Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
  • B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
  • B65B1/02—Machines characterised by the incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B2105/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by assembling separate sheets, blanks or webs
  • B31B2105/002—Making boxes characterised by the shape of the blanks from which they are formed
  • B31B2105/0022—Making boxes from tubular webs or blanks, e.g. with separate bottoms, including tube or bottom forming operations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/26—Folding sheets, blanks or webs
  • B31B50/28—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms
  • B31B50/30—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms the mandrels moving
  • B31B50/32—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms the mandrels moving in circular paths
  • B31B50/324—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms the mandrels moving in circular paths the mandrels being parallel to the axis of a drum

Definitions

• the invention firstly relates to a device for producing a package from a sheet of flexible material, especially board, plastic or paper, and also to shape such a material.
• the invention also relates to an installation for producing such a package and also for filling it with a pulverulent or nonpulverulent product, using such a device.
• the invention relates to a process for producing such a package, as well as for filling it with a pulverulent or nonpulverulent material .
• Document GB-A-1 335 454 has described a device for shaping a package made from a sheet of board, which is provided with a shaping member incorporating a female part and a male part that is intended to cooperate with the female part, besides a member for fastening together the two edges of the sheet of board after the shaping operation.
• the female part is fastened to means for moving in translation along a first direction, in this case horizontally, and comprises two hinged jaws intended to define by themselves the desired shape of the package when they are actuated, and especially to define the envelope of the package to be produced.
• This shaping member also includes a male part, consisting of a sleeve or mandrel of cylindrical shape, complementary in shape to the internal shape of the female part and intended to cooperate with the latter.
• the objective of the present invention is firstly to propose a device for shaping the body of the package to the desired shape in a simple, effective and automatic manner. It then consists in allowing a multiplicity of formats, something which hitherto it was not known how to do in a simple manner and with high production rates .
• such a device for shaping a package made from a sheet of flexible material, stored on one of its sides in a storage magazine comprises: a shaping member, which itself comprises:
• a female part fastened to means for translation along a first direction, and also including at least one hinged jaw, intended to define at least partly the desired shape when it is actuated and especially to define the envelope of the package to be produced,
• a male part consisting of a sleeve or mandrel complementary in shape to the internal shape of the female part and intended to cooperate with the latter; a fastening member for fastening together the two edges of the sheet of flexible material after shaping, that is to say after cooperation of the male part with the female part .
• the female part furthermore includes a recessed region, at the edge of which the jaw or jaws is or are hinged, and intended to define, with this jaw or these aws, the very at least partial envelope of the package to be produced;
• the female part is provided with suckers, or equivalent systems, which are intended to receive the sheet of flexible material taken from the storage magazine; and
• the sleeve or mandrel constituting the male part can be driven in a translational movement along a direction perpendicular to said first direction, so as to be positioned level with the female part.
• the device according to the invention consists in shaping the body of the package using the punch-and-die principle, in an automatic manner, while furthermore allowing the mandrel constituting the male part to undergo relative displacement perpendicular to the displacement of the female part.
• the actuation of the aws does not terminate in the integral circumference of the envelope of the package to be produced, but defines a slit intended to leave clear the access to the fastening member.
• the latter typically consists of a sonotrode, but another device may be envisioned, especially one emitting high frequencies, or heating to seal the body of the package by heat sealing.
• This or these jaws are actuated by cylinder actuators fastened to the recessed region of the female part.
• the mandrel is made of a material having a low coefficient of friction and typically made of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyacetal.
• the objective of this is to make it easier to remove said mandrel during the following operations, especially those of fitting the bottom and the cap, and in general the closure components .
• the entire female part is capable of rotating m the vertical or horizontal plane through an adjustable angle so as, after removal of the mandrel and fitting of a first closure component, to allow said package to be directed toward a station for filling it with a pulverulent or nonpulverulent product, and fitting a second closure component .
• the invention also relates to an installation for producing a package, made from a sheet of flexible material and provided with a bottom and a cap, and for filling it with a pulverulent or nonpulverulent product .
• Th s installation comprises: a magazine for storing said sheets of flexible material, within which the sheets are stored on one of their sides; a member for advancing N shaping devices of the type described above, these being uniformly distributed along its direction of advance, said member being intended to position said devices at the various stations needed for the production and filling of the package, said member being capable of moving in stepwise mode, the advance step of which corresponds to 1/N of the length of said member; a gripping member provided with suckers or equivalent systems, which is driven in a horizontal translational movement and intended to take said sheets of flexible material one by one and, after rotation, to position them on the suckers or equivalent systems, with which the edge or edges of the recessed region of the female part of the shaping device is or are provided;
• the installation according to the invention makes it possible for the operations of producing the package and of filling and sealing it to be carried out automatically, something which hitherto it was not known how to do effectively.
• the mode of advance may be linear, and in this situation the advancing member is a linear conveyor.
• the mode of advance may be rotary, and n this configuration, the advancing member consists of a rotary carousel having a vertical rotation axis, the N shaping devices then being periodically distributed around its periphery, the carousel being capable of moving in stepwise mode, the rotation step of which corresponds to 1/N of a revolution .
• the members for fitting the closure components consist of a carousel, which rotates about a vertical axis, on which a plurality n of work stations are mounted, distributed periodically around its periphery, said carousel being capable of moving in a stepwise mode, the rotation step of which corresponds to 1/n of a revolution, said stations being used, respectively:
• each of these stations being provided with a gripping member, especially a suction gripper, driven an a vertical movement, the actual advance of the advancing member bearing the shaping members and the carousels bearing the members for fitting the closure components being synchronized m such a way that the gripping member of the carousels, when it is in a positioning configuration, is centered with respect to the upper face of the male part of the shaping device located vertically in line with the carousels in question.
• the invention also relates to a process for producing, and even filling, a package made from a sheet of flexible material. This process consists:
• the step of positioning the first closure component is carried out while the male part of said shaping member is still present, at least in part, within the body of the package.
• the step of positioning the second closure component is carried out in the absence of any male part inside the body of the package.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation in perspective of the installation according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a schematic representation in perspective of a shaping member according to the invention.
• Figure 3 is a schematic representation in perspective of the g ⁇ pper of the sheet of flexible material according to the invention.
• Figure 4 is a schematic representation in perspective of the member for fastening together the two edges of the sheet material after shaping.
• Figure 5 is a schematic representation m perspective of a member for positioning a closure component according to the invention.
• Figure 6 is a schematic representation in longitudinal section of a package according to the invention, according to a first embodiment.
• Figure 7 is a schematic representation in longitudinal section of a package according to the invention, according to a second embodiment.
• Figures 8 to 14 are schematic representations illustrating the particular embodiment of a package according to the invention but with a flared profile.
• a gr ⁇ pper (2) takes hold of said sheet material by one of its two faces, so as to position it at a shaping member (4), positioned approximately facing the magazine (1), at this stage of operation of the machine.
• the gripper (2) firstly comprises a gripping arm (26) , provided with four suckers (25) or equivalent systems, which are connected to a vacuum source. These suckers (25) are mounted in the same plane and are intended to take a sheet of flexible material from the storage magazine (1) .
• This gripping arm s mounted on a rotary shaft (27) capable of rotating through 180° by means of a motor (28), for example a pneumatic or electric motor.
• the assembly thus formed is mounted on a carriage (29) , that can be actuated so as to move in horizontal translation by means of a worm (36) rotated by a motor (37), said carriage thus being capable of moving along guides (30) .
• This translational movement is intended to allow the arm (26) to move up to the storage magazine (1) and grasp a sheet of flexible material.
• the shaping members (4) are distributed periodically around the periphery of a carousel (3) with a vertical rotation axis, wh ⁇ ch therefore constitutes the advancing member, said carousel being rotated in stepwise mode by means of a motorized indexation system.
• the carousel (3) has six shaping members (4), therefore distributed around the periphery of said carousel (3) every sixth of a revolution.
• the rotation step of the carousel (3) also corresponds to one sixth of a revolution, allowing each of the shaping members (4) to be positioned at defined locations in which a certain number of steps can be carried out, these being necessary, firstly, for producing the actual package and secondly to fill it.
• the installation also includes members for fitting the closure components for these packages.
• the first of these carousels (6) is intended to position one of the closure components at one of the ends of the body of the package thus shaped, which is always held in place onto the shaping member (4), while the second carousel (7) is intended, after filling, to close off the package thus filled, with a second closure component.
• the next step consists in ejecting the filled and sealed package onto a conveyor (10) , which takes the filled packages to their storage locations, before being shipped.
• the shaping member (4) according to the invention will now be described an greater detail.
• This comprises basically a male part (18) and a female part (11-17), which are intended to cooperate with each other, so as to produce the actual shape of the body of the package.
• the gripping member (2) ensures that a sheet of flexible material is positioned against the female part of the shaping member.
• This female part basically comprises a recessed region (12), in this case defining a semicylmdrical volume, wh ⁇ ch is a fastened to a motor (11) fixed to the periphery of the carousel (3) .
• This recessed region may, however, adopt another profile, for example parallelepipedal, triangular, etc., depending on the shape that it is desired to give the package.
• This recessed region (12) can be made to undergo, in the example described, a horizontal translational movement by means of an electrical or pneumatic displacement system.
• the two free edges (14) of the recessed region (12) house firstly suckers (13), four suckers an thas case, which are connected to vacuum source, positioned in the same plane and intended to take the sheet of flexible material placed thereat by the gripper (2) .
• Two aws (15) are hinged along the edges (14) and can be actuated by means of cylinder actuators (16) in such a way as to define, in relation with the recessed region (12), the external envelope of the body of the package to be produced when said aws are closed up.
• the recessed region (12) when the aws (15) are actuated, that is to say closed up, they define with the recessed region (12) an approximately cylindrical shape.
• the recessed region (12) also includes two suckers (17) or equivalent (only a single one has been shown) , which are incorporated into the structure defin ⁇ ng at, and therefore not forming a projection from its internal surface, allowing the body of the package, after being shaped, to be held in place.
• the male part of the shaping member (4) consists of a sleeve (18), which in the example described is cylindrical, positioned on a base (19) .
• This base (19) can be actuated in translation along a direction perpendicular to the direction of translation of the female part, and therefore in the example described in a vertical direction.
• This displacement is carried out along guides (20) by means of a cylinder actuator or equivalent, in such a way as to allow said mandrel (18) to rise up to the female part (12-16) .
• This mandrel (18) is advantageously made of a material having a very low coefficient of friction, typically polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon'"') or polyacetal (Delrin 0 ”) so as to make it easy for it to be extracted from the body of the package thus shaped.
• Teflon'"' polytetrafluoroethylene
• Delrin 0 polyacetal
• the body of the package is produced an the following manner.
• the sheet of flexible material is positioned by the gripper (2) against the suckers (13) of the female part of the shaping member (4), said sheet still being in flat or substantially flat form, the plane being slightly short of the closest generatrix of the mandrel (18) .
• the carousel (3) then undergoes a rotation of one sixth of a revolution.
• the mandrel (18) is then raised vertically in line with said female part, and when this translational movement has been completed, said female part undergoes a horizontal translational movement, causing the sheet of flex ⁇ ble mater ⁇ al to be pushed by the mandrel (18) ⁇ nto the recessed reg ⁇ on (12) .
• the inside diameter of said recessed region (12) and of the aws (15) and the outside diameter of the mandrel (18) are substantially identical to each other with a clearance.
• the jaws (15) are produced in this way so that, when they close around the mandrel (18), they are not contiguous but define a slot, for example a vertical slot, allowing the insertion of a member for fastening together the two edges, typically a sonotrode (32) shown in greater detail in figure 4.
• a sonotrode typically a sonotrode shown in greater detail in figure 4.
• the mandrel has, plumb with it, a structure (23) in the form of a welding insert, especially made of polymer or metal, extending along its entire generatrix facing the fastening member (32) .
• the upper end of the cylindrical envelope thus produced as leveled, that s to say made level by means of a jogger (5) , also called a leveler, positioned above the carousel (3), plumb with the welding station.
• This jogger (5) basically comprises a lower vertical plate that can undergo a vertical translational movement by means of a cylinder/slideway assembly.
• the carousel (3) undergoes a new rotation of one sixth of a revolution so as to be brought to a station for fitting a closure component.
• the mandrel (18) is withdrawn to a greater or lesser extent from the body of the package, depending on the type of closure component to be fitted and in particular depending on the desired adhesive coating method. This is because such closure components have a peripheral ring, and it may be desirable to fasten this ring to the body of the package on its external face or its internal face.
• Figure 6 thus shows a package in which the peripheral ring (56) with which the closure component (55) is provided is fastened to the internal face (57) of the body (58) of the package.
• the peripheral ring (56) with which the closure component (55) is provided is fastened to the internal face (57) of the body (58) of the package.
• the mandrel (18) moves vertically downwards slightly in order to leave clear access to the ring (56) of said component inside the body of the package.
• the closure component is fitted by means of the device (6) shown an figure 5.
• This consists of a carousel (40) with a vertical rotation axis, rotated in a stepwise mode by means of a motorized indexing system.
• this carousel has three stations (42), (43), (44) distributed periodically around the periphery of the carousel (40) every third of a revolution.
• Each of the three stations (42), (43) and (44) is identical and provided with a sucker (45) or equivalent, which can be rotated on itself relative to a motorized vertical spindle (46) . Furthermore, each of the three stations (42-44) is mounted on a carriage (54) that can undergo a vertical translational movement by means of a worm (not shown) , rotated by a motor (48), causing said carriage (54) to be displaced along guides (53) .
• the station (43) grips a closure component, conveyed by an accumulation conveyor (8) or (9) to a receptacle (49) located vertically beneath the station (43) .
• This accumulation conveyor is provided with a lug (50) , which releases a closure component present on said conveyor as soon as the closure component stored at (49) has been taken up by the station (43), and to do so by means of presence detection cells, or equivalent system.
• an adhesive coating system comprising a coating nozzle (47) positions a bead of adhesive around the external or internal periphery of the ring (56) of said closure component (55), sa ⁇ d component being rotated by the rotation of said sucker by the spindle (46) .
• This coating nozzle (47) is mounted on a carriage (51) that can move in horizontal translation by means of a cam system (not shown) which is itself actuated by means of a motor (52) .
• a cam system not shown
• the nozzle (47) will deposit a bead of adhesive on the external face of said ring, running continuously at its station (44) .
• said coating nozzle (47) is moved translationally by means of the carriage (51) so as to be plumb with the sucker (45), which s lowered so as to allow said nozzle to be covered by the closure component with which said sucker is provided, and thus allow the internal face of said ring to be coated with adhesive.
• the carousel (40) After coating, the carousel (40) then rotates a further one third of a revolution, corresponding to the station (42) shown in figure 5.
• the sucker (45) is centered with respect to the upper face of the mandrel (18), and consequently of one of the ends of the body of the package.
• the motor (48) is then actuated, in order to lower the carriage (54) of the station (42), and therefore the sucker (45) and the adhesive-coated closure component with wh ⁇ ch at is provided, in order to position t on the upper part of the cylindrical body, which is subjacent at that moment, thus allowing said closure component to be effectively fitted.
• the mandrel (18) is completely withdrawn by moving vertically downwards, the cylindrical body provided with the closure component being, however, held in position in the recessed region (12), on the one hand due to the presence of the suckers (17) and on the other hand due to the relative stiffness of the board or plastic of which the sheet material is made, which exerts pressure against the jaws and against the recessed region.
• the entire female part After the carousel (3) has performed a new rotation through one sixth of a revolution, the entire female part, thus provided with the cylindrical body of the package, undergoes a rotation in the vertical plane, for example through 180°, by means of a gear motor system (not shown) .
• the package consisting of the body of the package and its closure component, is presented with its upper end open to the filling station (not shown) .
• the fill ⁇ ng mater ⁇ al may be a pulverulent or nonpulverulent, or even liquid or pasty material and, if this material is confectionary, and more generally any fragile product, the rotation of the female part is not 180° but less, so as for the body of the package to be sloping to a greater or lesser degree, reducing the extent to which the product in question has to drop, and correspondingly reducing the risk of said product breaking or being partly damaged.
• the container formed by the package provided with its first closure component, and filled with product that it is intended to contain is conveyed to the next station (7) for a second closure component to be fitted, which operates in an ⁇ dent ⁇ cal manner to that descr ⁇ bed an relataon to fagure 5, and closes off the package.
• the stiffness of the body of the package can no longer be provided at this stage by the mandrel (18) considering that the latter has been retracted in order to allow effective filling of said package with products.
• This stiffness is provided by the body of the package being held an place by the jaws (15) in cooperation with the recessed region (12) of the female part of the shaping member (4), and is furthermore inherent in the relative stiffness of the board or plastic that makes up the sheet material, which exerts pressure against the jaws and against the recessed region. It should also be pointed out that the suckers (17), with which the recessed region (12) of the female part is provided, also contribute to preventing the body of the package from slipping while said second closure component is being fitted.
• this second closure component is necessarily fitted as shown in figure 6, that is to say the ring (56) is fastened to the internal face (57) of the body of the package.
• this second closure component may be fitted as depicted m figure 7.
• the station carrying the filled and sealed package is conveyed to an ejection area, the package being placed on a conveyor (10) which takes it to a temporary storage area or to a packing area .
• a conveyor 10 which takes it to a temporary storage area or to a packing area .
• the mandrel (18) and the female part of the shaping member are profiled according to the desired shape.
• the closure component fitted to the end of the body of the package having the smallest cross section is always fitted with the peripheral ring (56) fastened to the internal face (57) of said body.
• the positioning member (6) is used to fit the closure component at the end of said body having the smallest dimension and, after the mandrel (18) has been withdrawn, the positioning member (7) is used to fit the closure component at that end of the body having the largest dimension.
• the positioning member (6) is used to fit this closure component, the mandrel (18) then entirely filling said body.
• This mandrel is then withdrawn via that end of said body with the smallest dimension, by retracting the latter parallel to its axis of symmetry or of revolution, in such a way as to give it a compatible cross section over its entire height, and especially one less than the cross section of that end of the body of the package having the smallest dimension.
• the positioning member (7) is then used to fit the second closure component at this end with the smallest dimension.
• the sheet of flexible material constituting the body (58) of the package is brought up against the female part (4) of the shaping member, and especially up to the suckers (13) .
• the mandrel (18) whose shape corresponds to the desired shape of the final package, is brought up to the female part (4), the latter wrapping said sheet around the mandrel (18) by means of the jaws (15) .
• the ends of the sheet are welded together.
• the mandrel (18) is of approximately trapezoidal longitudinal section.
• the shape of the female part of the shaping member is matched to that of the mandrel.
• the package body (58) resulting therefrom therefore has two ends of circular section, but of different diameter, respectively an end arbitrarily called the upper end (60) with a small cross section and an end arbitrarily called the lower end (61), with a large cross section.
• a closure component (62) is attached to the upper end (60) .
• the mandrel (18) is slightly withdrawn from the body
• the mandrel (18) is then fully withdrawn and, thereafter, the female part (4) of the shaping member is rotated through 180°, which thus results in rotation through the same angle of the body of the package provided with its first closure component (62) (see figure 10) .
• the second closure component (63) is fitted (figure 12), this t me at what is called the lower end (61) of the package .
• the sheet of flexible material as not flat, rather at has one or more excrescences, for example of a decorative purpose, forming projections or reliefs relative to the plane that contains the sheet, said excrescences being obtained by any process, such as by thermoformmg.
• the recessed region (12) and/or the aws (15) are machined so as to allow said excrescences to be housed during the shaping step, without interfering with the actual shaping operation.
• a cavity is made within the internal wall of the recessed region (12) and/or of the aws (15) , with substantially standardized dimensions, greater than those of the possible excrescences, thus preventing any difficulty in terms of positioning the sheet when shaping it.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Making Paper Articles (AREA)
• Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
• Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
• Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
• Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
• Closing Of Containers (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2003
  • 2003-04-09 FR FR0304376A patent/FR2853583A1/fr active Pending
• 2004
  • 2004-04-08 WO PCT/EP2004/050488 patent/WO2004089611A2/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2004-04-08 PL PL04726519T patent/PL1617992T3/pl unknown
  • 2004-04-08 EA EA200501575A patent/EA007256B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-04-08 ES ES04726519T patent/ES2274445T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-04-08 MX MXPA05010843A patent/MXPA05010843A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-04-08 ZA ZA200508163A patent/ZA200508163B/en unknown
  • 2004-04-08 JP JP2006505539A patent/JP2006522694A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-04-08 BR BRPI0408823-9A patent/BRPI0408823A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-04-08 DK DK04726519T patent/DK1617992T3/da active
  • 2004-04-08 EP EP04726519A patent/EP1617992B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-04-08 CN CNA2004800095523A patent/CN1771121A/zh active Pending
  • 2004-04-08 AU AU2004228379A patent/AU2004228379A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-04-08 PT PT04726519T patent/PT1617992E/pt unknown
  • 2004-04-08 CA CA002521636A patent/CA2521636A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-04-08 AT AT04726519T patent/ATE340692T1/de active
  • 2004-04-08 DE DE602004002586T patent/DE602004002586T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2005
  • 2005-10-05 US US11/243,568 patent/US20060021298A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-10-07 TN TNP2005000259A patent/TNSN05259A1/fr unknown
  • 2005-10-14 MA MA28553A patent/MA27673A1/fr unknown
• 2006
  • 2006-12-22 CY CY20061101852T patent/CY1105884T1/el unknown

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