Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/026—Butene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
  • C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
  • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
  • C10M2207/4045—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
  • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to lubricant compositions. Specifically, it relates to vegetable oil based lubricants that comprise synthetic oils made by all-hydroprocessing routes. More specifically, it relates to lubricants that provide enhanced properties including viscosity index, pour points, low temperature pumpability, low volatility, oxidation stability, electrical insulating value, the ability to formulate different viscosities, and microbial biodegradability. It is generally known that vegetable oil based lubricants can be formed using additives including the non-lube portion of natural vacuum gas oil feedstock.
• hydrogenation i.e., hydrofinishing
• hydrofinishing is sometimes used to saturate the molecules making them less susceptible to oxidative degradation when used as a lubricant. It is generally recognized that hydrofinishing associated with solvent processes, although useful, is typically very mild, resulting in minimal change to the primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of the finished product.
• Viscosity Index measures the resistance of an oil to viscosity change as temperature changes.
• Hydrocracking and hydroisomerization are refining processes that use catalyst and hydrogen at high pressure to make high-quality lubricant base oils. Hydrocracking is used to improve VI and remove impurities, while hydroisomerization converts wax molecules into high quality lubricant components.
• Groups I, II, and III are broad categories of base stocks developed by the American Petroleum Institute for the purpose of creating guidelines for licensing engine oils. Typically, solvent-refined base oils fall into Group I, while hydroprocessed base stocks fall into Group II. Unconventional Base Oils (UCBOs) or Very-High VI stocks are normally categorized as Group III.
• Group II+ though not an official API designation is a term used increasingly to describe Group II stocks of higher VI (110-119) and lower volatility than typical group II stocks.
• Group I oils contain high levels of sulfur and aromatics, which are compounds that can diminish performance. Hydroprocessed Group II and III oils have lower levels of these impurities, which result in enhanced oxidation performance for fully-formulated lubricants. Recent refining processes have formed a new class of synthetic oils. For example, a technical paper by the Chevron Products Company entitled: "The Synthetic Nature Of Group III Base Oils", Presented at the 1999 Lubricants & Waxes Meeting, November 11-12, Houston TX (National Petrochemical & Refiners Association) discloses an all-hydroprocessing manufacturing route that combines three catalytic processes to significantly and selectively change the size, shape, and heteroatom content of the molecules to improve their lubricating properties.
• Hydrogen is added at high temperature and pressure in all three steps to make oil of exceptional stability. Impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen are essentially completely removed.
• feedstock is converted to saturates, which are enriched in isoparaffins.
• Reactive species such as those containing aromatics, sulfur, and nitrogen are virtually gone and species that create problems with low temperature performance, such as normal paraffins, are also eliminated.
• the paper concludes the analysis of the feed and product from a commercial Group III production run, which shows that a vast majority of feed molecules are synthetically altered by the three catalytic processes used to make modern all-hydroprocessed Group III base oils.
• compositions comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD), a derivative of DMTD, or mixtures thereof; (c) a friction modifier; and (d) a dispersant, are useful for lubricating a transmission having a plurality of wet clutches and a plurality of partial power transmission shafts, wherein shifting of gears occurs by a process comprising synchronization of an engaged and a non-engaged partial transmission shaft and engagement of a wet clutch.
• DMTD 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole
• 6,451,745 discloses that a continuously variable transmission can be lubricated by supplying to them a composition of (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a dispersant; and (c) a detergent. At least one of the dispersant (b) and the detergent (c) is a borated species, and the amount of boron present in the composition is sufficient to impart improved friction and anti-seizure properties to the composition when employed in said transmission.
• a composition of of (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a dispersant; and (c) a detergent.
• At least one of the dispersant (b) and the detergent (c) is a borated species, and the amount of boron present in the composition is sufficient to impart improved friction and anti-seizure properties to the composition when employed in said transmission.
• 6,444,622 discloses mixtures of the reaction product of at least one C 5 -C 30 carboxylic acid and at least one amine selected from the group comprising: guanidine, aminoguanidine, urea, thioruea and salts thereof and a phosphorus-containing dispersant are useful as gear oil additives.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,303,547 discloses that the reaction product of at least one C 5 - C 6 o carboxylic acid and at least one amine selected from the group comprising: guanidine, aminoguanidine, urea, thioruea and salts thereof is useful as a gear oil additive.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,103,673 discloses a composition comprising of an oil of lubricating viscosity; a shear stable viscosity modifier; at least 0.1 percent by weight of an overbased metal salt; at least 0.1 percent by weight of at least one phosphorus compound; and 0.1 to 0.25 percent by weight of a combination of at least two friction modifiers provides an improved fluid for continuously variable transmissions.
• At least one of the friction modifiers is selected from the group comprising: zinc salts of fatty acids having at least 10 carbon atoms, hydrocarbyl imidazolines containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group, and borated epoxides.
• the total amount of the friction modifiers is limited to those amounts which provide a metal-to-metal coefficient of friction of at least about 0.120 as measured at 110°C by ASTM-G-77.
• the references do not disclose enabling lubricant formulations containing a combination of vegetable oil and hydroprocessed base oils (group III) and thus fail to teach or suggest the advantages associated with such formulations.
• All-hydroprocessing includes three steps as follows: hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and hydrofinishing. In the first step, hydrocracking, the majority of sulfur, nitrogen, and essentially all other non-hydrocarbon impurities are removed and most aromatics are saturated via hydrogen addition. Molecular reshaping of remaining saturated species occurs as rings are opened and paraffin isomers are redistributed, driven by thermodynamics with reaction rates facilitated by catalysts.
• Clean fuels are byproducts of this and subsequent steps of the process.
• hydroisomerization n-paraffins and other molecules with waxy side chains are isomerized into branched molecules with much lower pour points. The majority of remaining aromatics are saturated and the majority of remaining sulfur and nitrogen species are removed.
• hydrofinishing any remaining non-isoparaffin impurities (sulfur species, nitrogen species, aromatics, and olefins) are removed to trace levels.
• Environmental issues related to discarded and/or spent lubricants are also concerns that need to be addressed. For example, biodegradable resistant lubricants can stress an ecosystem when improperly discarded or accidentally discharged into the environment.
• the present invention is directed to vegetable oil based lubricants using all- hydroprocessed synthetic based oils.
• the lubricants are shown to provide enhanced properties including viscosity index, pour point, low temperature pumpability, low volatility, oxidation stability, electrical insulating value, and microbial biodegradability.
• the lubricants of the present invention comprise: 1) at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: natural vegetable oil, synthetic vegetable oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof: 2) at least one all-hydroprocessed synthetic base oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than 0.03 percent, saturates equal to or greater than 90 percent, and a viscosity index equal to or greater than 120: and 3) at least one antioxidant.
• the lubricants are characterized as having enhanced microbial biodegradability making them environmentally friendly. Surprisingly, some compositions can have an all- hydroprocessed based oil content greater than about 60% and pass ultimate biodegradability test method ASTM D-5864 Pwl .
• inventive compositions have excellent rheological properties and a super high viscosity index of about 120 to 200, making them particularly useful as hydraulic oils, transmission fluids, engine oils, gear oil, rock drill oils, circulating oils, drip oils, spindle oils, compressor oils, grease base oils, corrosion inhibitor oils, heat transfer oils, cable oils, chain oils, general purpose oils, metal working oils, and electrical insulating oils.
• the present invention discloses a method for the preparation of vegetable oil based lubricants comprising the steps of: 1) providing at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: natural vegetable oil, synthetic vegetable oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof: 2) providing at least one all-hydroprocessed synthetic base oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than 0.03 percent, saturates equal to or greater than 90 percent, and a viscosity index equal to or greater than 120; 3) providing at least one antioxidant; then
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of enhancing the lubrication of mechanical equipment comprising the steps of: a) providing at least one lubricant comprising: 1) at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: natural vegetable oil, synthetic vegetable oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof; 2) at least one all-hydroprocessed synthetic base oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than 0.03 percent, saturates equal to or greater than 90 percent, and a viscosity index equal to or greater than 120; 3) at least one antioxidant; then b) adding an effective amount of said lubricant into said equipment.
• a lubricant composition includes at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: natural vegetable oil, synthetic vegetable oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof, at least one synthetic base oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than about 0.03 percent and saturates equal to or greater than about 90 percent, and at least one antioxidant.
• the vegetable oil is selected from the group comprising: sunflower oil, canola oil, soybean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, palm oil, castor bean oil, cotton oil, lesquerella oil, crambe oil, safflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic canola oil, high oleic soybean oil, high oleic corn oil, high oleic peanut oil, high oleic cotton oil, high oleic safflower oil, and mixtures thereof.
• the vegetable oil is present in an amount greater than about 10%, based on total weight.
• the vegetable oil is present in an amount less than about 90%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the vegetable oil is present in a range from about 10% to about 90%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the vegetable oil is present in a range from about 30% to about 70%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the vegetable oil is present in a range from about 40% to about 60%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the base oil is an all- hydroprocessed synthetic base oil. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the base oil is present in an amount greater than about 10%, based on total weight.
• the base oil is present in an amount less than about 90%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the base oil is present in a range from about 10% to about 90%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the base oil is present in a range from about 30% to about 70%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the base oil is present in a range from about 40% to about 60%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the antioxidant is selected from the group comprising: amines, phenols, and mixtures thereof.
• the antioxidant is present in a range from about 0.01% to about 5.0%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the antioxidant is present in a range from about 0.25% to about 1.5%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the antioxidant is present in a range from about 0.5% to about 1.0%, based on total weight. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the composition further includes at least one additive, the additive chosen from the group comprising: anti-wear inhibitor, extreme pressure additive, friction modifier, rust inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor, pour point depressant, tackifier, viscosity modifier, metal deactivator, foam inhibitor, emulsifier, and demulsifier.
• the at least one additive is a phosphorous amine salt of the formula: X II + (R 9 0) friendship— P-(X RWR a R«),, H wherein R 9 and R 10 are independently aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to about 24 carbon atoms, R 22 and R 23 are independently hydrogen or aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to about 18 aliphatic carbon atoms, the sum of m and n is 3 and X is oxygen or sulfur.
• the phosphorous amine salt includes R 9 contains from about 8 up to 18 carbon atoms, R 10 is CH J R»-C- I CH 3 wherein R 11 is an aliphatic group containing from about 6 up to about 12 carbon atoms, R and R are hydrogen, m is 2, n is 1 and X is oxygen.
• the at least one additive is chosen from the group comprising (in the following list, the different additives are separated by semicolons): phosphorous amine salt having the formula: X II + (R 9 0) m — P-CXNR ⁇ 0R22R23),, H wherein R and R 10 are independently aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to 99 ? about 24 carbon atoms, R and R are independently hydrogen or aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to about 18 aliphatic carbon atoms, the sum of m and n is 3 and X is oxygen or sulfur; phosphorous amine salt having the formula:
• R 9 and R 10 are independently aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to 99 ⁇ about 24 carbon atoms
• R and R are independently hydrogen or aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to about 18 aliphatic carbon atoms
• the sum of m and n is 3
• X is oxygen or sulfur
• R contains from about 8 up to 18 carbon atoms
• R is CH, R"-C- I CH 3 wherein R 11 is an aliphatic group containing from about 6 up to about 12 carbon atoms,
• R 22 and R 23 are hydrogen, m is 2, n is 1 and X is oxygen; phosphorous compound having the formula:
• R , R , and R are independent hydrogen, an aliphatic or alkoxy group containing from 1 up to about 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl or aryloxy group wherein the aryl group is phenyl or naphthyl and the aryloxy group is phenoxy or naphthoxy and X is oxygen or sulfur; N-acyl derivative of sarcosine having the formula:
• R 8 is an aliphatic group containing from 1 up to about 24 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, R contains from 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and in one embodiment from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• An example of an additive of N-acyl derivative of sarcosine is N- methyl-N-(l-oxo-9-octadecenyl) glycine wherein R is a heptadecenyl group; imidazoline; triazole; substituted triazole; tolu-triazole; alkylated polystyrene; polyalkyl methacrylate; ethylene vinyl acetate; polyisobutylenes; polymethacrylates; olefin copolymer; ester of styrene maleic anyhdride copolymer; hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymer; hydrogenated radial polyisoprene; alkylated polystyrene; fumed si
• the anti-wear inhibitor is from about 0.1% to about 4% by total weight
• the corrosion inhibitor is from about 0.01% to about 4% by total weight
• the metal deactivator is from about 0.05% to about 0.3%) by total weight
• the pour point depressant is from about 0.2% ⁇ to about 4% by total weight
• the viscosity modifier is from about 0.5% to about 30% by total weight.
• the corrosion inhibitor is from about 0.05%) to about 2% by total weight
• the metal deactivator is from about 0.05% to about 0.2% by total weight
• the viscosity modifier is from about 1% to about 20% by total weight.
• the synthetic base oil has a viscosity index equal to or greater than about 120.
• the composition has an oxidation characteristic in a range from about 60 to about 600 minutes.
• the oxidation characteristic is in a range from about 200 to about 400 minutes.
• the base oil is at least one oil chosen from the group comprising: synthetic ester base oil, polyalphaolefin, unrefined oil, refined oil, re-refined oil, and mixtures thereof.
• a method of making a lubricant composition includes the steps of providing at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: natural vegetable oil, synthetic vegetable oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof, providing at least one synthetic base oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than about 0.03 percent and saturates equal to or greater than about 90 percent, providing at least one antioxidant, and blending together the vegetable oil, the base oil, and the at least one antioxidant.
• a lubricant composition includes at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: sunflower oil, canola oil, soybean oil, com oil, peanut oil, palm oil, castor bean oil, cotton oil, lesquerella oil, crambe oil, safflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic canola oil, high oleic soybean oil, high oleic com oil, high oleic peanut oil, high oleic cotton oil, high oleic safflower oil, and mixtures thereof, wherein the at least one vegetable oil is present in a range from about 40%) to about 60%), at least one synthetic base oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than about 0.03 percent, saturates equal to or greater than about 90 percent, and a viscosity index equal to or greater than about 120, wherein the base oil is present in a range from about 40% to about 60%, at least one antioxidant selected from the group comprising amines, phenols,
• a mechanical device containing at least one lubricant includes at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: natural vegetable oil, synthetic vegetable oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof, at least one synthetic base oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than 0.03 percent, saturates equal to or greater than 90 percent, and a viscosity index equal to or greater than 120, and at least one antioxidant, wherein the lubricant has a viscosity index greater than 120 and passes biodegradability test method ASTM D-5864 (Pwl).
• ASTM D-5864 biodegradability test method
• compositions of the present invention comprise at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising: natural vegetable oil, synthetic vegetable oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof.
• the vegetable oils include safflower, canola, peanut, com, rapeseed, sunflower, cottonseed, lesquerella, palm, castor, meadow foam, and soybean. Suitable vegetable oils are further described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,534,454 Bl, incorporated herein by reference.
• the vegetable oils are high oleic sunflower and high oleic canola, primarily because of availability.
• the vegetable oil is present in the composition in a range of from about 10 percent to about 90 percent, in another embodiment the vegetable oil is from about 30 percent to about 70 percent, and in another embodiment, the vegetable oil is from about 40 percent to about 60 percent.
• a vegetable content greater than 90, although still contemplated within the present invention, is less desirable in that there is a reduction in oxidation and cold temperature stability.
• the composition of the present invention comprises at least one all- hydroprocessed synthetic base oil (group III). All-hydroprocessed synthetic base oils are available in the industry from base oil producers like Chevron and can be produced in different viscosity ranges but are normally in 2, 4, and 7 centistokes (cSt) @ 100° C.
• the all-hydroprocessed base oil is present in the composition in a range of from about 10 percent to about 90 percent, and in one embodiment, from about 30 percent to about 70 percent, and in another embodiment, from about 40 percent to about 60 percent.
• a Group III base oil content greater than 80 percent is less desirable in that there is a reduction in biodegradability.
• the composition of the present invention comprises at least one antioxidant.
• the antioxidants include amine and/or phenol, but other antioxidants may be used. Antioxidants are described in more detail in U.S. patents incorporated herein by reference.
• the antioxidant is present in the composition in a range of from about .01 percent to about 5.0 percent, and in one embodiment, from about 0.25 percent to about 1.5 percent, and in another embodiment from about 0.5 percent to about 1.0 percent.
• the lubricant has an oxidation characteristic using ASTM D-2272 in a range of from about 60 to about 600 minutes, and in one embodiment from about 200 minutes to about 400 minutes.
• the inventive lubricant may contain other oils comprising (1) synthetic ester base oil, (2) a polyalphaolefin, or (3) unrefined, refined, or re-refined oils, and mixtures of (1), (2), and (3).
• base oils are further described in U.S. patents incorporated herein by reference.
• the base oils can be present in the composition in a range of from about 10 percent to about 80 percent, and in one embodiment, from about 30 percent to about 70 percent, and in another embodiment, from about 40 percent to about 60 percent.
• the inventive lubricant may contain other ingredients/additives including antiwear inhibitors, rust/corrosion inhibitors, pour point depressants, tackifiers, viscosity improvers, metal deactivators, extreme pressure (EP) additives, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, emulsifiers, or demulsifiers.
• ingredients/additives including antiwear inhibitors, rust/corrosion inhibitors, pour point depressants, tackifiers, viscosity improvers, metal deactivators, extreme pressure (EP) additives, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, emulsifiers, or demulsifiers.
• Other ingredients and additives are further described in more detail in U.S. patents incorporated herein by reference.
• the additives in this invention include: The Anti-wear Inhibitor. Extreme Pressure Additive and Friction Modifier
• the present invention utilizes an anti-wear inhibitor/EP additive and friction modifier.
• Anti-wear inhibitors, EP additives, and fiction modifiers are available off
• R 9 and R 10 are independently aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to about 24 carbon atoms
• R 22 and R are independently hydrogen or aliphatic groups containing from about 1 up to about 18 aliphatic carbon atoms
• the sum of m and n is 3
• X is oxygen or sulfur.
• R 9 contains from about 8 up to 18 carbon atoms
• R 10 is CHs R»-C- I CH 3 wherein R 1 ' is an aliphatic group containing from about 6 up to about 12 carbon atoms,
• R 22 and R 23 are hydrogen, m is 2, n is 1 and X is oxygen.
• An example of one such phosphorous amine salt is Irgalube® 349, which is commercially available from Ciba- Geigy.
• Another food grade anti-wear/EP inhibitor/friction modifier is phosphorous compound of the formula:
• R , R , and R 21 are independent hydrogen, an aliphatic or alkoxy group containing from 1 up to about 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl or aryloxy group wherein the aryl group is phenyl or naphthyl and the aryloxy group is phenoxy or naphthoxy and X is oxygen or sulfur.
• X is oxygen or sulfur.
• An example of one such phosphorus compound is triphenyl phosphothionate (TPPT), which is commercially available from Ciba-Geigy under the trade name Irgalube® TPPT.
• the anti-wear inhibitors, EP, and friction modifiers are typically about 0.1 to about 4 weight percent of the lubricant composition and may be used separately or in combination.
• the Corrosion Inhibitor To prevent corrosion of the metal surfaces, the present invention utilizes a corrosion inhibitor. Corrosion inhibitors are available off the shelf from a variety of vendors and manufacturers. Any corrosion inhibitor may be utilized in the present invention that is food grade. The corrosion inhibitor is typically about 0.01 to about 4 weight percent of the lubricant composition. In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor is comprised of a corrosion additive and a metal deactivator. The corrosion inhibitor and the metal deactivator can be food grade and comply with FDA regulations.
• One additive is the N-acyl derivative of sarcosine, which has the formula:
• R 8 C 0 I CH 3 NCH2COOH wherein R 8 is an aliphatic group containing from 1 up to about 24 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, R 8 contains from 6 to 24 carbon atoms and in another embodiment, from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• An example of an additive of N-acyl derivative of sarcosine is N- methyl-N-(l-oxo-9-octadecenyl) glycine wherein R is a heptadecenyl group. This derivative is available from Ciba-Geigy under the trade name Sarkosyl® O. Another additive is imidazoline of the formula:
• R 17 is an aliphatic group containing from 1 up to about 24 carbon atoms and R 18 is an alkylene group containing from 1 up to about 24 carbon atoms.
• R 17 is an alkenyl group containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• R 18 • 1 J ⁇ contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and in another embodiment, R is an ethylene group.
• An example of one such imadazoline has the formula:
• the corrosion additive is about 0.01 to about 4 weight percent of the lubricant composition. If the additive is the N-acyl derivative of sarcosine, then, in one embodiment, it is about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent of the lubricant composition. If the additive is imidazoline, then, in one embodiment, it is about 0.05 to about 2 weight percent of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant can include more than one corrosion additive. For example, the lubricant can include both the N-acyl derivative of sarcosine and imidazoline.
• the Metal Deactivator One metal deactivator is triazole or substituted triazole.
• toly- triazole or tolu-triazole may be utilized in the present invention.
• the triazole is tolu-triazole sold commercially by Ciba-Geigy under the trade name Irgamet® 39, which is a food grade triazole.
• the metal deactivator is about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent of the lubricant composition. If the metal activator is Irgamet 39, then it is about 0.05 to about 0.2 weight percent of the lubricant composition.
• the anti-wear inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor have been described separately, they can be included in a single chemical additive.
• both the anti-wear inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor are included in the non-food grade additive Lubrizol® 5186B, which is available form Lubrizol Corporation.
• Lubrizol® 5186B is about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent of the lubricant composition and, in another embodiment, about 1.25 weight percent of the lubricant.
• Another example where both the anti-wear inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor are included in the nonfood grade additive is Ciba-Geigy 3050A.
• Ciba-Geigy 3050A is about 0.4 to about 1.75 weight percent of the lubricant composition and, in another embodiment, about 0.95 weight percent of the lubricant.
• the Pour Point Depressant There is a natural stiffening at low temperatures of vegetable oils, especially vegetable oils with a high monounsaturation content. This is analogous to the stiffening of honey or molasses at a reduced temperature. To maintain the "pour” or “flow” of a vegetable oil at reduced temperatures, it becomes necessary to add a pour point depressant. Pour point depressants are available off the shelf from a variety of vendors and manufacturers. Any pour point depressant may be utilized in the present invention. In one embodiment, however, the pour point depressant is an alkylated polystyrene or a polyalkyl methacrylate. Two different reaction routes are envisioned in preparing the alkylated polystyrenes.
• the first route involves reacting either an alkyl chloride or an alkene with styrene to form an alkylated styrene.
• the alkylated styrene is then polymerized to form an alkylated polystyrene.
• styrene is polymerized to form polystyrene, and propylene, or butylenes, or mixtures thereof are polymerized to form polypropylene, polybutylenes, or mixtures of polypropylenes and polybutylenes, also known as polyalkylenes.
• the polystyrene is then alkylated with the polyalkylenes to form the alkylated polystyrenes.
• the polyalkyl methacrylates suitable for use in the present invention are prepared by the polymerization of Cj - C 30 methacrylates. Preparation of these polymers may further include the use of acrylic monomers having nitrogen-containing functional groups, hydroxy groups, and/or alkoxy groups which provide additional properties to the polyalkyl methacrylates such as improved dispersancy.
• the polyalkyl methacrylates in one embodiment, have a number average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 250,000 and in one embodiment, 20,000 to 200,000.
• the polyalkyl methacrylates may be prepared by conventional methods of free-radical or anionic polymerization.
• One pour point depressant in the class of polyalkyl methacrylates is 10-310 available from RohMax, USA, Delran, NJ 08075.
• the pour point depressant is typically about 0.2 to about 4 weight percent of the lubricant composition. Viscosity Modifier.
• the lubricant may further include an additive from the group comprising viscosity modifiers, which includes, but is not limited to, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyisobutylenes, polybutenes, polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers, esters of styrene maleic anyhdride copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers, hydrogenated radial polyisoprene, alkylated polystyrene, fumed silicas, complex esters, and food grade tackifiers like natural rubber solubilized in food grade oils.
• viscosity modifiers which includes, but is not limited to, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyisobutylenes, polybutenes, polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers, esters of styrene maleic anyhdride copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers, hydrogenated radial
• a food grade viscosity modifier, thickener, and/or tackifier provides adhesiveness and improves the viscosity and viscosity index of the lubricant. Some applications and environmental conditions may require an additional tacky surface film that protects equipment from corrosion and wear.
• the viscosity modifier, thickener/tackifier is about 1 to about 20 weight percent of the lubricant. However, the viscosity modifier, thickener/tackifier can be from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent.
• a food grade material that can be used in this invention is Functional V-584, a natural rubber viscosity modifier/tackifier, which is available from Functional Products, Inc., Cincinnatiia, Ohio and Indopol H-1500, a polybutene viscosity modifier from PB North American, Naperville, Illinois.
• Another example is a complex ester CG 5000 that is also a multifunctional product, viscosity modifier, pour point depressant, and friction modifier from Inolex Chemical Co. Philadelphia, PA.
• the lubricants described in the present invention are useful in applications including hydraulic oils, transmission fluids, engine oils, gear oil, rock drill oil, circulating oils, drip oils, spindle oils, compressor oils, grease base oils, corrosion inhibitor oils, heat transfer oils, cable oils, chain oils, general purpose oils, metal working oils, and electrical insulating oils.
• the lubricants described in the present invention can be made using a simple blend procedure wherein the components are mixed together using mechanical agitation. Prior to the blending process, the components may be heated to enhance the blending and/or mixing process. Test Methods
• Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester This test method describes the determination of the flash and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus. This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79° C (175° F) and below 400° C (752° F) except fuel oils.
• Pour Point of Petroleum Products This test method is intended for use on any petroleum product. A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in.
• Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes This test method is for determining the electrical breakdown voltage of insulating liquid specimens.
• the breakdown test uses ac voltage in the power-frequency range from 45 to 65 Hz.
• This test method is used to judge if the disk electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids, as delivered from the manufacturer, that have never been filtered or dried.
• This procedure is used to determine the breakdown voltage of liquids in which any insoluble breakdown products easily settle during the interval between the required repeated breakdown tests.
• These liquids include petroleum oils, hydrocarbons, and askarels (PCB) used as insulating and cooling liquids in transformers, cables, and similar apparatus.
• PCB askarels
• the procedure may be used to obtain the dielectric breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Methods D 2225, provided the discharge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.
• Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel This test method utilizes an oxygen-pressured vessel to evaluate the oxidation stability of new and in-service turbine oils having the same composition (base stock and additives) in the presence of water and a copper catalyst coil at 150°C.
• Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components covers the determination of the degree of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubricants or their components on exposure to an inoculum under laboratory conditions. This test method is intended to specifically address the difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials and complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants. This test method is designed to be applicable to all lubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the test concentration to the organisms present in the inoculum. The percent of biodegradability rating is explained in ASTM D-6046, Table 2 Environmental Persistence Classification-Aerobic Fresh Water.
• the persistence designations are Pwl (with %CO 2 > 60% in 28 days), Pw2 (> 60% in 84 days), Pw3 (> 40% in 84 days), and Pw4 ( ⁇ 40% in 84 days). Ultimate Biodegradability Pwl is the best rating.
• Formulation shows an ISO 32 Fluid with Chevron 4R greater than 60% of the total base oil and passed ASTM D-5864 as Ultimate Biodegradable rating Pwl at 60.9% Component %Wei ⁇ ht Canola HO (high oleic) 37.85 Chevron 4R 60.00 LZ 5186B 1.25 RLI AO 0.90
• Chevron 4R is an all-hydroprocessed Group III oil available from Chevron
• CG 5000 is a synthetic ester available from Inolex
• LZ 5186B is a non-food grade additive available from the Lubrizol corporation
• RhMx 10-310 is a pour point depressant in the class of polyalkyl methacrylates available from RohMax
• Ciba 3050A is a non-food grade additive available from Ciba Geigy
• Irgamet 39 is a food grade triazole available from Ciba-Geigy
• RLI AO is an antioxidant available from Renewable Lubricants, Inc.
• Indopol HI 500 is a polybutene viscosity modifier available from BP North American.

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