EP1692431A1 - Systeme d'eclairage d'arbre - Google Patents

Systeme d'eclairage d'arbre

Info

Publication number
EP1692431A1
EP1692431A1 EP04714320A EP04714320A EP1692431A1 EP 1692431 A1 EP1692431 A1 EP 1692431A1 EP 04714320 A EP04714320 A EP 04714320A EP 04714320 A EP04714320 A EP 04714320A EP 1692431 A1 EP1692431 A1 EP 1692431A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tree
voltage source
electronic module
remote
lighting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04714320A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Josef NIEDERLÄNDER
Roman Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krinner Innovation GmbH
Original Assignee
Krinner Innovation GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102004006006A external-priority patent/DE102004006006B4/de
Application filed by Krinner Innovation GmbH filed Critical Krinner Innovation GmbH
Publication of EP1692431A1 publication Critical patent/EP1692431A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
    • F21S4/10—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources attached to loose electric cables, e.g. Christmas tree lights
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
    • F21S9/02—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00—Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/08—Devices for easy attachment to any desired place, e.g. clip, clamp, magnet
    • F21V21/088—Clips; Clamps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F21W2121/04—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for Christmas trees

Definitions

  • the invention relates to tree lighting according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • String lights are widely used as electrical Christmas tree lighting, in which the electrical candles are lined up on a long two-pole cable.
  • the cable which is supplied by a power supply with the operating voltage for the electric candles, must be laid along the trunk and the branches of the Christmas tree from candle location to candle location.
  • a Christmas tree lighting is known in which separate power lines lead to each lamp from the energy source.
  • the energy source is arranged in a Christmas tree stand, which can contain a transformer, a control circuit, a battery and a solar panel.
  • the Christmas tree stand is equipped with plug receptacles into which plugs are inserted, the power lines of which are bundled along the trunk. From the bundle of lines on the trunk, a line leads directly to each lamp, which is led along the branches. Additional plug connections can be provided on the trunk in the trunk line upward. Overall, a tree-like line structure is provided for the galvanic power supply.
  • the candle shaft is designed to hold a battery.
  • the current source which are exposed to radiation from the outside (arrangement of an infrared radiation source near the candles).
  • the candles are switched on and off electronically by signal pulses in the form of infrared rays, ultrasound or other high-frequency transmission pulses.
  • Remote controls of this type as are common for television sets, for example, represent too much effort for Christmas tree lighting.
  • the publication DE 41 13 442 AI in turn deals with the remote control and the power supply of a lighting system.
  • a circuit with magnetic induction is shown, ie a transmission and reception system is provided in which magnetic field energy is transmitted between an induction transmitter and a receiver.
  • the induction transmitter can consist of an induction wire wound helically around the tree trunk, by means of which all the lighting elements can be controlled at the same time for switching the power supply on and off.
  • Such a magnetic remote control and power supply could not prevail, because too high transmission energies would be required.
  • the battery light according to DE 40 40 136 AI is mentioned.
  • the local energy supply takes place with the help of a commercially available accumulator or a commercially available battery.
  • Incandescent lamps, glow lamps, light-emitting diodes, etc. have been proposed as illuminants.
  • the battery lamp according to DE 40 40 136 AI has a housing, a base and a foot clamp in the usual way. The present invention is based on this prior art.
  • the known battery lamp has a mechanical switch or an electronic module for remote control.
  • a rotary switch is provided in which the housing is rotated relative to the base.
  • the electronics module has a sensor in the form of a radio receiver or a microphone.
  • the second alternative is superior to the first in that it allows a large number of similar battery lights to be switched on and off at the same time.
  • the remote control like all other known remote controls - requires a sensor that is physically adapted to the radiated and received field. Such a sensor requires space and increases the weight.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a central, galvanic or wireless power supply fed from a common energy source is in any case too complex and therefore to be avoided, but that a central, simultaneous switching on and off of the lamps is essential for reasons of ease of use , Under these boundary conditions, the invention has recognized that no sensors are required in the illuminants for switching on the Christmas tree lighting.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide tree lighting with a local power supply for the lamps, the central remote control of which does not require sensors in the lamps.
  • the invention uses the electrical conduction properties of a natural tree to distribute a centrally generated switch-on signal to the tree candles. There is therefore no need for a technical wiring harness that would have to be laid along the natural structure of the tree trunk, its branches and its branches. Rather, use is made of the fact that the natural tree has an electrical impedance, in particular a conductivity which is dependent on the moisture of the wood.
  • the tree lighting according to the invention manages without sensors.
  • sensors have been proposed in the remote controls used in the prior art, for example radio antennas, induction loops, infrared receivers or ultrasound microphones.
  • a single-pole galvanic contact is sufficient to include the tree as a transmission medium for the switch-on signal.
  • the single-pole contact is implemented at the mounting location of the respective illuminant in that a foot clamp of the illuminant consists entirely or partially of conductive material.
  • the usual clamping of the lamp to a branch is sufficient to bring the teeth of the foot clamp into sufficient contact with the tree bark or the needles.
  • the teeth of the foot clamp will pierce the relevant section of the tree bark and even make contact with the bast layer of the tree.
  • tests have shown that such close contact is not absolutely necessary.
  • the electronics module of the lamp is designed as a small circuit board with a circuit that reacts to an AC voltage signal that is present between the signal input and the circuit ground.
  • it is sufficient to leave the circuit ground isolated from the surroundings. In this way, the transmission capacity of the tree, which is provided by the natural tree impedance, can be used as a single-pole line.
  • an AC voltage source which can be constructed as a simple power supply unit with a sine wave oscillator on a small circuit carrier.
  • a single-pole connection from the signal output of the AC voltage source to the tree is sufficient, preferably a single-core cable to the base of the tree trunk.
  • This single-pole galvanic contact can be implemented in different ways.
  • the AC voltage source is preferably integrated into a mains plug, similar to known chargers or power supply units for low DC voltages.
  • a single-pole cable leads from this (for example a few meters away) mains plug to the tree trunk, where the cable end is to be attached to the tree trunk with a claw or tip.
  • the cable end can also be connected to one Tree stand guided and clamped to one of its metal holding claws, which anyway penetrate into a section of the tree trunk.
  • the AC voltage source can be accommodated in a separate housing with a mains cable.
  • the AC voltage source the activation of which triggers the switching on of the tree lighting, in the tree stand.
  • the single-pole galvanic contact to the holding claws of the tree stand or to the tree trunk is made using a shorter cable.
  • the tree lighting is started.
  • the AC voltage signal is generated between the aforementioned signal output and a circuit ground of the AC voltage source.
  • Tests have shown that a coupling capacitor between this circuit ground of the AC voltage source and the earth potential contributes to the switching principle of the invention.
  • This simple circuit measure of the coupling capacitor, together with the single-pole connection via the tree, leads to reproducible remote control of the tree lighting. It is assumed that the circuit is closed by a parasitic capacitance, which is formed by the isolated circuit mass of the respective electronic module in the lamps against the earth potential, whereby an antenna effect of the natural tree can also contribute to the remote control of the lamps.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 A circuit-related exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. It shows 1 shows the circuit principle of the tree lighting according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of an AC voltage source in the form of a freely oscillating sine oscillator, which supplies a switching signal for switching on the tree lighting according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred mechanical construction of a lamp of the tree lighting according to the invention, comprising a light-emitting diode, a housing, a rod battery, a base, an electronic module and a foot clamp,
  • FIG. 4 shows the circuit diagram of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the. Electronics module, which is housed in the lamp according to Figure 3.
  • FIG. 1 shows the switching principle of the tree lighting according to the invention, in which the technical components and the natural components are shown combined as a circuit.
  • An AC voltage source 10 the preferred circuit diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2, generates an AC voltage at its signal output 12, which is related to the circuit ground 14 of the AC voltage source 10.
  • a range from 10 to 100 kHz has proven to be favorable for the frequency of the alternating voltage. In the exemplary embodiment, the frequency is 40 kHz.
  • the amplitude of the AC voltage covers a range of approximately 60 V based on the potential of the circuit ground 14.
  • a single-pole galvanic connection 16 leads from the signal output 12 of the AC voltage source 14 to the tree which bears the tree lighting according to the invention.
  • it is a more or less Irish Christmas tree, the trunk of which is electrically conductively connected to the end of a single-pole cable 16.
  • the cable end 18 can, for example, be pressed on in the manner of a tearing purpose or clamped on in the manner of a crocodile clip.
  • the transmission block 20 in Figure 1 symbolizes the impedance that the wood has between the contact point 18 of the AC voltage source 10 and the location of a lamp 22.
  • the electrical resistance of the wood depends, for example, on the height and type of the tree and the moisture content of the wood.
  • the moisture content of a Christmas tree can be maintained by watering.
  • a metal braid in particular a copper braid, or a metal band is supplied.
  • the user can attach this strand to the tree trunk, for example, with thumbtacks.
  • the stranded wire is connected to the cable end 18 of the AC voltage source 10, it bridges a part of the tree impedance 20 and extends the single-pole galvanic contact 18 to the tree trunk in order to increase the sensitivity of the tree lighting when switched on.
  • the tree lighting is switched on by a switching process which can be implemented in the circuit area 10, 12 of the AC voltage source or in the circuit area 16, 18 of the single-pole galvanic contact.
  • the switching process is triggered technically, for example by inserting a mains plug 50 of the AC voltage source 10 into a mains socket or by switching on a power supply switch (not shown). the AC voltage source 10 or by actuating a switch (in particular a foot switch, not shown) in the single-pole cable 16 or by attaching / connecting the cable end 18 to the tree.
  • each lamp 22 has a foot clamp 24 with teeth 26 for this purpose (cf. FIG. 3).
  • the details of the illuminant 22 are explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4;
  • the illuminant 22 comprises an electronic module 30 with a signal input 32 in addition to a local electrical energy supply 28 that can be switched on and off.
  • This signal input 32 is in turn connected by a single-pole galvanic contact 26 to the tree section 24 to which the illuminant 22 is attached. In this way, as shown in FIG. 1, the potential of the AC voltage source 10 is brought to the signal input 32 of the illuminant 22 via the tree impedance 20.
  • the circuit ground 14 of the AC voltage source 10 is connected to the ground potential 36 by a coupling capacitor 34.
  • the coupling capacitor 34 has a capacitance of 470 nF.
  • the circuit ground 38 of the electronic module 30 of the illuminant 22 is isolated from the surroundings.
  • a connection 40 shown in broken lines closes the circuit between this circuit ground 38 and the ground potential 36.
  • a parasitic capacitance 42 of unknown size is assumed, which allows a small alternating current to flow through the circuit according to FIG. 1.
  • the circuit diagram according to FIG. 2 shows an executed example of an AC voltage source 10, which is suitable for controlling the tree lighting.
  • the circuit comprises a power supply unit 44, a sinusoidal oscillator 46 and an amplifier 48.
  • the conventional power supply unit 44 is composed of a mains plug 50, a fuse 52, a mains transformer 54, two rectifier diodes 56, two storage capacitors 58, two resistors 60, two transistors 62 and two zener diodes 64 for voltage stabilization.
  • the Zener diodes 64 generate an operating voltage of approximately 60 V based on the circuit ground 14.
  • the freely oscillating sine oscillator 46 is also constructed conventionally.
  • Three RC elements 66 are located in the feedback branch 68 of a transistor 70 as the frequency-determining element.
  • the sine oscillator 46 oscillates at a frequency of approximately 40 kHz.
  • the AC voltage of the sinusoidal oscillator 46 is coupled out via the capacitor 72 to a symmetrical amplifier 48 with two diodes 74, two resistors 76 and two transistors 78.
  • the AC voltage signal is tapped between the transistors 78 and passed to the signal output 12 via a capacitor 80.
  • the coupling capacitor 34 which connects the circuit ground 14 to the protective conductor contact 82 of the mains plug 50, that is to say to the earth potential 36, is of fundamental importance for the invention.
  • the function of this coupling capacitor 34 has been described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the illuminant 22 according to FIG. 3 is constructed essentially conventionally.
  • a light-emitting diode 84 was selected as the light-emitting element, which has an operating voltage of approximately 2.3 V and a Operating current of about 5 mA works.
  • the operating frequency of approximately 40 kHz leads to a continuous light emission from the light-emitting diode 84.
  • the light-emitting diode 84 can be operated with other voltages, currents or frequencies. Instead of a light-emitting diode, incandescent lamps, glow lamps or other illuminants can also be used.
  • the light-emitting diode 84 is inserted into a housing 86, which also accommodates a rod battery 28.
  • the rod battery 28 supplies an electronic module 30 to be described, which operates with a supply voltage between 1.1 V and 1.5 V.
  • the rod battery 28, for example an alkaline cell or a nickel-cadmium battery, can be replaced or recharged if the housing 86 is separated from a base 88 by rotating or disengaging.
  • the base 88 receives an electronic module in the form of a small circuit board 30.
  • An operating voltage input of the electronics module 30 is connected to the positive pole of the rod battery 28, while the circuit ground 38 of the electromotive module 30 is connected to the negative pole of the rod battery 28.
  • a preferred circuit diagram of the electronic module 30 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the illuminant 22 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from known electrical candles in that the single-pole signal input 32 of the electronic module 30 is galvanically connected to the metal foot clamp 24 (see FIG. 3), while the circuit ground 38 of the electronic module 30 (see. Figure 4) is isolated from the potential of the conductive tree and also from the other environment.
  • FIG. 1 A preferred circuit diagram for the electronic module 30 is shown in FIG.
  • the potential of the foot clamp 24 is connected to the signal input 32 in a single pole, as a result of which a parasitic path, not shown Capacitance 42 can flow a very small input current with the frequency of 40 kHz.
  • the diodes 90 serve to protect an operational amplifier 92 and the light-emitting diodes 84 from voltage peaks which may occur.
  • the sinusoidal input signal at the input 32 reaches the operational amplifier 92 with high impedance and is amplified there without the input circuit being specially tuned to the frequency of 40 kHz.
  • the operational amplifier 92 works as a comparator and converts the sinusoidal signal into a rectangular signal.
  • the rectangular signal amplitude at the output of operational amplifier 92 is 1.5 V, corresponding to the operating voltage of electronic module 30.
  • a subsequent voltage converter 94 increases the operating voltage to a level which is necessary for the operation of the light-emitting diode 84.
  • the level of the converter voltage is determined by the forward voltage of the light-emitting diode 84 used.
  • the operating voltage is increased by the unregulated voltage converter 94 from 1.5 V to 2.3 V.
  • an inductance 96 is supplied with current by a switching transistor 98 in time with the control voltage (rectangular signal, 40 kHz, 1.5 volts) and - via the light-emitting diode 84 - discharged during the blocking time of the switching transistor 98.
  • the usable current through inductor 96 is in the range of 5 to 9 mA.
  • the entire electronics module 30 has a current consumption of the order of 10 to 20 mA when the light-emitting diode 84 is switched on. This value guarantees a sufficiently long operating time for the tree lighting.
  • the quiescent current is very low in the circuit concept according to FIG. 4. If the switch-on signal, which determines the clock frequency of the electronic module 30, is not present, the standby current for the standby circuit is less than 1 microampere. Since the standby times make up a significant proportion in the usage profile of Christmas tree lighting, the low quiescent current contributes significantly to protecting the rod battery 28 and can be practically neglected when designing the desired operating hours.
  • the very low quiescent current consumption is ultimately the result of the concept according to the invention of dispensing with the sensors customary in remote controls and of introducing the switch-on signal to the electronics module 30 of the illuminant 22 by means of the natural tree properties 20.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la commutation d'un système d'éclairage d'arbre électrique. Les bougies électriques d'arbre sont respectivement fixées à une section de l'arbre au moyen d'une pince à pied. Chaque bougie d'arbre présente une alimentation électrique locale et un petit module électronique conçu pour éteindre et allumer à distance ladite alimentation électrique. Une source de signaux à distance, conçue sous forme de source de courant alternatif, permet de commander simultanément à distance le module électronique. L'impédance électrique de l'arbre est utilisée comme moyen de transmission pour la commande à distance. A cette fin, la sortie de signal de la source de courant alternatif est reliée à l'arbre par un contact galvanique unipolaire et la pince à pied sur la section de l'arbre du système d'éclairage est reliée à l'entrée de signal de chaque module électronique par un contact galvanique unipolaire. La masse du circuit de la source de courant alternatif est connectée au potentiel de la terre par une capacité de couplage, alors que la masse du circuit du module électronique reste isolée de l'environnement. La conductibilité naturelle de l'arbre permet ainsi de commander à distance le système d'éclairage d'arbre sans utiliser de capteur.
EP04714320A 2003-02-26 2004-02-25 Systeme d'eclairage d'arbre Withdrawn EP1692431A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10308158 2003-02-26
DE102004006006A DE102004006006B4 (de) 2003-02-26 2004-02-06 Baumbeleuchtung
PCT/EP2004/001872 WO2004076919A1 (fr) 2003-02-26 2004-02-25 Systeme d'eclairage d'arbre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1692431A1 true EP1692431A1 (fr) 2006-08-23

Family

ID=32928834

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04714320A Withdrawn EP1692431A1 (fr) 2003-02-26 2004-02-25 Systeme d'eclairage d'arbre

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1692431A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004076919A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202011109854U1 (de) 2011-01-14 2012-07-27 Krinner Innovation Gmbh Weihnachtskerze

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4040136A1 (de) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-20 Heinz Bauer Batterieleuchte
DE4120849A1 (de) * 1991-06-25 1993-01-07 Lothar Seitz Elektrische beleuchtungseinrichtung, insbesondere christbaumbeleuchtung
DE19734345A1 (de) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Eckhard Gerke Elektrische Kerzenleuchte

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004076919A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004076919A1 (fr) 2004-09-10

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