EP1706599A1 - Verfahren und analge zur umwandlung von anfallender wärmeenergie in mechanische energie - Google Patents
Verfahren und analge zur umwandlung von anfallender wärmeenergie in mechanische energieInfo
- Publication number
- EP1706599A1 EP1706599A1 EP04804988A EP04804988A EP1706599A1 EP 1706599 A1 EP1706599 A1 EP 1706599A1 EP 04804988 A EP04804988 A EP 04804988A EP 04804988 A EP04804988 A EP 04804988A EP 1706599 A1 EP1706599 A1 EP 1706599A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- compressor
- energy
- condensed
- low
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
- F01K25/065—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids with an absorption fluid remaining at least partly in the liquid state, e.g. water for ammonia
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for converting heat energy into mechanical energy by expanding a vaporous working medium through a expansion device connected to a first heat exchanger.
- thermal power plants are known in which a working fluid is isobarically heated to the boiling point at a high pressure in a boiler, evaporated and then still overheated in a superheater. The steam is then expanded adiabatically in a turbine, performing work, and in a condenser, giving off heat liquefied. The liquid is brought to a pressure by the feed water pump and returned to the boiler.
- One of the disadvantages of these devices is that high pressure of over 15 bar to 200 bar must be generated in the expansion processes in turbines, since in turbines the pressure ratio of the expansion achieved is decisive for the efficiency achieved.
- Another disadvantage of the known thermal power plant is the accumulation of condensation heat from the condensation of the working fluid, which is dissipated as waste heat with cooling systems in these plants.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and a system for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, which avoid the disadvantages mentioned, in particular have an improved efficiency.
- the method according to the invention has a low-pressure expansion circuit and an energy recirculation circuit, in the low-pressure expansion circuit the expansion of the working medium takes place in a low-pressure expansion device and the expanded working medium is condensed in a second heat exchanger downstream of the expansion device, in which evaporation of a Operating fluid is effected in the second heat exchanger within the energy recirculation circuit, which is conveyed via a compressor to the first heat exchanger in which the operating fluid is condensed, the working fluid being evaporated in the first heat exchanger within the low-pressure expansion circuit, the molar evaporation enthalpy of the operating fluid is more than four times the molar enthalpy of vaporization of the working fluid.
- the "residual heat" of the relaxed working medium can be used to in turn use it for the evaporation process in the first heat exchanger.
- the relaxed working medium is condensed in the second heat exchanger, with the heat of condensation being released onto the operating medium which evaporates in the process.
- the energy recirculation circuit which is similar to a heat pump, is furthermore the vaporous equipment is brought to an elevated temperature level by compression.
- the operating medium condenses in the subsequent first heat exchanger, the heat released being transferred to the evaporating working medium. This significantly improves the system's energy efficiency.
- the working medium preferably has a large heat capacity, so that the working medium experiences a relatively low temperature decrease during relaxation.
- the heat pump in which the condensation energy is transformed back to the temperature level of the evaporation of the working medium, can operate with a low energy requirement and a good power factor.
- the vaporous operating medium is transformed with the help of the heat pump to a temperature level above the boiling point of the working medium.
- This energy return can be implemented using a one-component device.
- the heat pump is operated with the liquid-superimposed compressor system, for example a liquid ring pump or a screw compressor, and an operating medium is used to operate the heat pump, the molar enthalpy of vaporization of which is several times, preferably more than four times, particularly preferably more than five times the evaporation enthalpy of the working fluid for the relaxation is. According to the invention, this results in an excess of the energy return over the drive energy of the heat pump.
- a device is used as the low-pressure expansion device in which neither the mass of the steam nor the pressure ratio, but only the pressure difference is relevant.
- the low-pressure expansion device is designed as a Roots blower - as a Roots blower - or in the form of an oval gear pump. It is advantageous that the Roots blower can work as an expansion device (expansion motors) with a pressure difference of 500 mbar with almost full efficiency and can be used in a closed system at pressures of 10 to 0.5 bar.
- the Roots blower is preferably connected to a generator that converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- the Roots blower expediently has a gas-tight seal between the scoop space and the gear space, in a further embodiment the Roots blower comprising multi-bladed rotors.
- the working medium has a low volume-specific or low molar enthalpy of vaporization. This ensures that a large amount of motive steam is generated with a predetermined amount of thermal energy.
- the working medium is preferably a correspondingly selected inorganic or organic solvent.
- the working medium can also be a solvent mixture which has organic and / or inorganic solvent components with corresponding thermodynamic data. Examples of this are mixtures of water and selected silicones.
- the temperature of the operating medium in the energy return circuit is increased by the mechanical compression by means of a liquid-superimposed compressor, the operating medium temperature in the compressor additionally by heat exchange with a fluid with which the compressor is operated and which is in direct contact with the Equipment stands, increased.
- these liquid-superimposed compressors can be operated with a high-boiling fluid. Since the fluid does not have a lubricating function but a pure sealing function in the liquid-superimposed compressors, practically any equipment up to water can be used in the process according to the invention in the energy recirculation circuit, which have high molar heat of evaporation, large temperature jumps in the low pressure range and high operating temperatures of the compressor allow.
- the liquid ring pump can advantageously transfer a large part of the work output as heat to the operating medium, which can heat up above the saturation temperature, as a result of which the efficiency of the method can be increased considerably. Furthermore, the liquid ring pump ensures that the operating medium does not accumulate in the compressor to such an extent that the pumping speed is possibly reduced as a result.
- performance figures as a ratio of recirculated thermal energy to compressor drive work can be achieved which are more than three times the value of conventional heat pumps. Temperatures of the equipment after the temperature increase of over 180 ° C can be achieved with the inventive method.
- Fluids such as high-boiling silicone oils or diester oils or plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate with viscosities of up to 50 centistokes (cts) are particularly favorable.
- the boiling temperature of the fluid is advantageously higher than the temperature of the operating medium after the temperature increase.
- the liquid-superimposed compressor can have ring gassing, which prevents over-compression.
- a mixture of alcohols for example, can be used as the operating medium, in which the evaporation temperature can be approximately 20 ° C. and the condensation temperature 80 ° C.
- An A3 solvent as an operating medium is also conceivable, in which the evaporation temperature can be approximately 90 ° C and the condensation temperature 180 ° C.
- a major advantage of this invention is that higher temperature levels can be achieved in the equipment than has been possible with CFC tools, for example.
- the thermal energy is generated in a refrigeration machine in which a refrigerant is evaporated in an evaporator.
- the vaporous refrigerant is conveyed via a compressor to the first heat exchanger, in which the refrigerant condenses. This releases heat of condensation, which is transferred to the working fluid evaporating in the first heat exchanger.
- the condensed refrigerant is returned to the evaporator via an expansion valve.
- a warm air flow having a certain degree of moisture, which is passed through the evaporator is preferably cooled with heat being given off to the refrigerant, water being obtained as condensate, which is collected in a container.
- the electricity generated by the generator can be used as drive power for the electrically driven units of the overall system, including the refrigerant circuit, the low-pressure expansion circuit and the energy recovery circuit.
- the energy to be applied externally and thus the energy costs of “water extraction from air” are significantly reduced by means of the condensation of work equipment and operating resources described above.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by a system for converting heat energy into mechanical energy with the features of claim 15. Preferred further developments are set out in the dependent claims.
- the invention relates to a system which has a refrigerant circuit, a low-pressure expansion circuit and an energy return circuit which are connected to one another.
- a refrigerant is evaporated in an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit, which is conveyed via a compressor into a first heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant condenses in the first heat exchanger and is returned to the evaporator via an expansion valve, whereby water that accumulates in the evaporator when an air stream is cooled is collected in a container.
- a working fluid is evaporated in the first heat exchanger, which absorbs the condensation heat released in the first heat exchanger.
- the vaporous working medium is expanded, passed into a second heat exchanger, in which it condenses.
- the relaxation process converts the thermal energy contained in the working fluid into mechanical energy.
- the low-pressure relaxation device furthermore has a shaft which is connected to a generator, so that the mechanical energy can ultimately be transformed into electrical energy.
- the condensed work center is pumped back into the first heat exchanger.
- an operating medium is evaporated in the second heat exchanger, whereby it absorbs the heat of condensation of the working medium of the low-pressure expansion circuit.
- the vaporous operating medium is then conveyed via a liquid-superimposed compressor into the first heat exchanger, in which the operating medium condenses.
- the condensed operating fluid is fed back into the first heat exchanger via an expansion valve.
- Figure 1 shows a system that can extract water from the air.
- the preferably warm air contains water vapor in the form of atmospheric moisture.
- An air flow is generated by a fan 12 and is passed through the evaporator 1 of a refrigerant circuit.
- the evaporator 1 has heat exchange surfaces, not shown, which are cooled.
- the heat exchange surfaces can be designed, for example, as a tube through which a refrigerant flows. The warm air flow cools down, whereby the heat is transferred via the heat exchange surfaces to the refrigerant, which evaporates.
- the vaporous refrigerant which in the present exemplary embodiment has a pressure between 2-8 bar and a temperature of approximately 5-10 ° C., is conveyed via a compressor 2 into a first heat exchanger 3, in which the refrigerant condenses.
- a first heat exchanger 3 in which the refrigerant condenses.
- the vaporous refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 3, it has a pressure of approximately 10-20 bar and a temperature of up to approximately 80 ° C or 110 ° C.
- the heat of condensation released is transferred to a working medium in a low-pressure expansion circuit.
- the condensed refrigerant is passed back into the evaporator 1 via a relief valve 10.
- the working fluid is evaporated in the first heat exchanger 3 and expanded in a downstream low-pressure expansion device 4.
- the low-pressure expansion device 4 is designed as a roots blower 4, in which the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy.
- the Roots blower 4 also has a shaft which is connected to a generator 7, whereby the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
- the relaxed working medium is then condensed in a second heat exchanger 5, with a further operating medium located in the second heat exchanger 5 being evaporated due to the heat of condensation generated.
- the condensed working fluid is conveyed back into the first heat exchanger 3 via a pump 8.
- the molar enthalpy of vaporization of the operating medium is five times the molar enthalpy of vaporization of the working medium.
- the vaporous operating medium is compressed in a liquid ring pump 6.
- the liquid ring pump 6 is operated with a fluid which is in direct contact with the operating medium. It is advantageous in this embodiment that the equipment is additionally heated within the liquid ring pump 6 in addition to the compression, in that a certain amount of heat is transferred from the fluid to the operating medium.
- the operating medium is heated above the evaporation temperature of the working medium of the low-pressure expansion circuit, so that the energy can be used to evaporate the working medium in the first heat exchanger 3.
- the operating medium condenses in the downstream first heat exchanger 3 and is then conveyed back to the second heat exchanger 5 via an expansion valve 9.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2003160379 DE10360379A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2003-12-22 | Niederdruck-Entspannungsmotor auf der Basis von Rootsgebläsen |
DE2003160380 DE10360380A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2003-12-22 | Extraktions-Wärmepumpe mit reversibel immobilisierbarem Lösemittel |
DE2003160364 DE10360364A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2003-12-22 | Offene Wärmepumpe unter Verwendung von flüssigkeitsüberlagerten Verdichtersystemen |
DE2003161203 DE10361203A1 (de) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Niederdruck-Entspannungsmotor mit Energierückführung |
DE2003161223 DE10361223A1 (de) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Niederdruck-Entspannungsmotor mit Treibdampftrennung mittels extraktiver Rektifikation |
PCT/EP2004/053655 WO2005066466A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur umwandlung von anfallender wärmeenergie in mechanische energie |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1706599A1 true EP1706599A1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
EP1706599B1 EP1706599B1 (de) | 2017-02-15 |
Family
ID=34714591
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04804985A Withdrawn EP1706681A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur temperaturerhöhung eines dampfförmigen arbeitsmittels |
EP04804988.6A Active EP1706599B1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur umwandlung von anfallender wärmeenergie in mechanische energie |
EP04804983.7A Active EP1706598B1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur umwandlung von wärmeenergie aus kältemaschinen |
EP04804984A Withdrawn EP1702139A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur umwandlung von wärmeenergie in mechanische energie |
EP04816348A Active EP1702140B1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren zur umwandlung von wärmeenergie in mechanische energie mit einer niederdruck-entspannungsvorrichtung |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04804985A Withdrawn EP1706681A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur temperaturerhöhung eines dampfförmigen arbeitsmittels |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04804983.7A Active EP1706598B1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur umwandlung von wärmeenergie aus kältemaschinen |
EP04804984A Withdrawn EP1702139A1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur umwandlung von wärmeenergie in mechanische energie |
EP04816348A Active EP1702140B1 (de) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | Verfahren zur umwandlung von wärmeenergie in mechanische energie mit einer niederdruck-entspannungsvorrichtung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8132413B2 (de) |
EP (5) | EP1706681A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE371101T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE502004004776C5 (de) |
ES (2) | ES2624638T3 (de) |
WO (5) | WO2005066465A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
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DE102006021928A1 (de) * | 2005-06-02 | 2007-11-15 | Lutz Giechau | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung mechanischer Energie |
DE102006022792B3 (de) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-10-11 | Erwin Dr. Oser | Umwandlung solarer Wärme in mechanische Energie mit einem Strahlverdichter |
DE102007041457B4 (de) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-09-10 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung der Wärmeenergie einer Niedertemperatur-Wärmequelle in mechanische Energie |
DE102008013737A1 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-10 | Heinz Manfred Bauer | Verfahren zur Wandlung thermischer Energie in mechanische und weiter in elektrische Energie |
DE102008024116A1 (de) * | 2008-05-17 | 2009-11-19 | Hamm & Dr. Oser GbR (vertretungsberechtiger Gesellschafter: Dr. Erwin Oser, 50670 Köln) | Umwandlung der Druckenergie von Gasen und Dämpfen bei niedrigen Ausgangsdrücken in mechanische Energie |
DE102008036917A1 (de) | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | Heinz Manfred Bauer | Verfahren zur Wandlung thermischer Energie in mechanische und weiter in elektrische Energie |
WO2010104601A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-16 | Seale Joseph B | Heat engine with regenerator and timed gas exchange |
US20130174552A1 (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Non-azeotropic working fluid mixtures for rankine cycle systems |
WO2013130774A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-06 | Eaton Corporation | Volumetric energy recovery device and systems |
DE102012016991A1 (de) | 2012-08-25 | 2014-02-27 | Erwin Oser | Energieeffizientes Entspannungsaggregat |
DE102013112024A1 (de) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-04-30 | ENVA Systems GmbH | Drehkolbengebläse mit einem Dichtsystem |
US10648745B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2020-05-12 | Thermal Corp. | Azeotropic working fluids and thermal management systems utilizing the same |
DE102019135820A1 (de) | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-01 | Corinna Ebel | Verfahren zur Dampferzeugung, Dampferzeuger und Verwendung eines Wälzkolbengebläses |
CN112412560A (zh) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-26 | 北京工业大学 | 一种基于单螺杆膨胀机的卡琳娜循环系统 |
DE202021100874U1 (de) | 2021-02-23 | 2022-05-30 | Marlina Hamm | Wälzkolbengebläse zur Entspannung eines dampfförmigen Mediums bei hohem Druck und guter Dichtigkeit |
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2004
- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/EP2004/053649 patent/WO2005066465A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-12-22 ES ES04804988.6T patent/ES2624638T3/es active Active
- 2004-12-22 US US10/583,925 patent/US8132413B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-22 US US10/583,936 patent/US7726128B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-22 EP EP04804985A patent/EP1706681A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-22 EP EP04804988.6A patent/EP1706599B1/de active Active
- 2004-12-22 EP EP04804983.7A patent/EP1706598B1/de active Active
- 2004-12-22 AT AT04816348T patent/ATE371101T1/de active
- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/EP2004/053655 patent/WO2005066466A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-12-22 EP EP04804984A patent/EP1702139A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/EP2004/053651 patent/WO2005061973A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/EP2004/053654 patent/WO2005061858A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-12-22 WO PCT/EP2004/053650 patent/WO2005061857A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-12-22 ES ES04816348T patent/ES2293384T3/es active Active
- 2004-12-22 EP EP04816348A patent/EP1702140B1/de active Active
- 2004-12-22 DE DE502004004776.9T patent/DE502004004776C5/de active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2005066466A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE502004004776C5 (de) | 2020-01-16 |
ES2293384T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
WO2005066465A1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
US20080289336A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
EP1706599B1 (de) | 2017-02-15 |
WO2005061973A1 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
US20080134680A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
EP1706598A1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
EP1706681A1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
ATE371101T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
EP1702139A1 (de) | 2006-09-20 |
WO2005066466A1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
WO2005061857A1 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
EP1706598B1 (de) | 2013-10-16 |
US7726128B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
WO2005061858A1 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
ES2624638T3 (es) | 2017-07-17 |
US8132413B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 |
EP1702140B1 (de) | 2007-08-22 |
DE502004004776D1 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
EP1702140A1 (de) | 2006-09-20 |
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