherung ein zu einer Rolle oder zu einem Schlauch verformtes netz- oder gitterartiges Flächengebilde. Auf diese Weise wird zwangsläufig ein Hohlraum ausgebildet. Die Rollen- oder Schlauchform ermöglicht den Einbau der Flammendurchschlagsicherung mittels Einspannen, so dass die vorstehend genannten Vorteile zum Tragen kommen.According to the invention, the flame arrester comprises a net-like or lattice-like flat structure which is deformed to form a roll or hose. In this way, a cavity is inevitably formed. The roll or hose shape enables the flame arrester to be installed by clamping, so that the advantages mentioned above come into play.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung mindestens zwei netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde auf, die in einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind. Die mehreren zueinander beabstandeten netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebilde bilden jeweils eine Wirkebene aus, wenn die Flammendurchschlagsicherung in der Weise in einen Luftraum einer Außenwandkonstruktion eingebaut wird, dass die Flächengebilde in vertikaler Richtung übereinander zu liegen kommen. Die mehreren Wirkebenen erhöhen die Schutzwirkung der Flammendurchschlagsicherung.According to a further preferred embodiment, the flame arrester has at least two net-like or grid-like flat structures which are arranged at a distance from one another. The several spaced-apart net-like or grid-like flat structures each form an effective plane if the flame arrester is installed in an air space of an outer wall construction in such a way that the flat structures come to lie one above the other in the vertical direction. The multiple levels of action increase the protective effect of the flame arrester.

Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung mindestens zwei netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde aufweist, die thermisch entkoppelt sind. Die thermische Entkopplung verhindert eine Wärmeübertragung von einer ersten Wirkebene auf eine weitere Wirkebene der Flammendurchschlagsicherung. Die thermische Entkopplung kann beispielsweise über eine Seitenwand erzielt werden, die der Verbindung der Wirkebenen dient und aus einem thermisch schlecht leitenden Material, wie beispielsweise Keramik oder einem mineralischen Baustoff, besteht. Ist nur eine Seitenwand zur Verbindung zweier Wirkebenen vorgesehen, weist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung bevorzugt einen C-förmigen Querschnitt auf. Sind zwei Seitenwände vorgesehen, sind diese vorzugsweise derart angeordnet, dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung einen rechteckigen Querschnitt besitzt.Furthermore, it is proposed that the flame arrester has at least two net-like or grid-like flat structures that are thermally decoupled. The thermal decoupling prevents a heat transfer from a first effective level to a further effective level of the flame arrester. The thermal decoupling can be achieved, for example, via a side wall, which serves to connect the working planes and consists of a thermally poorly conductive material, such as ceramic or a mineral building material. If only one side wall is provided for connecting two working planes, the flame arrester preferably has a C-shaped cross section. If two side walls are provided, they are preferably arranged in such a way that the flame arrester has a rectangular cross section.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Flammendurchschlagsicherung ein intumeszierendes Dichtelement, insbesondere Dichtband, aufweist. Das intumeszierende Dichtelement bzw. Dichtband dehnt sich bei Hitze aus, so dass es im Brandfall die Öffnungen des mindestens einen netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebildes verschließt. Die Flammendurchschlagsicherung bildet in diesem Fall eine Art Brandschott aus, so dass ein noch wirksamerer Schutz gegen eine geschossübergreifende Brandausweitung geschaffen wird. Vorteilhafterweise ist das intumeszierende Dichtelement bzw. Dichtband zwischen zwei netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde und/oder in einem Hohlraum angeordnet, der beispielsweise durch ein rollen- oder schlauchförmig verformtes Flächengebilde ausgebildet wird. Das Dichtelement bzw. Dichtband ist dann verliersicher zwischen den beiden Flächengebilden bzw. im Hohlraum gehalten.In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the flame arrester have an intumescent sealing element, in particular sealing tape. The intumescent sealing element or sealing tape expands when exposed to heat, so that in the event of fire it closes the openings of the at least one net-like or lattice-like flat structure. In this case, the flame arrester forms a kind of fire bulkhead, so that an even more effective protection against fire spread across floors is created. The intumescent sealing element or sealing tape is advantageously arranged between two net-like or grid-like flat structures and / or in a cavity which is formed, for example, by a roll-shaped or hose-shaped deformed flat structure. The sealing element or sealing tape is then held captively between the two flat structures or in the cavity.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Diese zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Außenwandkonstruktion,
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch eine Flammendurchschlagsicherung für eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Außenwandkonstruktion,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine Flammendurchschlagsicherung für eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Außenwandkonstruktion,
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine Flammendurchschlagsicherung für eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Außenwandkonstruktion,
  • Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Versuchsaufbaus mit Brandriegel, aber ohne Flammendurchschlagsicherung,
  • Fig. 6 ein Diagramm zur graphischen Darstellung der Temperaturentwicklung über die Zeit bei dem Versuchsaufbau gemäß der Fig. 5,
  • Fig. 7 eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten Versuchsaufbaus mit Brandriegel und mit einer Flammendurchschlagsicherung,
  • Fig. 8 ein Diagramm zur graphischen Darstellung der Temperaturentwicklung über die Zeit bei dem Versuchsaufbau gemäß der Fig. 7 und
  • Fig. 9 ein Diagramm zur graphischen Darstellung der Temperaturentwicklung über die Zeit bei einem Versuchsaufbau gemäß der Fig. 5, jedoch zusätzlich mit einem intumeszierenden Dichtband im Luftraum.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:
  • Fig. 1 a longitudinal section through an outer wall construction according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 a cross section through a flame arrester for an outer wall construction not according to the invention,
  • Fig. 3 a cross section through a flame arrester for an outer wall construction not according to the invention,
  • Fig. 4 a cross section through a flame arrester for an outer wall construction not according to the invention,
  • Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a first experimental set-up with fire bar, but without flame arrester,
  • Fig. 6 a diagram for the graphic representation of the temperature development over time in the test setup according to FIG Fig. 5 ,
  • Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a second experimental setup with fire bar and with a flame arrester,
  • Fig. 8 a diagram for the graphic representation of the temperature development over time in the test setup according to FIG Fig. 7 and
  • Fig. 9 a diagram for the graphic representation of the temperature development over time in an experimental setup according to FIG Fig. 5 , but also with an intumescent sealing tape in the air space.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings

Die in der Fig. 1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Außenwandkonstruktion 1 umfasst einen geschossübergreifenden Luftraum 2 zur Hinterlüftung von Bekleidungselementen 3, die mittels einer den Luftraum 2 überbrückenden Unterkonstruktion 4 an einer tragenden Wand 5 befestigt sind. Die Wand 5 ist vorliegend massiv aus bewehrtem Beton ausgebildet. Sie kann aber auch aus anderen Werkstoffen, wie beispielsweise Mauerwerk oder Holz, ausgebildet werden. Darüber hinaus muss sie nicht massiv sein, so dass auch eine in einer Holzständerbauweise errichtete Wand 5 zur Aufnahme der erfindungsgemäßen Außenwandkonstruktion 1 geeignet ist.The ones in the Fig. 1 The outer wall construction 1 according to the invention shown comprises a cross-storey air space 2 for rear ventilation of clothing elements 3 which are fastened to a load-bearing wall 5 by means of a substructure 4 bridging the air space 2. In the present case, the wall 5 is made of solid reinforced concrete. But it can also be made of other materials, such as masonry or wood. In addition, it does not have to be solid, so that a wall 5 constructed in a wooden post construction is also suitable for receiving the outer wall construction 1 according to the invention.

Die Außenwandkonstruktion 1 der Fig. 1 umfasst eine Dämmplatte 13 zur Ausbildung einer Dämmschicht, insbesondere Wärmedämmschicht. Im vorliegend dargestellten Beispiel ist die Dämmplatte 13 nicht unmittelbar an der Wand 5 angebracht, sondern an einer Calciumsilikatplatte 14, die mittels einer Unterkonstruktion 15, umfassend zwei ineinandergreifende CD-Profile, an der Wand 5 befestigt ist. Die Dämmplatte 13 kann jedoch auch unmittelbar an der Wand 5 angebracht werden, so dass die Calciumsilikatplatte 14 und die Unterkonstruktion 15 entbehrlich sind.The outer wall structure 1 of the Fig. 1 comprises an insulation board 13 for forming an insulation layer, in particular a thermal insulation layer. In the example shown here, the insulation board 13 is not attached directly to the wall 5, but rather to a calcium silicate board 14 which is attached to the wall 5 by means of a substructure 15 comprising two interlocking CD profiles. The insulation board 13 can, however, also be attached directly to the wall 5, so that the calcium silicate board 14 and the substructure 15 can be dispensed with.

Die Unterkonstruktion 4 zur Überbrückung des Luftraums 2 ist vorliegend an der Calciumsilikatplatte 14 angebracht, und zwar in der Weise, dass zwischen der Rückseite der Bekleidungselemente 3 und der Vorderseite der Dämmplatte 13 der Luftraum 2 ausgebildet wird. Die Unterkonstruktion 5 umfasst vorliegend einen Wandhalter 5.1 sowie einen hieran befestigten Haltewinkel 5.2, welcher der Aufnahme des Bekleidungselements 3 dient. Das Bekleidungselement 3 ist vorliegend eine Trägerplatte, beispielsweise eine Putzträgerplatte.In the present case, the substructure 4 for bridging the air space 2 is attached to the calcium silicate board 14 in such a way that the air space 2 is formed between the rear side of the cladding elements 3 and the front side of the insulating board 13. In the present case, the substructure 5 comprises a wall bracket 5.1 and a bracket 5.2 attached to it, which is used to hold the clothing element 3. The cladding element 3 is in the present case a carrier plate, for example a plaster carrier plate.

Um in einem etwaigen Brandfall eine Brandausweitung im geschossübergreifenden Luftraum 2 zu verhindern, ist bei der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Außenwandkonstruktion 1 eine Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 im Luftraum 2 eingebaut. Diese besteht vorliegend aus einem schlauchförmig verformten, gitterartigen Flächengebilde 7, das vorliegend aus einem Drahtgewebe besteht, dessen Draht eine Stärke von 0,2 mm aufweist. Das Flächengebilde 7 weist Öffnungen 8 auf, deren maximale lichte Weite w 0,315 mm beträgt. Das Flächengebilde 7 ist demnach geeignet, Brandhitze und/oder Verbrennungsgase am Aufsteigen zu hindern. Die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 wirkt somit einer Brandausweitung im Luftraum 2 entgegen.In order to prevent the fire from spreading in the cross-storey airspace 2 in the event of a fire, the Fig. 1 The outer wall construction 1 according to the invention shown has a flame arrester 6 installed in the air space 2. This consists in the present case of a tubular, deformed, lattice-like flat structure 7, which in the present case consists of a wire mesh, the wire of which has a thickness of 0.2 mm. The flat structure 7 has openings 8, the maximum clear width w of which is 0.315 mm. The planar structure 7 is therefore suitable for preventing the heat of fire and / or combustion gases from rising. The flame arrester 6 thus counteracts the spread of fire in the air space 2.

Der Durchmesser des schlauchförmig verformten, gitterartigen Flächengebildes 7 ist geringfügig größer als der Querschnitt a des Luftspalts 2 gewählt, so dass das Flächengebilde 7 bzw. die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 zwischen der Dämmplatte 13 und dem Bekleidungselement 3 eingespannt ist. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass das Flächengebilde 7 bzw. die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 weitgehend spaltfrei an der Dämmplatte 13 und an der Bekleidungsplatte 3 anliegt. Im Brandfall haben demnach die Flammen keine Möglichkeit, die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 zu umgehen. Dies gilt im Besonderen, da im Bereich der Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 die Dämmschicht einen sich horizontal erstreckenden Brandriegel 10 aus einem nicht brennbaren Wärmedämmmaterial aufweist. Um die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 zu einem Brandschott aufzuwerten, kann im Hohlraum 12 des schlauchförmig verformten, gitterartigen Flächengebildes 7 zusätzlich ein intumeszierendes Dichtelement 11 angeordnet werden, das sich im Brandfall aufgrund der Hitze ausdehnt und den Hohlraum 12 ausfüllt.The diameter of the tubular, deformed, lattice-like sheet-like structure 7 is selected to be slightly larger than the cross-section a of the air gap 2, so that the sheet-like structure 7 or the flame arrester 6 is clamped between the insulation panel 13 and the cladding element 3. This ensures that the flat structure 7 or the flame arrester 6 rests largely without gaps on the insulation board 13 and on the cladding board 3. In the event of a fire, the flames therefore have no way of bypassing the flame arrester 6. This applies in particular, since in the area of the flame arrester 6 the insulation layer has a horizontally extending fire bar 10 made of a non-combustible thermal insulation material. In order to upgrade the flame arrester 6 to a fire bulkhead, an intumescent sealing element 11 can also be arranged in the cavity 12 of the tubular, deformed, lattice-like surface structure 7, which in the event of fire expands due to the heat and fills the cavity 12.

Der Fig. 2 ist eine Ausführungsform einer Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 für eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Außenkonstruktion 1 zu entnehmen. Hier weist die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 zwei in einem Abstand A übereinander angeordnete netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde 7 auf, die an zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Seiten über Seitenwände 16 verbunden sind. Die Seitenwände 16 sind aus einem thermisch schlecht leitenden Material gefertigt, so dass über die Seitenwände 16 eine thermische Trennung der beiden netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebilde 7 bewirkt wird. Die Öffnungen 8 der beiden netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebilde 7 weisen jeweils eine maximale lichte Weite w auf, die vorliegend 0,5 mm beträgt. Jedes Flächengebilde 7 bildet somit eine Art Flammensieb aus, das im Brandfall einer Brandausweitung entgegenwirkt. Dadurch, dass zwei Flächengebilde 7 in vertikaler Richtung übereinander angeordnet sind, werden zwei Wirkebenen ausgebildet, durch welche eine besonders effektive Brandbarriere geschaffen wird.Of the Fig. 2 an embodiment of a flame arrester 6 for an external structure 1 not according to the invention can be seen. Here the flame arrester 6 has two net-like or lattice-like flat structures 7 arranged one above the other at a distance A, which are connected on two opposite sides via side walls 16. The side walls 16 are made of a thermally poorly conductive material, so that a thermal separation of the two net-like or lattice-like flat structures 7 is effected via the side walls 16. The openings 8 of the two net-like or grid-like planar structures 7 each have a maximum clear width w, which in the present case is 0.5 mm. Each flat structure 7 thus forms a type of flame sieve which counteracts the spread of fire in the event of a fire. Because two planar structures 7 are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction, two working planes are formed through which a particularly effective fire barrier is created.

Eine Abwandlung der Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 der Fig. 2 ist der Fig. 3 zu entnehmen. Hier sind die beiden netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebilde 7 nur über eine Seitenwand 16 verbunden. Die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 weist demnach einen C-förmigen Querschnitt auf.A modification of the flame arrester 6 of the Fig. 2 is the Fig. 3 refer to. Here the two net-like or lattice-like flat structures 7 are only connected via a side wall 16. The flame arrester 6 accordingly has a C-shaped cross section.

Eine Weiterbildung der Ausführungsform der Fig. 3 ist in der Fig. 4 dargestellt. An der Seitenwand 16 ist ein intumeszierendes Dichtelement 11 angebracht, und zwar innenseitig, so dass im Brandfall aufgrund der Brandhitze das Dichtelement 11 aufquillt und die Öffnungen 8 der beiden netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebilde 7 verschließt. Die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 wird auf diese Weise zu einem Brandschott aufgewertet.A further development of the embodiment of Fig. 3 is in the Fig. 4 shown. An intumescent sealing element 11 is attached to the side wall 16, namely on the inside, so that in the event of a fire, the sealing element 11 swells due to the heat of the fire and the openings 8 of the two net-like or grid-like flat structures 7 are closed. The flame arrester 6 is upgraded in this way to a fire bulkhead.

Analog der Fig. 4 kann natürlich auch die Ausführungsform der Fig. 2 durch Anordnung eines intumeszierendes Dichtelements 11 im Hohlraum 12 aufgewertet werden.Analog of the Fig. 4 can of course also the embodiment of Fig. 2 can be upgraded by arranging an intumescent sealing element 11 in the cavity 12.

Die Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 wurde anhand von Versuchen nachgewiesen. Nachfolgend werden unterschiedliche Versuchsaufbauten und die hiermit erzielten Ergebnisse beschrieben.The effectiveness of the flame arrester 6 according to the invention has been proven on the basis of tests. Different experimental set-ups and the results achieved with them are described below.

Der Fig. 5 ist zunächst ein Versuchsaufbau ohne erfindungsgemäße Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 zu entnehmen, um Referenzwerte zu erhalten. Zwischen zwei Calciumsilikatplatten 14 mit den Abmessungen 180 mm (Breite) x 250 mm (Höhe), die in einem Abstand b = 80 mm angeordnet wurden, wurde unter Ausbildung eines Luftraums 2 ein Brandriegel 10 aus Mineralwolle mit den Abmessungen 50 mm (Dicke) x 100 mm (Höhe) angeordnet. Der Luftraum 2 besaß somit einen Querschnitt a = 30 mm. Im Bereich des Brandriegels 10, und zwar auf Höhe der Unterkante des Brandriegels 10, mittig sowie auf Höhe der Oberkante des Brandriegels 10, wurden im Luftraum 2 zwei Temperatursensoren 17 angeordnet, um während des Versuchs die Temperatur im Luftraum 2 zu ermitteln. Der vorstehend beschriebene Aufbau wurde auf einen Unterbau aus Kalksandsteinen 18 mit einer Höhe h = 230 mm aufgestellt. Zwischen die Kalksandsteine 18 wurde ein Bunsenbrenner 19 platziert, mittels dessen der Aufbau beflammt werden konnte. Während der Beflammung wurden über einen Zeitraum von 6 Minuten die Temperaturen im Luftraum 2 gemessen. Das Ergebnis der Messungen ist in der Fig. 6 graphisch in einem Diagramm dargestellt. Die obere Linie ist dem unteren Temperatursensor 17 und die untere Linie dem oberen Temperatursensor 17 zuzuordnen. Das Diagramm zeigt deutlich, dass die Temperaturen oberhalb des Brandriegels 10 bei einer Beflammung des Versuchsaufbaus mit dem Bunsenbrenner 19 sehr schnell über 500°C stiegen.Of the Fig. 5 a test set-up without a flame arrester 6 according to the invention can first be seen in order to obtain reference values. Between two calcium silicate plates 14 with the dimensions 180 mm (width) x 250 mm (height), which were arranged at a distance b = 80 mm, a fire bar 10 made of mineral wool with the dimensions 50 mm (thickness) x was formed to form an air space 2 100 mm (height) arranged. The air space 2 thus had a cross section a = 30 mm. In the area of the fire bar 10, at the level of the lower edge of the fire bar 10, in the middle and at the level of the upper edge of the fire bar 10, two temperature sensors 17 were arranged in the air space 2 in order to determine the temperature in the air space 2 during the experiment. The structure described above was set up on a substructure made of sand-lime bricks 18 with a height h = 230 mm. A Bunsen burner 19 was placed between the sand-lime bricks 18, by means of which the structure could be exposed to a flame. During the flame application, the temperatures in the air space 2 were measured over a period of 6 minutes. The result of the measurements is in the Fig. 6 graphically represented in a diagram. The upper line is assigned to the lower temperature sensor 17 and the lower line to the upper temperature sensor 17. The diagram clearly shows that the temperatures Above the fire bar 10 when the test setup was exposed to a flame with the Bunsen burner 19 rose very quickly over 500 ° C.

Ein weiterer Versuch wurde an einem Versuchsaufbau durchgeführt, der in der Fig. 7 dargestellt ist. Dieser gleicht dem Versuchsaufbau der Fig. 5 mit dem Unterschied, dass in den Luftraum 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 eingespannt wurde. Diese bestand aus einer Rolle aus einem Drahtgitter mit einer Drahtstärke von 0,2 mm und einer maximalen lichten Weite w von 0,315 mm. Die Beflammung wurde mit demselben Bunsenbrenner 19 durchgeführt. Zum Messen der Temperaturen wurden wie zuvor zwei Temperatursensoren 17 im Luftspalt 2 platziert, und zwar wiederum auf Höhe der Unterkante des Brandriegels 10 sowie auf Höhe der Oberkante des Brandriegels 10. Während des Versuchs konnte beobachtet werden, dass ab und zu ein kleiner Flammendurchschlag durch die Drahtgitterrolle stattfand, im Übrigen konnte ein Flammendurchschlag erfolgreich verhindert werden. Die Temperaturmessungen zeigten, dass nach drei Minuten Beflammung die Temperatur oberhalb das Brandriegels 10 lediglich 250°C betrug.Another experiment was carried out on an experimental set-up that is described in the Fig. 7 is shown. This is similar to the experimental setup of Fig. 5 with the difference that a flame arrester 6 according to the invention was clamped into the air space 2. This consisted of a roll of wire mesh with a wire thickness of 0.2 mm and a maximum clear width w of 0.315 mm. The flame was applied with the same Bunsen burner 19. To measure the temperatures, two temperature sensors 17 were placed in the air gap 2 as before, again at the level of the lower edge of the fire bar 10 and at the level of the upper edge of the fire bar 10. During the experiment, it was observed that from time to time a small flame penetration through the Wire mesh roll took place, otherwise a flame penetration could be successfully prevented. The temperature measurements showed that after three minutes of exposure to the flame, the temperature above the fire bar 10 was only 250 ° C.

Die während des Versuchs mittels der Temperatursensoren 17 gemessenen Temperaturen sind in der Fig. 8 graphisch dargestellt. Die obere Linie ist dem Temperaturverlauf unterhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 und die untere Linie ist dem Temperaturverlauf oberhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 zuzuordnen. Oberhalb der Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 konnten die Temperaturen auf Werte gehalten werden, die deutlich unter 600°C liegen. Ferner ist es weder zu einem nennenswerten Flammendurchschlag, noch zum Durchtritt brennender Gase gekommen. Die Energie des Bunsenbrenners 19 wurde durch die Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 seitlich abgeleitet. Die Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 wurde damit nachgewiesen.The temperatures measured by means of the temperature sensors 17 during the experiment are shown in FIG Fig. 8 graphically represented. The upper line is assigned to the temperature profile below the flame arrester 6 and the lower line is assigned to the temperature profile above the flame arrester 6. Above the flame arrester 6, the temperatures could be kept at values which are well below 600 ° C. Furthermore, there was neither a noticeable flashover of flames, nor the passage of burning gases. The energy of the Bunsen burner 19 was diverted laterally by the flame arrester 6. The effectiveness of the flame arrester 6 according to the invention was thus demonstrated.

Zum Vergleich wurden Messungen an einem Versuchsaufbau durchgeführt, der dem der Fig. 5 entspricht, bei dem jedoch zusätzlich im Luftraum 2 ein intumeszierendes Dichtelement 11 angeordnet wurde. Als intumeszierendes Dichtelement 11 diente ein Dichtband mit dem Namen "Roku Strip". Anschließend wurden das Dichtband und der Brandriegel 10 mit dem Bunsenbrenner 19 beflammt und die Temperaturen mittels der beiden Temperatursensoren 17 gemessen. Die Messergebnisse sind in dem Diagramm der Fig. 9 graphisch dargestellt. Wie dem Diagramm zu entnehmen ist, stiegen die Temperaturen oberhalb des Brandriegels (untere Linie) schnell auf Werte über 500°C an, da die Wirkung des Dichtbands erst verzögert eintrat, und zwar erst nach einer Minute. Es ist dann nochmal eine halbe Minute vergangen, bis das aufquellende Dichtband den Luftraum 2 vollständig verschlossen hat.For comparison, measurements were carried out on a test setup similar to that of the Fig. 5 corresponds, in which, however, an intumescent sealing element 11 was additionally arranged in the air space 2. A was used as the intumescent sealing element 11 Sealing tape named "Roku Strip". The sealing tape and the fire bar 10 were then exposed to a flame with the Bunsen burner 19 and the temperatures were measured by means of the two temperature sensors 17. The measurement results are shown in the diagram of Fig. 9 graphically represented. As can be seen from the diagram, the temperatures above the fire bar (lower line) rose quickly to values above 500 ° C, since the sealing tape only took effect after a minute. Another half a minute has passed before the swelling sealing tape has completely closed the air space 2.

Der Versuch zeigt, dass ein intumeszierendes Dichtelement 11 allein - aufgrund seiner Reaktionszeit - nicht geeignet ist, Schaden von einer Außenwandkonstruktion 1 fern zu halten. Denn bis die Wirkung des intumeszierenden Dichtelements 11 eintritt, können sich Flammen bereits durchgeschlagen und die Außenwandkonstruktion 1 oberhalb des Brandriegels 10 entzündet haben.The experiment shows that an intumescent sealing element 11 alone - due to its reaction time - is not suitable for keeping damage from an outer wall construction 1 away. Because by the time the intumescent sealing element 11 takes effect, flames can already have penetrated and the outer wall structure 1 above the fire bar 10 ignited.

Wird jedoch ein intumeszierendes Dichtelement 11 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Flammendurchschlagsicherung 6 kombiniert, ist die Reaktionszeit des Dichtelements 11 nicht länger von Nachteil, da bis zum Aufquellen des Dichtelements 11 das netz- oder gitterartige Flächengebilde 7 die Flammen vom Durchschlagen abhält. Ist anschließend das Dichtelement 11 vollständig aufgequollen, sind auch die Öffnungen 8 des netz- oder gitterartigen Flächengebildes 7 verschlossen, so dass eine effektive Brandbarriere ausgebildet wird.If, however, an intumescent sealing element 11 is combined with a flame arrester 6 according to the invention, the reaction time of the sealing element 11 is no longer a disadvantage, since until the sealing element 11 swells, the net-like or grid-like flat structure 7 keeps the flames from penetrating. If the sealing element 11 is then completely swollen, the openings 8 of the net-like or grid-like flat structure 7 are also closed, so that an effective fire barrier is formed.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
AußenwandkonstruktionExterior wall construction
22
Luftraumairspace
33
BekleidungselementClothing element
44th
UnterkonstruktionSubstructure
55
Wandwall
66th
FlammendurchschlagsicherungFlame arrester
77th
netz- oder gitterartiges Flächengebildereticulated or grid-like flat structure
88th
Öffnungopening
99
Schichtlayer
1010
BrandriegelFire bar
1111
intumeszierendes Dichtelementintumescent sealing element
1212
Hohlraumcavity
1313
DämmplatteInsulation board
1414th
CalciumsilikatplatteCalcium silicate board
1515th
UnterkonstruktionSubstructure
1616
SeitenwandSide wall
1717th
TemperatursensorTemperature sensor
1818th
KalksandsteinSand-lime brick
1919th
BunsenbrennerBunsen burner

Claims (9)

  1. An exterior wall construction (1) with an air space (2) that extends across floors and serves for the back-ventilation of cladding elements (3), which are fastened on a supporting wall (5) by means of a substructure (4) that bridges the air space (2), wherein a flame arrester (6), which extends horizontally and over the entire cross section (a) of the air space (2), is arranged in the air space (2) and comprises at least one net-like or screen-like planar structure (7) with openings (8), characterized in that
    the openings (8) have a maximum clear width (w) ≤ 0.75 mm, and in that
    the clear width (w) is no smaller than 0.01 mm, preferably no smaller than 0.025 mm, such that an air circulation required for the back-ventilation is ensured in the air space (2), and that
    the flame arrester (6) comprises a net-like or screen-like planar structure (7) that is formed into a roll or into a tube.
  2. The exterior wall construction (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the net-like or screen-like planar structure (7) consists of metal, preferably a metal with a thermal conductivity > 10 W/(m∗K), e.g. high-grade steel or copper.
  3. The exterior wall construction (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the net-like or screen-like planar structure (7) is a wire webbing, a wire knitting, a wire netting, a wire braiding, a metal screen or a perforated sheet.
  4. The exterior wall construction (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the flame arrester (6) can be elastically deformed at least in certain areas.
  5. The exterior wall construction (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the flame arrester (6) has a circular, elliptical or polygonal cross section that encloses a hollow space (12).
  6. The exterior wall construction (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the flame arrester (6) comprises at least two net-like or screen-like planar structures (7), which are arranged vertically on top of one another and spaced apart from one another by a distance (A) and/or are thermally decoupled.
  7. The exterior wall construction (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the flame arrester (6) comprises an intumescent sealing element (11), particularly a sealing band, which preferably is arranged between two net-like or screen-like planar structures (7) and/or in the hollow space (12).
  8. The exterior wall construction (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the flame arrester (6) is arranged, preferably clamped, in the air space (2) between the cladding elements (3) and the wall (5) or a layer (9) arranged on the wall (5), e.g. a heat insulation layer.
  9. The exterior wall construction (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the flame arrester (6) is arranged in the air space (2) in the region of a fire barrier (10), which preferably is made of a nonflammable heat insulation material, e.g. mineral wool.
EP17201939.0A 2017-11-15 2017-11-15 Construction of an exterior wall and flame arrester for a construction of an exterior wall Active EP3486390B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17201939.0A EP3486390B1 (en) 2017-11-15 2017-11-15 Construction of an exterior wall and flame arrester for a construction of an exterior wall

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17201939.0A EP3486390B1 (en) 2017-11-15 2017-11-15 Construction of an exterior wall and flame arrester for a construction of an exterior wall

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EP3486390A1 EP3486390A1 (en) 2019-05-22
EP3486390B1 true EP3486390B1 (en) 2020-08-26

Family

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Country Link
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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111456359B (en) * 2020-05-13 2021-09-10 河北富思特新型建材有限公司 Fireproof decorative heat-insulation board

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3011453A1 (en) * 1980-03-25 1981-10-01 Herberts Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal LARGE CARRIER MATERIAL WITH A COATING, PROCESS FOR PROTECTING OBJECTS AGAINST FIRE AND THE USE OF THE LARGE CARRIER MATERIAL HERE
JP3014122B2 (en) * 1990-06-20 2000-02-28 ミサワホーム株式会社 Ventilation structure at the base of a unit house
DE10060252A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2002-01-10 Illbruck Gmbh Fire protection component (1) has metal support with through apertures separated by ribs, for example of stretch metal, achieving flow-opening barrier, which in event of fire seals against fire and smoke
CH697409B1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2008-09-30 Swisspor Man Ag Ventilated insulated building facade.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANONYMOUS: "Fine Mesh From 0.5mm To 0.025mm Hole Size", 16 June 2014 (2014-06-16), XP055597696, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20140616200106/https://www.themeshcompany.com/products/Fine-Mesh---0.5mm---0.025mm-Hole-Size.html> [retrieved on 20190618] *

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