EP0970555A1 - Fusible electronique - Google Patents

Fusible electronique

Info

Publication number
EP0970555A1
EP0970555A1 EP98925422A EP98925422A EP0970555A1 EP 0970555 A1 EP0970555 A1 EP 0970555A1 EP 98925422 A EP98925422 A EP 98925422A EP 98925422 A EP98925422 A EP 98925422A EP 0970555 A1 EP0970555 A1 EP 0970555A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching element
voltage
input
circuit
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98925422A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bostjan Bitenc
Bogdan Brakus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0970555A1 publication Critical patent/EP0970555A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
    • H02H3/247—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage having timing means

Definitions

  • Fuses have the task of preventing further energy supply to a faulty circuit part.
  • circuit arrangements such as DC-DC converters, in which an input voltage is converted into further regulated voltages, particular care must be taken to ensure that defective circuit parts are separated from the input voltage in order to avoid subsequent errors such as. B. to avoid overheating or fire.
  • attention must be paid to any short circuits that may occur in the input circuit of these inverters. Since very large currents flow in the event of short circuits (up to several hundred amperes), a system voltage for the period of time until a fuse responds can be greatly influenced. This can also lead to voltage dips on the outputs of the other inverters that are supplied by the same system voltage.
  • each converter is equipped with its own capacitors, decoupled from the system voltage, for example with a diode.
  • a supply to a consumer can be maintained for some time due to the energy stored in the capacitors.
  • the capacitance of the capacitors must be large enough to bridge occurring voltage drops in the supply voltage. The duration of the short-circuit-related break-ins depends directly on the type of fuse used. The longer the tripping time, the greater the capacity that must be provided in parallel to the inputs of the consumers.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a further circuit arrangement of an electronic fuse.
  • the invention has the advantage that it is insensitive to interference and there are no false shutdowns in the event of brief voltage fluctuations in the supply voltage.
  • the invention has the advantage that larger capacitors can be dispensed with.
  • the invention has the further advantage that the fuse is formed with a few components and is very inexpensive.
  • the invention has the further advantage that the switching transistor is not overloaded.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of an electronic fuse
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit design and FIG. 3 voltage or current characteristics.
  • a switching element Ml z. B a MOSFET switching transistor, the voltage between drain and source can be tapped with current limitation. Since the current through the switching transistor Ml is constant during this time, the drain-source voltage is a direct representation of the instantaneous power loss at the switching transistor Ml. By integrating the transistor voltage above a selectable threshold value, a signal is obtained that corresponds to the energy loss. From the well-known Safe Operation Area SOAR diagrams (eg Siemens data book SIPMOS power transistors, 93/94, page 641) is for everyone.
  • Safe Operation Area SOAR diagrams eg Siemens data book SIPMOS power transistors, 93/94, page 641
  • the basic circuit diagram of the electronic fuse is shown in FIG.
  • the main units shown in the basic circuit diagram are a unit for generating auxiliary voltage HV, a current regulator SR (first evaluation unit), an integrator INT (second evaluation unit), a comparator K (second evaluation unit) and an error flip-flop FF.
  • a device for the auxiliary voltage supply HV supplies all the components required for implementing the visual arrangement with a regulated voltage V hil .
  • the first evaluation unit SR tries to set a preset target current by measuring the actual current (measurable via the voltage at the resistor shunt).
  • This current regulator SR controls the switching transistor Ml in normal operation, in which the current is significantly lower than the preset target current.
  • B a MOSFET, fully conductive. In cases where the current through the resistor SHUNT tries to exceed the setpoint, this is limited to the setpoint.
  • the switching transistor Ml is controlled by a pull-up resistor R5 (Fig.2) and controlled by the current regulator SR less conductive if necessary. In the event of a short circuit, the switching transistor Ml is controlled so that the input current of the converter is limited to the target current.
  • An error flip-flop FF which defines in one when starting up the converter (applying the system voltage) HIGH state (high potential at the output) is brought, is connected via decoupling diodes D2, D3 to the pull-up resistor R5 of the MOSFET Ml.
  • the error flip-flop FF is triggered and the voltage V gate remains zero.
  • the current flow through the MOSFET Ml is interrupted.
  • the error flip-flop FF can be reset by briefly removing the system voltage. If there is already a short circuit during commissioning, the error FLipFlop FF is triggered after a short time and the MOSFET Ml is switched off.
  • the device In the event of a short circuit, the device is switched off as soon as the set potential value at comparator K is reached.
  • the auxiliary voltage module HV supplies the circuit components provided in the circuit arrangement, e.g. OP1, ..., OP4 with an operating voltage.
  • This operating voltage is specified, for example, by a Z diode ZI.
  • the control input of the switching transistor Ml which in this circuit is designed as a MOSFET, is driven by the plus potential of the supply voltage source (UBAT) via the resistors R1 and R5 (pull-up resistor).
  • the switching transistor Ml is turned on.
  • the resistors R2 and R3 form a reference voltage divider for the operational amplifier OP1.
  • the amplifier has the potential voltage which drops across the resistor SHUNT and the resistor R4. If an increased current flows through the resistor SHUNT in the event of a fault, the voltage V Gate at the control input of the switching transistor M1 is reduced by the operational amplifier 0P1 and via the diode D1. The current through the switching transistor Ml is reduced.
  • the capacitor C3, which connects the control input to the source of the switching transistor Ml, is intended to prevent through-switching of Ml during a plug-in operation due to the miller capacitance in the switching transistor Ml.
  • the capacitor C2 is a control element for the current regulator SR.
  • the error flip-flop FF assumes a high state at the FF-OK output after the switch-on phase.
  • the error flip-flop FF is only reset if there is low potential at the output of the operational amplifier 0P3 (short circuit has been detected). At the same time, a low potential is applied to the control input of the switching transistor M1 via the diode D3.
  • the operational amplifier 0P2 keeps itself low via the resistor R9.
  • the circuit unit INT integrates the voltage drop across the switching transistor M1 (the voltage drop across the resistor SHUNT is negligibly small).
  • a voltage drop at the switching transistor Ml only occurs if it is controlled via the operational amplifier 0P1 in the event of a current limitation. So that the circuit module INT only starts at a predeterminable voltage value for integration, this is set at the minus input of the operational amplifier OP4 via the resistor R13, R12.
  • the integrator (a non-inverting integrator) only integrates when the current control of the first evaluation unit responds. This point in time is when the voltage drop across the resistor R15 (voltage divider R16, R15) is greater than the reference voltage at R13.
  • the maximum permissible energy which may be implemented at the switching transistor Ml in the event of a current limitation can be limited by the comparator K.
  • a voltage divider is arranged at the plus input of the comparator K. value set. The actual voltage of the integrator INT is applied to the minus input of the comparator K. As soon as the voltage value at the output of the integrator INT exceeds the voltage value at the plus input, there is a low potential at the output of the comparator. This low potential triggers the error flip-flop FF and applies the low potential via the diode D4, D2 to the control input of the switching transistor Ml.
  • the filter arranged in the main supply of the DC-DC converter consisting of a coupled choke L1, L2 and a upstream and downstream capacitor CSP1, CSP2, essentially has the task of collecting pulse currents.
  • the decoupling diode ED arranged between the switching transistor M1 and the inductance L2 is intended to prevent the capacitors CSP1, CSP2 from being discharged in the event of a voltage drop in the system voltage (UBAT). Charging the capacitors CSP1, CSP2 does not lead to a shutdown.
  • the choke between C SP1 and C S p 2 which forms an oscillating circuit with these, does not impair the function of the electronic fuse.
  • Voltage waveforms or current waveforms of the circuit arrangement shown in FIGS. 1, 2 are reproduced in signal waveforms 3a to 31.
  • the function of the electronic fuse is to be illustrated using the curves shown.
  • the diagrams 3a, 3d, 3g, 3j show the system voltage (UBAT) and the voltage Vdrain at the drain connection of the switching transistor Ml.
  • the diagrams 3b, 3e, 3h, 3k show the current through the resistor SHUNT and through the resistor RMESS.
  • the diagrams 3c, 3f, 3i, 31 show the voltage profiles at the output of the integrator Vint, lgnd, the comparison voltage at the comparator Vkomp, lgnd and the output voltage at the error flip-flop.
  • the charging process of the capacitors CSP1, CSP2 when the system voltage is switched on is shown in the signal curves 3a, 3b and 3c.
  • the converter is active and needs a constant output power. If the system voltage drops, the consumer (converter) can continue to be operated.
  • the voltage at the capacitors C SP1 and C SP2 eg electrolytic capacitors
  • the input current of the converter increases the lower the voltage (constant power).
  • I (RMESS) 0) (3e).
  • the capacitors are now charged with a current reduced by the converter current and thus the voltage across the capacitors rises less steeply. In this case too, the load on the switching transistor M1 remains below a predetermined limit value. The switching transistor Ml is not blocked.
  • the short-circuit current can be measured directly at the current I (RMESS). Thanks to the fast current limit control flows over the MOSFET, except for a short current peak, only a limiting current. After the drain voltage at the MOSFET does not decrease at all or only slightly, the voltage at the integrator quickly increases to a response value. The error flip-flop is triggered (V (FF-OK, LGND). At the output of the
  • the flip-flop has LOW potential.
  • the switching transistor is switched off.
  • a short circuit during a plug-in process is reproduced in the signal curves 3j to 31.
  • the voltage drop between source and drain continues unabated, the voltage is quickly integrated.
  • the comparator switches to low potential and triggers the error flip-flop FF.
  • the transistor Ml is turned off.

Landscapes

  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le circuit d'un fusible électronique dont le critère pour reconnaître un court-circuit et couper l'alimentation d'un consommateur est l'énergie convertie au niveau du transistor de commutation du redresseur. Il n'est pas tenu compte d'une augmentation de courant due aux chutes de tension.
EP98925422A 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Fusible electronique Withdrawn EP0970555A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997112261 DE19712261A1 (de) 1997-03-24 1997-03-24 Elektronische Sicherung
DE19712261 1997-03-24
PCT/DE1998/000836 WO1998043334A1 (fr) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Fusible electronique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0970555A1 true EP0970555A1 (fr) 2000-01-12

Family

ID=7824415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98925422A Withdrawn EP0970555A1 (fr) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Fusible electronique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0970555A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1251224A (fr)
BR (1) BR9808624A (fr)
DE (1) DE19712261A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998043334A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10036983A1 (de) * 2000-07-29 2002-02-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur schnellen Kurzschlussabsicherung bei einem Leistungshalbleiter
DE102005046980B4 (de) * 2005-09-30 2008-11-20 Infineon Technologies Ag Sicherungsschaltung zum Schützen einer Last
WO2011112130A1 (fr) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Protection contre les surtensions
CN104065028B (zh) * 2013-03-19 2017-03-01 台达电子工业股份有限公司 电子保险丝装置及其操作方法
DE102014214984A1 (de) 2014-07-30 2016-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kurzschlussschutzvorrichtung
US11581725B2 (en) 2018-07-07 2023-02-14 Intelesol, Llc Solid-state power interrupters
US10985548B2 (en) 2018-10-01 2021-04-20 Intelesol, Llc Circuit interrupter with optical connection
US11349296B2 (en) 2018-10-01 2022-05-31 Intelesol, Llc Solid-state circuit interrupters
US11551899B2 (en) 2019-05-18 2023-01-10 Amber Semiconductor, Inc. Intelligent circuit breakers with solid-state bidirectional switches
DE102019131192A1 (de) * 2019-11-19 2021-05-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltung mit Leistungshalbleiterschalter für ein Hochvoltbordnetz, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Leistungshalbleiterschalters, Hochvoltbordnetz sowie Kraftfahrzeug
US12113525B2 (en) 2021-09-30 2024-10-08 Amber Semiconductor, Inc. Intelligent electrical switches

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4328459A (en) * 1980-09-04 1982-05-04 Trw Inc. Current inrush limiting apparatus
DE3934577A1 (de) * 1989-10-17 1991-04-18 Philips Patentverwaltung Stromversorgungseinrichtung mit einschaltstrombegrenzungsschaltung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9843334A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998043334A1 (fr) 1998-10-01
DE19712261A1 (de) 1998-10-08
CN1251224A (zh) 2000-04-19
BR9808624A (pt) 2000-05-16

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