EP1635952A1 - Filtre electrostatique a protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Filtre electrostatique a protection contre les surtensions

Info

Publication number
EP1635952A1
EP1635952A1 EP04740269A EP04740269A EP1635952A1 EP 1635952 A1 EP1635952 A1 EP 1635952A1 EP 04740269 A EP04740269 A EP 04740269A EP 04740269 A EP04740269 A EP 04740269A EP 1635952 A1 EP1635952 A1 EP 1635952A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter arrangement
diode
voltage
electronic
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04740269A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Grass
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1635952A1 publication Critical patent/EP1635952A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/10—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
    • H03K17/107—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage in composite switches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor

Definitions

  • Electrostatic filters are used to separate particles from a gas stream on a surface.
  • the gas stream to be filtered is passed through between filter plates, between which there is a strong electric field.
  • a corona discharge is generated on the plates in order to transport charge carriers onto the particles to be separated.
  • the charged particles move towards the plate with the opposite polarity.
  • a high voltage source is connected in parallel to the plates of the filter.
  • the additional voltage pulses are generated with the help of a series resonant circuit that is parallel to the filter.
  • the filter forms a capacitor with approx. 100 nF.
  • the series resonant circuit contains a charging capacitor with approx. 1 ⁇ F, which in turn is assigned a high-voltage charging circuit.
  • the capacitor is charged, it is applied to the filter via the inductance of the series resonant circuit with the aid of a controlled electronic switch.
  • There is a changeover process which charges the filter to a much higher voltage than the rest voltage. This creates the corona discharge mentioned above.
  • the electrical energy returns via freewheeling diodes, which ends when the voltage across the filter is equal to the open circuit voltage.
  • the charging capacitor instructs then a voltage that is slightly lower than the voltage before the start of the reversal process.
  • the electronic switches used to create the circuit for the reversal process have to withstand a very high voltage. If IGBTs are used for this purpose, a large number of IGBTs must be connected in series because each individual does not have a sufficient reverse voltage.
  • the second difficulty is overloading the cascade of electronic switches if one of the switches does not return to the locked state.
  • the total voltage must then be taken up by a smaller number of electronic switches.
  • a voltage source which supplies the basic bias for the plates of the filter.
  • the voltage peaks for charging the particles in the aerosol are generated with the aid of a second voltage source, which works in the manner of a switching power supply.
  • a charging capacitor is first charged from the voltage source, which is connected in parallel to the filter via the chain of electronic switches and an inductance. In this way, a voltage surge is achieved, which leads to a corona discharge. In accordance with the time constant of the parallel resonant circuit formed in this way, the charges then run back into the charging capacitor via free-wheeling diodes which are parallel to the electronic switches.
  • each electronic switch is provided with associated means which, depending on the voltage applied to the main path of the electronic switch, control the respective electronic switch. Under these circumstances, signal transmission errors or the like cannot lead to an electronic component remaining in the blocking state for too long and breaking down due to the blocking voltage being exceeded.
  • these means are formed by components which have Z-diode characteristics.
  • Such components can be zener diodes or avalanche diodes. If higher powers are required, it is possible to form the means for opening the electronic switch by means of a transistor, to which a component with a Z-diode characteristic is connected in parallel between the control electrode and the one main electrode.
  • the second aspect of the invention it is a matter of avoiding voltage overloading of the chain of electronic switches if one of the switches has failed and it remains in the conductive state at all times. This would mean that the total voltage would have to be divided among fewer electronic components. There is a risk that further failures will cause the blocking voltage on individual electronic switches to rise to such an extent that they will also be shot through, with the result of a short circuit in the voltage supply.
  • a very simple circuit arrangement for detecting the switching state consists in monitoring the voltage drop at the respective electronic switch.
  • a diode can be used for this purpose, which is connected in series with an electrical power supply.
  • the current flow through the diode begins as soon as the electronic switch is in the conductive state and stops when the reverse voltage on the transistor has exceeded a predetermined level.
  • the switching threshold is determined by the open circuit voltage of the power supply source.
  • a sensor device is provided to determine the current. This sensor device can detect the terminal voltage at the electrical energy source or the voltage drop at a sensor resistor.
  • the signal is evaluated and reported to the higher-level control circuit via an optical fiber.
  • the signal that is given there is a binary signal.
  • At least one charging diode can be connected in parallel with the series connection of charging capacity and the chain of controllable electronic switches. It ensures that the circuit is closed when charging the charging capacitor.
  • the oscillation of the electrical energy from the filter is preferably done via individual freewheeling diodes, which are each connected in parallel to the electronic switches.
  • the electronic switch can be formed by an IGBT or a GTO.
  • Each electronic switch is expediently assigned a driver circuit which contains its own galvanically isolated power supply.
  • the power supply device can be formed by a switching power supply.
  • FIG 1 shows the basic circuit diagram of the electrostatic filter arrangement.
  • Figure 2 shows the driver circuit for an electronic
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment for the protective device of the respective electronic switch.
  • the filter arrangement 1 shows an electrostatic filter arrangement 1 in a highly schematic block diagram.
  • the filter arrangement 1 includes a main voltage source 2, an auxiliary voltage source 3, a filter 4, which is shown in the circuit diagram as a capacitor, and a control and monitoring circuit 5th
  • a choke 6 is connected in series with the auxiliary voltage source 3.
  • a chain of electronic switches 7 in the form of IGBTs is connected in parallel with the series connection from the auxiliary voltage source 3 and the choke 6.
  • the number of IGBTs 7 results from the required reverse voltage divided by the maximum permissible reverse voltage for each individual IGBT 7.
  • a free-wheeling diode 8 is connected in parallel to each IGBT 7.
  • a charging capacitor 9 connects the collector of the top one
  • IGBT 7 with the anode of a charging diode 10, the cathode of which is connected to the positive connection of the auxiliary voltage source 3, to which the emitter of the lowest IGBT 7 from the chain of IGBTs is also connected.
  • a choke 11 leads from the anode of the diode 10 to a capacitor 12, which is used for electrical isolation between the main voltage source 2 and the auxiliary voltage source 3.
  • the other end of the separation condenser tors 12 is connected to one terminal of the filter 4, the other terminal of which is connected to the cathode of the charging diode 10.
  • a resistor 13, which is parallel to the filter 4, is intended to symbolize the leakage currents in the filter 4.
  • the central control and monitoring circuit 5 is provided, which is coupled via optical waveguides 15 to driver circuits 16 which control the insulated gate of the IGBTs 7 on the output side.
  • a basic DC voltage of approximately 30 kV is applied to the filter 4.
  • the charging capacitor 9 is charged to the voltage of the auxiliary voltage source 3 via the charging diode 10, that is to say a voltage of approximately 30 kV is applied to it.
  • the two voltage sources 2 and 3 are connected in series, so that a voltage of approx. 30 kV is present across the isolating capacitor.
  • the chain of IGBTs 7 is briefly controlled by the central control and monitoring circuit 5.
  • the IGBTs 7 get into the conductive state at the same time as possible and because of the high voltage potential, they are controlled via the optical waveguides 15.
  • the incoming optical signal is shown in the driver circuits 16 the electrical signal required to drive the IGBTs 7 implemented.
  • the IGBTs 7 In order to avoid voltage overloading of individual IGBTs 7, the IGBTs 7 must simultaneously switch from the blocking state to the conductive state. This prevents an inadmissibly large reverse voltage from being applied to a slowly switching IGBT 7, which would overload the IGBT 7 in terms of voltage. A voltage overload leads to the IGBT 7 being alloyed.
  • the charging capacitor 9 When all IGBTs 7 are switched through, the charging capacitor 9 is connected in parallel with the filter 4 via the storage inductor 11.
  • the end-of-charge voltage at the filter 4 results from the capacitance ratio of the charging capacitor 9 of 1 ⁇ F to the capacitance of the filter of approximately 100 nF.
  • the isolating capacitor 12 is chosen so large that it does not influence the oscillation process.
  • the choke 6 is provided so that the auxiliary voltage source 3 is not short-circuited in the case of controlled IGBTs 7. It should only ensure that the current draw from the auxiliary voltage source 3 is almost constant.
  • a certain switching delay is provided for the IGBTs 7 in order to ensure that no switching peaks occur.
  • the IGBTs 7 differ in their signals coming from the central control and monitoring circuit 7
  • a Zener diode 17 is provided for each IGBT 7, which, as shown, between the collector and the gate of the respective IGBT 7. Its cathode is connected to the collector. Should the voltage between the collector and the gate of an IGBT 7 in question exceed the knee voltage of the Zener diode 17, a current begins to flow into the gate of the IGBT 7 in question and charges the gate capacitance there. The IGBT 7 becomes the leader. As the transistor becomes conductive, the voltage between the collector and emitter decreases, preventing voltage breakdown.
  • individual IGBTs 7 can fail. To the extent that such transistors alloy, they do not participate in the blocking behavior of the entire chain, while the other functional transistors are in the blocking state pass.
  • the alloying of a transistor means that the other properly operating transistors have to cope with a larger reverse voltage.
  • each driver circuit 16 is provided in each driver circuit 16, as can be seen from the block diagram in FIG. 2.
  • Each driver circuit 16 contains its own switching power supply
  • the switching power supply 18 which receives the electrical energy from a looped through power supply conductor 19.
  • the switching power supply 18 with outputs 21 and 22 generates a DC voltage of approximately 10 V from the secondary side thereof.
  • the negative voltage output 21 is connected to the emitter of the IGBT 7.
  • the positive connection 22 is connected via a resistor 23 to the anode of a diode 24, the cathode of which is connected to the collector of the IGBT 7.
  • the switching power supply 18 serves to supply power to a converter circuit 25, which converts the optical signal arriving via the optical waveguide 15 into an electrical signal, which is output at an output 26 to which the gate of the IGBT 7 is connected.
  • the circuit mass corresponds to the emitter of the IGBT 7 of the respective stage.
  • a Schmitt trigger 27 with two inputs 28 and 29 is connected on the one hand to the anode of the diode 24 and on the other hand to the circuit ground. Its output 31 is connected to an input 32 of a converter circuit 33, which converts the electrical signal present at the input 32 into an optical signal that reaches the central control and monitoring circuit via an optical waveguide 34.
  • the inputs 28 and 29 could also be parallel to the resistor 23 in order to measure the voltage drop directly.
  • the power supply to the converter circuit 33 and the Schmitt trigger 27 likewise takes place from the switched-mode power supply 18 via the outputs 21 and 22.
  • the connecting lines for this purpose are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2 works as follows:
  • the Schmitt trigger 27 is selected with the switching threshold accordingly, for example the switching threshold is around 7 V, so that the Schmitt trigger 27 generates a binary signal at its output which indicates that the switching threshold of 7 has been exceeded V corresponds. This binary signal is converted into an optical signal by the converter 33 and transmitted to the central control and monitoring circuit 5. This can check whether the locked state occurs at the correct time.
  • the central control and monitoring circuit 5 thus receives information about whether the IGBT 7 is in the blocked or in the conductive state.
  • the signal on the optical waveguide 34 is an indication that the relevant IGBT 7 is chaining through the IGBTs is.
  • either the filter can be switched off completely or a maintenance service can be alerted to replace the faulty IGBT 7 or the group of IGBTs 7, to which the faulty IGBT 7 belongs.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative if the Z diode 17 is dimensioned weaker and is possibly overloaded by the charging current for the gate of the IGBT 7. In this case, another IGBT 35 with its collector-emitter path lies between the collector and the gate of the IGBT 7.
  • the gate is connected to the collector of both the IGBT 7 and the IGBT 35 via the aforementioned Z diode 17.
  • a discharge resistor 36 is connected between the gate and the emitter of the IGBT 35.
  • Zener diode 17 acts like a Zener diode with greater power loss.
  • An electrostatic filter arrangement has a type of switching power supply in order to generate the high voltage leading to the corona discharge.
  • a cascade of electronic switches is used in this switching power supply.
  • Each electronic switch has a circuit arrangement which ensures that the switch becomes conductive when the voltage on its main line exceeds a predetermined value.
  • a circuit arrangement which serves to report to a central control and monitoring circuit whether the monitored switching element is in the blocked or conductive state.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble filtrant électrostatique présentant un type d'alimentation à découpage pour produire la haute tension induisant la décharge par effet de couronne. Dans cette alimentation à découpage, une cascade de contacteurs électroniques est utilisée. Chaque contacteur électronique comporte un ensemble circuit veillant à ce que le contacteur parviennent à l'état conducteur, lorsque la tension appliquée au niveau de sa ligne principale excède une valeur prédéfinie. Ladite invention concerne également un ensemble circuit servant à signaler à un circuit de commande et de surveillance central si l'élément de contact surveillé se trouve à l'état bloqué ou conducteur.
EP04740269A 2003-06-25 2004-06-24 Filtre electrostatique a protection contre les surtensions Withdrawn EP1635952A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10328585A DE10328585B3 (de) 2003-06-25 2003-06-25 Elektrostatisches Filter mit Überspannungsschutz
PCT/EP2004/006856 WO2004112966A1 (fr) 2003-06-25 2004-06-24 Filtre electrostatique a protection contre les surtensions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1635952A1 true EP1635952A1 (fr) 2006-03-22

Family

ID=33520960

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04740269A Withdrawn EP1635952A1 (fr) 2003-06-25 2004-06-24 Filtre electrostatique a protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1635952A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10328585B3 (fr)
RS (1) RS20060050A (fr)
UA (1) UA78457C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004112966A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110339944A (zh) * 2019-07-17 2019-10-18 武汉东城新能源有限公司 一种小型化1.2a电除尘高频高压电源

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1116274B (de) * 1958-10-27 1961-11-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Elektronische Schaltanordnung mit Transistoren
US3261983A (en) * 1960-02-26 1966-07-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transistor switch employing diodes for voltage protection
FR1494802A (fr) * 1966-06-03 1967-09-15 Alsthom Cgee Dispositif de protection rapide de transistors montés en série dans un circuit
AT303211B (de) * 1970-04-10 1972-11-10 Schrack Elektrizitaets Ag E Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Überschlägen
DE19614195C1 (de) * 1996-04-10 1997-06-12 Abb Research Ltd Gepulste Spannungsversorgung für elektrostatische Staubabscheider
US6667875B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2003-12-23 Werner Hartmann Pulse generator for generating a voltage pulse and corresponding method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004112966A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RS20060050A (en) 2008-06-05
DE10328585B3 (de) 2005-04-14
UA78457C2 (en) 2007-03-15
WO2004112966A1 (fr) 2004-12-29

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