EP1646757B1 - Clamping lock device comprising an obliquely guided wedge - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a turnbuckle device for clamping concrete formwork elements, with two claws and a wedge, wherein the claws are displaceable in a clamping direction against each other, wherein the wedge is guided in the turnbuckle device along a wedge guide direction, and wherein the amount of propulsion of the wedge in the turnbuckle device determines the displacement of the claws.

A generic turnbuckle device is for example from the DE 35 45 273 A1 known. The DE 35 45 273 A1 discloses a turnbuckle device according to the preamble of claim 9, the wedge of which has a constant size along the wedge guiding direction, ie the wedge has a constant cross section in the wedge guiding direction.

Furthermore, from the DE 27 16 864 A1 , of the US 2,868,250 A and the CH 685 453 A5 Turnbuckle devices have become known in each of which a one-sided tapered wedge is driven into a turnbuckle to close the claws of the turnbuckle. The device of CH 685 453 A5 corresponds to the preamble of claim 1.

Further, the EP 0 537 403 A1 a turnbuckle device whose wedge is guided in the clamping direction.

Finally, the reveal WO 01/63073 A1 and the EP 0 580 537 A2 Turnbuckle devices, each having a one-sided tapered wedge, wherein the wedge has a survey, by which the wedge is guided in a profile which is formed in one of the claws.

Concrete formwork elements are used to erect boundaries for concrete bodies to be cast, such as building walls. In order to obtain pourable boundaries, usually several concrete formwork elements must be firmly connected. Turnbuckles are used to connect the concrete formwork elements.

The concrete formwork elements consist essentially of a formwork, a frame and bracing to stabilize the frame. The turnbuckles are arranged in the area of crossings of struts and frames. In each case, a claw of a turnbuckle engages around a frame portion of two concrete shell elements to be connected, and by means of a wedge, the two claws - and thus the concrete shell elements - braced against each other, ie the claws are moved towards each other in a clamping direction and into each other.

In the turnbuckle devices of the known state of the art, the direction of translation of the wedge when driving into the turnbuckle device during the tightening (= wedge guiding direction) and the clamping direction are usually at right angles to each other. If two horizontally adjacent concrete formwork elements are connected with such a turnbuckle device, i. When tightened horizontally, gravity will act fully on the wedge in such a way that it is pulled in the direction of a stronger tension.

In order to clamp interfaces of two adjacent concrete formwork elements that experience particularly large forces (such as articulated corners or outside corners), a plurality of turnbuckle devices are used at the same time adjacent. The turnbuckle devices are then typically arranged on a straight line (eg, one below the other), with parallel clamping movements of the claws and parallel, on a single straight line occurring movements of the wedges during clamping.

This poses the problem that the wedges of the individual turnbuckle devices can interfere with each other. The turnbuckle devices must be spaced apart by at least one keying length (that is, the extension of a wedge in the direction of the wedge guidance direction when the wedge is arranged in a turnbuckle device). This limits the number of turnbuckle fixtures that can be used to secure an interface between two adjacent concrete formwork members.

In practice, however, an even greater spacing of the turnbuckle devices is maintained, since the wedges require space for movement when dismantling and dismantling the turnbuckle devices. With a spacing only in the order of the wedge length would have adhered to a precise sequence and Abbaureihenfolge the turnbuckle devices because only a wedge lock device on the edge has enough space to move the wedge. Furthermore, sufficient distances between the wedge ends should be kept to any kind of obstacles, so that a use of tools, especially hammers, for driving and loosening the wedges is possible.

Object of the present invention is in contrast to present a turnbuckle device in which a disability of adjacently arranged turnbuckle devices can be avoided by their wedges even with a small spacing of the turnbuckle devices.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a turnbuckle device with the features of claim 1 and by a turnbuckle device with the features of claim 9. The turnbuckle devices according to the subclaims represent preferred embodiments of the invention.

When bracing two concrete formwork elements involved Spannschlossvorrichtungen span a typically straight border line between the concrete formwork elements. The turnbuckle devices are arranged side by side or one above the other on a straight line which runs parallel to this boundary line, the bracing movements of the clamps of the turnbuckle devices running parallel to one another. Due to the fact that the wedge guidance direction according to the invention does not run perpendicular to the clamping direction, the wedges with their longitudinal directions are no longer all located on a single straight line. The propulsion of the wedges is done differently than in the prior art not for all wedges along that single line, but the propulsion takes place for each wedge on its own line. This opens up movement space for the wedges. The distance between their own straight lines is dependent on the angle α and the spacing of the turnbuckle devices. According to the invention, the distance of each own straight line chosen so that this at least one diameter of a wedge (possibly the maximum diameter of a wedge) holds, so that it can come to no contact with the wedges more.

By the teaching of the invention, a larger number of turnbuckle devices per length of the boundary line of adjacent concrete formwork elements can be used for bracing. As a result, connections of concrete formwork elements can be made safer and in particular the maximum compatible mechanical load of concrete formwork elements can be increased.

In the prior art, it is usually provided to strictly align the spanning propulsion direction of the wedges with gravity in order to secure the wedges against unintentional release, for example as a result of shocks. However, it is quite sufficient to lead a sufficient vectorial portion of the propulsion direction parallel to gravity. Even with a deviation of 45 ° of the wedge driving direction against the gravity vector are still about 70% of the weight of the wedge to hold the bracing available, corresponding to the sine of 45 °.

The turnbuckle device according to the invention is characterized in that the angle α is between 40 ° and 85 °, in particular approximately 70 °. These angular ranges are particularly suitable for wedge dimensions and concrete formwork dimensions that are currently in use. Also, the securing effect of gravity is still sufficient.

Particularly preferred is a development of this embodiment, in which the angle α is approximately 45 °. At this angle, the turnbuckle device can be equally well used both for connecting horizontally adjacent and vertically adjacent concrete formwork elements, ie the turnbuckle can be equally well operated with horizontal or vertical clamping direction.

It is always a position of the turnbuckle device selectable, in which the wedge is forced by more than 70% of its weight in the clamping position.

• mit L: Länge des Keils in Keilführungsrichtung, und B: größte Breite des Keils gemessen quer zur Keilführungsrichtung und in der Ebene von Keilführungsrichtung und Verspannrichtung. Werden solche Spannschlossvorrichtungen in einem Abstand A, gemessen senkrecht zur Verspannrichtung bzw. parallel zur Grenzlinie der Betonschalelemente, angeordnet, wobei der Abstand A größer oder gleich L ist, so ist eine gegenseitige Behinderung der Keile, insbesondere ein Aneinanderstoßen der Keile bei Auf- oder Abbau der Spannschlossvorrichtungen, ausgeschlossen. Eine Wahl des Abstandes A größer als die Keillänge L ist bisher bei allen bekannten Betonschalsystemen mit Spannschlossvorrichtungen eingehalten worden, und die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform kann mit allen Handhabungsvorteilen bei solchen bestehenden Betonschalelementen eingesetzt werden.

Further preferred is an embodiment of the turnbuckle device according to the invention, in which applies to the angle α $$\mathrm{\alpha }\le \mathrm{90}\mathrm{°}-\arctan \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{L}\right).$$

• L: length of the wedge in the wedge direction, and B: largest width of the wedge measured transversely to the wedge-guiding direction and in the plane of wedge-guiding direction and clamping direction. If such turnbuckle devices are arranged at a distance A, measured perpendicular to the clamping direction or parallel to the boundary line of the concrete formwork elements, wherein the distance A is greater than or equal to L, then a mutual obstruction of the wedges, in particular a contraction of the wedges during assembly or disassembly the turnbuckle devices, excluded. A choice of the distance A greater than the wedge length L has been observed in all known concrete scarf systems with turnbuckle devices so far, and the embodiment of the invention can be used with all handling advantages in such existing concrete formwork elements.

Also preferred is an embodiment in which the wedge is guided by one of the claws alone. This simplifies the guidance of the wedge. The angle α can then be set very accurately.

An alternative embodiment of the turnbuckle device according to the invention provides that the wedge has at least one depression and / or elevation, which runs obliquely to the wedge guidance direction, and that at least one of the claws has a profile which engages a recess and / or elevation of the wedge. The profile may be formed, for example, as a row of teeth. Such a profiled turnbuckle devices can be designed in a wide range of ratios (propulsion against Verspannweg) become; In particular, they can also be configured well for angles α less than or equal to 45 °.

Another advantageous embodiment provides that the wedge has a tapered cross-section along the wedge-guiding direction. The wedge thus decreases in width in the direction of advance. Turnbuckle devices that rely on the effect of the variable outer dimension of the wedge are mechanically very simple and therefore inexpensive.

A further development of the embodiment with a profiled turnbuckle device is advantageously designed so that the wedge has a constant size along the wedge-guiding direction, in particular a constant diameter. The wedge thus maintains its width along the advancing direction. This simplifies the guidance of the wedge in the turnbuckle device considerably, and the angle α can be adjusted particularly easily and accurately.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the turnbuckle device can be arranged for mounting on inner corner corners or outer corner corners or right-angled outer corners of concrete formwork elements. At these positions, particularly great forces are to be expected on the concrete formwork elements, so that the tensioning means to be used must be particularly efficient. By the teaching of the invention, a large number of turnbuckle devices can be mounted at a close distance from each other, so that even large forces can be handled.

Also within the scope of the present invention is a concrete formwork system comprising concrete formwork elements and turnbuckle devices according to the invention of the type described above, the concrete formwork elements each having a plurality of mounting positions, in particular struts, for the turnbuckle devices, wherein the mounting positions from each other in a direction perpendicular to the Verspannrichtung at the mounting positions to be mounted turnbuckle devices are spaced at a distance A, characterized in that for the angle α: α ≤ 90 ° - arcsin (B / A), with B: greatest width of the wedge measured transversely to the wedge guide direction and in the plane of the wedge guide direction and clamping direction. In this geometry, the wedges can be moved independently in or against the wedge guide direction independently, without the wedges could collide. The ends of the wedges are also easily accessible to a fitter. The advantages of the invention are particularly effective if the distance A is less than or approximately equal to the length L of a wedge. In this case, the concrete formwork system according to the invention is the only way to make the wedges and the turnbuckle devices usable and usable at this distance. Particularly preferred is a combination of the concrete shuttering system according to the invention with the embodiment of the turnbuckle devices in which α ≦ 90 ° arctan (B / L). In this case overlap the lengths of the wedges not adjacent to each other, so that a particularly simple installation of the turnbuckle devices due to the free access is possible.

In the described embodiments, the clamping direction and the wedge guiding direction are typically parallel to the planes of the formwork skins of the concrete formwork elements when the formwork skins have a common plane. Also belonging to the concept of the invention is a turnbuckle device is considered, in which the wedge guide direction is not parallel to the plane of the Schalhäute, but with the plane forms an angle α '> 0 ° and preferably 0 ° <α' <10 °. This can be combined with angles α = 90 ° or α <90 °. The angle α '> 0 ° can also prevent a collision of wedges of adjacent turnbuckle devices. However, the range of motion for the wedges is limited by the back of the formwork facing the turnbuckle device.

Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the drawings. Likewise, according to the invention, the above-mentioned features and those which are still further developed can each be used individually for themselves or for a plurality of combinations of any kind. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration, but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.

Figur 1a:

eine rechtwinklige Außenecke zweier Betonschalelemente mit Spannschlossvorrichtungen nach dem Stand der Technik;

Figur 1b:

eine rechtwinklige Außenecke zweier Betonschalelemente mit erfindungsgemäßen Spannschlossvorrichtungen;

Figur 2:

eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Spannschlossvorrichtung mit schrägem Keil;

Figur 3a:

eine Anordnung von drei Keilen von vorbekannten Spannschlossvorrichtungen auf einer Gerade, wobei die Keile auf der Geraden verlaufen;

Figur 3b:

eine Anordnung von verschwenkten Keilen von erfindungsgemäßen Spannschlossvorrichtungen auf einer Verbindungsgeraden, wobei die Keile gegen die Verbindungsgerade verschwenkt sind;

Figur 3c:

eine Vergrößerung des mittleren Keils von Figur 3b;

Figur 3d:

eine Anordnung von verschwenkten Keilen von erfindungsgemäßen Spannschlossvorrichtungen auf einer Verbindungsgeraden, wobei die Keile gegen die Verbindungsgerade verschwenkt sind und sich die Längen der Keile nebeneinander überlappen; .

Figur 3e:

eine Vergrößerung von zwei Keilen aus Figur 3d.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. It shows:

FIG. 1a

a rectangular outer corner of two concrete formwork elements with turnbuckle devices according to the prior art;

FIG. 1b

a rectangular outer corner of two concrete formwork elements with turnbuckle devices according to the invention;

FIG. 2:

an embodiment of a turnbuckle device according to the invention with an inclined wedge;

FIG. 3a:

an arrangement of three wedges of previously known turnbuckle devices on a straight line, the wedges running on the straight line;

FIG. 3b:

an arrangement of pivoted wedges of turnbuckle devices according to the invention on a connecting line, wherein the wedges are pivoted against the connecting line;

FIG. 3c:

an enlargement of the middle wedge of FIG. 3b ;

Figure 3d:

an arrangement of pivoted wedges of turnbuckle devices according to the invention on a connecting line, wherein the wedges are pivoted against the connecting line and the lengths of the wedges overlap side by side; ,

FIG. 3e:

an enlargement of two wedges 3d figure ,

The FIG. 1a shows the tension of two concrete formwork elements 1 and 2, which form a rectangular outer corner, with turnbuckle devices 3, 4, 5 according to the prior art.

The first concrete formwork element 1 has a vertical, to the plane of FIG. 1a parallel facing. At a frame portion 6, the first concrete formwork element 1 abuts with an interface on the second concrete formwork element 2. From the interface is in FIG. 1a only a borderline 7 visible. The second concrete formwork element 2 has a vertical, vertically extending into the plane of the formwork facing. It abuts with a frame section 8 to the interface and thus to the boundary line 7 at.

The boundary line 7 is covered by the three turnbuckle devices 3, 4, 5. The turnbuckle devices 3, 4, 5 are arranged on horizontally extending struts of the concrete formwork elements 1, 2. Each turnbuckle device 3, 4, 5 has a left-side first claw 9a, 9b, 9c, which respectively engages in the frame section 6, and a right-side second claw 10a, 10b, 10c, which surrounds the frame section 8. By means of a vertically oriented wedge 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, the claws 9a-9c, 10a-10c in the horizontal direction can be braced relative to each other (Verspannrichtung). If the wedges 11 a, 11 b, 11 c driven down into the associated turnbuckle devices 3, 4, 5, the concrete formwork elements 1, 2 are contracted. In order to solve the wedges 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, they must be moved upwards.

The possibilities of movement of the wedges 11 a, 11 b, 11 c are limited by the fact that all wedges 11 a, 11 b, 11 c are moved on a single straight line. For example, the middle wedge 11b may be displaced up or down by only about one quarter of a wedge without encountering another wedge 11a or 11c. In particular, the wedge 11b can not be completely pulled out to release the claws 9b, 10b from each other. The small distance to the adjacent wedges 11 a, 11 c in the direction of movement of the wedge 11 b, ie in the vertical wedge guide direction here also hinders the application of a tool for bracing (loosening) or loosening of the wedge 11 b. In particular, with a hammer that is to drive or drive out one of the ends of the wedge 11 b, not be discharged. Therefore, during assembly of the construction of FIG. 1a Special tool can be used, the wedges 11 a, 11 b, 11 c can handle despite the unfavorable angle of attack and / or access to the wedge ends. Alternatively, one can do without the middle turnbuckle device, which reduces the load capacity of the bracing of the concrete formwork elements 1, 2.

FIG. 1b shows the same concrete formwork elements 1, 2, which are now connected to three turnbuckle devices 12, 13, 14 according to the invention.

The turnbuckle devices 12, 13, 14 each have a left-side first claw 15a, 15b, 15c and a right-side second claw 16a, 16b, 16c. The claws 15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c can be moved in the figure in the horizontal direction against each other (= clamping direction) to press the concrete formwork elements 1, 2 to each other. The tension of the claws 15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c is in each case adjustable by a wedge 17a, 17b, 17c. The wedges 17a, 17b, 17c have a wedge-guiding direction (i.e., a translation direction in the respective turnbuckle device 12, 13, 14) obliquely downward. When driving a wedge 17a, 17b, 17c obliquely down the associated claws 15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c are contracted in the horizontal direction. Thus, the horizontal clamping direction and the wedge-guiding direction include an angle α of less than 90 °, namely approximately 70 °. In the angle determination of α, the signs of the tensioning direction and the wedge guidance direction are disregarded, and only the smaller of the included angles at an intersection of the two directional lines determined by the directional vectors is regarded as angle α.

All three wedges 17a, 17b, 17c can be moved in accordance with their wedge-guiding direction, without obstructions being caused by the wedges 17a, 17b, 17c of adjacent turnbuckle devices 12, 13, 14. As a movement space is the full distance A between the turnbuckle devices 12, 13, 14 are available; with stronger wedge slope or more compact first claws 15a, 15b, 15c it would be even more. There are also above and below the wedges 17a, 17b, 17c enough space to be able to act with standard tools, such as a hammer, comfortable on a wedge end.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a turnbuckle device 20 according to the invention similar to the turnbuckle devices of FIG. 1b in a vertical cross-section.

The turnbuckle device 20 comprises a left-side first claw 21, a right-side second claw 22, and a wedge 23. The two claws 21, 22 guide each other to allow a relative movement of the claws 21, 22 in the horizontal direction, namely the clamping direction 34 , The wedge 23 is guided in the second claw 22 by means of two openings 24, 25 in a wedge-guiding direction 33. The claws 21, 22 have legs 26, 27, 28, 29, with which they can rest on braces of concrete formwork elements and frame sections of concrete formwork elements can engage or engage in these.

The first claw 22 has a profiled portion 30 which is configured with a series of teeth 31. The teeth 31 are inclined against the clamping direction 34 by an angle ε. The wedge 23 has a plurality of grooves 32, which are also inclined against the clamping direction 34 by an angle ε. The inclination of the teeth 31 is thus the groove profile of the wedge 23 (ie the relative inclination of the grooves 32 to a propulsion direction 33 of the wedge 23) and the inclination of the wedge 23 in the turnbuckle device 20 (ie the angle α) adapted. Furthermore, the spacing of the grooves 32 is adapted to the spacing of the teeth 31.

With a propulsion of the wedge 23 to the bottom right, the edges of the grooves 32 are moved parallel to the right at the level of the teeth 31, whereby the teeth 31 are also moved to the right. Since the teeth 31 belong to the first claw 21, but the wedge 23 is guided in the second claw 22, a relative movement of the claws 21, 22 toward one another thus occurs.

The FIGS. 3a to 3e explain the geometric conditions on turnbuckle devices. The turnbuckle devices are each shown in a highly schematic manner by a projection of the respective wedge is particularly highlighted on a vertical plane, while the claws are shown only as a dashed rectangle. The long sides of the dashed rectangle run parallel to the clamping direction, the short sides run parallel to the direction of the boundary line of concrete formwork elements to be spanned.

FIG. 3a shows the limiting case of a possible arrangement of turnbuckle devices 30a, 30b, 30c with wedges 31 a, 31 b, 31 c according to the prior art in a clamped position. The wedges 31 a, 31 b, 31 c extend all on a straight line, namely the vertical straight line connecting the centers 32a, 32b, 32c of the turnbuckle devices 30a, 30b, 30c. The term midpoint refers primarily to the center of the Pratzenbereichs and the center of the wedges in the illustrated braced position. A problem with the arrangement of the prior art is that the wedges 31a, 31b, 31c mutually block their movement along their wedge-guiding direction, which coincides with the direction of the longitudinal extension of the wedges 31a, 31b, 31c. This is because the ends of the wedges 31a, 31b, 31c contact each other when assembled (or have a negligible distance compared to the length of a wedge). In compliance with the correct order and dismantling sequence and / or when using special tools that does not require access to free ends of the wedges 31 a, 31 b, 31 c for moving the wedges 31 a, 31 b, 31 c, such an arrangement may indeed are used in principle for bracing concrete formwork elements, but this is complicated and can delay the arrangement of concrete formwork elements to each other. The same applies to the dismantling of strained concrete formwork elements.

To solve the problem of mutually standing in the way wedges 31 a, 31 b, 31 c or wedge end, proposes the teaching of the invention, the wedges 31 a, 31 b, 31 c and the associated Keilführungsrichtungen against the Verspannrichtung, here the horizontal to pivot. An exemplary possibility of pivoting from the vertical position of the wedges shows Fig. 3a , The wedges 31 a, 31 b, 31 c are respectively pivoted in accordance with the arrows 34 a little counterclockwise about their centers 32 a, 32 b, 32 c.

FIG. 3b shows the arrangement after pivoting about the minimum, meaningful pivot angle. This pivoting is of course associated with a redesign of the turnbuckle devices, which in FIG. 3b now designated 35a, 35b, 35c. They are still strung on a vertical connecting line defined by centers 36a, 36b, 36c of the turnbuckle devices 35a, 35b, 35c, but the directions of movement of the wedges 37a, 37b, 37c are now parallel to each other. The required space of each wedge 37a, 37b, 37c for wedge-guiding direction movements does not overlap with the required space for movements of another wedge 37a, 37b, 37c, nor the location of another wedge 37a, 37b, 37c. The wedges 37a, 37b, 37c have in the illustrated braced state of the arrangement of Fig. 3b at their left lower and right upper corners punctual contact with each other, and can just slide past each other in movements in Keilführungsrichtung. At best, the positions of the claws 38a, 38b, 38c limit the movements of the wedges 37a, 37b, 37c.

Figure 3c shows a section FIG. 3b to determine a suitable pivoting angle β for obtaining the arrangement of FIG. 3b to illustrate.

The wedge 37b touches in vertex E the adjacent wedge 37c. The right edge of the wedge 37b lies in the extension of the left edge of the wedge 37c, so that the wedge 37b would just slide past the wedge 37c with a displacement to the top left in the wedge guiding direction. The wedges 37a, 37b, 37c all have a width B and a length L.

A central axis 40 of the wedge 37b running in the wedge-guiding direction (as well as the center axes of the remaining wedges 37a, 37c) must be rotated by an angle β against a vertical connecting straight line 41 of the centers of the wedges 37a, 37b, 37c. The central axis 40 passes through the center M of the wedge 37b and the head K, which is in the middle of the upper short side of the wedge 37b is located. The ratio of the line length KE to the line length KM defines the tangent of β. Thus applies $$\mathrm{\beta }=\arctan \left(\mathrm{Route\; KE}/\mathrm{Route\; KM}\right)=\arctan \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{2}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{2}\right)=\arctan \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{L}\right)\mathrm{,}$$

The angle β represents the supplementary angle of the angle α to 90 °, because α runs as an angle between the clamping direction (here the horizontal 42) and the wedge guide direction (here represented by the central axis 40). Thus α = 90 ° arctan (B / L).

The arrangement of FIGS. 3b and 3c assumes that the wedges in the assembled state should not overlap along their length, not even side by side. Although this avoids danger spots, wear and problems with manufacturing tolerances of the turnbuckle device according to the invention, but is not a mandatory requirement for the described invention.

In 3d figure are shown overlapping wedges of adjacent turnbuckle devices. The turnbuckle devices 44a, 44b, 44c according to the invention, have the same width and the same mounting distance of their centers 45a, 45b, 45c and the same inclination of their wedges 46a, 46b, 46c as the arrangement of FIG. 3b , Only the length of the wedges 46a, 46b, 46c is greater than in the arrangement of FIG. 3b , Nevertheless, the wedges 46a, 46b, 46c have room for any movements along their wedge-guiding direction, which in particular is not restricted by the adjacent wedges 46a, 46b, 46c. In this case, the wedges 46a, 46b, 46c in the illustrated limit case slide straight on the adjacent wedges, which represents the largest inventive, meaningful angle α between the clamping direction and the wedge guiding direction.

In fact, the space for movements of the wedges depends on the width of the wedges 46a, 46b, 46c, on the mounting distance of the turnbuckle devices according to the invention with the wedges 46a, 46b, 46c guided obliquely therein and on the angle α.

This relationship is illustrated FIG. 3e , It shows a section 3d figure and serves to illustrate the largest possible reasonable angle α according to the invention or the smallest possible meaningful pivoting angle γ in the case of wedge lengths greater than the mounting distance of the turnbuckle devices.

The turnbuckle devices 44b, 44c are lined up on a connecting straight line 47, which is defined by the centers 45b and 45c of the wedges 46b, 46c in the bracing position or also as centers 45b and 45c of the associated bracing regions. The connecting line 47 intersects an interface between the wedges 46b and 46c at the point of intersection S. The intersection point S is halfway along the line connecting the centers 45b and 45c. The distance between the center points 45b and 45c (and thus the distance between the turnbuckle devices 44b, 44c in the direction perpendicular to the clamping direction and in the direction parallel to the boundary line of the concrete formwork elements to be connected) is A. The width of the wedges 46b, 46c measured perpendicular to the wedge guidance direction is B. Wedge 46b has a central axis 48 which extends along the wedge-guide direction at half the width of wedge 46b. An auxiliary line 49 runs perpendicular to the central axis 48 and intersects the intersection S. The intersection of the auxiliary line 49 with the central axis 48 is referred to as the inner point I of the wedge 46b.

Der Winkel γ ist der Ergänzungswinkel des Winkels α zu 90°, so dass gilt $$\mathrm{\alpha }=\mathrm{90}\mathrm{°}-\arcsin \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{A}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

To determine the pivoting angle γ between the central axis 48 and the connecting straight line 47, the triangle MIS is considered. M equals 45b. The ratio of the lengths of the distances IS to SM defines the sine of γ.
Thus applies $$\mathrm{\gamma }=\arcsin \left(\mathrm{Route\; IS}/\mathrm{Route\; SM}\right)=\arcsin \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{2}/\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{2}\right)=\arcsin \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{A}\right)\mathrm{,}$$

The angle γ is the supplementary angle of the angle α to 90 °, so that applies $$\mathrm{\alpha }=\mathrm{90}\mathrm{°}-\arcsin \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{A}\right)\mathrm{,}$$

Note that in the frequently given case of small widths B compared to the distance A, the following is an approximation:
Track length IM = track length SM. Considering this boundary condition, the sine can be approximated by the tangency.

In the case of conical wedges, the advantages of the invention can be achieved in any case, if the width of the wedge in the sense of the above considerations, the largest occurring width is used on the wedge. In certain cases, however, an average width can also be used.

For clamping of concrete formwork elements arranged in a straight line arranged Spannschlossvorrichtungen, wherein these turnbuckle devices have wedges for adjusting the tension by means of the wedge drive. The wedges according to the invention are inclined relative to this straight line in order to avoid collisions of wedges of adjacent turnbuckle devices when driving or driving out the wedges. An obstruction of access to the wedge ends is prevented by adjacent wedges.

Claims (13)

1. A turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) for clamping concrete shell elements (1, 2), having two claws (15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c; 21, 22) and a wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c), the claws (15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c; 21, 22) being displaceable with respect to one another in a clamping direction (34), the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) being guided in the turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) along a wedge guiding direction (33), and the dimension of the propulsion of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) in the turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) determining the displacement of the claws (15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c; 21, 22),
   characterized in that the wedge guiding direction (33) and the clamping direction (34) enclose an angle α of between 40° and 85°, in particular approximately 70°, wherein obstruction of neighboring turnbuckle devices (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) by the wedges (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) thereof is prevented even when the distance between the turnbuckle devices (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) is small.
2. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle α is approximately 45°.
3. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the following relationship applies for the angle α: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\le \mathrm{90}\mathrm{°}-\arctan \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{L}\right),$$

   

   with L: length of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) in the wedge guiding direction (33), and B: greatest width of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) measured transversely to the wedge guiding direction (33) and in the plane of the wedge guiding direction (33) and clamping direction (34).
4. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) is solely guided by one of the claws (22).
5. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) has at least one depression and/or protrusion, which runs diagonally to the wedge guiding direction (33), and at least one of the claws (15a, 15b, 15c; 21) has a profile which engages in the depression and/or protrusion of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c).
6. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) has a cross-section tapering along the wedge guiding direction (33).
7. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to claim 5, characterized in that the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) has a constant size along the wedge guiding direction (33).
8. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) may be positioned for mounting on internal joint corners or external joint corners or perpendicular outer corners of concrete shell elements (1, 2).
9. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) for clamping concrete shell elements (1, 2), having two claws (15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c; 21, 22) and a wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c), the claws (15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c; 21, 22) being displaceable with respect to one another in a clamping direction (34), the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) being guided in the turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) along a wedge guiding direction (33), and the dimension of the propulsion of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) in the turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) determining the displacement of the claws (15a, 15b, 15c, 16a, 16b, 16c; 21, 22), the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) having at least one depression and/or protrusion, which runs diagonally to the wedge guiding direction (33), and at least one of the claws (15a, 15b, 15c; 21) has a profile which engages in the depression and/or protrusion of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c), the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) having a constant size along the wedge guiding direction (33), characterized in that the wedge guiding direction (33) and the clamping direction (34) enclose an angle α of less than 90°.
10. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to claim 9, characterized in that the following relationship applies for the angle α: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\le \mathrm{90}\mathrm{°}-\arctan \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{L}\right),$$

    

    with L: length of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) in the wedge guiding direction (33), and B: greatest width of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) measured transversely to the wedge guiding direction (33) and in the plane of the wedge guiding direction (33) and clamping direction (34).
11. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) is solely guided by one of the claws (22).
12. The turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to any one of the claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the turnbuckle device (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) may be positioned for mounting on internal joint corners or external joint corners or perpendicular outer corners of concrete shell elements (1, 2).
13. A concrete shell system, comprising concrete shell elements (1, 2) and turnbuckle devices (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    the concrete shell elements (1, 2) each having multiple mounting positions, particularly struts, for the turnbuckle devices (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c),
    the mounting positions being spaced apart at an interval A from one another in a direction perpendicular to the clamping direction (34) of the turnbuckle devices (12, 13, 14; 20; 35a, 35b, 35c; 44a, 44b, 44c) to be mounted on the mounting positions,
    characterized in that the following applies for the angle α: $$\mathrm{\alpha }\le \mathrm{90}\mathrm{°}-\arcsin \left(\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{Aʹ}\right),$$

    

    with B: greatest width of the wedge (17a, 17b, 17c; 23; 37a, 37b, 37c; 46a, 46b, 46c) measured transversely to the wedge guiding direction (33) and in the plane of wedge guiding direction (33) and clamping direction (34).

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