EP1604100B1 - Mehrsträngiges abgassystem mit mindestens einem messfühler, wabenkörper mit einer ausnehmung für mindestens ei nen messfühler und verfahren zum betrieb eines mehrsträ ngigen abgassystems - Google Patents

Mehrsträngiges abgassystem mit mindestens einem messfühler, wabenkörper mit einer ausnehmung für mindestens ei nen messfühler und verfahren zum betrieb eines mehrsträ ngigen abgassystems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1604100B1
EP1604100B1 EP04719378A EP04719378A EP1604100B1 EP 1604100 B1 EP1604100 B1 EP 1604100B1 EP 04719378 A EP04719378 A EP 04719378A EP 04719378 A EP04719378 A EP 04719378A EP 1604100 B1 EP1604100 B1 EP 1604100B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
exhaust
exhaust gas
honeycomb body
separating means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP04719378A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1604100A1 (de
Inventor
Rolf BRÜCK
Carsten Kruse
Bernhard Pfalzgraf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG, Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP1604100A1 publication Critical patent/EP1604100A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1604100B1 publication Critical patent/EP1604100B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-strand exhaust system with at least one sensor, a honeycomb body with recesses for at least one sensor and a method for operating a multi-strand exhaust system.
  • honeycomb bodies are predominantly used as catalyst carrier bodies which at least partially have cavities through which a fluid can flow.
  • honeycomb bodies are predominantly made of ceramic materials or metallic foils.
  • An early design for which the DE 29 02 779 A1 typical examples shows is the spiral design, in which essentially a smooth and a corrugated sheet metal layer piled up and spirally wound up.
  • the honeycomb body is constructed of a plurality of alternately arranged smooth and corrugated or differently corrugated sheet metal layers, wherein the sheet metal layers initially form one or more stacks, which are entwined with each other.
  • JP 7 063092 A describes a two-stranded exhaust system in which a catalyst is provided adjacent to each other in both exhaust lines. Upstream and downstream of these catalysts, a common oxygen sensor is positioned in the separation of the exhaust strands to detect the occurrence of differences in the oxygen-fuel ratio in the associated cylinder groups of the internal combustion engine.
  • Stricter limits especially in connection with the OBD2 concept (On Board Diagnosis 2), may in particular make it necessary to determine parameters of the exhaust gas before and after an exhaust gas conversion, in particular before and after a honeycomb body.
  • OBD2 concept On Board Diagnosis 2
  • the susceptibility of the system increases with the number of probes.
  • An exhaust system advantageously makes it possible to use a sensor to determine a parameter in two or more exhaust lines.
  • an exhaust gas system is operated at any given time, that is, it is charged with exhaust gas. Consequently, there is substantially no point in time when exhaust gas flows into more than one exhaust line. Due to the temporal resolution of the measured values of the measuring sensor which can be connected to a plurality of exhaust gas lines, this fact permits an exact assignment of the measured data supplied by the measuring sensor to the respective exhaust gas line.
  • the production of the exhaust system is easier because fewer shots for sensors, which also potential sources of error, for example, in terms of the tightness of the system to be formed must be formed. Further, reliability is increased not only in terms of the tightness of the system, but also in that fewer sensors need to be formed, thus reducing the risk of sensor failure in the aggregate with the same amount of data taken by the probes.
  • At least one honeycomb body is formed with a first end face, a second end face, and cavities in the at least two exhaust gas streams which are at least partially permeable to a fluid between them.
  • the honeycomb body is formed with at least two approximately gas-tight closed flow areas, wherein at least a first flow area with a first exhaust line and a second flow area is connected to a second exhaust line and the exhaust strands are separated by first separating means and the flow areas by second separating means.
  • This can be done, for example, by forming second separating means as additional components which run through the honeycomb body as a whole in the axial direction and thus ensure the separation of the flow regions.
  • concentric flow regions can be formed in which the second separating means constitute a cylindrical intermediate tube.
  • Another example is the construction of a honeycomb body of two semi-cylindrical half-shells whose flank is bounded by a wall. A separation of the flow areas without additional structural measures is possible, for example, by cooperation of suitable connection means with the honeycomb body in the form of a labyrinth seal.
  • the second separating means can also consist of the walls of the cavities themselves, if it is ensured by appropriate connection means that a kind of labyrinth seal is formed. This can, for example, by the formation of a slot in the end face of the honeycomb body in Ensuring interaction with a corresponding connection means.
  • At least one recess is formed for a sensor in the region of the second separating means, so that both an exhaust gas flowing in the first flow region and an exhaust gas flowing in the second flow region comes into contact with a measuring sensor introduced into the recess.
  • the at least one measuring sensor in the second separating means is preferably formed near an end face of the at least one honeycomb body.
  • An embodiment of at least one measuring sensor in the second separating means is advantageous because in a simple way the measuring sensor can be brought into contact with the exhaust gas in a plurality of exhaust gas streams.
  • the formation in the vicinity of an end face of the honeycomb body can be advantageously used to determine a characteristic of the exhaust gas substantially before and / or after the catalytic conversion.
  • At least one measuring sensor is formed in the first separating means, preferably near an end face of the at least one honeycomb body.
  • the first separating means may, for example, consist of a common wall in which a measuring sensor is inserted and which separates two or more exhaust gas strands. If only one honeycomb body is designed for a plurality of exhaust gas strands, it is advantageous to design the at least one measuring sensor in the vicinity of an end face of the honeycomb body, since it can be ensured here without major design complexity that the exhaust gas from a plurality of exhaust gas strands can be brought into contact with the measuring sensor ,
  • the at least one sensor is formed at a predeterminable minimum distance from an end face of the honeycomb body.
  • the parameter to be determined represents the concentration of a component of the exhaust gas to be stored in the honeycomb body, such as nitrogen oxide (NO x ), it is advantageous to have a predeterminable minimum distance between the at least one sensor and an end face, especially the gas outlet end face To provide honeycomb body. With an appropriate choice of the minimum distance can be ensured so that even if the sensor detects a predetermined minimum concentration of the exhaust gas component, it does not come to a breakthrough of this component by serving as a memory honeycomb body.
  • a component of the exhaust gas to be stored in the honeycomb body such as nitrogen oxide (NO x )
  • At least one sensor is a lambda probe.
  • At least one sensor is a nitrogen oxide (NO x ) -Konzentrationsssensor.
  • At least one sensor is a temperature sensor.
  • a first sensor is designed as a lambda probe and a second sensor as a temperature sensor.
  • the formation of combined sensors for example, operate as a lambda probe and simultaneously determine the NO x concentration and / or the temperature is possible and according to the invention.
  • the education of everyone else Sensor, which determine a characteristic of the exhaust gas is possible and according to the invention.
  • the exhaust system is a first sensor in the flow direction in front of the at least one honeycomb body in the first separating means or at a first distance from the first end face in the second separating means and a second sensor in the flow direction after the at least one honeycomb body in the first Separating means or formed at a second distance from the second end face in the second separating means.
  • the at least one sensor is a lambda ( ⁇ ) probe, a nitrogen oxide (NO x ) concentration sensor and / or a temperature sensor.
  • sensors near the gas inlet and near the gas outlet side are formed in corresponding recesses.
  • a method for operating a multi-stranded exhaust system of an internal combustion engine with at least two sensors for at least one characteristic of the exhaust gas at each measuring point is shown in which at least one sensor a characteristic of the exhaust gas is measured in at least two exhaust gas lines.
  • the oxygen / fuel ratio, the nitrogen oxide content and / or the temperature of the exhaust gas is determined.
  • the measurement data of the sensor can be assigned to an exhaust gas line.
  • From the operating data of the internal combustion engine can be easily determine the ignition timing of those cylinders whose exhaust gas is passed into a particular exhaust system, so that it is known at what times which exhaust gas is flowed through by exhaust gas.
  • the transit time of the exhaust gas to the sensor From the state data of the exhaust system, for example length and shape of the exhaust lines and the corresponding operating data of the internal combustion engine, the transit time of the exhaust gas to the sensor and thus also determine the time at which the exhaust gas of a particular exhaust line with the probe in contact, so that the data collected by the sensor can be assigned to this exhaust gas line.
  • the determination of the transit time can be carried out both empirically and analytically.
  • a sensor for determining a characteristic of the exhaust gas in two or more exhaust lines can be used in a simple manner.
  • Fig. 1 shows an end view of a honeycomb body according to the invention 1.
  • the honeycomb body 1 consists of a honeycomb structure 2, which is fixed in a jacket tube 3.
  • the honeycomb structure 2 is constructed from substantially smooth sheet metal layers 4 and structured sheet metal layers 5, which form passages 6 through which an exhaust gas can flow, such as Fig. 2 in detail shows.
  • the structured sheet metal layers 5 are not shown for clarity.
  • the honeycomb structure 2 is formed in the present embodiment by alternately stacking smooth sheet metal layers 4 and structured sheet metal layers 5 and then co-twisting two stacks.
  • any other design of a metallic or ceramic honeycomb body 1 is possible and according to the invention.
  • a first part 8 of a first separating means 9 is attached, which separates two exhaust gas strands 10, 11 from each other.
  • the first part 8 is designed in this embodiment as a sheet metal, which bears against the end face 7.
  • the honeycomb body 1 is divided into a first flow region 12 and a second flow region 13, which are part of different exhaust gas strands 10, 11 of an exhaust gas system.
  • the two flow areas 12, 13 are separated by second separating means 14, which in present embodiment are formed by the walls of the formed by the smooth sheet metal layers 4 and the structured sheet metal layers 5 channels 6, which lie behind the first part 8 of the first separating means 9.
  • the first part 8 Since the first part 8 is not consistently congruent with the walls of the respective channels 6, there may be minor leaks between the first flow region 12 and the second flow region 13, which are irrelevant, since in both flow regions 12, 13, a reaction of the exhaust gas takes place and thus it does not lead to losses of unreacted exhaust, so unwanted pollutant emissions.
  • the first end face 7 can be slotted in such a way that, in cooperation with the first part 8 of the first separating means 9 engaging in the latter, a kind of labyrinth seal is created.
  • a first measuring sensor 15 is formed which lies in the axial direction in front of the first end face 7 of the honeycomb body 1, such as Fig. 3 can be seen and thus upstream of the honeycomb body 1.
  • the first sensor 15 is thus both with exhaust gas flowing in the first exhaust line 10, as well as with exhaust gas flowing in the second exhaust line 11, in contact, so that a characteristic of the exhaust gas with only a sensor 15 in a plurality of exhaust gas lines 10, 11 can be determined before a catalytic conversion in the honeycomb body 1.
  • the assignment of the measurement data supplied by the sensor 15 to the exhaust gas lines 10, 11 takes place, for example, by knowing which exhaust gas line 10, 11 is being charged with exhaust gas at what time. From the operating data of the internal combustion engine, it is also possible to determine with which mean flow velocity the exhaust gas flows through the respective exhaust gas line 10, 11. However, since the length and the geometry of the exhaust strands 10, 11 are known, so is in a simple manner, the time at which the first sensor 15 receives data with the duration of the exhaust gas to the measuring point at which the first sensor 15 the Takes data, correlatable, so that in this way it is also known to which of the exhaust lines 10, 11 the data of the first sensor 15 can be assigned at a certain time.
  • FIG. 3 at least one second sensor 16 is formed, which is formed in the present example within the second separating means 14.
  • the second separating means 14 are shown only as a dashed line, to indicate that the second separating means in the present embodiment does not consist of a special additional component, but rather from the behind or between the first parts 8 of the first separating means 9 lying walls of the channels. 6
  • the formation of second separating means 14 as an additional component for example as a partition or separating pipe in concentric arrangement of the flow region 12, 13, also possible and according to the invention.
  • concentric second separating means and the at least one sensor 15, 16 have a circular cross-section.
  • the second measuring sensor 16 can also record data both from the first flow region 12, which is part of the first exhaust gas line 10, and from the second flow region 13, which is part of the second exhaust gas line 11.
  • the assignment of the data of the second sensor 16 to the exhaust line 10, 11 may be analogous to that described above for the first sensor 15 done, however, in the assignment of the data of both sensors 15, 16 to the exhaust lines 10, 11 also on other components such as Flow sensors or the like can be used.
  • the first measuring sensor 15 is formed in the first separating means 9 and the second measuring sensor 16 is formed in the second separating means 14. It is also possible and according to the invention, both sensors 15, 16 in the first separating means 9 or the second separating means 14, or the first sensor 15 in the second separating means 14 and the second sensor 16 in the first separating means 9 form. In the design of the or the sensor (s) 15, 16 in the first separating means 9, it is irrelevant whether this / these in the first part 8 or in the partition wall 17 between the exhaust gas lines 10, 11 is formed.
  • the measuring sensors 15, 16 may be, for example, lambda ( ⁇ ) probes, temperature sensors and / or nitrogen oxide (NO x ) concentration sensors. Each of the probes 15, 16 may also represent a combination of these and / or other sensors.
  • the honeycomb body 1 it may be necessary to form the honeycomb body 1 as a storage for one or more components of the exhaust gas, for example as regenerable NO x storage.
  • An inventive exhaust system has at least one sensor 15, 16 for determining at least one characteristic of the exhaust gas in two or more different exhaust lines 10, 11, so that the design effort to monitor the at least one parameter in several exhaust lines 10, 11 compared to the formation of a Measuring sensor 15, 16 in each exhaust line 10, 11 can be significantly reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
EP04719378A 2003-03-14 2004-03-11 Mehrsträngiges abgassystem mit mindestens einem messfühler, wabenkörper mit einer ausnehmung für mindestens ei nen messfühler und verfahren zum betrieb eines mehrsträ ngigen abgassystems Expired - Fee Related EP1604100B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10311235A DE10311235A1 (de) 2003-03-14 2003-03-14 Mehrsträngiges Abgassystem mit mindestens einem Messfühler, Wabenkörper mit einer Ausnehmung für mindestens einen Messfühler und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines mehrsträngigen Abgassystems
DE10311235 2003-03-14
PCT/EP2004/002489 WO2004081353A1 (de) 2003-03-14 2004-03-11 Mehrsträngiges abgassystem mit mindestens einem messfühler, wabenkörper mit einer ausnehmung für mindestens einen messfühler und verfahren zum betrieb eines mehrsträngigen abgassystems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1604100A1 EP1604100A1 (de) 2005-12-14
EP1604100B1 true EP1604100B1 (de) 2008-05-07

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EP04719378A Expired - Fee Related EP1604100B1 (de) 2003-03-14 2004-03-11 Mehrsträngiges abgassystem mit mindestens einem messfühler, wabenkörper mit einer ausnehmung für mindestens ei nen messfühler und verfahren zum betrieb eines mehrsträ ngigen abgassystems

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7721527B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1604100B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4427029B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100404811C (zh)
DE (2) DE10311235A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2305747T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2341664C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004081353A1 (zh)

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DE102005006262A1 (de) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-24 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Verfahren zur Positionierung eines Messfühlers in einem Wabenkörper, entsprechender Wabenkörper und Kraftfahrzeug
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RU2341664C2 (ru) 2008-12-20
DE10311235A1 (de) 2004-10-14
US7721527B2 (en) 2010-05-25
DE502004007055D1 (de) 2008-06-19
CN100404811C (zh) 2008-07-23
JP4427029B2 (ja) 2010-03-03
CN1788145A (zh) 2006-06-14
ES2305747T3 (es) 2008-11-01
RU2005131722A (ru) 2007-06-20
WO2004081353A1 (de) 2004-09-23
US20060039837A1 (en) 2006-02-23
EP1604100A1 (de) 2005-12-14

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