Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
  • D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
  • D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
  • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
  • G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
  • G07D7/0032—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements using holograms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
  • B42D25/378—Special inks
  • B42D25/387—Special inks absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light

Definitions

• the invention relates to a document of value with at least one security element, which comprises in a marking area a marking layer comprising electroluminescent pigments applied to a carrier body. It further relates to an electroluminescent pigment suitable for use in such a value document, a method for producing such a value document and a method for producing such electroluminescent pigments.
• value or security documents such as banknotes, ID cards or chip cards
• security features or security elements which, for example in the case of paper-type value documents, are intended to reliably preclude imitation by making color copies.
• the security elements can in particular be designed as optically variable elements, such as holograms or interference layer elements, which convey different color impressions when viewed depending on the viewing angle, but are not transferred to the copy during the copying process.
• security elements of this type cannot be read out or evaluated by machine, or can only be carried out with difficulty, so that an automated security check of the respective value documents is possible only to a limited extent and with high technical outlay.
• the document of value as a security element in a marking area has a marking layer applied to a carrier body, for example the banknote paper, which is mixed with electroluminescent pigments.
• a carrier body for example the banknote paper
• electroluminescent pigments When checking or authenticating this security element, the marking layer containing the electroluminescent pigments is subjected to an alternating electrical field in a contactless manner via a suitably designed test device.
• the invention has for its object to provide a document of value of the type mentioned above, which has a particularly high security standard.
• an electroluminescent pigment suitable for use in such a value document, a method for producing such a value document and a method for producing such pigments are to be specified.
• the electroluminescent pigments each comprise a pigment core formed from electroluminescent material, which is surrounded by an optically active coating.
• the invention is based on the consideration that the value document should be equipped with electroluminescent pigments for a particularly high security standard.
• the receiver part of the test device used is usually matched to the emission spectrum of the electroluminescent pigments.
• the characteristic signature of the security feature is thus concise and thus to improve the quality of the authentication.
• provision can also be made to compare a spectrum received during the test with an expected spectrum in order to determine a degree of agreement.
• the emission spectra of known electroluminescent pigments are, however, comparatively broadband and, by setting more suitable dopings, can only be expanded to a limited number of clearly distinguishable spectra.
• the document of value should be equipped with electroluminescent pigments which are particularly designed for the emission of a characteristic, selectively identifiable spectrum.
• a selectively identifiable spectrum should in particular have a comparatively small bandwidth, so that a particularly reliable assignment of emitted signals to individual pigment groups or types is possible in the case of a wavelength-sensitive evaluation.
• Authenticity detection can be made dependent on the presence of specific pigment groups or types.
• the electroluminescent pigment cores are coated in such a way that, depending on the wavelength, the spectrum actually emitted by the electroluminescent material is partially "filtered".
• the coating is designed as an optically active coating.
• wavelength-selective transmission takes place through the use of a non-linearly absorbing coating.
• suitable energy levels can be generated in the crystal lattice of the coating, for example by targeted doping of the coating, for example with metal ions (Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ ), which can be excited with sufficient light intensity and thus effect the non-linearity.
• the coating can be designed in such a way that parts of the emission spectrum are suppressed in a defined manner.
• interference effects can expediently be achieved through the targeted use of interference effects, by means of which the emitted spectrum can be specifically suppressed or attenuated in individual wavelengths or wavelength ranges.
• interference effects are implemented by a coating of the electroluminescent pigment cores, which preferably has at least two layers which differ from one another in their refractive index.
• the coating of pigments with sequences of thin layers with a varying refractive index is known from EP 1 138 743 A1 or from EP 0 852 977 A1.
• the concepts disclosed there are aimed at the coating of magnetic pigment cores, the coatings being intended to ensure an increased refractive index and thus a high reflectivity and a bright color of the pigments.
• the methods described in these publications for applying the coatings to the pigment cores can also be used in the present concept.
• the value document is advantageously suitable for applying the security element to the carrier body using a printing process, preferably by means of screen printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, letter set printing or a transfer process.
• the pigments expediently have an average pigment size of approximately 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably approximately 3 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, so that they are particularly suitable for use in a security printing process.
• Particularly fine-grained pigments which are consequently particularly suitable for use in a printing process, can be obtained in that the electroluminescent material forming the respective pigment core advantageously has a preferably cubic crystal structure.
• the electroluminescent material forming the respective pigment core expediently consists of an II-VI compound, advantageously of (co-) doped ZnS, ZnSe, SrS, CaS or CdS, in a further advantageous embodiment the doping as activator Cu and / or Au and / or Mn and comprises halide ions or trivalent cations as activator.
• Alternative or additional advantageous doping can include Ag, Fe, Co, Ni and / or rare earths, such as in particular Tm, Tb, Dy, Gd, Yb, Sm, Eu.
• the coating surrounding the pigment core in the manner of a microencapsulation advantageously has at least one layer of inorganic material, preferably of oxides, nitrides, oxysulfides, sulfides of metals or semi-metals, which are optionally (co-) doped with metals or semi-metals.
• inorganic material preferably of oxides, nitrides, oxysulfides, sulfides of metals or semi-metals, which are optionally (co-) doped with metals or semi-metals.
• SiO 2 , SiO, TiO 2 , NiO, Ni2O 3 , CoO, C0 2 O 3 N 2 O 3 or ZrO 2 is provided as the inorganic material.
• the inorganic material comprises a metal, preferably Fe and / or Co and / or Ni and / or Cr and / or Mo and / or W and / or V and / or Nb.
• the coating only partially covers the surface of the respective pigment core.
• the coating is advantageously designed to profile the emission spectrum of the respective pigment core to a particular extent and to modify it for a particularly characteristic signature.
• the coating is selected in a particularly advantageous / embodiment with regard to the refractive indices of its layers and / or is dimensioned in its coating thickness such that the spectral transmission of the coating at a predetermined wavelength, preferably a wavelength at which the natural emission spectrum of the electroluminescent material is particularly pronounced has a maximum.
• the material parameters refractive index and / or layer thickness are specifically specified such that the desired focus of the emission spectrum of the pigments occurs due to the use of the interference effects in the coating. Appropriate specifications allow the coating to act, for example, in the manner of a bandpass filter or in the manner of an upper or lower edge filter, and maxima can be shifted or additional maxima can be generated in the emission spectrum.
• the stated object is achieved in that a pigment core formed from electroluminescent material is surrounded by a coating with non-linear transmission and / or absorption behavior.
• Particularly advantageous developments of the electroluminescent pigment and the coating correspond to the configurations provided for the document of value.
• Such an electroluminescent pigment can preferably also be used in a luminescent device as a light-emitting component of light-emitting diodes, displays or backlights.
• the coating advantageously protects the electroluminescent pigment from environmental influences, in particular from water vapor migration.
• a resin is applied to the carrier body and softened to produce the marking layer, pigment cores being applied in the softened state of the resin in such a way that the pigment cores at least partially sink into the resin, so that only part of the surface of the pigment cores is removed from the Resin looks out, after which the coating is applied by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD) and / or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
• PVD physical vapor deposition
• CVD chemical vapor deposition
• An acrylate-based resin is advantageously used, the pigment cores being sprinkled onto the resin via a sieve in an alternative or additional advantageous development.
• the use of the sieve enables in particular high degree of homogeneity and uniform distribution of the pigment cores over the surface.
• the marking layer is applied to the carrier body by means of a printing process, preferably by means of screen printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, letter set printing or a transfer printing process.
• a printing process preferably by means of screen printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, letter set printing or a transfer printing process.
• a printing ink which contains a solvent and / or a binder in addition to the electroluminescent pigments.
• the printing ink is expediently designed for particularly advantageous usability in a printing process.
• the printing ink advantageously contains less than 30% pigment, advantageously less than 25%.
• the stated object is achieved by pigment cores by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and / or plasma process and / or a sol-gel process and / or polymerizing and / or electrochemical / galvanic coating and / or fluidized bed processes and / or by means of self-assembling and / or hybridization with the coating.
• PVD physical vapor deposition
• CVD chemical vapor deposition
• sol-gel process and / or polymerizing and / or electrochemical / galvanic coating and / or fluidized bed processes and / or by means of self-assembling and / or hybridization with the coating.
• the pigment cores are advantageously subjected to a milling process after their coating in such a way that part of the coating is broken away, so that subsequently at most part the surface of the respective pigment core is covered with the coating.
• the grinding process is expediently carried out in a ball mill, a grinding aid being added before or during the grinding.
• Grinding aid is particularly suitable here acetylcholine and / or oil and / or an aqueous suspension.
• the grinding process can advantageously be integrated into the color production for a particularly low production outlay.
• the grinding process is advantageously carried out in a paint production in a three-roll color wheel, the coated pigments being part of the color.
• Color binders and color pigments are advantageously provided as further components of the color.
• the distance between the surfaces of the rollers of the three-roller inking chair is advantageously set to a value of at most the average diameter of the pigments.
• the grinding process is carried out for a maximum of two hours, so that it is ensured that the coating is not completely removed from the pigment cores.
• wavelength-selective transmission takes place through an optically active coating of the pigment cores.
• This is achieved, for example, in the case of a single-layer coating by means of a nonlinearly absorbing coating by targeted doping, for example with metal ions (Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ ).
• a multi-layer coating of the pigment cores in which two, three or even more coating layers with completely or partially different refractive indices can be provided, enables a targeted modification of the spectrum emitted by the electroluminescent pigment cores on the basis of interference effects.
• This spectrum can in particular be designed to be comparatively narrow-band, so that a particularly characteristic signature of the emission spectrum can be achieved.
• local reinforcement of the exciting electrical field can also be achieved in a particularly favorable manner if the coating has a certain electrical conductivity in at least one of the layers.
• the respective coating layer then acts in the manner of a local "floating" electrode located in the immediate vicinity of the electroluminescent material, which effects compression and focusing of the electrical field applied without contact from the outside in the immediate vicinity of the electroluminescent material.
• the excitation field of the electroluminescent material can be locally exceeded even with a comparatively low externally impressed field strength, so that a reliable excitation of the luminescence is made possible with comparatively low externally marked field strengths. Because of the particularly advantageous combination of these effects, a particularly striking, narrow-band spectrum can thus be generated, and the use of comparatively low test field strengths is possible in the evaluation.
• FIG. 2 shows the marking area of the value document according to FIG. 1 in section
• FIG. 3 shows sections through a security element of the value document according to FIG. 1
• Fig. 6 schematically shows an emission spectrum of an electroluminescent
• Fig. 8 shows a section through part of a security element during this
• the document of value 1 according to FIG. 1, which can be, for example, a banknote, an identification card, a chip card or any other security document or product secured against falsification or copying, comprises as a basic element a carrier body 2 which, depending on the application purpose of the Value document 1 can be constructed from paper, from plastic, from laminated plastic layers or from another suitably chosen material.
• a security element 6 is applied to the carrier body 2 in a marking area 4.
• the security element 6 and the marking area 4 covered by it can be dimensioned and designed according to any criteria tailored to the intended use and in particular configured for the optical reproduction of a print image, for example a numerical value.
• the security element 6 is used in the manner of a security feature to identify whether the value document 1 is genuine. For this purpose, verification or authentication procedures are used which check certain chemical or physical properties of the security feature and thus recognize whether the security feature meets the expected specifications.
• the security element 6 is especially designed for an automated evaluation of its security function.
• the security element 6, as shown in section in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 a marking layer 8 applied to the carrier body 2.
• the marking layer 8 is constructed on the basis of electroluminescent pigments 10 to ensure automated evaluation.
• the contactless irradiation of electromagnetic radiation into the marking layer 8 is provided from a suitably selected test device, as is disclosed, for example, in DE 197 08 543.
• the electromagnetic radiation radiated into the marking layer 8 triggers electroluminescence phenomena in the pigments 10, wherein the electromagnetic response radiation generated in this way can be detected by a suitable sensor and evaluated automatically.
• the marking layer 8 can be applied to the carrier body 2 by a printing process, in particular by means of screen printing, intaglio printing, offset printing or letter set printing.
• the marking layer 8 comprises on the one hand the electroluminescent pigments 10 and on the other hand further components of the printing ink, such as color pigments and / or color binders 12.
• another coating technique such as painting, can also be used.
• the security element consists of a substrate 14 and a coating 16.
• the substrate 14 can be a paper, a plastic or a composite material.
• the coating 16 could be a powder comprising the electroluminescent pigments 10 or a mixture of the type shown in FIG. 3a.
• the security element 6 with the structure shown in FIG. 3b can be connected to the value document 1, for example by gluing or laminating.
• a powder comprising the electroluminescent pigments 10 can be mixed with plastic particles or plastic precursor particles and processed into a film by means of calendering, extrusion or film casting.
• the film itself can already be the document of value 1 or the security element 6 or can be connected to a carrier by means of one or more lamination or adhesive steps.
• the security element 6 is designed for compliance with particularly high security standards. To this end, it is ensured that the electroluminescent pigments 10 of the security element 6 have a particularly narrow-band emission spectrum in response to the incident alternating electrical field, so that with suitable adjustment of the test device, an individualized detection and assignment of a specified group or type of electroluminescent pigments 10 is made possible.
• the electroluminescent pigments 10 each comprise a pigment core 20 which is shown by way of example in FIG. 4 and is delimited by its surface 22.
• the pigment core 20 consists of an electroluminescent material, that is to say of a material which emits electromagnetic radiation when an alternating electrical field is applied.
• Typical electroluminescent materials consist of a host lattice, an II-VI compound, for example zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc selenide (ZnSe), strontium sulfide (SrS), calcium sulfide (CaS) or cadmium sulfide (CdS).
• Such materials have an activator, this activator being provided as a doping in the host lattice.
• Such doping can consist of copper (Cu), gold (Au) or manganese (Mn).
• electroluminescent materials have coactivators, which are also dopants of the host lattice. These dopings can be used as halide ions (chlorine ions (Cl “ ), bromine ions (Br “ ) or iodine ions (I “ )) or as trivalent cations (aluminum ions (Al 3+ ), gallium ions (Ga 3+ ), indium ions (ln 3+ ), europium ions (Eu 3+ ), prometium ions (Pm 3+ ), praseodymions (Pr 3+ ).
• the doping can be silver (Ag), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and / or selected rare earths such as thulium (Tm), terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Gadolinium (Gd), Ytterbium (Yb), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu).
• the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electroluminescent pigment cores 20 when excited by an alternating electrical field lies in a wavelength range between 200 nm and 3 ⁇ m.
• the mean diameter (the so-called called D index 50 value) of such pigment cores 20 in the exemplary embodiment is at most 30 ⁇ m, preferably less than 25 ⁇ m, particularly advantageously about 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
• the respective pigment core 20 is surrounded by an at least single-layer optically active coating 24 to form the actual pigments 10.
• a single-layer coating for example, wavelength-selective transmission takes place by means of a nonlinearly absorbing coating by targeted doping, for example with metal ions (Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ ).
• metal ions Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ .
• an optically active coating 24 comprising three layers 26, 28, 30 is shown in order to use additional interference effects in a targeted manner.
• another suitably selected number of coating layers for example two or more than three, can also be provided.
• the layers 26, 28, 30 forming this coating 24 are made of inorganic material in the exemplary embodiment. However, they can also be organic materials based on polymers, such as PET and / or PMMA. Metals, in particular iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), vanadium (V) or niobium (Nb) are suitable as inorganic material. Metal oxide layers are preferably composed of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon monoxide (SiO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) or zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ). The thickness of such a layer 26, 28, 30 should be at most 1 ⁇ m, but preferably 50 to 200 nm.
• the optically active coating 24 is applied to the respective pigment core with the aim of appropriately modifying the emission spectrum of the electroluminescent material of the pigment core 20 by making specific use of interference, and in particular to make it comparatively narrow-band.
• the layers 26, 28, 30 of the coating 24 of the exemplary embodiment are selected such that the refractive index between adjacent layers 26, 28, 30 differs considerably. In this case, it is ensured that the electroluminescent material forming the pigment core 20, when excited by an alternating electrical field, emits electromagnetic radiation, which then exposes the coating 24 to interference effects.
• the layers 26, 28, 30 are designed with regard to the layer thickness and their respective refractive index in such a way that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electroluminescent material of the pigment core 20 only passes through the layers in certain, predetermined regions of the wavelength spectrum.
• the following known law is used:
• ⁇ is an integer and ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation which is to be amplified or extinguished.
• the layers ⁇ ⁇ gen 26, 28, 30 are then referred to as so-called - or - layers.
• the emission spectrum of the pigment cores 20 can be modified significantly, as is explained by way of example using the spectra in FIGS. 6a to 6g. While, as shown in FIG. 6a qualitatively in the form of an intensity (l) wavelength ( ⁇ ) spectrum for an uncoated pigment core 20, the electroluminescent material has a comparatively broadband emission spectrum with a maximum at a wavelength ⁇ o, the width of this can be determined Significantly reduce the spectrum through the coating 24. An example of this is shown in FIG. 6b on the basis of a further intensity (1) wavelength ( ⁇ ) spectrum.
• This spectrum which is characteristic of electroluminescent pigments 10 formed from pigment cores 20 provided with a coating 24, has a significantly smaller bandwidth ⁇ compared to the spectrum shown in FIG. 6a.
• the coating 24 is selected such that both for wavelengths below the wavelength ⁇ o (or ⁇ 0 and ⁇ -i) and for wavelengths above the wavelength ⁇ 0 (or ⁇ 0) and ⁇ -i) filtering or weakening the emitted radiation is carried out, so that in this case the coating 24 acts like a band filter and a maximum is achieved (FIG. 6b) or several maxima, for example two maxima (FIG. 6c).
• the coating 24 can also be in the form of an upper edge filter (FIG. 6d), which attenuates in particular the emitted radiation of a wavelength of more than the wavelength ⁇ 0 , or in the manner of a lower one Edge filter (FIG. 6e), which attenuates in particular radiation of a wavelength of less than the wavelength ⁇ 0 .
• an additional maximum (FIG. 6f) can also be generated or a maximum shifted in the emission spectrum by appropriate specifications, as indicated by the double arrow in FIG. 6g.
• the coating 24 in the exemplary embodiments according to FIG applied each pigment core 20 that it only partially covers its surface 22.
• a method can be used in the production of the value document 1, for which an intermediate product is shown in FIG. 8.
• a substrate 14 is provided for the security element 6.
• a resin 32 is applied to the substrate 14, the resin 32 being softened by the application of heat after the application or before or during the application.
• Pigment cores 20 made of an electroluminescent material are then sprinkled onto the surface of the resin 32.
• the softening of the resin 32 is designed such that the pigment cores 20 do not sink completely into the resin 32, but that almost all cores protrude from the resin 32 with a part of their surface.
• a coating is then subsequently carried out, for example by means of PVD or CVD processes, so that the pigment cores 20 are only partially coated.
• the pigments 10 can be coated with the coating 24 in particular by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or a sol-gel process.
• the coating step is followed by a grinding process. Part of the coating is broken away from the initially completely coated pigment core 20 by the grinding.
• the grinding process is carried out, for example, in a ball mill, a grinding aid being added to the powder before or during grinding.
• Acetylcholine ([N (CH 3 ) 3 (C 2 H 5 ⁇ )] + COO " ) oil or an aqueous suspension can be provided as the grinding aid.
• the grinding process can also be carried out as part of the production of a printing ink, so that the overall manufacturing effort required is kept particularly low.
• the electroluminescent pigments 10 are added to a printing ink with which the value document 1 for the production of the security element 6 and its marking layer 8 can then be printed.
• the color which is generally composed of binder and color pigments, additionally contains the electroluminescent pigments 10 with the complete optically active coating 24.
• the distance of the roller surface of the rollers of the three-roller inking unit is set in such a way that the distance is somewhat smaller or at most corresponds to the average diameter of the powder particles, then the powder particle cores with the complete coating are also subjected to a milling process, so that a mixture of color is subsequently obtained and electroluminescent pigments 10 are present, the pigment cores 20 of which are only partially coated on their surface 22.
• the meal in the ball mill or the grinding process in the three-roller inking chair is preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours. After this period, sufficient homogenization is achieved, destruction of the pigment core 20 by grinding being avoided. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Finance (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
• Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
• Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
• Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
• Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
• Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
• Adornments (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-06-11 DE DE10326645A patent/DE10326645A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2004
  • 2004-05-12 AU AU2004245651A patent/AU2004245651A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-05-12 CN CNA2004800161949A patent/CN1806078A/zh active Pending
  • 2004-05-12 DE DE502004011402T patent/DE502004011402D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-05-12 AT AT04732301T patent/ATE474089T1/de active
  • 2004-05-12 CA CA002528058A patent/CA2528058A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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  • 2004-05-12 WO PCT/EP2004/005093 patent/WO2004109014A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2004-05-12 ES ES04732301T patent/ES2347655T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-05-12 JP JP2006515769A patent/JP2006527104A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-05-12 PT PT04732301T patent/PT1631719E/pt unknown
  • 2004-05-12 EP EP04732301A patent/EP1631719B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-12-05 UA UAA200600238A patent/UA89027C2/ru unknown
• 2010
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