Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
  • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
  • C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
  • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
  • B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
  • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
  • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
  • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
  • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
  • C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
  • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
  • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
  • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
  • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
  • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
  • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
  • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
  • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
  • C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a synthesis furnace having a furnace chamber enclosed by a circumferential furnace wall, in which a plurality of burners arranged substantially in one plane and directed downwards Brenneraustritts- direction and a plurality of substantially vertically and mutually parallel reaction tubes are arranged, the Reaction tube to be heated from the outside by the firing burner.
• Such synthesis furnaces for example for the production of ammonia, methanol or hydrogen, are well known and are often designed for industrial use as a generic ceiling-fired box ovens with vertical reaction / crevices.
• These split tubes are arranged in rows and are flowed through from top to bottom of process gas. This process gas is subjected to a so-called splitting process. The process gas is collected down inside or outside the furnace in exit collectors.
• the tubes are heated by the vertically downwardly firing burner located in the top of the furnace, the flue gas produced by the burners flows through the furnace from top to bottom and is drawn off through flue gas tunnels located at the bottom (eg published in: "Ammonia: Principles and Industrial Practice / Max Appl - Weinheim; New York, Chichester; Brisbane; Singapore; Toronto: Wiley-VCH, 1999, ISBN 3 - 527 -29593 -3, pages 80-89).
• the object of the invention is therefore to improve the heat distribution and the total heat transfer to constructive and control technology as simple as possible.
• the flame deflection of the outer rows of burners towards the center of the furnace can be significantly reduced by this compared to the above-described known solutions completely different approach to constructive and control technology simple way.
• the result is a much more uniform outflow of the flue gases along the reaction tubes, the heat transfer is improved and the increased material load of the reaction tube by "hot spots" in prior art synthesis furnaces is significantly reduced, so that the lifetime of the reaction tube increases significantly.
• the inclination of the burner outlet directions of the individual burners is different. This means that the burners are arranged at a corresponding angle of inclination depending on the suction effect of adjacent burner flames on the respective own flame (opposite to the suction effect of adjacent burners).
• the inclination of the burner outlet directions of the burner increases outwardly toward the furnace wall. While the centrally located burners e.g. have no inclination, the inclination of the burner rows then increases to the outside to a maximum value.
• the angle of inclination starting from the center, is between 0 and 10 °, preferably between 0 and 5 °.
• the burners are mounted with an inclined burner outlet direction inclined overall and / or their burner opening is arranged inclined.
• the inclination of the burner outlet directions is adjustable, ie this can be changed during the operation of the synthesis furnace to adapt to the respective conditions.
• a control which takes into account the operating parameters of the synthesis furnace is provided for setting the inclinations.
• Fig. 4 is a graph showing the heat flux density for the outermost row of tubes over the tube length for a prior art synthesis furnace and a synthesis furnace according to the invention.
• a synthesis furnace is generally designated 1 in FIG.
• This synthesis furnace is box-shaped or parallelepiped-shaped and has a furnace chamber 3 enclosed by a circumferential furnace wall 2.
• a plurality of substantially vertical and mutually parallel reaction tubes 4 are arranged, through which process gas is introduced from above, which is not shown in detail. This process gas flows from top to bottom through the reaction tubes 4 and is collected in the lower region of the furnace or outside thereof in outlet collectors, not shown.
• a plurality of burners 5 are arranged in the upper region of the furnace chamber 3 substantially in a plane. These burners 5 each have a downwardly directed burner outlet direction, in FIG. 1, a vertical burner axis 6 is shown by dash-dotted lines for each burner 5.
• a vertical burner axis 6 is shown by dash-dotted lines for each burner 5.
• At least the outer burners 5 arranged in the region of the furnace wall 2 have a burner outlet direction R, which is inclined away from the center of the synthesis furnace 1 with respect to the vertical. This angle of inclination is designated ⁇ in FIG. 1 and defined relative to the associated vertical burner axis 6.
• this inclination may also or additionally, depending on the arrangement of the burners, extend with respect to the center of the furnace space 3 in the plane extending transversely to the illustrated plane of the drawing ,
• the center of the furnace chamber 3 is located in the region of the middle reaction tubes 4m receiving level.
• the arrangement is then made so that the inclination increases starting from the inner burners to the furnace wall 2, can be seen the inclination ⁇ of the inner burner is smaller than the inclination ß of the middle burner and this in turn smaller than the slope a of the outer burner.
• the angle of inclination a. the outer burner is about a maximum of 10 °, preferably at 5 °, the inclination angle ß and ⁇ are suitably chosen smaller.
• the inclination of the burner 5 can be realized in different ways, it can be provided on the one hand, that the burners are installed inclined overall or only their burner port or burner nozzle.
• a controller not shown, may be provided for the synthesis furnace 1, which makes an adjustment of inclinations taking into account the operating parameters of the synthesis furnace 1 ,
• FIG. 2 a shows a very uneven temperature distribution in a conventional synthesis furnace without a tendency to burn.
• FIG. 2b an embodiment according to the invention is shown. To recognize staltung, in which the outer burner or its burner outlet direction is inclined by 5 °, it shows a much more homogeneous temperature distribution.
• FIG. 3a shows the flow conditions in a conventional synthesis furnace without a tendency to burn
• FIG. 3b with a tendency to burn, namely by 5 ° in the case of the outer burners.
• the unwanted dead zones are significantly reduced in the design according to the invention.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2003
  • 2003-12-04 DE DE10357064A patent/DE10357064A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2004
  • 2004-10-13 CN CNA2004800358209A patent/CN1890020A/zh active Pending
  • 2004-10-13 RU RU2006123545/12A patent/RU2347607C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-10-13 CA CA002547232A patent/CA2547232A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-10-13 WO PCT/EP2004/011442 patent/WO2005053834A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2004-10-13 JP JP2006541811A patent/JP4546971B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-10-13 US US10/581,181 patent/US7531146B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-10-13 EP EP04790323A patent/EP1697036A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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