EP1662275B1 - System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging - Google Patents

System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1662275B1
EP1662275B1 EP05257070.2A EP05257070A EP1662275B1 EP 1662275 B1 EP1662275 B1 EP 1662275B1 EP 05257070 A EP05257070 A EP 05257070A EP 1662275 B1 EP1662275 B1 EP 1662275B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwave
antenna
target
illumination
reflected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05257070.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1662275A2 (en
EP1662275A3 (en
Inventor
Izhak Baharav
Robert Taber
Gregory Steven Lee
John Stephan Kofol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agilent Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Agilent Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agilent Technologies Inc filed Critical Agilent Technologies Inc
Publication of EP1662275A2 publication Critical patent/EP1662275A2/en
Publication of EP1662275A3 publication Critical patent/EP1662275A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1662275B1 publication Critical patent/EP1662275B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/005—Prospecting or detecting by optical means operating with millimetre waves, e.g. measuring the black losey radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a security inspection system and method.
  • security checkpoints such as those found at airports, concerts, sporting events, courtrooms, federal buildings, schools and other types of public and private facilities potentially at risk from terrorist attacks.
  • Conventional security inspection systems currently in place at security checkpoints include physical inspection, such as visual and/or tactile inspection, performed by security personnel, metal detectors and X-ray systems.
  • physical inspection by security personnel is tedious, unreliable and invasive.
  • metal detectors are prone to false alarms, and are not capable of detecting non-metallic objects, such as plastic or liquid explosives, plastic or ceramic handguns or knives and drugs.
  • X-ray systems pose a health risk, particularly those people who are repeatably exposed to X-ray radiation, such as airport personnel, and X-ray systems also are not able detect certain materials/geometries, such as ceramic knives.
  • Microwave radiation is generally defined as electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between radio waves and infrared waves.
  • An advantage of microwave radiation over X-ray radiation is that microwave radiation is nonionizing, and therefore, poses no known health risks to people at moderate power levels.
  • dielectric materials such as clothing, paper, plastic and leather are nearly transparent. Therefore, microwave imaging systems have the ability to penetrate clothing to image items concealed by clothing.
  • US 5,455,590 discloses a security inspection system, including a portal through which a human subject is capable of walking.
  • a scanning panel of the system includes an array of antenna units. Each one of the antenna units transmits a beam of microwave illumination in a direction. Each antenna unit is also capable of receiving reflected microwave illumination reflected from a target.
  • the system also includes a processor operable to measure an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a pixel within an image including the target, constructed by said processor.
  • the preferred embodiment can provide a cost-effective and simple microwave imaging system for use in security inspection of persons or other items that does not require any moving parts.
  • the reflector antenna array is configured to also receive the reflected microwave illumination reflected from the target and reflect the reflected microwave illumination towards a receiving microwave antenna based on an additional respective phase delay associated with each of the reflecting antenna elements.
  • the scanning panel includes two or more scanning panels, each for imaging a different portion of the human subject.
  • the two or more scanning panels may be operated simultaneously to obtain two or more pixel values simultaneously.
  • the scanning panel is capable of simultaneously directing multiple microwave beams of different frequencies towards different targets on the human subject.
  • the security inspection system includes a microwave source for providing microwave illumination, a reflector antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements, each being programmable with a respective phase delay to reflect the microwave illumination towards a position on a target and receive reflected microwave illumination reflected from the position on the target and a processor operable to measure an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a pixel within an image of the target.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simplified exemplary microwave security inspection system 10, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the microwave security inspection system 10 includes a portal 20 through which a human subject 30 is capable of walking.
  • the portal 20 does not include any moving parts, and therefore, the human subject 30 is able to walk at a normal pace in a single direction 40 through the portal 20.
  • the portal 20 is an area through which an item, such as luggage, a purse, a briefcase, a laptop, a bag or other type of item, may pass. The item may be placed in the portal 20 or pass through the portal 20 on a conveyor belt.
  • the microwave security inspection system 10 further includes one or more scanning panels 50 and one or more microwave antennas 60.
  • Each of the microwave antennas 60 is capable of transmitting microwave radiation and/or receiving microwave radiation.
  • one or more of the scanning panels 50 includes a passive programmable reflector array composed of reflecting antenna elements.
  • Each of the reflecting antenna elements is capable of being programmed with a respective phase delay to direct microwave I illumination towards the human subject 30 and/or towards one of the microwave antennas 60.
  • the phase delay can be either binary or continuous.
  • the microwave imaging system 10 further includes a processor 100, computer-readable medium 110 and a display 120.
  • the processor 100 includes any hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof for controlling the scanning panels 50 and microwave antennas 60 and processing the received microwave illumination reflected from the human subject 30 to construct a microwave image of the human subject 30.
  • the processor 100 may include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, digital signal processors or other type of processing devices that are configured to execute instructions of a computer program, and one or more memories (e.g., cache memory) that store the instructions and other data used by the processor 100.
  • the memory 110 is any type of data storage device, including but not limited to, a hard drive, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), compact disc, floppy disc, ZIP® drive, tape drive, database or other type of storage device or storage medium.
  • the processor 100 operates to program the phase delays or phase shifts of each of the individual antenna elements in the scanning panels 50 to illuminate multiple target positions on the human subject 30 with microwave radiation and/or receive reflected microwave illumination from multiple target positions on the human subject 30.
  • the processor 100 in conjunction with the scanning panels 50 operates to scan the human subject 30.
  • the resulting microwave image of the human subject 30 can be passed from the processor 100 to the display 120 to display the microwave image of the human subject 30.
  • the display 120 is a two-dimensional display for displaying a three-dimensional microwave image of the human subject 30 or one or more two-dimensional microwave images of the human subject 30.
  • the display 120 is a three-dimensional display capable of displaying a three-dimensional microwave image of the human subject 30.
  • the above-described relationship is derived using the well-known formula for the complex reflection coefficient between a source impedance and a load impedance. Choosing the source to be the antenna and the load to be the non-ideal switching device, the on-state reflection coefficient is set to be equal to the opposite of the off-state reflection coefficient to arrive at equation (1).
  • the reflector antenna array is connectable to a controller board 340 that includes driver electronics.
  • An example controller board 340 is also depicted in FIG. 3 and includes a ground plane 344, a drive signal via 346, and driver electronics 342.
  • the controller board 340 also includes connectors 348 that are compatible with connectors 350 of the reflector antenna array.
  • the connectors 348 of the two boards can be connected to each other, for example, using wave soldering.
  • the FET 322 can be surface mounted on the same side of the printed circuit board substrate 314 as the planar patch antenna 320a.
  • the driver electronics 342 can be soldered directly to the same printed circuit board in which the reflecting antenna element 200 is built.
  • the scanning panel is an active transmit/receive array including active antenna elements.
  • An example of an active antenna element 1200 for use in an transmit/receive array is shown in FIG. 12 and described in co-pending and commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/997,583 .
  • the active antenna element 1200 is a broadband binary phased antenna element including an antenna 1210 connected to a respective switch 1215.
  • the switch 1215 can be, for example, a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch or a double-pole double-throw (DPDT) switch. The operating state of the switch 1215 controls the phase of the respective antenna element 1200.
  • SPDT single-pole double-throw
  • DPDT double-pole double-throw
  • the antenna element 1200 in a first operating state of the switch 1215, the antenna element 1200 may be in a first binary state (e.g., 0 degrees), while in a second operating state of the switch 1215, the antenna element 1200 may be in a second binary state (e.g., 180 degrees).
  • the operating state of the switch 1215 defines the terminal connections of the switch 1215.
  • terminal 1218 in the first operating state, terminal 1218 may be in a closed (short circuit) position to connect feed line 1216 between the antenna 1210 and the switch 1215, while terminal 1219 may be in an open position.
  • the operating state of each switch 1215 is independently controlled by a control circuit (not shown) to individually set the phase of each antenna element 1200.
  • the term symmetric antenna 1210 refers to an antenna that can be tapped or fed at either of two feed points 1211 or 1213 to create one of two opposite symmetric field distributions or electric currents.
  • the two opposite symmetric field distributions are created by using a symmetric antenna 1210 that is symmetric in shape about a mirror axis 1250 thereof.
  • the mirror axis 1250 passes through the antenna 1210 to create two symmetrical sides 1252 and 1254.
  • the feed points 1211 and I 1213 are located on either side 1252 and 1254 of the mirror axis 1250 of the antenna 1210.
  • the feed points 1211 and 1213 are positioned on the antenna 1210 substantially symmetrical about the mirror axis 1250.
  • the mirror axis 1250 can run parallel to one dimension 1260 (e.g., length, width, height, etc.) of the antenna 1210, and the feed points 1211 and 1213 can be positioned near a midpoint 1270 of the dimension 1260.
  • the feed points 1211 and 1213 are shown positioned near a midpoint 1270 of the antenna 1210 on each side 1252 and 1254 of the mirror axis 1250.
  • the symmetric antenna 1210 is capable of producing two opposite symmetric field distributions, labeled A and B.
  • the magnitude (e.g., power) of field distribution A is substantially identical to the magnitude of field distribution B, but the phase of field distribution A differs from the phase of field distribution B by 180 degrees.
  • field distribution A resembles field distribution B at ⁇ 180° in the electrical cycle.
  • the symmetric antenna 1210 is connected to the symmetric switch 1215 via feed lines 1216 and 1217.
  • Feed point 1211 is connected to terminal 1218 of the symmetric switch 1215 via feed line 1216, and feed point 1213 is connected to terminal 1219 of the symmetric switch 1215 via feed line 1217.
  • the term symmetric switch refers to either a SPDT or DPDT switch in which the two operating states of the switch are symmetric about the terminals 1218 and 1219.
  • the impedance of channel ⁇ is 10 ⁇ and the impedance of channel ⁇ is 1k ⁇
  • the impedance of channel ⁇ is 10 ⁇ .
  • the channel impedances are not required to be perfect opens or shorts or even real.
  • a switch is symmetric if the S-parameter matrix of the switch is identical in the two operating states of the switch (e.g., between the two terminals 1218 and 1219).
  • the microwave security inspection system can be implemented with two scanning panels, each including a 1m x 1m array of antenna elements to scan half of a human subject.
  • the microwave security inspection system can be implemented with four scanning panels, each including a .5m x .5m array of antenna elements capable of scanning a quadrant of the human subject.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a top view of an exemplary scanning panel 50 for reflecting microwave illumination, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • microwave illumination 400 transmitted from a microwave antenna 60 is received by various antenna elements 200 in the scanning panel 50.
  • the antenna elements 200 are each programmed with a respective phase delay to direct reflected microwave illumination 410 towards a target 420.
  • the phase delays are selected to create positive interference of the reflected microwave illumination 410 from each of the antenna elements 200 at the target 420.
  • the phase shift of each of the antenna elements 200 is adjusted to provide the same phase delay for each path of the reflected microwave illumination 410 from the source (antenna element 200) to the target 420.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary microwave security inspection system 10 illuminating a target 420 on a human subject 30, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the microwave inspection system 10 is shown including four scanning panels 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d and four microwave antennas 60a, 60b, 60c and 60d.
  • microwave illumination 500 is radiated from a particular microwave antenna (e.g., microwave antenna 60d) towards a particular scanning panel (e.g., scanning panel 50d).
  • the antenna elements in the scanning panel 50d are each programmed with a respective phase delay to reflect the microwave illumination 500 and direct reflected microwave illumination 510 towards the target 420. This phase delay will also insure the focusing of the reflected wave from the target 420 J toward the receiving antenna 60d.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary microwave security inspection system 10 illuminating multiple targets 420a and 420b on a human subject 30, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • microwave illumination 620 is radiated from a particular microwave antenna (e.g., microwave antenna 60c) towards a particular scanning panel (e.g., scanning panel 50c).
  • the antenna elements in the scanning panel 50c are each programmed with a respective phase delay to reflect the microwave illumination 620 and direct reflected microwave illumination 630 towards a particular target 420a.
  • microwave illumination 600 is radiated from a particular microwave antenna (e.g., microwave antenna 60d) towards a particular scanning panel (e.g., scanning panel 50d).
  • the antenna elements in the scanning panel 50d are each programmed with a respective phase delay to reflect the microwave illumination 600 and direct reflected microwave illumination 610 towards a particular target 420b.
  • the antenna elements within each scanning panel 50c and 50d can be interleaved such as to direct microwave illumination reflected from the targets 420a and 420b towards the respective microwave antennas 60c and 60d.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary coverage area 700, 710, 720 and 730 of each scanning panel 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d, respectively, in the exemplary microwave security inspection system 10, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the coverage area 700, 710, 720 and 730 of each scanning panel 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d, respectively, encompasses a different portion of the human subject 30.
  • the human subject 30 is divided into quadrants, and the coverage area 700, 710, 720 and 730 of each scanning panel 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d, respectively, includes one of the quadrants.
  • time multiplexing of the microwave image is accomplished by simultaneously operating each scanning panel 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d to scan all of the quadrants of the human subject 30.
  • each scanning panel 50a-50d and each microwave antenna 60a-60d can also be programmed to accommodate frequency multiplexing in order to simultaneously scan multiple targets in one quadrant of the human subject 30 using different frequencies.
  • FIG. 8 is a pictorial representation of various potential beams of microwave illumination produced by the microwave security inspection system, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Each scanning panel 50a and 50b produces a radiation pattern 800 and 810, respectively, of microwave illumination at a target 420.
  • Each radiation pattern 800 and 810 represents a beam of microwave illumination having a particular beam width that determines the resolution of the image, where large beam widths produce poor resolution.
  • the beam width is dependent on the wavelength of the microwave illumination and the size and programming of each scanning panel 50a and 50b.
  • microwave antenna 60a is a transmitting microwave antenna and microwave antenna 60b is a receiving microwave antenna.
  • the transmitting microwave antenna 60a transmits microwave illumination towards the scanning panel 50a.
  • the scanning panel 50a reflects the microwave illumination towards the target 420 as a beam 800 of microwave illumination.
  • the microwave illumination reflected from the target 420 is received as a beam 820 of microwave illumination by the scanning panel 50b and reflected towards the receiving microwave antenna 60b.
  • the resolution of the microwave image can be reduced to the intersection (or multiplication) 820 of the two radiation patterns 800 and 810.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the usage of different microwave antennas and scanning panels for transmission and reception, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • microwave antenna 60a is used as the transmitting microwave antenna and microwave antenna 60c is used as the receiving microwave antenna to image a target 420 on the front of the human subject 30.
  • the transmitting microwave antenna 60a transmits microwave illumination 900 towards the scanning panel 50a.
  • the scanning panel 50a reflects the microwave illumination towards the target 420 as a beam 910 of microwave illumination.
  • the microwave illumination reflected from the target 420 is received as a beam 920 of microwave illumination by the scanning panel 50c and reflected towards the receiving microwave antenna 60c.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the usage of other microwave antennas and scanning panels for transmission and reception, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • microwave antenna 60c is used as the transmitting microwave antenna and microwave antenna 60d is used as the receiving microwave antenna to image a target 420 on the side of the human subject 30.
  • the transmitting microwave antenna 60c transmits microwave illumination 1000 towards the scanning panel 50c.
  • the scanning panel 50c reflects the microwave illumination towards the target 420 as a beam 1010 of microwave illumination.
  • the microwave illumination reflected from the target 420 is received as a beam 1020 of microwave illumination by the scanning panel 50d and reflected towards the receiving microwave antenna 60d.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process 1100 for performing microwave security inspection of a human subject or other item, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • a reflector antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements is provided at block 1110.
  • each of the antenna elements is programmed with a respective phase delay.
  • the reflector antenna array is illuminated with microwave radiation by a microwave source at block 1130, and reflects the microwave illumination towards a target on a human subject or other item based on the programmed phase delays of each of the antenna elements at block 1140.
  • the reflector antenna array receives microwave illumination reflected from the target on the human subject or other item.
  • the intensity of the reflected microwave illumination received at the reflector antenna array from the target on the human subject or item is measured to determine the value of a pixel within an image of the human subject or item. If there are more targets on the human subject or item to scan at block 1170, the antenna elements are re-programmed with new respective phase delays to reflect microwave illumination towards a new target on the human subject or item at block 1120. Once all of the targets on the human subject or item have been scanned, at block 1180, a microwave image of the human subject or item is constructed from the measured pixel values at each target (point) on the human subject or item.

Landscapes

  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP05257070.2A 2004-11-24 2005-11-16 System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging Active EP1662275B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/996,764 US6965340B1 (en) 2004-11-24 2004-11-24 System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1662275A2 EP1662275A2 (en) 2006-05-31
EP1662275A3 EP1662275A3 (en) 2008-07-16
EP1662275B1 true EP1662275B1 (en) 2017-12-20

Family

ID=35266396

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05257070.2A Active EP1662275B1 (en) 2004-11-24 2005-11-16 System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US6965340B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1662275B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5358053B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1779442B (ja)

Families Citing this family (102)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6891381B2 (en) * 1999-12-30 2005-05-10 Secure Logistix Human body: scanning, typing and profiling system
US20040104268A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-06-03 Bailey Kenneth Stephen Plug in credit card reader module for wireless cellular phone verifications
US7415244B2 (en) * 2003-08-12 2008-08-19 Trey Enterprises Corp. Multi-channel millimeter wave imaging system
US20050264303A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-12-01 Bailey Kenneth S Radiation monitoring of body part sizing and use of such sizing for person monitoring
WO2005122061A2 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-12-22 Celunet, Inc. Radiation monitoring of body part sizing and use of such sizing for person monitoring
US7973697B2 (en) * 2004-04-14 2011-07-05 L-3 Communications Security And Detection Systems, Inc. Surveillance systems and methods with subject-related screening
US8345918B2 (en) * 2004-04-14 2013-01-01 L-3 Communications Corporation Active subject privacy imaging
US20080174401A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2008-07-24 L-3 Communications Security And Detection Systems, Inc Surveillance of subject-associated items with identifiers
US8350747B2 (en) 2004-04-14 2013-01-08 L-3 Communications Security And Detection Systems, Inc. Surveillance with subject screening
US7616797B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2009-11-10 Bailey Kenneth S Minutia detection from measurement of a human skull and identifying and profiling individuals from the human skull detection
US6965340B1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2005-11-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging
US7724189B2 (en) * 2004-11-24 2010-05-25 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Broadband binary phased antenna
WO2006081615A1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-08-10 Qrsciences Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for detecting significant shielded volumes
US7187281B2 (en) * 2005-02-26 2007-03-06 Emit Technologies, L.L.C. Microwave transmission/reception element structure with distance-to-subject relative motion, and related methodology
US7327304B2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2008-02-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. System and method for minimizing background noise in a microwave image using a programmable reflector array
US7333055B2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2008-02-19 Agilent Technologies, Inc. System and method for microwave imaging using an interleaved pattern in a programmable reflector array
US7283085B2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2007-10-16 Agilent Technologies, Inc. System and method for efficient, high-resolution microwave imaging using complementary transmit and receive beam patterns
US8289199B2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2012-10-16 Agilent Technologies, Inc. System and method for pattern design in microwave programmable arrays
US7312742B2 (en) * 2005-05-31 2007-12-25 L-3 Communications Security And Detection Systems, Inc. Computerized tomography using radar
US7671784B2 (en) * 2005-05-31 2010-03-02 L-3 Communications Cyterra Corporation Computerized tomography using radar
US7280068B2 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-10-09 Agilent Technologies, Inc. System and method for microwave imaging with suppressed sidelobes using a sparse antenna array
JP2009519436A (ja) * 2005-11-09 2009-05-14 キネティック リミテッド 受動的検出装置
US20070139248A1 (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-21 Izhak Baharav System and method for standoff microwave imaging
US7511514B2 (en) * 2006-07-11 2009-03-31 Ge Security, Inc. Passenger screening system and method
GB0617586D0 (en) * 2006-09-07 2006-10-18 Mbda Uk Ltd Improvements in or relating to scanners
ES2567556T3 (es) * 2006-09-19 2016-04-25 Sicpa Holding Sa Aparato y método para una detección segura de un artículo y un método de seguridad de acceso a información asociada con el artículo
JP4963640B2 (ja) * 2006-10-10 2012-06-27 キヤノン株式会社 物体情報取得装置及び方法
US7843383B2 (en) * 2006-10-25 2010-11-30 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Imaging through silhouetting
WO2008070788A2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Kirsen Technologies Corporation System and method for detecting dangerous objects and substances
US20090017910A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2009-01-15 Broadcom Corporation Position and motion tracking of an object
US8638904B2 (en) 2010-03-14 2014-01-28 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Personnel screening system
US7796733B2 (en) 2007-02-01 2010-09-14 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Personnel security screening system with enhanced privacy
US8995619B2 (en) 2010-03-14 2015-03-31 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Personnel screening system
US8576982B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2013-11-05 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Personnel screening system
CN103064125B (zh) 2007-06-21 2016-01-20 瑞皮斯坎系统股份有限公司 用于提高受指引的人员筛查的系统和方法
CN101201327B (zh) * 2007-07-31 2011-02-02 沈阳地泰检测设备有限公司 线扫描多能量x射线安全检查设备及方法
ES2733498T3 (es) * 2007-09-19 2019-11-29 Teledyne Australia Pty Ltd Sistema y método de obtención de imágenes
IL186884A (en) * 2007-10-24 2014-04-30 Elta Systems Ltd Object simulation system and method
WO2009059131A1 (en) 2007-11-01 2009-05-07 Rapiscan Security Products, Inc. Multiple screen detection systems
US20110102233A1 (en) * 2008-09-15 2011-05-05 Trex Enterprises Corp. Active millimeter-wave imaging system
DE102008057977A1 (de) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-20 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Patientenüberwachung
US8263939B2 (en) * 2009-04-21 2012-09-11 The Boeing Company Compressive millimeter wave imaging
US20120038666A1 (en) 2009-04-23 2012-02-16 Tomtec Imaging Systems Gmbh Method for capturing and displaying image data of an object
DE102009040450A1 (de) 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Erkennung eines verhüllten dielektrischen Objekts
US8897599B2 (en) 2009-06-12 2014-11-25 Smiths Detection Ireland Limited Image system designed to scan for security threats
US8253620B2 (en) * 2009-07-23 2012-08-28 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Synthesized aperture three-dimensional radar imaging
DE102010014795A1 (de) 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG, 81671 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Detektion und Lokalisierung von invasiven Fremdkörpern
EP2524249B1 (en) 2010-01-15 2013-11-13 Smiths Detection Ireland Limited An imaging system
CN102893181A (zh) 2010-03-14 2013-01-23 拉皮斯坎系统股份有限公司 多屏检测系统
US8692708B2 (en) * 2010-03-30 2014-04-08 Sony Corporation Radiometric imaging device and corresponding method
US9151839B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2015-10-06 Smiths Detection Ireland Limited Imaging system
EP2386997A1 (en) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-16 Sony Corporation Radiometric imaging device and corresponding method
US8711028B2 (en) * 2010-08-26 2014-04-29 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Buried object detection in GPR images
DE102011078539A1 (de) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erweiterung der Ausleuchtung eines Prüfobjekts
WO2013005134A2 (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 University Of Manitoba Imaging using probes
WO2013037701A1 (en) 2011-09-12 2013-03-21 Sony Corporation Interferometric scanning system and method
CN102495396A (zh) * 2011-11-15 2012-06-13 北京无线电计量测试研究所 人体安检系统多通道幅度和相位一致性校准方法
WO2013074740A1 (en) * 2011-11-15 2013-05-23 L-3 Communications Security And Detection Systems, Inc. Millimeter-wave subject surveillance with body characterization for object detection
US20140028494A1 (en) * 2012-07-26 2014-01-30 The Aerospace Corporation Virtual Aperture Radar
GB2510969B (en) * 2012-12-19 2017-10-04 Rohde & Schwarz A device for the measurement of microwave signals and a method for the configuration of the same
CN103901490B (zh) * 2012-12-27 2017-02-08 同方威视技术股份有限公司 人体安检设备和人体安检方法
DE102013201469B4 (de) 2013-01-30 2023-01-12 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbestimmung
EP2796902B1 (en) * 2013-04-23 2017-06-14 Spinner GmbH Millimeter Wave Scanning Imaging System
US9000380B2 (en) 2013-05-16 2015-04-07 Elwha Llc Security scanning device
WO2014194455A1 (en) * 2013-06-03 2014-12-11 Empire Technology Development Llc Reduction of electromagnetic (em) radiation from a client device
JP6290036B2 (ja) * 2013-09-25 2018-03-07 株式会社東芝 検査装置及び検査システム
US10295664B2 (en) * 2013-12-06 2019-05-21 Northeastern University On the move millimeter wave interrogation system with a hallway of multiple transmitters and receivers
DE102013225283B4 (de) 2013-12-09 2023-04-27 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen einer Rundumansicht
CN103675921A (zh) * 2013-12-11 2014-03-26 烟台大学 一种采用近场或远场检测液体危险品的检测仪
WO2015101921A1 (en) 2013-12-30 2015-07-09 University Of Manitoba Imaging using gated elements
DE102014210227A1 (de) 2014-01-23 2015-07-23 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg System und Verfahren zur effizienten Abtastung von Gegenständen
KR20160130482A (ko) 2014-03-07 2016-11-11 라피스캔 시스템스, 인코포레이티드 초광대역 검출기
US11280898B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2022-03-22 Rapiscan Systems, Inc. Radar-based baggage and parcel inspection systems
US10197508B2 (en) 2014-07-07 2019-02-05 Univeristy Of Manitoba Imaging using reconfigurable antennas
JP6271384B2 (ja) 2014-09-19 2018-01-31 株式会社東芝 検査装置
CN107251088A (zh) 2014-11-25 2017-10-13 拉皮斯坎系统股份有限公司 智能安全管理系统
US9715010B2 (en) * 2014-11-28 2017-07-25 Htc Corporation Apparatus and method for detection
CN105068069B (zh) * 2015-09-09 2018-12-21 同方威视技术股份有限公司 毫米波三维全息扫描成像设备及成像方法
US10330610B2 (en) * 2015-09-16 2019-06-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methods and apparatus for imaging of near-field objects with microwave or terahertz radiation
US10222467B2 (en) * 2015-11-10 2019-03-05 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Two-way coded aperture three-dimensional radar imaging
ES2611976B1 (es) * 2015-11-11 2018-03-15 Francisco BAZUS CASTAN Método para aumentar la velocidad de inspección, dotación de operación autónoma y de detección de anomalías de comportamiento a los sistemas de imágenes basados en ondas milimétricas y dispositivo para puesta en práctica de dicho método
CN105911608A (zh) * 2016-04-08 2016-08-31 安庆市星博特电子科技有限公司 一种附带安检的入口组件
CN105759269B (zh) * 2016-04-25 2018-06-26 华讯方舟科技有限公司 三维全息成像的安检系统及方法
DE102016124881B4 (de) * 2016-07-19 2019-11-07 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Bildes von einem Objekt mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung
CN106291732B (zh) * 2016-08-18 2018-03-02 华讯方舟科技有限公司 基于毫米波成像的全方位安检系统
US10581162B2 (en) * 2016-08-22 2020-03-03 Keysight Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for determining a spatial radiation characteristic of a transmitted radio-frequency signal
EP3520120A4 (en) 2016-09-30 2020-07-08 American Science & Engineering, Inc. X-RAY RADIATION SOURCE FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCANNING RADIATION
CN106556874B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-10-23 华讯方舟科技有限公司 一种近距离微波成像方法及系统
US10585185B2 (en) 2017-02-03 2020-03-10 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Security scanning system with walk-through-gate
CN109407165B (zh) * 2018-03-09 2023-11-03 同方威视技术股份有限公司 可扩展式毫米波安检系统、扫描单元及对人体进行安全检查的方法
EP3827280A4 (en) * 2018-07-24 2022-04-27 Smiths Detection-Watford Limited REMOTE DETECTION SYSTEM
CN109324349A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-02-12 河北华讯方舟太赫兹技术有限公司 基于毫米波的分区扫描安检仪系统及其扫描方法
CN109828241B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2024-01-26 清华大学 用于主动式微波毫米波安检设备的电磁成像装置
US11415669B2 (en) * 2019-01-11 2022-08-16 Nec Corporation Walk-through gate with signal separation
CA3135960A1 (en) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-08 Battelle Memorial Institute Imaging systems and related methods including radar imaging with moving arrays or moving targets
US11555792B2 (en) 2019-08-08 2023-01-17 Apple Inc. Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging in dynamic environments with performance enhancements using ambient sensors
US11513004B2 (en) 2019-08-08 2022-11-29 Apple Inc. Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging in dynamic environments
EP4043865A4 (en) * 2019-10-09 2022-11-23 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. PHOTOGRAPHY DEVICE
JP2022144747A (ja) * 2021-03-19 2022-10-03 日本電気株式会社 検出システム、制御装置、検出装置及び検出方法
CN113156433B (zh) * 2021-05-07 2023-08-15 南京邮电大学 一种微波成像装置
WO2023152057A1 (en) 2022-02-08 2023-08-17 Pantherion Holding Gmbh System and method for collecting biometric data generated through bodyscanner for health related applications
CN116577768B (zh) * 2023-07-10 2023-09-22 厦门中为科学仪器有限公司 一种基于毫米波雷达的安检场景活体检测装置

Family Cites Families (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435453A (en) * 1967-11-06 1969-03-25 Us Navy Sidelobe cancelling system for array type target detectors
GB2034554B (en) 1978-11-09 1982-12-15 Emi Ltd Holographic imaging using electromagnetic waves
US4502025A (en) * 1982-04-23 1985-02-26 Harris Corporation High speed PIN diode switched antenna coupler and method
US4649393A (en) * 1984-02-17 1987-03-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Phased array antennas with binary phase shifters
US4910523A (en) * 1987-11-06 1990-03-20 Millitech Corporation Micrometer wave imaging device
US4885592A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-12-05 Kofol J Stephen Electronically steerable antenna
WO1990007130A1 (en) 1988-12-19 1990-06-28 Millitech Corporation Millimiter-wave imaging system, particularly for contraband detection
US5027125A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-06-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Semi-active phased array antenna
US4951058A (en) * 1989-09-11 1990-08-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for remote detection of electronic bomb fuze
US5170170A (en) 1991-08-13 1992-12-08 State University Of New York Radiation imaging utilizing data reconstruction to provide transforms which accurately reflect wave propagation characteristics
US5455590A (en) * 1991-08-30 1995-10-03 Battelle Memorial Institute Real-time holographic surveillance system
JP3047662B2 (ja) 1993-02-24 2000-05-29 日本電気株式会社 反射型アレイアンテナ
US5774091A (en) * 1993-04-12 1998-06-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Short range micro-power impulse radar with high resolution swept range gate with damped transmit and receive cavities
US5365237A (en) 1993-05-13 1994-11-15 Thermo Trex Corporation Microwave camera
JPH09197042A (ja) 1996-01-17 1997-07-31 Eikichi Yamashita ミリ波カメラ装置
US5821901A (en) * 1996-05-17 1998-10-13 Raytheon Company Antenna system
GB9611801D0 (en) 1996-06-06 1996-08-07 Univ Bristol Apparatus for and method of detecting a reflector with a medium
US6359582B1 (en) 1996-09-18 2002-03-19 The Macaleese Companies, Inc. Concealed weapons detection system
JPH10148673A (ja) 1996-11-20 1998-06-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ミリ波イメージングレーダ
US6037908A (en) 1996-11-26 2000-03-14 Thermotrex Corporation Microwave antenna
US5940045A (en) * 1996-12-30 1999-08-17 Harris Corporation Optimization of DC power to effective irradiated power conversion efficiency for helical antenna
GB9700966D0 (en) 1997-01-17 1997-03-05 Secr Defence Millimetre wave imaging apparatus
US6057761A (en) * 1997-01-21 2000-05-02 Spatial Dynamics, Ltd. Security system and method
US5764187A (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-06-09 Ail Systems, Inc. Direct digital synthesizer driven phased array antenna
US6043786A (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-03-28 Motorola, Inc. Multi-band slot antenna structure and method
JPH1117434A (ja) 1997-06-27 1999-01-22 Toshiba Corp 空間給電型フェーズドアレイアンテナ装置
US5982326A (en) 1997-07-21 1999-11-09 Chow; Yung Leonard Active micropatch antenna device and array system
FI107407B (fi) 1997-09-16 2001-07-31 Metorex Internat Oy Alimillimetriaalloilla toimiva kuvausjärjestelmä
WO1999021148A1 (en) 1997-10-22 1999-04-29 Ids Intelligent Detection Systems, Inc. An integrated walk-through personnel scanner system for security portals
JPH11258329A (ja) * 1998-03-16 1999-09-24 Toshiba Corp 空中線機構及びこれを用いたレーダ装置
US5940030A (en) * 1998-03-18 1999-08-17 Lucent Technologies, Inc. Steerable phased-array antenna having series feed network
JP3969854B2 (ja) 1998-07-09 2007-09-05 三井造船株式会社 マイクロ波を用いた二次元映像装置用アレイアンテナ
JP2000223926A (ja) 1999-01-29 2000-08-11 Nec Corp フェーズドアレーアンテナ装置
US6856271B1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2005-02-15 Safe Zone Systems, Inc. Signal processing for object detection system
US6342696B1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2002-01-29 The Macaleese Companies, Inc. Object detection method and apparatus employing polarized radiation
US6369766B1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2002-04-09 Ems Technologies, Inc. Omnidirectional antenna utilizing an asymmetrical bicone as a passive feed for a radiating element
WO2002039140A2 (en) * 2000-09-27 2002-05-16 The Johns Hopkins University System and method of radar detection of non linear interfaces
US7365672B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2008-04-29 Battelle Memorial Institute Detection of a concealed object
US6501414B2 (en) 2001-04-02 2002-12-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method for locating a concealed object
US6873289B2 (en) 2001-08-15 2005-03-29 Seoul National University 3-dimensional beam steering system
US6549166B2 (en) * 2001-08-22 2003-04-15 The Boeing Company Four-port patch antenna
US6937182B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2005-08-30 Trex Enterprises Corp. Millimeter wave imaging system
US7194236B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2007-03-20 Trex Enterprises Corp. Millimeter wave imaging system
US6642889B1 (en) 2002-05-03 2003-11-04 Raytheon Company Asymmetric-element reflect array antenna
US6791487B1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-14 Honeywell International Inc. Imaging methods and systems for concealed weapon detection
US6965340B1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2005-11-15 Agilent Technologies, Inc. System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging
JP2011083996A (ja) 2009-10-16 2011-04-28 Canon Inc 吐出検査方法、及び、吐出検査用記録媒体

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1662275A2 (en) 2006-05-31
EP1662275A3 (en) 2008-07-16
US20060109160A1 (en) 2006-05-25
CN1779442B (zh) 2011-02-02
JP5358053B2 (ja) 2013-12-04
JP2006145541A (ja) 2006-06-08
US6965340B1 (en) 2005-11-15
US8681035B2 (en) 2014-03-25
CN1779442A (zh) 2006-05-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1662275B1 (en) System and method for security inspection using microwave imaging
US7298318B2 (en) System and method for microwave imaging using programmable transmission array
US7183963B2 (en) System and method for inspecting transportable items using microwave imaging
US20080079625A1 (en) System and method for stereoscopic anomaly detection using microwave imaging
US7283085B2 (en) System and method for efficient, high-resolution microwave imaging using complementary transmit and receive beam patterns
US7327304B2 (en) System and method for minimizing background noise in a microwave image using a programmable reflector array
US8289199B2 (en) System and method for pattern design in microwave programmable arrays
JP5070357B2 (ja) マイクロ波・ミリ波イメージング
US20070139248A1 (en) System and method for standoff microwave imaging
US7504993B2 (en) Coaxial bi-modal imaging system for combined microwave and optical imaging
US20060214833A1 (en) System and method for microwave imaging using an interleaved pattern in a programmable reflector array
US20100328142A1 (en) Microwave and millimeter wave resonant sensor having perpendicular feed, and imaging system
EP1798571A2 (en) Microwave imaging device and screening method
Ngai Holography-based phased-array antenna imaging systems

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20090112

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20161208

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: G01S 13/89 20060101ALI20170601BHEP

Ipc: H01Q 1/22 20060101ALI20170601BHEP

Ipc: H01Q 21/06 20060101ALI20170601BHEP

Ipc: G01V 8/00 20060101AFI20170601BHEP

Ipc: G01S 13/88 20060101ALI20170601BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170718

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602005053249

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602005053249

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 14

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20180921

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230527

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230929

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20231006

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230929

Year of fee payment: 19