EP1586823B1 - Ceiling, in particular cooled or heated ceiling - Google Patents

Abstract

An air supply channel (30) is located in the intermediate space (21) between two tubes (20) extending in the ceiling panel length direction. The ceiling comprises a perforated panel (11), at least two tubes located on the top side of the panel for carrying a heat transport medium in thermal contact with the panel and at least one channel for supplying air located in between the two tubes. The perforations (14) in the panel form the inlet (31) and outlet for the air channel. The tubes are spaced apart in the ceiling panel width direction.

Description

The invention relates to a ceiling, in particular a cooling or heating blanket, which is provided with a perforated ceiling plate. The ceiling panel has an upper surface, a lower surface and a plurality of openings distributed at regular intervals over the base of the ceiling plate. The ceiling further comprises at least two tubes, which are flowed through by a heat-transporting medium and are on the top in a heat-conducting contact with the ceiling plate. Furthermore, the ceiling is provided with at least one air duct, which is permeated by supply air and having an inlet and an outlet formed by the openings. The tubes and the air passage extend in a longitudinal direction, the tubes being separated from each other in a transverse direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction by a gap.

Ventilation systems are used for the air-conditioning of buildings, which supply fresh air to a closed room and, depending on the desired room air condition, heat, cool, filter, humidify or dehumidify them. In addition to conventional air conditioning systems, which keep the air temperature and humidity in a room exclusively on the supply air to predetermined values, are increasingly encountered cooling and heating blankets, which produce a pleasant and draft-free room temperature without noise. The amount of supply air in such cases is limited to the need to maintain the standard of hygiene.

The reason for this is that with a cooling or heating blanket, the desired effect is primarily due to the radiation exchange between the cooled or heated ceiling surfaces and the room. In contrast, in conventional air conditioning systems, heat exchange is achieved mainly by forced convection, which can cause drowsiness in humans. In addition, cooling or electric blankets are characterized by low energy consumption and low maintenance and repair costs compared to conventional air conditioning systems. In addition to cooling or heating, cooling and heating blankets can usually also be used for interior design, light reflection or sound absorption.

A ceiling that can be used to cool or heat a room is used in the DE 43 08 502 A1 described. The ceiling is composed of a variety of ceiling elements, each of which is provided with a ceiling plate. The ceiling panel has a bottom facing the room and an upper side. On the top of the ceiling plate, the ceiling elements supply air is supplied, which flows through Zuluftdurchlässe in the room. The Zuluftdurchlässe, which are formed, for example, as an air flow directing swirl passage, are formed by recesses of the ceiling plate. The recesses reduce the active ceiling area for cooling or heating. In addition, the recesses are visible from the room and can disturb the appearance of the ceiling. The design of the Zuluftdurchlasses as an induction air outlet also causes a comparatively high exit velocity, which can cause contamination of the underside of the ceiling plate.

A cooling-heating ventilation module, which serves to heat, cool and ventilate rooms, is used in the DE 102 19 669 A1 described. The cooling-heating ventilation module has a transfer plate, are pressed into the tube profiles for receiving cooling and heating cables. The cooling-heating ventilation module also features a finned heat exchanger, an air distribution box, source air outlets and an air duct connection. The finned heat exchanger and the source air outlets formed by inserts in the transfer plate are disposed within the air distribution box. The air distribution box is located between two pipe profiles.

Furthermore, the disclosure DE 42 01 595 C2 a room cooling ceiling, which has a perforated ceiling plate. On the top of the ceiling plate are flowed through by a liquid cooling tubes. The cooling tubes are located in a pressure chamber in which there is a higher air pressure than in the space to be cooled. The pressure chamber is supplied with dried supply air which flows along the cooling tubes and in this way prevents a condensate from forming on the cooling tubes. The existing due to the perforation openings of the ceiling plate at the same time represent a passage through which the supply air flows into the room. The space cooling ceiling is associated with the disadvantage of a relatively complex assembly, resulting from the arrangement of the cooling tubes in the pressure chamber representing an air duct and the mutually tightly arranged ceiling panels. Another disadvantage is that such constructions are very difficult to access for subsequent maintenance in the ceiling cavity.

The invention has for its object to provide a cooling or heating blanket, which can be relatively easily assembled and disassembled at a relatively large active ceiling area.

To solve this problem is provided according to the invention in a ceiling with the features mentioned in accordance with claim 1, that the air channel is arranged in the intermediate space and the openings, which are located in the region of the air channel, form the outlet.

The ratio of the active ceiling area to the total area is relatively large in the inventive ceiling. This is due to the fact that the incoming air supplied to the air duct exits through the existing due to the perforation openings of the ceiling plate in a space located below the ceiling plate, so that it has a separate air passage, which affected both the active ceiling surface as well as the visual appearance of the ceiling , not needed. The inventive ceiling is further characterized by a relatively simple assembly and disassembly. The reason for this is primarily the arrangement of the air duct in the space between the tubes. The air duct and the pipes can be installed independently in this way. In addition, ceilings that have no outside air supply, such as those in the EP 0 849 541 B1 described heating or Cooling ceiling, retrofit at any time with the air duct with a relatively small effort to realize a ventilation.

Advantageous embodiments of the inventive cover are defined in claims 2 to 16.

Thus, with regard to a compact and lightweight design, it is advantageous if the air duct is U-shaped in cross-section and has a first leg section, a second leg section and a base section interconnecting the first leg section and the second leg section.

It is also advantageous to arrange a perforated baffle in the air duct which preferably extends parallel to the base section. The baffle subdividing the air duct into at least two regions contributes to the uniform distribution of the air in the air duct and to the creation of an overpressure in the air duct, which generates a source air-like flow characteristic of the air flowing through the openings into the space below the ceiling slab Causes air.

In a preferred embodiment of the cover according to the invention, the base section is provided with an opening forming the inlet, which connects the air channel with a distribution box, which preferably extends in the transverse direction. The distribution box makes it possible to arrange a large number of air ducts on the ceiling panel. If, for example, a plurality of air ducts are arranged parallel to one another, then a strip-shaped air outlet pattern can be produced, which contributes to a stable air flow, especially when the temperature of the supply air is below the room temperature and the flow speed is relatively low.

Advantageously, the distribution box is provided with a conical end piece which is connected to the opening forming the inlet. The conical On the one hand, an airtight connection between the distributor box and the air ducts is guaranteed. On the other hand, the conical end piece contributes to easy assembly by allowing the distribution box to be plugged onto the air ducts.

Optionally, the distribution box can be provided in an advantageous manner with a sound-absorbing lining, which ensures a low-noise distribution of the supply air to the air ducts.

In a preferred embodiment of the inventive ceiling, the ceiling plate has a free hole cross-sectional area, the proportion of the total area of the ceiling plate is between 10 percent and 30 percent. The perforation of the ceiling tile usually serves to improve the room acoustics by absorbing sound. In the ceiling according to the invention, however, the free hole cross-sectional area formed in the ceiling plate is also used as a passage for the supply air.

Preferably, the ceiling panel has a width in the longitudinal direction and the air duct in the longitudinal direction has a length, wherein the ratio of width to length is between 1.0 and 2.0. The length of the air duct depends primarily on the desired volume flow and the number of air channels. Thus, the length of the air duct at a flow rate of 50 m ³ / h and a total of two air ducts, for example, be 1000 mm.

Advantageously, the tubes are mounted on thermally conductive rails. The heat-conducting rails ensure reliable heat transfer from the pipes to the ceiling slab. In addition, the heat-conducting rails contribute to an easy assembly and disassembly. In this connection, it has also proven to be advantageous if the rails are provided with at least one longitudinally extending side wall which is adjacent to the air duct in the transverse direction. In addition, the rails are conveniently by at least one in the transverse direction extending crossbar interconnected. The crossbar, which is attached, for example, on the side wall of the rails, it makes it easier to the rails and thus formed by the rails and tubes pipe register at regular intervals, in particular equidistantly, and distribute the loads occurring evenly on the longitudinal edges of the ceiling panel.

If a large number of tubes is provided, it is expedient to arrange them in a meandering form on the top side of the ceiling plate.

It is also expedient if the ceiling plate consists of steel or aluminum sheet, plasterboard or a composite material. The ceiling can be designed in this way, for example, as a sheet metal ceiling, panel ceiling, seamless ceiling, custom design ceiling or as a ceiling canopy.

Advantageously, the openings on the top and / or the underside of the ceiling slab are covered with an air-permeable non-woven fabric to additionally achieve a sound-absorbing effect in the room.

Preferably, similar openings are provided, which preferably have the shape of a round hole, square hole, triangular hole, diamond hole or slot.

To realize a modular design, the ceiling is advantageously composed of a plurality of ceiling elements, which are arranged adjacent to each other in the transverse direction and / or in the longitudinal direction.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Decke;

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt gemäss der Linie II-II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt gemäss der Linie III-III in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf eine Deckenplatte der Decke gemäss Fig. 1 und

Fig. 5

eine Darstellung des sich ergebenden Strömungsprofils.

Details and further advantages of the inventive cover will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment. In the drawings, which only schematically illustrate the exemplary embodiment, illustrate in detail:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a ceiling;

Fig. 2

a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

a section along the line III-III in Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 4

a plan view of a ceiling tile according to the ceiling Fig. 1 and

Fig. 5

a representation of the resulting flow profile.

In the Fig. 1 shown ceiling is used as a cooling ceiling or as an electric blanket. The ceiling is composed of a plurality of ceiling elements 10, which are arranged in a longitudinal direction x and in a transverse direction y adjacent to each other and ensure a modular design of the ceiling. The ceiling elements 10 are each provided with a perforated ceiling plate 11 having an upper side 12, a bottom 13 facing a space to be cooled or heated and a plurality of openings 14 formed by the perforation. The openings may be covered for acoustic reasons on the top 12 or the bottom 13 with an air-permeable nonwoven fabric. The ceiling plate 11, for example, made of a perforated steel or aluminum sheet is further provided with a beaded side edge 15, which facilitates a Aneinanderetzen the ceiling elements 10, provided, in particular from Fig. 4 is apparent.

On the upper side 12 of the ceiling plate 11, a plurality of tubes 20, which are flowed through by a heat-transporting medium, for example water, arranged in a meandering shape. Depending on the application, the tubes 20 may also be arranged in a Doppelmäanderform or another form. In particular Fig. 2 can be seen, the tubes 20 are mounted on thermally conductive rails 22 which are in heat-conductive contact with the ceiling plate 11. The rails 22 are U-shaped in cross-section and have two side walls 23 which extend in the longitudinal direction x. The side walls 23 are through a in the transverse direction y extending cross-beam 24 connected to each other. The cross-beam is provided with a plurality of projections 25, which make it possible aufzustecken the cross-beam 24 on the side walls 23. Due to an equidistant arrangement of the projections 25, the rails 22 and thus the tubes 20 can be arranged on the ceiling plate 11 in a predetermined pattern in which the rails 22 are separated from each other in the transverse direction y by a gap 21.

How the particular Fig. 1 and 2 indicate, in the intermediate spaces 21 between the rails 22 each have an air duct 30 is arranged, which extends in the longitudinal direction x and is flowed through by supply air. The air channel 30 is U-shaped in cross-section and has a first leg portion 32, a second leg portion 33 and a base portion 34 interconnecting the first leg portion 32 and the second leg portion 33. The side walls representing leg portions 32, 33 adjoin the rails 22 in the transverse direction y. The base portion 34 is provided with an opening forming an inlet 31 for the supply air. The inlet 31 is connected to a distribution box 36 which extends in the transverse direction y and is provided with a conical end piece which projects into the opening forming the inlet 31. The distribution box 36 is provided with a sound-absorbing lining and has a standardized for example DN 80 port 37, through which the supply air is supplied to the distribution box 36 on.

Inside the air channels 30, a perforated baffle 35 is arranged, which extends parallel to the base portion 34. The baffle 35 divides the air ducts 30 into an upper area and a lower area and ensures that the supply air supplied from the distribution box 36 to the air ducts 30 is distributed uniformly in the longitudinal direction x. The supply air flows from the upper portion through the perforated baffle 35 in the lower region of the air channel 30 and then enters through the one outlet forming openings 14 of the ceiling plate 11 in the below the ceiling plate 11 located space. The free cross-sectional area of the ceiling plate 11 is dimensioned so that the openings 14 have a share of the total area of the ceiling panel between 10 percent and 30 percent. In this way, a specific volume flow between 30 m ³ / h per m ² and 90 m ³ / h per m ² ceiling surface can be realized at a relatively low sound pressure level of about 30 db (A). The amount of supply air supplied to the room depends primarily on the length I of the air ducts 30 in the longitudinal direction x and the number of air ducts 30. As in particular from Fig. 3 it can be seen, the ratio of the width w of the ceiling plate 11 in the longitudinal direction x to the length I of the air ducts 30 in the present case is almost 1: 1, that is, the air ducts 30 extend almost over the entire width w of the ceiling plate 11. Is the Length I, for example 800 mm, so can be achieved with a total of four air channels 30 and a proportion of the free cross-sectional area of about 16 percent, a flow rate of 90 m ³ / h. If less air is needed, either the number of rails 22 can be reduced or their length can be made shorter.

The ceiling described above is characterized by a relatively simple assembly and disassembly. This is mainly because the air channels 30 are arranged in the intermediate space 21 between the rails 22 and can be installed in this way independently of the rails 22 and the tubes 20. The depending on the temperature of the medium flowing through the tubes 20, both as a cooling ceiling and as an electric blanket usable ceiling has a relatively large active ceiling area, since the openings 14 of the ceiling plate 11 form the outlet for the supply air, so that separate air outlets, which the active ceiling surface and the visual appearance of the ceiling impaired, are unnecessary. The baffle plate 35 contributes to the fact that the supply air emerging through the openings 14 over the length 1 of the air channel 30 is evenly distributed and results in a relatively low flow velocity with source air-like flow characteristics, as shown

Fig. 5 is apparent. To a zugluftfreien room ventilation also contributes to the parallel arrangement of the air ducts 30, which, in particular the Fig. 4 and 5 to detect, generates a strip-shaped air outlet pattern 16, which ensures a stable flow of air even if the supply air has a lower temperature than the air in the room.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

ceiling element

11

ceiling tile

12

top

13

bottom

14

Openings / outlet

15

margin

16

Air flow patterns

20

Tube

21

gap

22

rail

23

Side wall

24

crossbeam

25

head Start

30

air duct

31

inlet

32

first leg section

33

second leg section

34

base section

35

baffle

36

distribution box

37

connection

I

length

w

width

x

longitudinal direction

y

transversely

Claims (16)

1. A ceiling, in particular a cooling or a heating ceiling, comprising:

   a perforated ceiling panel (11) including a top surface (12), a bottom surface (13), and a plurality of openings (14) uniformly spaced across the base area of the ceiling panel (11);

   at least two tubes (20), through which a heat-carrying medium can flow and which, on the top surface (12), are in heat-conducting contact with the ceiling panel (11), and

   at least one air duct (30), through which intake air can flow, and an inlet (31) and an outlet formed by the openings (14);

   wherein the tubes (20) and the air duct (30) extend in a longitudinal direction (x),
   wherein the tubes (20) are separated from each other by a space (21) in a transverse direction (y) orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (x), and
   wherein the air duct (30) is arranged in the space (21) and the openings (14) present in the area of the air duct (30) form the outlet.
2. The ceiling according to claim 1, characterised in that the air duct (30) has a U-shaped cross-section and has a first leg section (32), a second leg section (33), and a base section (34) connecting the first leg section (32) and the second leg section (33).
3. The ceiling according to claim 2, characterised in that a perforated baffle plate (35) is arranged in the air duct (30) and extends parallel to the base section (34).
4. The ceiling according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the base section (34) is provided with an opening forming the inlet (31), which connects the air duct (30) to a manifold box (36) preferably extending in the transverse direction (y).
5. The ceiling according to claim 4, characterised in that the manifold box (36) is provided with a conical extension, which is connected to the opening forming the inlet (31).
6. The ceiling according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the manifold box (36) can be provided with a sound absorbing lining.
7. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the ceiling panel (11) has a free cross-sectional area, which is a percentage of between 10% and 30% of the overall surface area of the ceiling panel (11).
8. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the ceiling panel (11) has a width (w) in the longitudinal direction (x) and the air duct (30) has a length (I), wherein the ratio of the width (w) to the length (I) is between 1.0 and 2.0.
9. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the tubes (20) are fixed on heat-conducting rails (22).
10. The ceiling according to claim 9, characterised in that the rails (22) are provided with at least one side wall (23), which extends in the longitudinal direction (x) and is adjacent to the air duct (30) in the transverse direction (y).
11. The ceiling according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the rails (22) are connected with each other by a transverse brace (24) extending in the transverse direction (y).
12. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised by a plurality of tubes (20) arranged in a meandering fashion on the top surface (12) of the ceiling panel (11).
13. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the ceiling panel (11) is made of steel or aluminium sheeting, plaster board or another composite material.
14. The ceiling according to any one of the claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the openings (14) on the top surface (12) and/or the bottom surface (13) of the ceiling panel (11) are covered by an air-permeable nonwoven material.
15. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that it has openings (14) of the same kind, preferably having the shape of a round hole, a square hole, a triangular hole, a diamond-shaped hole or an elongate hole.
16. The ceiling according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterised by a plurality of ceiling elements (10) arranged adjacent to each other in the transverse direction (y) and/or in the longitudinal direction (x).

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