EP1583176A1 - Reflektorantenne mit einer 3D Wellenformerstrukture für mehrere Frequenzbereiche - Google Patents

Reflektorantenne mit einer 3D Wellenformerstrukture für mehrere Frequenzbereiche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1583176A1
EP1583176A1 EP05290679A EP05290679A EP1583176A1 EP 1583176 A1 EP1583176 A1 EP 1583176A1 EP 05290679 A EP05290679 A EP 05290679A EP 05290679 A EP05290679 A EP 05290679A EP 1583176 A1 EP1583176 A1 EP 1583176A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna according
reflector
concentric
band
front face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05290679A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1583176B1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Judasz
Jean-François David
Jacques Maurel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel SA
Nokia Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel SA, Nokia Inc filed Critical Alcatel SA
Publication of EP1583176A1 publication Critical patent/EP1583176A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1583176B1 publication Critical patent/EP1583176B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/195—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0033—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective used for beam splitting or combining, e.g. acting as a quasi-optical multiplexer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of reflector antennas microwaves (or RF), and more particularly the reflector antennas for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves belonging to at least two frequency bands.
  • frequency band (s) a band comprising at least one frequency.
  • a reflector antenna of the aforementioned type, comprises in particular a reflector responsible for reflecting the electromagnetic waves it receives either from a local source when they are destined for a remote collector, either from a remote source when they are destined for a local collector. It is recalled that an antenna may include one or more local sources, one or more local collectors or one or more sources local and one or more local collectors, possibly confused.
  • Some applications such as applications spatial constraints impose specific constraints on embedded antennas.
  • some telecommunications satellites are intended for transmit and receive several beams (or "brushes").
  • An intermediate solution is to achieve what the skilled person calls a "colorful mosaic of sources".
  • This solution consists of spread, for example on three or four transmission antennas and three or four receiving antennas, sources to be initially close, so as to free up space for each source.
  • Each antenna is then dedicated to a single color or frequency. However, the number antennas remains high (it is for example equal to 6 or 8).
  • the size of the reflector defines the size of the beam and his gain.
  • an antenna comprising a reflector whose front face is subdivided into a first part "Central”, responsible for reflecting beams of waves at first and second frequencies, and a second "peripheral” part, surrounding the first and responsible for selectively reflecting only the frequency the lower of the two, while diffracting or out of phase Destructive as much as possible the highest frequency.
  • Extensions radials of the two parts are chosen so that the electrical dimension of the reflector (in terms of number of wavelengths) is substantially the same for both frequencies, and therefore the widths of both reflected beams are substantially equal.
  • R is the radius of the antenna and is used all antenna (reflector) at 20 GHz, ie R, only 2R / 3 is used at 30 GHz to obtain beams of the same size at both frequencies.
  • each band has a transverse section rectangular to introduce a destructive phase shift of 180 ° between the waves reflected on the top of the bands and those reflected in the interband space.
  • each band has a cross section in the form of a sawtooth so as to diffract in all directions the waves with the greatest frequency.
  • the first embodiment can produce the result expected (destruction by destructive phase shift), it is imperative that the profile rectangular of the network is rigorously respected.
  • the second embodiment can produce the desired result (diffraction in all directions), it is imperative that the tapered sawtooth profile (right triangle) of the network is rigorously respected.
  • the technique used to make the electrical dimension of the reflector is substantially the same for both frequencies, induces a broadening of the main lobe of the antenna pattern for the larger frequencies, without specific and / or precise action on the lobes secondary (or lateral), so that the level of the latter is high, while the quality of the main beam, associated with the main lobe, is low, and that the aggregate isolation parameter (C / I) between beams of the same frequency is low.
  • this technique causing the deletion or diffraction of a part of the signal, significantly reduces the energy efficiency of the antenna.
  • a multifrequency reflector antenna having a reflector provided with a front face responsible for reflecting electromagnetic wave bundles belonging to at least two bands of different frequency (s).
  • This antenna is characterized by the fact that the front of its reflector comprises, preferably over its entire surface, a structure defining a three-dimensional (3D) pattern with symmetry of revolution (or rotation), chosen to shape the beams so that they have radiofrequency (RF) characteristics substantially identical.
  • 3D three-dimensional
  • RF radiofrequency
  • the beams are shaped to present characteristics substantially identical radio frequencies.
  • the three-dimensional pattern may consist of concentric bands protruding or recessed having radius leading edges (or curvature) of between about 1 mm and about 200 mm, and preferably between about 10 mm and about 40 mm.
  • each concentric band can extend over a chosen width, fixed or variable, and on a chosen height, fixed or variable, and the different concentric bands can be spaced any of the others of a constant or variable step.
  • the antenna When the antenna is dedicated to transmitting and receiving, it comprises at least one source delivering a first wave beam electromagnetic transmitters belonging to a first band of frequency (s), and at least one collector, possibly confused with the source, and responsible for collecting a second beam, belonging to a second frequency band (s).
  • the reflector is arranged way of transmitting the first beam from the source, after reflection and formatting by its front, and to receive a beam of electromagnetic waves belonging to the second band of frequency (s), to transmit it to the collector in the form of the second beam after reflection and shaping by its front face.
  • the antenna When the antenna is dedicated to the only transmission, it includes at least one source of beams to be transmitted.
  • the reflector is arranged to transmit the beams of waves electromagnetic devices belonging to at least two frequency bands different and from the source, after reflection and formatting by his front face.
  • the three-dimensional pattern is chosen according to the diagram transmission of the source.
  • the antenna When the antenna is dedicated to reception only, it includes less a beam collector.
  • the reflector is arranged to receive the beams of electromagnetic waves belonging to at least two frequency bands, to transmit them to the collector after reflection and formatting by its front.
  • the structure can either be attached to the front face, or integral part of the front face.
  • the invention is particularly well adapted, although in a non in the field of space telecommunications, particularly in the field of the Ka band (17.7 to 31 GHz).
  • the object of the invention is to allow the shaping of beams by a reflector of a multifrequency antenna, possibly multibeam type preference.
  • the invention relates to all types of reflector antenna multi-frequencies, on-board or terrestrial, working in the field of microwaves, especially those above Gigahertz (GHz), and above particularly those belonging to the Ka band (17.7 GHz to 31 GHz).
  • GHz Gigahertz
  • the antennas are loaded on telecommunications satellites and operate in the Ka band.
  • the AR reflector antenna is, for example, exclusively dedicated to the transmission of electromagnetic waves in two bands of frequencies centered on the 20 GHz and 30 GHz values.
  • the following is taken to mean the first frequency band at its central value 20 GHz and the second frequency band at its value central 30 GHz.
  • the antenna could be dedicated either exclusively to the reception of electromagnetic wave beams belonging to at least two frequency bands, or both to the transmission of electromagnetic waves having at least one frequency and to receiving electromagnetic waves having at least one other frequency.
  • the invention relates to at least two-band frequency applications.
  • the AR multifrequency reflecting antenna illustrated comprises a source S feeding a reflector R in electromagnetic waves having the first (20 GHz) and second (30 GHz) frequencies. Any type of efficient source known to those skilled in the art can be used for this purpose.
  • the reflector R comprises a rigid shell, here secured to an arm deployment or the structure of the spacecraft (here a satellite).
  • This rigid shell which will be discussed later, has a front face FA intended to reflect the electromagnetic waves, delivered by the source S according to his transmission diagrams, in the form of first and second beams directed to the same land area.
  • the front face FA of the reflector R comprises a ST structure which defines a three-dimensional (3D) pattern with symmetry of revolution (or rotation). This 3D pattern is chosen to shape the two beams so that they exhibit radio frequency (RF) characteristics substantially identical.
  • 3D three-dimensional
  • radio frequency characteristics the electromagnetic characteristics, such as the width of beam (or beam width), which characterizes the directivity of the antenna, and / or the electromagnetic radiation diagram, such as the energy distribution in a transverse plane (main lobe and lobes side (or lateral)), as well as eventually the weakening (or “roll” off ").
  • beams of 20 and 30 GHz may have a width between about 0.5 ° and 1 ° (which corresponds to a large antenna) directivity).
  • the diameter of the AR reflector antenna is included between about 1500 mm and about 1600 mm, for example about 1560 mm.
  • the invention also applies to more beams wide, even much wider, but also thinner.
  • the 3D pattern is calculated using a computer, taking into account the geometric characteristics desired for the two beams.
  • the calculation can also take into account the transmission diagrams of source S for each of the first (here 20 GHz) and second (here 30 GHz) frequencies. This makes it possible, advantageously, to correct at least partially the imperfections of the transmission diagrams (but also those of reception when the antenna operates in reception or transmission / reception), as well as improvements not taken into account.
  • the calculation of the 3D pattern allowing the shaping of the two beams can be done in two steps: a first step of solving a two-dimensional (2D) antenna illumination problem, then a second step of generalizing the problem to a 3D illumination.
  • C T C S * C R , where C T is the total current distribution (i.e., the inverse transform of the desired far field ), C S is the contribution of the source S in amplitude and phase at the reflector R, and C R is the contribution of the reflector R to the amplitude and the phase of the total current (for example the induced phase change by a change of shape of the reflector).
  • C S C T / C S.
  • This function C R for example has the form of a truncated cosine having a maximum in the center of the reflector, then decreasing, then passing through zero, then becoming negative.
  • the 30 GHz wave meets a 3 ⁇ / 4 section, it is reflected and is out of phase with 3 ⁇ / 2 or 180 ° compared to the neighboring section, if although it is in phase with the neighboring section.
  • the fineness or precision of the integral is proportional to the width sections.
  • a simple three-dimensional generalization (by first-order symmetry of revolution) then makes it possible to obtain the shape of the 3D pattern (and therefore of the reflector R) which makes it possible to obtain the desired total current distribution C T.
  • the main purpose of the 3D pattern is thus to modify the phase diagram of the reflector R, or in other words to introduce an offset pattern, with respect to a reference parabola, with symmetry of revolution (or rotation), relative to the standard form of said reflector R, for example parabolic.
  • the 3D pattern is preferably in the form of concentric strips BC (or “Crowns”) 3D protruding or recessed. It is important to note that these concentric bands BC may, in some situations, not be continuous 360 °. They may indeed have areas in which they are interrupted. However, the shape of a band concentric BC, that is to say its cross section, is constant (outside possible interruption zones).
  • FIGS. 6, Three partial examples of 3D patterns are illustrated in FIGS. 6, in cross-sectional views.
  • the illustrated example FIG. 4 corresponds to a projecting symmetrical 3D pattern, in which the concentric bands BC are all identical (width d1 constant and height h constant) and spaced at a constant pitch d2.
  • the width d1 and step d2 can be constant, and the height h can vary from one concentric band BC to another.
  • FIG. 5 corresponds to a protruding 3D pattern, in which certain concentric bands BC have shapes different and irregular spacings.
  • a band concentric BC may have a width d1
  • another band concentric BC may have a width d3
  • yet another band concentric BC may have a width d5.
  • spacing between neighboring concentric bands is preferentially variable (here, the spacing d2 is smaller than the spacing d4), and the height h varies preferentially from one concentric band BC to the other.
  • the example illustrated in FIG. 6 also corresponds to a 3D pattern in which all concentric bands BC have different shapes and irregular spacings.
  • a band concentric BC may have a width d2
  • another band concentric BC may have a width d4
  • yet another band concentric BC may have a width d6.
  • spacing between neighboring concentric bands varies (here d1d3d5d7), and the height h varies preferentially from one concentric band BC to another.
  • the height h is equal to about 7.5 mm, and the widths and spacings di are between about 80 mm and 400 mm.
  • the bands concentric BC of the 3D pattern preferentially have edges BA rounded nose with radius of gyration (or curvature) between about 1 mm and about 200 mm, and more preferably between about 10 mm and about 40 mm.
  • a control thermal reflector R can be classically obtained by means of a radome placed on its front face FA and thermal insulation, in technology SLI (for Single Layer Insulation) or in MLI technology (for "Multiple Layer Insulation”) multiple), for example a Kapton leaf or laminate, placed on its face back. Alternatively, one can only provide a thermal insulation on the back side.
  • FIG. 8 shows in a cross-sectional view, an example of a 3D pattern portion in which the concentric strips BC have a transverse section of the type of that illustrated in FIG. i.e. with rounded BA leading edges.
  • the 3D pattern extends over the entire front face FA of the reflector R, as shown in the diagram of Figure 9, but it can also extend only on part of the front face FA of the reflector R, and in this case there is little or no concentric band BC in the zone as shown in the diagram in Figure 10.
  • These two diagrams represent, in a planar projection, the positions of the different BC concentric bands (which are here transformed into lines of projection) relative to the center of the reflector R.
  • the axis of The abscissa is graduated from 1 to 201, and materializes 200 points between center and the edge of the reflector R.
  • the ordinate axis shows the height h (in mm) concentric strips BC, for example about 7.5 mm.
  • the ST structure, defining the 3D pattern can be either reported on the front face FA of the reflector R, be an integral part of this one.
  • the structure ST consists of several BC concentric band groups reported on the front face FA of the reflector shell R. In this case, each group is made using a specific mold, then reported, by example by gluing, on the front face FA of the hull of the reflector R.
  • the ST structure is part of integral part of the reflector shell R.
  • the mold allowing the elaboration of the shell, therefore comprises the negative imprint of the ST structure.
  • the 3D pattern is therefore manufactured at the same time as the shell, by cooking, by example at 180 ° C (the temperature of course depends on the type of resin used).
  • Such molds can be made using technology machining so-called 5D.
  • the hull can be made with a spacer of constant thickness or not.
  • the ST structure also makes part of the hull of the reflector R.
  • the front face FA and the back AR have the 3D pattern.
  • This embodiment of the Reflector shell R facilitates its development, especially in series by molding or by hot stamping (between a punch and a counterpunch), or by any other technique. It is important to note that only the front face FA is functional.
  • the reflector according to the invention can be installed in the same way as any reflector traditional.
  • the reflector R in a view in cross-section, the reflector R, of cellular type in so-called “Thick shell", sandwich concept, is mounted on an arm of BD deployment connected to a satellite platform.
  • the reflector R cell type technology called “shell thin stiffened ", sandwich concept, is mounted on a rigid structure SR of satellite, for example by means of L-shaped clips.
  • a rigid structure SR of satellite for example by means of L-shaped clips.
  • the reflector in a sectional view transverse, is mounted on a rigid structure So-called monolithic SR, consisting of a single element or an assembly monolithic elements, for example by means of L-shaped clips, possibly glued.
  • monolithic SR consisting of a single element or an assembly monolithic elements, for example by means of L-shaped clips, possibly glued.
  • Such an arrangement also offers good holding mechanical and good dimensional stability.
  • the multifrequency reflector antenna according to the invention offers many advantages compared to antennas of the prior art.
  • the invention is not limited to antenna embodiments multifrequency reflector described above, only as an example, but it encompasses all the variants that can be envisaged by those skilled in the art in the scope of the claims below.
  • the invention relates to any reflector antenna provided with a structure defining a three-dimensional pattern with symmetry of revolution and with rounded and "soft" leading edges.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP05290679A 2004-04-02 2005-03-25 Reflektorantenne mit einer 3D Wellenformerstruktur für mehrere Frequenzbereiche Expired - Lifetime EP1583176B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450662A FR2868611B1 (fr) 2004-04-02 2004-04-02 Antenne reflecteur a structure 3d de mise en forme de faisceaux d'ondes appartenant a des bandes de frequences differentes
FR0450662 2004-04-02

Publications (2)

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EP1583176A1 true EP1583176A1 (de) 2005-10-05
EP1583176B1 EP1583176B1 (de) 2008-03-05

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EP05290679A Expired - Lifetime EP1583176B1 (de) 2004-04-02 2005-03-25 Reflektorantenne mit einer 3D Wellenformerstruktur für mehrere Frequenzbereiche

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US (1) US7280086B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1583176B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE388502T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2500990C (de)
DE (1) DE602005005098T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2302149T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2868611B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009032418A2 (en) 2007-08-28 2009-03-12 Cryovac, Inc. Multilayer film having passive and active oxygen barrier layers

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9343815B2 (en) * 2013-06-28 2016-05-17 Associated Universities, Inc. Randomized surface reflector
EP3547451B1 (de) * 2016-12-13 2021-09-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Reflexionsspiegelantennenvorrichtung
US10723299B2 (en) * 2017-05-18 2020-07-28 Srg Global Inc. Vehicle body components comprising retroreflectors and their methods of manufacture
US20180337460A1 (en) * 2017-05-18 2018-11-22 Srg Global Inc. Vehicle body components comprising retroreflectors and their methods of manufacture
FR3086105B1 (fr) * 2018-09-13 2020-09-04 Thales Sa Panneau reseau reflecteur radiofrequence pour antenne de satellite et reseau refecteur radiofrequence pour antenne de satellite comprenant au moins un tel panneau

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1020953A2 (de) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-19 TRW Inc. Mehrkeulenantenne mit frequenzselektiven oder polarisationsempfindlichen Zonen
EP1083625A2 (de) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-14 TRW Inc. Frequenzselektiver Reflektor
US20040036661A1 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-26 Hanlin John Joseph Dual band satellite communications antenna feed

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JP3326935B2 (ja) * 1993-12-27 2002-09-24 株式会社日立製作所 携帯無線機用小型アンテナ
US7065379B1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2006-06-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Portable radio terminal equipment having conductor for preventing radiation loss

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1020953A2 (de) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-19 TRW Inc. Mehrkeulenantenne mit frequenzselektiven oder polarisationsempfindlichen Zonen
EP1083625A2 (de) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-14 TRW Inc. Frequenzselektiver Reflektor
US20040036661A1 (en) * 2002-08-22 2004-02-26 Hanlin John Joseph Dual band satellite communications antenna feed

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
UENO K ET AL: "Characteristics of frequency selective surfaces for a multi-band communication satellite", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING. 1991. VENUE AND EXACT DATE NOT SHOWN, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, vol. VOL. 2, 24 June 1991 (1991-06-24), pages 735 - 738, XP010050653, ISBN: 0-7803-0144-7 *
WU T K ET AL: "Multi-ring element FSS for multi-band applications", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSIS). CHICAGO, JULY 20 - 24, 1992, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, vol. VOL. 2, 18 July 1992 (1992-07-18), pages 1775 - 1778, XP010066047, ISBN: 0-7803-0730-5 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009032418A2 (en) 2007-08-28 2009-03-12 Cryovac, Inc. Multilayer film having passive and active oxygen barrier layers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2500990A1 (fr) 2005-10-02
ATE388502T1 (de) 2008-03-15
FR2868611A1 (fr) 2005-10-07
EP1583176B1 (de) 2008-03-05
FR2868611B1 (fr) 2006-07-21
ES2302149T3 (es) 2008-07-01
US7280086B2 (en) 2007-10-09
CA2500990C (fr) 2016-05-17
US20050219146A1 (en) 2005-10-06
DE602005005098D1 (de) 2008-04-17
DE602005005098T2 (de) 2009-03-26

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