Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
  • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
  • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
  • B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
  • B60R1/02—Rear-view mirror arrangements
  • B60R1/08—Rear-view mirror arrangements involving special optical features, e.g. avoiding blind spots, e.g. convex mirrors; Side-by-side associations of rear-view and other mirrors
  • B60R1/083—Anti-glare mirrors, e.g. "day-night" mirrors
  • B60R1/088—Anti-glare mirrors, e.g. "day-night" mirrors using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
  • G02F1/153—Constructional details
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24777—Edge feature
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]

Definitions

• Laminating in known manner, generally requires heating, generally under pressure, of the three assembled elements, in order to soften and make the thermoplastic sheet adherent and possibly to remove the residual air between the various elements of the glazing.
• laminated glazing in which the interlayer sheet is based on a single- or double-sided adhesive polymer of the elastomer type, which avoids the hot lamination operation mentioned above.
• safety glazing where the chip retention function is obtained by a plastic film, in particular the superposition of a thermoplastic sheet of polyvinyl butyral type and of a protective polymer sheet, of the polyethylene terephthalate PET type, which is adheres to a rigid glass-type substrate.
• This type of plastic film is for example marketed by the company Dupont de Nemours under the name "Spalled Shield” or under other trade names by the “3M” company or “Southwall” company
• This polymer sheet can be possibly transparent to electromagnetic waves.
• the glazings according to the invention are "functionalized", in the sense that they have at least one functionality conferred by one or more thin layers and / or one or more discontinuous elements which may be of organic, mineral nature or organo-mineral hybrid (these layers or elements generally being placed against one of the rigid substrates of the glazings according to the invention). They will hereinafter be referred to as "active system (s)".
• the glazings according to the invention may include one or more.
• the first types of active system of interest to the invention are electrochemical systems in general, and more particularly electrically controllable systems of the glazing type with variable energy and / or optical properties.
• the electrocontrollable systems make it possible, in particular, to obtain glazings which can be modified as desired the obscuration / degree of vision or filtration of thermal / solar radiation.
• These are, for example, viologen glazings, which make it possible to adjust the light transmission or absorption, such as those described in patent US Pat. No. 5,239,406.
• Electroluminescent systems convert electrical energy directly into light, an example being described in patent FR-2,770,222. It is also interested in devices using electrochromic systems. operating in transmission or reflection. Examples of electrochromic systems are described in US Patents 5,239,406 and EP-612,826. The electrochromic systems have been widely studied.
• Electrodes generally comprise, in known manner, two layers of electrochromic materials separated by an electrolyte and surrounded by two electrodes.
• Each of the electrochromic layers under the effect of an electrical supply, can reversibly insert charges, the modification of their degree of oxidation following these insertions / disinsertions leading to a change in their optical and / or thermal properties (for example, for tungsten oxide, a change from a blue coloring to a colorless appearance).
• electrochromic systems into three categories: -the one where the electrolyte is in the form of a polymer or a gel; for example a proton-conducting polymer like those described in patents EP-253,713 or EP-670,346, or a lithium ion-conducting polymer like those described in patents EP-382,623, EP-518,754 and EP- 532,408; the other layers of the system generally being of mineral nature,
• all-polymer a category which is often referred to as the “all-polymer” system.
• optical valves these are polymer-based films in which microdroplets are arranged containing particles capable of being placed in a preferred direction under the action of an electric field. An example is described in patent WO 93/09460.
• liquid crystal systems with a mode of operation similar to the previous ones: they use a polymer film placed between two conductive layers and in which droplets of liquid crystals are dispersed, in particular nematic with positive dielectric anisotropy. When the film is under tension, the liquid crystals are oriented along a privileged axis, which allows vision.
• thermochromic layers in particular at vanadium oxide base (an example is given in French patent FR 2 809 388, thermotropic layers and photochrom ⁇ s layers. It can also be photovoltaic systems which convert light energy into electrical energy.
• layer in its broadest sense: it can be both mineral materials as organic materials, polymers in particular , which can be in the form of polymer films or even gel films. This is particularly the case of thermotropic gels, for example those described in patents EP-639,450, US 5,615,040, WO 94/20294 and EP-878,296.
• Another type of active system in which the invention is concerned relates to the layers or stacks of layers with solar control properties, low-emissivity, in particular based on one or more metallic layers, or on metallic oxides interspersed with dielectric layers.
• stacks can be deposited on one of the rigid substrates or be deposited on a flexible substrate of the PET type (polyethylene terephthalate) which is placed between two sheets of thermoplastic polymer of the PVB type (polyvinyl butyral) coming to assemble the two rigid substrates of the glass type.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• Designing glazing units with the double characteristic described above is not simple, since the association of an active system and of polymer sheets with function of retention of fragments in a glazing unit creates additional constraints.
• an active system for example an electrochromic system
• an electrochromic system is interposed in a conventional laminated glazing between the glass and the polymer interlayer film, there is a tendency to decrease the adhesion of the polymer film to the glass.
• the glass fragments can no longer be retained by the vast majority of the polymer film, as required by the standards.
• the first substrate is called SI
• means must then be provided to protect it from contact with the ambient atmosphere, to protect it from deterioration chemical or mechanical. This then requires the use of an additional protective substrate (tri-glass system).
• the active system is integrated at the face 3 of the substrate assembly before the laminating operation and after the bending and / or quenching operation (of course, when the substrates must undergo a bending operation and / or quenching).
• the integration of an active system at the face 3 of a laminated substrate, the substrates of which have individually undergone a bending operation generates other drawbacks which the present invention proposes to remedy.
• the integration of the active system at the level of the face 3 of the assembly takes place in fact at the level of the face of the second substrate which has been in contact with the members which have caused the bending.
• the present invention therefore aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing an active system glazing with a simplified structure.
• the subject of the invention is therefore a glazing unit comprising successively: a first rigid substrate, a second rigid substrate, at least one active system comprising at least one layer and disposed between the first and second substrates, at least one polymer film having a splinter retention function in the event of breakage of the glazing being disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, which is characterized in that the active system is located on the inner face of the first substrate. Thanks to the positioning of the active system on face 2 of the first substrate, it is possible to develop secure glazings.
• the active system is an electrocontrollable system, with variable optical and / or energy properties of the electrochromic system, optical valve, viologene system, liquid crystal system, electroluminescent system type,
• the first and second substrates are made of glass
• thermoplastic polymer (fl)
• the total thickness (e ⁇ +2 ) of the two substrates and of all the other materials capable of being arranged between them is less than or equal to 8 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5.5 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm
• the total thickness (e ⁇ . + 2 ) of the two substrates and of all the other materials likely to be placed between them is less than or equal to 30 mm, preferably between
• the two substrates are of substantially identical dimensions and shapes
• the two substrates are of different dimensions and substantially identical in shape, it is provided with an opacifying peripheral coating, of the screen-printed type, in particular on the periphery of the internal face of the first substrate and / or on the periphery of the external face or inside the second substrate,
• the first and / or second peripheral joint (s) is (are) attached (s) or obtained (s) by extrusion or obtained (s) by encapsulation, the second peripheral seal, or at least one of them if there are several, is flush with the external face of the first substrate,
• the first and / or the second peripheral joint is crossed by connection elements of the active system and / or contains at least part of the mechanical reinforcement elements.
• a more particular subject of the invention is also the embodiment where the glazing is a laminated glazing, with at least two glasses SI, S2 assembled by laminating, provided with an active system preferably arranged on the face 2 (of the SI substrate): it is then the thermoplastic sheet between the SI and S2 substrates which mainly assumes the safety function (chip retention in the event of breakage).
• the subject of the invention is all the applications of the glazing described above, in particular for the building as roof or facade glazing and for the automotive industry as a car roof (opening or not), the sides, the rear glasses, or a portion of the windshield.
• the subject of the invention is also the motor vehicle thus equipped, preferably with the glazing (s) according to the invention flush with the body.
• FIG. 1 is a front view of the face 2 which is the subject of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a sectional view along AA of FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view along BB of FIG. 1
• FIG. 4 is a front view of the face 2 which is the subject of the invention, for another embodiment, and showing the laser ablation lines
• FIG. 5 is a sectional view along DD of the figure. 4
• FIG. 6 is a sectional view along EE of FIG. 4.
• certain elements can be represented at larger or smaller dimensions than in reality, and this in order to facilitate understanding of the Fig.
• the example illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 relates to a glazing 1 for a car roof.
• SI glasses which are clear glasses (they can also be tinted) silico-soda-lime of 2.1 mm respectively; 2.1 mm thick for example.
• the glasses SI and S2 are of the same size and of generally rectangular shape. Their dimensions are 900 x 500 mm 2 .
• the SI glass is partially covered at the periphery with an enamel 7, deposited by a known screen printing technique.
• the glass SI shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 comprises on the face 2 a stack of thin layers of the all solid electrochromic type.
• the SI glass is laminated to the S2 glass with a 0.8 mm thick polyurethane (PU) thermoplastic foil (it can be replaced by an ethylenevinyl acetate (EN A) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sheet.
• stack of thin all-electrochromic thin layers comprises an active stack 3 placed between two current collectors 2 and 4.
• the collector 2 is intended to be in contact with the face 2.
• a first network of conductive wires 5 visible in FIG. 1) or an equivalent device makes it possible to bring electric current to the collector 4; a second network of conducting wires 6 (also visible in FIG. 1) or an equivalent device makes it possible to bring electric current to the lower collector 2.
• the collectors 2 and 4 and the active stack 3 can either be substantially of identical dimensions and shapes, or either substantially of different dimensions and shapes, and it is therefore understood that the routing of the collectors 2 and 4 will be adapted depending on the configuration. Furthermore, the dimensions of the substrates in particular SI can be essentially greater than those of 2, 4 and 3.
• the collectors 2 and 4 are of metallic type or of TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) type in ITO, SnO 2 : F, ZnO : A1, or be a multi-layer of the TCO / metal / TCO type. Depending on the configuration, they can be omitted and in this case the current leads 5 and 6 are directly in contact with the active stack 3.
• TCO Transparent Conductive Oxide
• a preferred embodiment of the collector 2 consists in depositing on the face 2 a first SiOC layer of 50 nm topped with a second layer of SnO 2 : F of 400 nm (two layers preferably deposited successively by CND on the fioat glass before cutting).
• a second embodiment of the collector 2 consists in depositing on the face 2 a bilayer consisting of a first layer based on SiO 2 doped or not (in particular doped with aluminum or boron) of approximately 20 nm surmounted by a second layer of ITO of approximately 100 to 600 nm (two layers preferably deposited successively, under vacuum, by sputtering assisted by magnetic field and reactive in the presence of oxygen, possibly hot).
• collector 2 consists in depositing on the face 2 a single layer consisting of ITO of approximately 100 to 600 nm (a layer preferably deposited, under vacuum, by cathode sputtering assisted by magnetic field and reactive in the presence of (possibly hot oxygen)
• the collector 4 is an ITO layer of 100 to 500 nm, also deposited by reactive sputtering assisted by magnetic field on the active stack.
• the current leads 5 are metallic wires associated with metallic foils.
• the metal wires are for example made of tungsten (or copper, molybdenum), possibly covered with carbon, partially oxidized, with a diameter between 10 and 100 ⁇ m and preferably between 20 and 50 ⁇ m, straight or wavy, deposited on a sheet of PU by a technique known in the field of heated windshields with wires, for example described in patents EP-785,700, EP-553,025, EP-506,521, EP-496,669.
• One of these known techniques consists in the use of a heated pressure roller which presses the wire on the surface of the polymer sheet, this pressure roller being supplied with wire from a supply coil by means of a wire guide device .
• the metallic foils are in known manner copper strips optionally covered with a tin alloy, of total thickness typically equal to 50 ⁇ m and of width between 3 and 8 mm.
• the current leads according to another embodiment are obtained by a screen printing technique, deposited directly on the enameled areas of face 2. This screen printing, in particular based on silver, can also be deposited on the ITO layer.
• a conductive paste can also play the role of bringing current and in this case, it is in contact with the ITO layer or the enamel layer present on face 2.
• the glazing shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 incorporates (not shown in the figures) a first peripheral seal in contact with the faces 2 and 3, this first seal being adapted to produce a barrier to external chemical attack.
• a second peripheral seal is in contact with the edge of SI, the edge of S2 and face 4, so as to produce: a barrier, a means of mounting with the vehicle, a seal between the interior and the exterior, a aesthetic function, a means of incorporating reinforcing elements.
• FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 which differs from the mode shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, in that the ITO layer 2 covers the entire surface of the face 2 (visible in Figure 4).
• the reference 8 shows a laser ablation of the layer 2 of ITO alone, so as to conform a peripheral zone of ITO which is electrically isolated from the central zone.
• FIGs 4 and 5 there is shown by the reference 9, a laser ablation of the layer 2 of ITO, of the active stack 3, the collector 4, so as to allow an electrical supply without short circuit from each of the collectors.
• Figures 4 and 6 there is shown by the reference 10, a laser ablation of the active stack 3, of the collector 4, so as to provide electrical isolation between the 2 current collectors.
• the glazing 1 incorporates electrical connectors which make it possible to control the active system via an electrical supply. These electrical connectors are of the type used for heated glazing. According to other variants, the “all solid” active stack 3 can be replaced by other families of polymer type electrochromics.
• a first part formed by a layer of electrochromic material or otherwise called active layer made of poly (3, 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) from 10 to 10,000 nm, preferably from 50 to 500 nm; alternatively it may be one of the derivatives of this polymer, is deposited by known techniques of liquid deposition (spraying or "spray coating”, soaking or “dip coating”, rotary spraying or “spin coating” or by casting), or by electrodeposition, on a substrate coated with its lower or upper conductive layer forming the electrode (the anode or the cathode) or more generally the current supply.
• active layer made of poly (3, 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) from 10 to 10,000 nm, preferably from 50 to 500 nm; alternatively it may be one of the derivatives of this polymer, is deposited by known techniques of liquid deposition (spraying or "spray coating”, soaking or “dip coating”, rotary spraying or “spin coating” or by casting), or by electrodeposition, on a
• this polymer is particularly stable, in particular with UN, and functions by insertion-deinsertion of lithium ions (Li +) or alternatively of H + ions.
• This second part is based on polyoxyalkylene, in particular polyoxyethylene.
• it may be an electrolyte of the mineral type, based for example on hydrated oxide of tantalum, zirconium, or silicon.
• the active stack results in electrochromic is obtained from a self-supporting polymer film.
• This self-supporting film is defined as follows: it is a polymer film which incorporates both the two layers of electrochromic material and the electrolyte, and having its own mechanical properties (strength, rigidity, etc.). .) According to a first variant of this self-supporting film, it is obtained from a more complex system called interpenetrating network of molecules of 3, 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene (PEDT) or of its derivatives and of polyoxyalkylene.
• PEDT 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene
• a definition of an interpenetrating network is as follows: it is a matrix of at least two polymers crosslinked one inside the other. It is a polymer alloy which combines the properties of the polymers which constitute it.
• this self-supporting film it is obtained from a simple system called a semi-interpenetrated network or (semi-RIPS), the molecules of 3, 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene are polymerized in a network of polyoxyalkylene (the electrolyte).
• the polyoxyalkylene network results from the radical copolymerization of a mono functional polyoxyethylene (POE) and a bifunctional polyoxyethylene (POE) in variable proportions and lengths.
• any matrix consisting of at least one polymer network and at least one second polymer entangled in the first network and not forming a second network is called a semi-interpenetrated network.
• a semi-interpenetrated network Any matrix consisting of at least one polymer network and at least one second polymer entangled in the first network and not forming a second network.
• the electronic conductivity of at least one of the active layers is sufficient to replace the conductive layers with a network of wires.
• RIPS or semi-RIPS are produced, the composition of which is for example the following.
• the POE / PC ratio is expressed as a percentage of the initial monomer.
• the percentage of PEDT is expressed relative to the percentage of POE monomer.
• the composition of the POE / PC network is consistent with that of the initial monomer mixture.
• the percentage of PEDT in the final network is a function of the polymerization time of the EDT monomer.
• the thickness of the RIPS or semi-RIPS thus obtained is between 50 to 2000 ⁇ m and preferably between 250 to 500 ⁇ m.
• the stack 3 conforms to an active electroluminescent type system:
• OLEDs evaporated molecules
• the organic electroluminescent material of the thin layer is formed from evaporated molecules (OLEDs) such as for example AlQ 3 complex (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum), DPVBi (4,4 '- (diphenyl vinylene biphenyl)), DMQA (dimethyl quinacridone) or DCM (4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl -6- (4-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran).
• OLEDs evaporated molecules
• the organic electroluminescent material of the thin layer is made from polymers (pLEDs) such as for example PPN for poly (p ⁇ r ⁇ -phenylene vinylene), PPP (poly (p ⁇ r ⁇ -phenylene), DO-PPP (poly (2-decyloxy-1,4-phenylene), ME ⁇ -PPN (poly [2- (2'-ethylhexyloxy) -5-methoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)]), C ⁇ - PPN (poly [2,5-bis (hexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene- (1-cyanovinylene)]) or PDAF (poly (dialkylfluorene), the polymer layer is also associated with a layer which promotes the injection of
• an insulating layer produced from a dielectric material for example Si 3 ⁇ , BaTiO 3 or Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 , is associated with each of the faces of the thin electroluminescent layer.
• the inorganic electroluminescent material consists of a thick layer of phosphor such as for example ZnS: Mn or ZnS: Cu, this layer being associated with an insulating layer of dielectric material, for example BaTiO 3 , these layers being generally produced by screen printing.
• the stack of layers comprising in particular the electroluminescent layer is associated with two electrodes (a cathode and an anode in the case of organic systems).
• At least one of the glasses can be tinted in the mass, in particular tinted blue or green, gray, bronze or brown.
• the substrates used in the invention can also be based on polymer
• the substrates can have very varied geometric shapes: they can be squares or rectangles, but also any polygon or profile at least partially curved, defined by rounded or wavy contours (round, oval, " waves ", etc ).
• One of the substrates forming the glazing can be opaque, opacified, or mirror.
• the glazing may constitute a display panel for graphic and / or alphanumeric information, glazing for the building, a rear-view mirror, a window or an airplane windshield, or a roof window, interior or exterior glazing for the building, a display stand, store counter that can be curved, an item of protective glass of the chalkboard type, a computer anti-glare screen, glass furniture.
• At least one of the two glasses can be covered with a coating comprising another functionality (this other functionality may for example be an anti-solar stack, an anti-fouling stack or the like).
• this other functionality may for example be an anti-solar stack, an anti-fouling stack or the like.
• an anti-solar stack it can be a stack of thin layers deposited by sputtering and comprising at least one silver layer. We can thus have combinations of the type
• thermoplastic / active system / thermoplastic / S2.
• thermoplastic can be chosen from PVB, PU, EVA It is also possible to deposit the anti-solar coating not on one of the glasses, but on a sheet of flexible polymer of the PET type (polyethylene terephthalate).
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• anti-solar coatings reference may be made to patents EP 826 641, EP 844 219, EP 847 965, WO99 / 45415, EP 1 010 677. Without departing from the scope of the invention, certain adaptations can however be noted. depending on the applications or uses of the invention:
• the current leads 5 may not include metal wires and in this case be composed only of metal foils or other electrically conductive strips which will be arranged in direct contact with the collector 4.
• one and / or the other of the substrates can then be used to provide all of the proper functionalities , like the solar control or low emissivity functions as described above, provided by multilayers deposited on face 1 or on face 4, or functions of a anti-fouling (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, self-cleaning coating) provided by materials deposited on side 1.
• a particular application in which the lamination technique is used is constituted by active glazing intended for aviation. After having soaked the substrate SI, the active system is deposited on the face 2 of the latter. On the face 3 of the substrate S2, a heating layer based on ITO is deposited.
• This laminated glazing incorporating an active system can be used with other laminated glazing of aviation type (without active system), such as for example that conforming to the provisions of patent FR2766651. It is noted that the laminated glazing incorporating the active system retains its functionality at temperatures of the order of -50 ° C. and resists pressure / vacuum cycles. Another application in which the lamination technique is encountered is constituted by the field of side armored glazing or windshields or rear windows or roofs. A structure according to the teachings of the invention is then integrated within the configuration of armored glazing (see WO 01/000403 and FR 2764841).
• the glazing comprising the active system in the following configuration: substrate (SI) / active system / polymer fl / substrate (S2) can be mounted in double glazing, in particular for use in the building sector.
• the glazing comprising the active system is then associated with a gas layer (dry air, argon, argon / air mixture, according to known techniques) and with a second glass or even a second set of laminated glasses.
• the two sets of glasses are separated by a metal interlayer (typically aluminum-based) comprising dehydrating agents or by an organic interlayer comprising dehydrating agents and associated with sealing and sealing mastics.
• the gas slide is typically between 6 mm and 20 mm thick.
• the glasses are between 4 mm and 25 mm thick.
• the glasses can be tempered to meet the safety standards specific to each application. They may be clear, mass-colored or covered with an opacifying coating on part of their surface, in particular for aesthetic needs.
• the laminating is carried out by a known technique of hot and pressurized assembly using one or more sheets of transparent, colored or opal PNB, of thickness 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm placed between the glasses.
• the second glass or the second set of laminated glasses can provide additional functions such as solar control functions, low-emissivity functions, sound reduction or decoration functions.
• the solar control and low-emissivity functions are conventionally provided by stacks of thin layers generally based on silver which are deposited on the glass face which is in contact with the gas plate of the double glazing.
• the solar control function can also be provided by multilayers of the TCO / Metal / TCO type deposited on a sheet of polymer of the PET type or by a multilayer of polymer sheets, and which will then be included by lamination in the second set of glasses. laminated.
• the sound reduction functions are provided by a PVB which has undergone a specific treatment to improve the acoustic performance of laminated glass (like the laminated products marketed under the name SGG Stadip Silence). It is thus possible to have the following double glazing configurations: -Substrate SI / active system / fl / S2 // gas slide // multilayer with solar control function or with low-emitting functionNerre,
• the invention as described above offers numerous advantages: it allows security glazing with a simplified structure to be obtained.
• the glazing object of the invention essentially comprises two substrates which enclose an active stack. Previously, compliance with safety standards required the use of glazing with three substrates called tri-glass.
• the deposition opposite 2 of the active stack 3 makes it possible to dispense with the deposition of an anti-solar protection layer for the active stack, the TCO layer being sufficiently reflective with respect to the infra-red radiation. red.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
• Window Of Vehicle (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-07-16 FR FR0308648A patent/FR2857617B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-07-15 CN CNA2004800205129A patent/CN1822951A/zh active Pending
  • 2004-07-15 BR BRPI0412585 patent/BRPI0412585A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-07-15 EP EP04767686A patent/EP1651433A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-07-15 WO PCT/FR2004/001862 patent/WO2005007398A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2004-07-15 KR KR1020067000881A patent/KR101154451B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-07-15 JP JP2006519964A patent/JP2007516147A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-07-15 MX MXPA06000604A patent/MXPA06000604A/es unknown
  • 2004-07-15 US US10/564,501 patent/US8102585B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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