Classifications

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  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
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  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/1817—Compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/1915—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters complex esters (at least 3 ester bonds)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1983—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
  • C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
  • C10L2300/40—Mixture of four or more components

Definitions

• the invention relates to compositions of mineral oil as the main component and minor proportions of an additive mixture and to a process for the preparation of compositions of mineral oil containing the additive mixture.
• compositions of mineral oils as the main component and small amounts of additive mixtures of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, hydrocarbon polymers, esterified maleic anhydride-olefin copolymers, polar nitrogen compounds such as amine salts of polybasic carboxylic acids and esterified polyoxyalkylenes are known ( WO 94/10267 A1 . WO 95/33 012 A1 . EP 0 921 183 A1 . WO 93/14178 A1 . EP 0 889 323 A1 ).
• Disadvantages are the insufficient flow behavior and the storage stability of these compositions at low temperatures and the limited lubricity of the formulations when the mineral oil component has a sulfur content below 0.005% by mass.
• the object of the invention are compositions of mineral oils as the main component and small proportions of an additive mixture, which have improved flow behavior and improved storage stability at low temperatures and improved lubricity.
• the improved flow behavior is said to save energy be achieved with the pump units through which the transport of these recipes takes place.
• the development of the additive mixtures should be carried out from the viewpoint of the use of mineral oils with a very low sulfur content in order to achieve fuels of improved environmental compatibility with regard to pollutant emission.
• vinyl ester components which may be contained in the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers as the additive component a) are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ester, vinyl laurate, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ester and 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ester.
• the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers may contain as further unsaturated ester components from 1 to 30% by weight, based on the vinyl ester, of (meth) acrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate and / or vinyl ethers such as Octyl vinyl ether or hexanediol monovinyl ether included.
• (meth) acrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate and / or vinyl ethers such as Octyl vinyl
• the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers as additive component a) in the additive mixture ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers having a vinyl acetate content of 12 to 50% by mass.
• a further preferred variant for the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers contained in the additive mixture as additive component a) is that the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers comprise mixtures of 10 to 90% by weight of unmodified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers and 90 to 10% by mass polar groups are modified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers.
• the modification of the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers by polar groups consists in the incorporation of special end groups such as aldehyde end groups, preferably end groups of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, carboxyalkyl mercapto end groups, preferably end groups of mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptopropionic acid, or alkoxy end groups in the copolymer in which Incorporation of hydroxy and / or carboxy groups in the copolymer by partial oxidation, saponification or acetalization and by grafting polar, ethylenically unsaturated monomers to the copolymer.
• special end groups such as aldehyde end groups, preferably end groups of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, carboxyalkyl mercapto end groups, preferably
• the modified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers are preferably oxidized ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, partially hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, hemiacetals of partially hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers and / or polar unsaturated monomers of the vinyl ester, (meth) acrylic ester and / or vinyl ether type grafted ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers.
• the oxidized ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers are preferably oxidized ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers having number average molecular weights of from 800 to 5,000, acid numbers of from 2 to 40 mg KOH / g, and OH numbers of from 20 to 150 mg KOH / g.
• the partially saponified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers are preferably partially hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers having a number average molecular weight of from 800 to 5,000, in which 5 to 30 mol% of the vinyl acetate units are saponified.
• the modified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers include hemiacetals of ethylene-vinyl ester-vinyl alcohol copolymers with butyraldehyde are.
• hemiacetals of ethylene-vinyl ester-vinyl alcohol copolymers with butyraldehyde are hemiacetals of ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymers, according to DD 295 507 A7 have been reacted in heterogeneous phase with butyraldehyde.
• the preparation of the grafted ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers can be carried out by reaction with the unsaturated monomers in the extruder ( DD 282 462 B5 ) or in the stirred reactor ( DD 293 125 B5 ) in the presence of thermally decomposing radical formers. It is also possible to carry out the modification in the preparation of the copolymer by the high-pressure process by metering the monomers into the polymer melt in the low-pressure separator or in the discharge extruder.
• the grafted ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers as additive component a) are vinyl acetate-grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers having a number average molecular weight of 800 to 5000 and a total vinyl acetate content of 20 to 60% by weight, the vinyl acetate content of the copolymer backbone being 10 to 40% by weight and the proportion the grafted vinyl acetate side chains is 10 to 20% by weight.
• the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers in the additive compositions may contain up to 35% by weight of poly-C 6 -C 36 alkyl (meth) acrylates.
• maleic anhydride copolymers which may be partially imidated or partially esterified as the acid component in the mixed esters of glycerol as additive component b) of the additive mixture are copolymers of Maleic anhydride and the comonomer components C 2 -C 20 olefins, C 8 -C 20 vinyl aromatics, C 4 -C 21 acrylic esters, C 5 -C 22 methacrylic acid esters, C 5 -C 14 vinyl silanes, C 6 -C 15 - Acrylate silanes, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinylpyridine, vinyloxazoline, isopropenyloxazoline, vinylpyrrolidone, amino C 1 -C 8 alkyl (meth) acrylates, C 3 -C 20 vinyl esters, C 3 -C 20 vinyl ethers and / or hydroxy C 1 -C 8 alkyl (meth) acrylates.
• Particularly preferred comonomer components are isobut
• the maleic anhydride copolymers preferably have a maleic anhydride / comonomer molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 9 and weight average molecular weights of 5,000 to 500,000.
• the partial imidization may be carried out with ammonia, C 1 -C 24 monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 18 aromatic Monoamines, C 2 -C 18 -monoamino alcohols, monoaminated poly (C 2 -C 4 -alkylene) oxides having a molecular weight of from 400 to 3,000, and / or mono-etherified poly (C 2 -C 4 -alkylene) oxides having a molecular weight of from 100 to 10000, the molar ratio being anhydride copolymer / ammonia, amino groups C 1 -C 24 -monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 18 -aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18 -monoamino alcohols or monoaminated
• Suitable amines with which the maleic anhydride copolymers are partially imidized are C 12 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or eicosylamine, monosubstituted diamines of the N-dodecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N- Octadecyl-1,3-diaminopropane or N-octadecyl-propylenetriamine or amino alcohols such as aminodecan-10-ol or amino-hexadecan-16-ol.
• C 12 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or eicosylamine, monosubstituted diamines of the N-dodecy
• suitable alcohols with which the maleic anhydride copolymers are partially esterified as the acid component in the mixed esters of glycerol as additive component b) of the additive mixture are C 1 -C 18 -alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, ethylhexanol or stearyl alcohol.
• Examples of the unsaturated C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids contained as esterification component in the mixed esters of glycerol of the additive mixture are oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, eleostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid or dimer acids based on oleic acid or linolenic acid.
• Examples of suitable processes for preparing the mixed esters of glycerol in which 50 to 80 mol% of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with unsaturated C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids and 20 to 50 mol% of the hydroxyl groups with partially imidized and / or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers are the partial reaction of glycerol with unsaturated C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids and subsequently with partially imidized and / or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers or the partial reaction of glycerol with partially imidized and / or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers and subsequently with unsaturated C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids.
• the reaction in the melt preferably in continuous kneaders at temperatures of 50 to 135 ° C under vacuum degassing, or as a solution process, preferably in aromatic solvents at 85 to 140 ° C, performed.
• the mixed esters of glycerol of the additive mixture preferably contain the esterification component C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids from 45 to 52% by weight C 22 monocarboxylic acids, based on the total mass of C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids.
• the partially imidized maleic anhydride copolymers present as esterification components are preferably partially maleic anhydride- ⁇ -methylstyrene copolymers imidized with C 6 -C 24 -monoalkylamines, in which the molar ratio of anhydride groups in the copolymer / bound C 6 -C 24 monoalkylamine in the copolymer 8: 1 to 2: 1.
• Examples of partially imidized copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ -methylstyrene as additive component c) are copolymers having an approximately equimolar ratio of both monomers, in which the partial and / or complete imidization with ammonia, C 1 -C 24 -mono-alkylamines, C 6 - C 18 -aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18 -mono-aminoalcohols, monoaminated poly (C 2 -C 4 -alkylene) -oxides, and / or mono-etherified poly (C 2 -C 4 -alkylene) -oxides, wherein the molar ratio of anhydride copolymer / ammonia, amino groups C 1 -C 24 monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 18 aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18 monoamino alcohols or monoaminated poly (C 2 -C 4 alkylene) oxide 1 : 1 to 20
• the partially imidized copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ -methylstyrene as additive component c) are preferably partially imidized with C 6 -C 24 monoalkylamines maleic anhydride- ⁇ -methylstyrene copolymers in which the molar ratio of anhydride groups in the copolymer / bound C 6 -C 24 -monoalkylamine in the copolymer is 8: 1 to 1.3: 1.
• C 12 -C 24 -monoalkylamines with which the partially imidized maleic anhydride- ⁇ -methylstyrene copolymers contained in the additive mixture can be imidized, are dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, oleylamine or eicosylamine.
• the waxy oligomeric esters based on glycerol monostearate and dimer acid as additive component d1) are those in EP 0 934 921 A1 described oligomeric esters.
• the component glycerol monostearate can be prepared by cleavage of rapeseed oil by means of enzymes, isolation of the glycerol monooleate formed and subsequent hydrogenation.
• a suitable method of preparation of the dimer acid component is the splitting of vegetable oils and the subsequent dimerization of the unsaturated fatty acids formed.
• the oligomeric esters are prepared by solvent-free oligocondensation with acid catalysis.
• Preferred additive components d1) are waxy oligomeric esters which have a degree of oligomerization of from 2 to 8.
• the wax esters with a vase-like consistency d2) are those in EP 0 970 998 A1 described wax esters.
• the wax esters with vaseline-like consistency d2) contained in the additive mixture are preferably wax esters based on Guerbet alcohols of the 2-hexyldecan-1-ol, 2-octyldecan-1-ol or 2-octyldecan-1-ol type and dimer acids obtained by cleavage of Vegetable oils with high oleic acid content and subsequent catalytic dimerization.
• the production of wax esters from the Guerbet alcohols and dimer acid can be carried out by catalytic esterification in the presence of acidic catalysts at temperatures of 100 to 160 ° C in stirred reactors under application of a vacuum of - 0.5 to -1.5 bar.
• the mineral oils may also contain up to 30% by weight of synthesis hydrocarbons from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, up to 20% by weight modified vegetable oils based on sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil or oils of animal origin, biodiesel and / or up to 10% by weight of alcohols such as methanol or ethanol contain.
• the mineral oils are preferably crude oils or fuel oils from a middle distillate with a sulfur content of less than 0.05% by mass, in particular heating oils, gas oils or diesel oils.
• compositions of mineral oil can total up to 200% by weight, based on the additive components a + b, a + c, a + d, a + b + c, a + b + c + d or a + c + d, further additive components from Type of fatty acid mixtures, polar nitrogen compounds, preferably polyamines, ether amines, amino alcohols, amine salts, amides or imides of polybasic carboxylic acids; modified copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, unmodified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, C 7 -C 30 -alcohols, polyalkylene glycols, esters or ethers of polyoxyalkylene compounds, C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids, preferably C 3 -C 4 -oxyalkyl-bridged
• fatty acid mixtures contained in the compositions of mineral oil as further additive components are mixtures of saturated and / or unsaturated C 6 -C 40 -carboxylic acids such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, dimer fatty acids and alkenylsuccinic acids.
• polyamine type polar nitrogen compounds contained in the compositions of mineral oil as further additive components are N-hexadecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-octadecyldipropylenetriamine, N-dodecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N, N'-didodecyl-1 , 3-diaminopropane and N, N'-dioctadecyl-dipropylenetriamine.
• Examples of the ethereal polar nitrogen compounds contained in the compositions of mineral oil as further additive components are 3-methoxypropylamine, 3-N-octyloxypropyl-1,3-diaminopropane and 3-N- (2,4,6-trimethyldecyloxypropyl) -1, 3-diaminopropane.
• Examples of the polar nitrogen compounds contained in the compositions of mineral oil as further additive components are aminopentan-5-ol, aminoundecan-11-ol and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol.
• Examples of the amines used in polar nitrogen compounds of the amine salt type, amides or imides of polybasic carboxylic acids are C 8 -C 40 -amines such as hydrogenated tallamine, tetradecylamine, eicosylamine, dioctadecylamine, methylbehenylamine, N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N Stearyl-1-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane or N-Oleyldipropylentriamin.
• polybasic carboxylic acids which are the basis of polar nitrogen compounds of the amine salt or amide type of polybasic carboxylic acids are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
• amine salt type polar nitrogen compounds contained in the mineral oil compositions as further additive components are N-methyltriethanolammonium distearyl ester chloride and N-methyltriethanolammonium distearyl ester methosulfate.
• Examples of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic acid anhydrides which may be contained as monomer component in the modified copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 dicarboxylic anhydrides as further additive component are allylsuccinic anhydride, bicycloheptendicarboxylic anhydride, bicyclooctene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, carbomethoxymaleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, cyclohexene dicarboxylic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride , Glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, Maleic anhydride, mesaconic anhydride, methylbicycloheptheneicarboxylic anhydride and / or methylcyclohexene dicarboxylic anhydride, preferably maleic anhydride and / or itaconic anhydride.
• Suitable comonomers for ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides which may be contained as monomer component in the modified copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides as further additive component are ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the type C 2 -C 20 Olefins, C 8 -C 20 vinyl aromatics, C 4 -C 21 acrylic acid esters, C 5 -C 22 methacrylic acid esters, C 5 -C 14 vinyl silanes, C 6 -C 15 acrylatesilanes, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinylpyridine , Vinyloxazoline, isopropenyloxazoline, vinylpyrrolidone, amino-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl- (meth) acrylates, C 3 -C 20 -vinyl esters, C 3 -C 20 -vin
• Particularly preferred modified copolymers are copolymers of C 4 -C 20 -ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydrides and ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 9 and molecular weights of 5000 to 500,000, with ammonia, C 1 -C 24 monoalkylamines , C 6 -C 18 -aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18 -monoamino alcohols, monoaminated poly (C 2 -C 4 -alkylene) oxides having a molecular weight of from 400 to 3000, and / or monoetherified poly (C 2 -C 4 -) alkylene) oxides having a molecular weight of from 100 to 10,000, the molar ratio being anhydride copolymer / ammonia, amino groups C 1 -C 24 -monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 18 -aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C
• Particularly suitable as partially or completely imidized copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides with C 12 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or eicosylamine, monosubstituted diamines of the N-dodecyl-1,3- type diaminopropane, N-octadecyl-1,3-diaminopropane or N-octadecylpropylene triamine or aminoalcohols such as aminodecan-10-ol or aminohexadecan-16-ol imidated maleic anhydride copolymers.
• C 12 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, oct
• C 7 -C 30 alcohols which may be included as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are dodecanol, stearyl alcohol and ceryl alcohol.
• polyalkylene glycols which may be contained as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers having molecular weights of 500 to 5,000.
• esters of polyoxyalkylene compounds which may be included as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are C 10 -C 24 monoalkyl ester or dialkyl esters of polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol monostearyl ester or polypropylene glycol dioleate.
• the C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids which may be included as further additive component in the mineral oil compositions, consist of a C 2 -C 6 polyalcohol component and a C 12 -C 40 -conocarboxylic acid component ,
• polyalcohols which may be contained as the alcohol component in the C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids as further additive component are ethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, glycerol, 1,1,1-tris- (hydroxymethyl) propane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
• C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids which may be contained as the carboxylic acid component in the C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids as further additive component are lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, eleostearic acid , Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid or dimer acids based on oleic acid or linolenic acid.
• C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids are mixed esters of polyalcohols in which the polyalcohols are esterified by mixtures of C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids.
• Specific examples of C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids are the monoesters of ethylene glycol with dilinolenic acid, a C 36 -dimeric acid, the diester of propylene glycol with oleic acid and the triester of pentaerythritol with stearic acid.
• C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkylverb Wegte C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids are esters of unsaturated C 16 -C 24 monocarboxylic acids with C 3 -C 4 polyalcohols, wherein the proportion of C 22 monocarboxylic acids, based on the total mass of C 16 -C 24 monocarboxylic acids, 45 to 52% by mass.
• Examples of unsaturated C 16 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids which may be present in the preferred esters of unsaturated C 16 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids with C 3 -C 4 -polyalcohols are oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid.
• hydrocarbon polymers which may be included as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are copolymers of ethylene and C 3 -C 20 alpha-olefins such as ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-dodecene copolymers or hydrogenated polyunsaturated monomer polymers of the hydrogenated diene copolymer type such as hydrogenated polybutadiene or hydrogenated polyisoprene having number average molecular weights of up to 30,000.
• copolymers of ethylene and C 3 -C 20 alpha-olefins such as ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-dodecene copolymers or hydrogenated polyunsaturated monomer polymers of the hydrogenated diene copolymer type such as hydrogenated polybutadiene or hydrogenated polyisoprene having number average molecular weights of up to 30,000.
• alkylphenol-aldehyde copolymers that may be included as additional additive components in the mineral oil compositions are copolymers that can be prepared by reacting alkylated phenols, such as phenol-propylene oligomer adducts, with paraformaldehyde.
• aromatic compounds having C 8 -C 100 -alkyl substituents which may be contained as further additive components in the compositions of mineral oil, are compounds obtained by Friedel-Krafts condensation halogenated hydrocarbons such as halogenated polyethylene wax can be prepared with aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene or naphthalene.
• detergents which may be included as further additive components in the compositions of mineral oil are aliphatic sulfonic acids such as C 8 -C 30 alkanesulfonates or aromatic-aliphatic alkanesulfonates, in particular nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, didodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and nonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid.
• aliphatic sulfonic acids such as C 8 -C 30 alkanesulfonates or aromatic-aliphatic alkanesulfonates, in particular nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, didodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and nonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid.
• demulsifiers which may be included as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are oxalkylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates, polyalkylene glycol-modified diglycidyl ethers, polyesteramines or alkoxylated fatty acids.
• cetane improvers which may be included as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are organic nitric acid esters such as ethylhexyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate or ethoxyethyl nitrate, or soluble organic peroxides, hydroperoxides or peresters.
• Preferred defoamers which may be included as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are polyalkylene oxide-siloxane block copolymers and carboxylated polyamines.
• polyalkylene oxide-siloxane block copolymers are block copolymers which are a combination of trifunctional Siloxane blocks such as monomethylsiloxane groups, difunctional siloxane groups such as dimethylsiloxane groups and monofunctional siloxane groups such as trimethylsiloxane groups, a preferred length of the siloxane blocks is 5 to 20 monomer units.
• the preferred length is 2 to 40 monomer units, preferably polyoxyalkylene blocks of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units.
• carboxylated polyamines as defoamers are reaction products of C 8 -C 24 -fatty acids and amines such as ethylenediamine, butylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and pentaethylenehexamine-1,2-diaminobutanol.
• cosolvents which may be included as additional additive components in the mineral oil compositions are gasoline fractions, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, isononanol, ethylhexanol, dodecylphenol, epoxidized rapeseed oil and epoxidized soybean oil.
• compositions of mineral oil as a main component and small proportions of an additive mixture are suitable, in particular, as flowable media to be transported at low temperatures and as a mineral oil fuel with high lubricity and flowability.
• Examples of the flowable media to be transported at low temperatures are the transport of crude oil formulations from the source of the crude oil through pipelines for loading and storage as well as the transport of diesel or fuel oil formulations in pipelines.
• a 500 ml sample is stored in a graduated cylinder for 16 h and then the 80% by volume of the sample present above is filtered off with suction and discarded. The remaining 20% by volume of the sample (100 ml) are homogenized at 40 ° C. and the cloud point (CP) according to DIN EN 23 015 is determined therefrom.
• a 500 ml mineral oil sample is shaken 20 x vertically, tempered for 16 h at 10 ° C, shaken 10 x vertically, and the entire sample is at once through a filter made of cellulose nitrate (diameter 50 mm, pore size 0.8 .mu.m), on a Suction cup with a vacuum of approx. 200 hPa is added, filtered. The time (s) in which the sample passes through the filter is determined. The SEDAB filtration test is passed if the sample passes the filter for a period ⁇ 120 s.
• Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax manufactured by manufacturer, vinyl acetate content 28.3% by mass, weight average molecular weight 3150 g / mol).
• the glycerin mixed ester was prepared by the melt esterification process.
• the feed funnel of a Werner & Pfleiderer twin-screw extruder ZSK 30, L / D 48, with side-stream metering device for liquid media and two vacuum degassing zones and weighfeeder contains a maleic anhydride / octadecene copolymer partially esterified with dodecyl alcohol (molar ratio 1: 2.2, acid number 40, molecular weight). number average 2400) at 3.8 kg / h and melted at 90 ° C.
• glycerol dierraic acid ester is metered into the melt at 2.0 kg / h from a storage tank heated at 90 ° C., reacted in the first reaction zone (residence time 4.5 min) at 110 ° C., degassed, in the second reaction zone reacted at 130 ° C (residence time 3.5 min), degassed, conveyed at 85 ° C by means of melt gear pump (type Extrex SP, Maag pump systems) in a self-cleaning melt filter and shaped for shaping in a pastillation with cooling belt in lozenges.
• melt gear pump type Extrex SP, Maag pump systems
• the resulting glycerol mixed ester has an acid number of 8.5 and a melting range of 52 to 59 ° C.
• the additive solution according to 1.2 is injected at 0.48 kg / min into a product stream of diesel fuel additive 16080601 at 800 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the testing of the cold resistance of the mineral oil formulation results in a CFPP value of -10 ° C.
• the Lubricity test gives a "wear scar diameter" of 405 for.
• the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 7 ° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is passed (500 ml in 84 s).
• the CFPP value is -3 ° C. and the wear scar diameter is 520 ⁇ m.
• the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 10 ° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is considered failed (468 ml in> 120 s).
• the glycerin mixed ester was prepared by the melt esterification process.
• Glycerol dioleyl ester is metered into the melt at a rate of 1.14 kg / h from a storage tank heated at 90 ° C., reacted in the first reaction zone (residence time 4.5 min) at 115 ° C., degassed, in the second reaction zone reacted at 130 ° C (residence time 3.5 min), degassed, conveyed at 85 ° C by means of melt gear pump (type Extrex SP, Maag pump systems) in a self-cleaning melt filter and shaped for shaping in a pastillation with cooling belt in lozenges.
• melt gear pump type Extrex SP, Maag pump systems
• the resulting glycerol mixed ester has an acid number of 4.5 and a melting range of 55 to 66 ° C.
• Dodecyl acrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer (molar ratio 2: 1, number average molecular weight 13500)
• the additive solution according to 2.2 is injected at 0.12 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the testing of the cold resistance of the mineral oil formulation results in a CFPP value of -11 ° C.
• the Lubricity test gives a wear scar diameter of 402 ⁇ m.
• the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 9 ° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is passed (500 ml in 96 s).
• the CFPP value is -5 ° C. and the wear scar diameter is 528 ⁇ m.
• the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 12 ° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is considered failed (468 ml in> 120 s).
• the glycerin mixed ester was prepared by the melt esterification process.
• an ester of glycerol and an acid mixture of erucic acid / oleic acid (molar ratio 1: 1, degree of esterification 82 mol%) is metered into the melt at 2.72 kg / h from a storage tank heated at 90 ° C. (in the first reaction zone).
• the resulting glycerol mixed ester has an acid number of 3.5 and a melting range of 55 to 64 ° C.
• the additive solution according to 3.2 is injected at 0.24 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is -12 ° C.
• the glycerin mixed ester was prepared by the melt esterification process.
• About the side stream dosing is from a heated at 110 ° C storage tank, an ester of glycerol and an acid mixture of erucic acid / oleic acid / linoleic acid / linolenic acid (molar ratio 6: 1: 1: 1), degree of esterification 74 mol%) with 2.4 kg / h in the melt metered, reacted in the first reaction zone (residence time 4.5 min) at 125 ° C, degassed, in the second reaction zone at 135 ° C (residence time 3.5 min) reacted, degassed, at 95 ° C by means of melt gear pump (type Extrex SP , Maag pump systems) into a self-cleaning melt filter and formed into lozenges for shaping in a pastillation plant with cooling belt.
• melt gear pump type Extrex SP , Maag pump systems
• the resulting glycerol mixed ester has an acid number of 5.5 and a melting range of 53 to 63 ° C.
• the additive solution according to 4.2 is injected at 0.28 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is -1 ° C.
• Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax manufactured by manufacturer, vinyl acetate content 32% by mass, weight average molecular weight 2300 g / mol).
• 81 l of ⁇ -methylstyrene, 7 l of ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer and 20 l of acetone are introduced into a 500 l stirred reactor and the stirred reactor is heated to 59 ° C.
• a solution of 52 kg of maleic anhydride and 2.4 kg Azoisobutterkladinitril in 150 1 of acetone is uniformly metered into the stirred reactor and the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 6 h at 70 to 73 ° C.
• the still 54 to 56 ° C warm polymer solution is then fed continuously to a two-roll vacuum dryer and separated into a powdered copolymer with about 1.1% by mass residual volatile and in acetone.
• the additive solution according to 5.2 is injected at 0.48 kg / min into a product stream of diesel fuel additive 16080601 at 800 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the testing of the cold resistance of the mineral oil formulation results in a CFPP value of -16 ° C.
• the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 5 ° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is passed (500 ml in 76 s).
• the CFPP value is -3 ° C.
• the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 10 ° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is considered failed (468 ml in> 120 s).
• the about 70 ° C warm polymer solution is now continuously metered in a 500 1 stirred reactor containing 280 1 2-ethylhexanol and heated to a temperature of 150 ° C, distilled off of 2-butanone-2. Now within 4 hours 104 kg of a C 16 - C 18 fatty amine are metered, wherein the temperature is raised to 165 to 185 ° C to distill off water together with a small amount of 2-ethylhexanol. This gives a 40% solution of the partially imidized copolymer c) in 2-ethylhexanol having an acid number of 56 and a molecular weight average of 14,200 g / mol.
• the additive solution according to 6.2 is injected at 0.24 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is -5 ° C.
• the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 12 ° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is considered failed (468 ml in> 120 s).
• An analysis pattern of the copolymer has an acid value of 430 mg KOH per gram of copolymer. NMR studies show 1.4 ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer end groups / mole.
• the about 90 ° C warm polymer solution is now continuously in a 500 1 stirred reactor containing 280 1 of a C 8 -C 9 -Dieselaromatenfr neglect and 122 kg of a C 12 - C 14 fatty amine mixture and heated to a temperature of 160 ° C. , Metered with distilling off of 1,2-dichloroethane and the water of reaction of the imidization.
• a 40% strength solution of the partially imidized copolymer c) is obtained in a C 8 -C 9 -diesel aromatic fraction having an acid number of 25 and a molecular weight weight average of 7000 g / mol.
• the additive solution according to 7.2 is injected at 0.24 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is -13 ° C.
• Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax manufactured by manufacturer, vinyl acetate content 32% by mass, weight average molecular weight 2300 g / mol).
• An analysis pattern of the copolymer has an acid number of 445 mg KOH per gram of copolymer. NMR studies yield 1.3 ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer end groups / mole.
• the still 54 to 56 ° C warm polymer solution is then fed continuously to a two-roll vacuum dryer and into a powdered copolymer with about 1.1% residual volatiles and acetone separated.
• a C 8 -C 9 -diesel aromatic fraction boiling above 160 ° C. in an amount of 382 kg and 135 kg of stearylamine is introduced into a 500 1 stirred reactor and heated to 130 ° C. 135.5 kg of the copolymer are continuously metered into this solution within 4 hours.
• the internal temperature in the stirred reactor rises to 180 to 185 ° C, and it forms water, which is distilled off azeotropically with an approximately equal amount of C 8 -C 9 -Dieselaromatenfr quasi.
• After a total of 6 hours of reaction time at 160 to 190 ° C, 8.5 kg of water and 10.2 kg of solvent are distilled off.
• a 40% strength solution of the stearylamine-partially imidized copolymer having an acid number of 51 and a molar mass average of 13750 g / mol is obtained.
• the additive solution according to 8.2 is injected at 0.48 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the testing of the cold resistance of the mineral oil formulation results in a CFPP value of -17 ° C. If a mineral oil formulation containing only the copolymer wax as an additive is produced under the same conditions, the CFPP value is -3 ° C.
• Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax manufactured by manufacturer, vinyl acetate content 32% by mass, weight average molecular weight 2300 g / mol).
• Wax ester with Vaseline-like consistency acid number 7.9 mg KOH / g, saponification number 113 mg KOH / g, kinematic viscosity 20.6 mm 2 / s, solidification point 34.5 ° C.
• a mixture of 25 kg of dimer acid (dimerization product of unsaturated C 18 -fatty acids, average C number 36), 5 kg of stearyl alcohol and 7 kg of cetyl alcohol are melted at 120 ° C. under inert gas introduction in a 70 l stirred reactor and admixed with 50 g of H 2 SO 4 reacted while removing the water of reaction until an acid number of 7.9 mg KOH / g is reached. After cooling the melt, the catalyst is neutralized with 0.5 l of 10% NaHCO 3 , the aqueous phase is separated off, and the wax ester is stripped off.
• Ethyl acrylate-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer (molar ratio 3: 2, number average molecular weight 13500)
• the additive solution according to 9.2 is injected at 0.48 kg / min into a product stream of diesel fuel additive 16080601 at 800 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the cold resistance test of the mineral oil composition gives a CFPP of -14 ° C.
• the Lubricity test gives a wear scar diameter of 412 microns.
• the CFPP value is -3 ° C.
• Wax ester with Vaseline-like consistency acid number 8.6 mg KOH / g, saponification number 118 mg KOH / g, kinematic viscosity 23.1 mm 2 / s, solidification point 35.2 ° C.
• a mixture of 25 kg dimer acid (dimerization product of unsaturated C 18 -fatty acids, average C-number 36), 5 kg of isostearyl alcohol and 8 kg of eicosanol are melted at 120 ° C. under inert gas introduction in a 70 l stirred reactor and admixed with 50 g of H 2 SO 4 as long as reacted with the reaction water until an acid number of 8.6 mg KOH / g is reached. After cooling the melt, the catalyst is neutralized with 1.0 1 5% NaHCO 3 , the aqueous phase separated, and the wax ester withdrawn.
• Triester of pentaerythritol with oleic acid Triester of pentaerythritol with oleic acid
• the additive solution according to 10.2 is injected at 0.30 kg / min into a product stream of non-additive diesel batch 030210 at 800 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the cold resistance test of the mineral oil composition gives a CFPP value of -8 ° C.
• the Lubricity test gives a wear scar diameter of 425 ⁇ m.
• the CFPP value is -5 ° C. and the wear scar diameter is 528 ⁇ m.
• Oligomeric esters acid number 12 mg KOH / g, saponification number 175 mg KOH / g, kinematic viscosity (100 ° C) 65 mm 2 / s, solidification point 42 ° C, prepared according to EP 0 934 921 A1 from glycerol monostearate and dimer acid (dimerization product of unsaturated C 18 -fatty acids, average C-number 36) by solvent-free oligocondensation with acid catalysis.
• the additive solution according to 11.2 is injected at 0.28 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the cold resistance test of the mineral oil composition gives a CFPP value of -16 ° C.
• CFPP value is -13 ° C.
• Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax manufactured by manufacturer, vinyl acetate content 32% by mass, weight average molecular weight 2300 g / mol).
• Oligomeric ester acid number 14 mg KOH / g, saponification number 185 mg KOH / g, kinematic viscosity (100 ° C.) 76 mm 2 / s, solidification point 47 ° C., prepared according to EP 0 934 921 A1 from glycerol monostearate and dimer acid (dimerization product of unsaturated C 18 -fatty acids, average C-number 36) by solvent-free oligocondensation with acid catalysis.
• the additive solution according to 12.2 is injected at 0.52 kg / min into a product stream of diesel fuel additive 16080601 at 800 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
• the cold resistance test of the mineral oil composition gives a CFPP value of -18 ° C.
• the CFPP value is -3 ° C.

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