EP1580779B1 - Kontakt aus Verbundwerkstoff, Vakuumschalter und Herstellungsverfahren des Kontaktes - Google Patents

Kontakt aus Verbundwerkstoff, Vakuumschalter und Herstellungsverfahren des Kontaktes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1580779B1
EP1580779B1 EP20050102282 EP05102282A EP1580779B1 EP 1580779 B1 EP1580779 B1 EP 1580779B1 EP 20050102282 EP20050102282 EP 20050102282 EP 05102282 A EP05102282 A EP 05102282A EP 1580779 B1 EP1580779 B1 EP 1580779B1
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Prior art keywords
layer
contact
powder
mixture
layers
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French (fr)
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EP1580779A1 (de
Inventor
Tsutomu Okutomi
Takashi Kusano
Mitsutaka Homma
Atsushi Yamamoto
Tsuneyo Seki
Kiyoshi Osabe
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr

Definitions

  • Patent Document 8 a contact in which a 10 to 33% Cu-W alloy layer (area 1) is an arced face, and a 35 to 75% Cu-W alloy layer (area 2) is a contact or a joined face with the conductive shaft, and the area 1 and area 2 are united with each other, and the area 1 has a thickness of at least 0.3 mm, and the area 2 has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm is proposed.
  • the Cu-Cr alloy is widely used as a contact that Cr itself has almost the same vapor pressure characteristic as that of Cu and the high voltage and large current interruption characteristic can be made consistent with each other by a strong gas getter operation.
  • Cr having a high activity is used, during manufacture of a contact material (the sintering process, etc.) and during processing of a contact material to a contact piece, selection of raw material powder, mixing of impurities, and control of the atmosphere are taken into consideration.
  • a contact in which the large current interruption characteristic and contact resistance characteristic of the vacuum valve are improved more is desired.
  • Patent Document 6 similarly to the aforementioned, an arc-proof component exists in any of a plurality of layers and the temperature rise as a whole of the contact cannot be reduced sufficiently.
  • the composite contact according to Claim 1, Claim 8 or Claim 11 wherein, the powder or granular Cr with an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m is replaced with any of powder or granular W, carbide of W, Mo, and carbide of Mo with an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • a method for manufacturing a composite contact comprising the steps of, step for preparing a first layer composed of a Cu-Cr mixture wherein powder or granular Cr with an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m and powder or granular Cu with an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m are mixed at a rate of 15 to 60 wt% of Cr and the remainder of Cu, step for preparing a second layer composed of Cu, step for placing the first layer to contact with the second layer, and step for primary heating the second layer and the first layer contacted with the second layer at a temperature of 900 to 1150°C, thereby to realize alloying of the Cu-Cr mixture in the first layer and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers at the same time and to unite the first layer and the second layer.
  • the temperature rise value can be improved by about 4 to 5°C (suppressed to a lower value), and it contributes to the improvement of the temperature characteristic which is an object of the present invention.
  • a point of manufacture under the condition of this embodiment is that the first and second layers are in contact with each other, so that before the primary heating or in the temperature rise process, particularly the removal of the gas component existing in the Cu-Cr mixture (or the Cu-W mixture) out of the mixture is easy and efficient and after all, the gas amount in the Cu-Cr alloy (or Cu-W alloy) after sintering can be reduced.
  • the state that "Cu in the first layer and Cu in the second layer mutually enter just within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m means that Cu in the first layer enters the second layer just within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m through the boundary surface and Cu in the second layer enters the first layer just within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m through the boundary surface. Namely, even if the amount is 100 ⁇ m or more, when the other one is less than 20 ⁇ m (the entry amount from the boundary surface is less than 20 ⁇ m), the mechanical contact strength between the first and second layers is insufficient, and a warp occurs, and separation from the boundary part occurs undesirably.
  • Cu of the second layer in this embodiment is, for example, a Cu plate, a Cu sintered article, and a Cu molded product.
  • the first layer composed of a Cu-Cr mixture (or a Cu-W mixture) wherein powder or granular article (hereinafter, represented by powder) Cr with an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m (or powder or granular (hereinafter, represented by powder) W with an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m) and powder or granular (hereinafter, represented by powder) Cu with a similar average particle diameter are uniformly mixed must make contact and be installed.
  • the two layers in the state that the Cu-Cr mixture (or the Cu-W mixture) (the first layer) is installed on the surface of Cu (the second layer), the two layers must make contact with each other, and there is no vertical position relationship in arrangement between them. Further, a case that Cu (the second layer) is loaded on the top of the Cu-Cr mixture (or the Cu-W mixture) is included.
  • the reason that the primary pressurizing process as an auxiliary art is set to 6 ton/cm 2 or less is that when the pressure is more than 6 ton/cm 2 , a one-side touch phenomenon (contact only on one specific part, concentration of the contact points) occurs on the contact surfaces between the two layers, and it is not preferable for reservation of the contact area, and at the time of current interruption or switching, the temperature rise value is varied undesirably.
  • the lower limit is defined as that a case that one of Cu and the Cu-Cr mixture (or the Cu-W mixture) opposite to it acts its own weight on the other is included. Zero indicates the own weight.
  • the reason that the primary heating process as an auxiliary art is set to 1150°C or less is that when the temperature is higher than 1150°C, not only generation of voids is seen in the first layer of the composite contact but also the alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers of the composite contact proceeds excessively, and the Cu entry amount is hardly controlled to 100 ⁇ m or less, and a stable temperature characteristic cannot be obtained.
  • the primary heating time it is similarly required more than 0.25 hours.
  • the two layers in the state that the Cu-Cr mixture (or the Cu-W mixture) (the first layer) is installed on the surface of Cu (the second layer), the two layers must make contact with each other, and there is no vertical position relationship in arrangement between them. Further, a case that Cu (the second layer) is loaded on the top of the Cu-Cr mixture (or the Cu-W mixture) is included.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention is a vacuum valve composite contact characterized in that in a structural body in which with the surface of a second layer composed of Cu, a first layer composed of a Cu-Cr mixture wherein powder or granular Cr with an average particle diameter (diameters of unspherical particles are converted to those of spherical particles) of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m and powder or granular Cu with a similar average particle diameter are mixed at a rate of 15 to 60 wt% of Cr and the remainder of Cu makes contact, the first layer and the second layer are united with each other by the primary heating process at a temperature between 900°C and 1150°C and then united with each other by the primary pressurizing process at pressure of 6 ton/cm 2 or less so as to realize alloying of the Cu-Cr mixture and alloying of the boundary surface of the first and second layers at the same time, and the first and second layers are united with each other while mutually letting Cu of the second layer and Cu of the first layer enter within a range from 20
  • the fifth embodiment of the present invention is a vacuum valve composite contact characterized in that in a structural body in which with the surface of a second layer composed of Cu, a first layer composed of a Cu-Cr mixture wherein powder or granular Cr with an average particle diameter (diameters of unspherical particles are converted to those of spherical particles) of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m and powder or granular Cu with a similar average particle diameter are mixed at a rate of 15 to 60 wt% of Cr and the remainder of Cu makes contact, the unification of the first layer and second layer by the primary pressurizing process at pressure of 6 ton/cm 2 or less and the unification by the primary heating process at a temperature between 900°C and 1150°C are executed at the same time or either of them is executed and then the other is executed.
  • powder or granular Cr with an average particle diameter (diameters of unspherical particles are converted to those of spherical particles) of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m may be replaced with powder or granular W with an average particle diameter (diameters of unspherical particles are converted to those of spherical particles) of 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m and a Cu-Cr mixture may be replaced with a Cu-W mixture wherein powder or granular W and powder or granular Cu with a similar average particle diameter are mixed at a rate of 50 to 90 wt% of W and the remainder of Cu.
  • the unification by the primary pressurizing process and the unification by the primary heating process are executed at the same time or either of them is executed and then the other is executed, and then moreover, at least one of the unification by the secondary pressurizing process and the unification by the secondary heating process is executed, so that the first and second layers can be united with each other efficiently in a shorter time than that of the first to fourth embodiments, and a composite contact having a more excellent temperature characteristic is obtained.
  • the sixth embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that in the vacuum valve composite contact described in any of the first to fifth embodiments, after alloying of the Cu-Cr mixture (or the Cu-W mixture) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time, Cu of the second layer is a Cu plate or a Cu sintered article practically having the relative density value of Cu.
  • the thickness of the first layer is less than 0.5 mm, if the number of interruptions and the number of switchings are increased, in all of or a part of the material of the first layer, evaporation, scattering, and consumption are seen, and for example, by trouble of generation of a welding fault or a withstand voltage fault due to exposure of the second layer, surface roughness is caused undesirably.
  • the thickness of the first layer is more than 3 mm (when the first layer is Cu-W mixture, more than 5 mm)
  • the electric resistance of the material is increased in correspondence to it, and not only the temperature of the contact surface undesirably rises greatly but also the actual contact area cannot be ensured undesirably.
  • the amount of Cr in the Cu-Cr alloy of the first layer is less than 15% (or when the amount of W in the Cu-W alloy is less than 50%), the arc-proof property when the current is interrupted is not sufficient, so that the material of the contact surface area is damaged severely, and the contact resistance is changed remarkably, and the temperature characteristic is reduced.
  • the amount of Cr is 15% or more (or the amount of W is 50% or more), the arc-proof property is improved and the temperature characteristic is stabilized.
  • the arced contact surface region of the Cu-Cr alloy (or the Cu-W alloy) of the first layer is repeatedly subject to fusion, evaporation, and scattering, and the contact surface is roughened remarkably, and the material is consumed, and temperature rise and reduction in the interruption characteristic are caused.
  • the contact surface subject to such repetition of fusion, evaporation, and scattering is greatly changed in the surface status thereof every moment whenever the current is interrupted. Therefore, when a sufficient contact area is ensured, the temperature rise value is low and a stable temperature characteristic is obtained.
  • the surface configuration varies every interruption, so that there is no guarantee given to ensuring of sufficient contact at the next interruption, and the temperature characteristic becomes unstable, and the interruption characteristic also becomes unstable.
  • suppression of generation of an arc by the aforementioned effect is taken into consideration by an auxiliary art for optimally selecting a range of the thickness of the first and second layers, and the temperature characteristic is stabilized.
  • a Cu plate is used as Cu of the second layer.
  • the Cu plate is pre-heated at 500°C or higher for 10 minutes or more.
  • Cu in the Cu-Cr mixed powder is pre-heated at 350°C or higher for about one hour and then is used.
  • Cr in the Cu-Cr mixed powder is pre-heated at 1350°C or higher for about 30 minutes or more and then is used.
  • Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) in which Cr (chromium) powder with an average particle diameter of 44 to 105 ⁇ m and Cu (copper) powder with the same average particle diameter are uniformly mixed at a predetermined ratio (25 wt% Cr - Cu) is prepared.
  • Cu for the second layer a Cu plate rolled to a thickness of 2 mm is prepared.
  • the two layers are made contact, as they were, with each other (kept loaded) and are subject to the primary heating process at 800°C at Step b, and Cu in the first layer enters the second layer by 15 to 17 ⁇ m, and Cu in the second layer enters the first layer by 15 to 17 ⁇ m (Comparison example 3).
  • the two layers are made contact, as they were, with each other (kept loaded) and are selectively subject to the primary heating process at 900 to 1150°C for about one hour at Step b, and alloying of the Cu-Cr mixture (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • a composite contact in which the two layers are united with each other while Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer mutually enter within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the boundary surface is obtained (Examples 1, 2, 4 and 5).
  • the two layers are made contact, as they were, with each other (kept loaded) and are subject to the primary heating process at 1250°C for about one hour at Step b, and alloying of the Cu-Cr mixture (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • a composite contact in which Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer enter within a range from 100 ⁇ m to 110 ⁇ m from the boundary surface is obtained (Comparison example 4).
  • the two layers are made contact, as they were, with each other (kept loaded) and are subject to the primary heating process at 1300°C at Step b, and alloying of the Cu-Cr mixture (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • a composite contact in which Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer enter within a range from 110 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m from the boundary surface is obtained (Comparison example 5).
  • the two layers are made contact, as they were, with each other (kept loaded), and using the composite contacts manufactured in the examples 1, 2, 4 and 5 mentioned above, the thickness of Cu is reduced to 2 to 5 ⁇ m by mechanically removing one surface (the second layer), and the other surface (the first layer) is not mechanically processed and is kept unchanged at 30 to 35 ⁇ m (Comparison example 6). Inversely, the first layer is mechanically removed, thus the thickness of Cu is reduced to 2 to 5 ⁇ m and the second layer is not mechanically processed and is kept unchanged at 30 to 35 ⁇ m (Comparison example 7). In this way, composite contacts different in thickness are manufactured (Comparison examples 6 and 7).
  • the entry amount of Cu from the first layer into the second layer and the entry amount of Cu from the second layer into the first layer are respectively set to 100 to 110 ⁇ m and 100 to 110 ⁇ m (Comparison example 4) or set to 110 to 120 ⁇ m and 110 to 120 ⁇ m (Comparison example 5), for the reference value of the example 2, the temperature rise values are 1.15 to 1.3 times and 1.3 to 1.5 times (Evaluations X and Y) or 1.05 to 1.15 times and 1.5 times or more (Evaluations D to Z).
  • the interruption characteristic, for the reference value of the example 2 indicates 0.8 times to 1.0 times or 0.7 times to 1.0 times, and qualified values and disqualified values coexist undesirably. On each contact surface after the interruption test, composition changes and generation of internal voids due to evaporation are seen. This seems to be a cause.
  • the temperature characteristic indicates 1.05 to 1.15 times, 1.3 to 1.5 times, or 1.15 to 1.3 times (Evaluations D to Y, Evaluations D to X) and variations are seen.
  • the interruption characteristic, for the reference value of the example 2 indicates 0.8 times to 1.0 times and qualified values and disqualified values coexist undesirably.
  • Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) in which Cr (chromium) powder with an average particle diameter of 44 to 105 ⁇ m and Cu (copper) powder with the same average particle diameter are uniformly mixed at a predetermined ratio (25 wt% Cr - Cu) is prepared.
  • Cu for the second layer a Cu sintered plate, which has a relative density of 8.0 gr/cc or more and is rolled to a thickness of 2 mm, is prepared.
  • the Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) is placed, and the two layers are made contact with each other, as they were, (kept loaded), are united with each other by the primary pressuring process at a pressure of 6 t/cm 2 or less, for example, of 2 t/cm 2 , and then are subject to the primary heating process at 900 to 1150°C for about one hour, and alloying of the Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • composite contacts in which the two (the first and second layer) are united with each other while Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer mutually enter within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the boundary surface are obtained (Step d).
  • the temperature characteristics indicate 0.8 to 0.9 times (Evaluation B) and 1.0 times (Evaluation C), respectively.
  • the interruption characteristics ensure 0.9 times of the reference value of the example 2 and both characteristics are satisfactory.
  • a Cu plate (the second layer) similar to the aforementioned and a Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) similar to the aforementioned are prepared.
  • the aforementioned Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) is placed and the layers are united with each other by the primary pressuring process at a pressure of 6 t/cm 2 or less, (after cooling), are united with each other by the primary heating process at 950 to 1150°C for about one hour, then are secondarily pressurized at a pressure of 4 t/cm 2 or more, and are united with each by the secondary heating process at 1080°C or lower, for example, at 950°C (Step g).
  • the aforementioned Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) is placed, and the two layers are made contact with each other, as they were, (kept loaded), are united with each other by the primary heating process at 900 to 1150°C, for example, at 1050°C for about one hour. And then, they are united with each other by the primary pressuring process at a pressure of 6 t/cm 2 or less, for example, at a pressure of 4 t/cm 2 , and Cr-Cu alloying of the Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • composite contacts in which the two (the first and second layers) are united with each other while Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer mutually enter within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the boundary surface are obtained (Step c).
  • the first and second layers are further subject to the secondary pressurizing process and secondary heating process, and Cu-Cr alloying of the Cu-Cr mixed powder (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time, and composite contacts in which the two (the first and second layers) are united with each other while Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer mutually enter within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the boundary surface are obtained is indicated in the examples 8 and 9 (Step g).
  • the present invention can manufacture other composite contacts without being limited to these steps b, c, d, and g.
  • Cu-W mixed powder (the first layer) in which W (tungsten) powder with an average particle diameter of 1 to 6 ⁇ m and Cu (copper) powder with an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m are uniformly mixed at a predetermined ratio (73 wt% W - Cu) is prepared.
  • Cu for the second layer a Cu plate rolled to a thickness of 2 mm is prepared. Further, as steps after Cu and the Cu-W mixture are made contact with each other, in the comparison example 18, Step a is adopted, in the comparison examples 19 to 22, Step b is adopted, and in the examples 31, 32, 34 and 35, Step b is adopted. In the comparison examples 23 and 20, a predetermined thickness is left by a method for removing a part of the surface layer by a mechanical process.
  • the evaluation of the present invention is made such that the temperature characteristic and interruption characteristic are treated as the reference values when the entry amount of Cu from the first layer into the second layer is set to 30 to 35 ⁇ m and the entry amount of Cu from the second layer into the first layer is set to 30 to 35 ⁇ m (Example 32).
  • the temperature characteristic indicates (Evaluation C) and assumed as the reference value.
  • the interruption characteristic indicates 1.0 times and assumed as the reference value.
  • the interruption characteristic for the reference value of the example 32, indicates 0.8 times to 1.0 times or 0.7 to 1.0 times and qualified values and disqualified values coexist undesirably. On each contact surface after the interruption test, composition changes and generation of internal voids due to evaporation are seen. This seems to be a cause.
  • the temperature characteristics indicate 1.05 to 1.15 times, 1.3 to 1.5 times, or 1.15 to 1.3 times (Evaluations D to Y, Evaluations D to X) and variations are seen.
  • the interruption characteristics for the reference value of the example 32, indicate 0.8 times to 1.0 times and qualified values and disqualified values coexist undesirably.
  • the adaptation of the art of the present invention is also useful in a composite contact in which the Cu plate as the second layer is replaced with a Cu sintered plate.
  • the temperature characteristic indicates 1.15 to 1.3 times (Evaluation X) and 1.3 to 1.5 times (Evaluation Y), and the interruption characteristic indicates 0.4 times for the reference value of the example 32, and is disqualified (Comparison example 26).
  • the aforementioned Cu-W mixed powder (the first layer) is placed, and the two layers are made contact with each other, as they were, (kept loaded), are united with each other by the primary heating process at 900 to 1150°C, and then are united with each other by the primary pressuring process at a pressure of 6 t/cm 2 or less, and Cr-W alloying of the Cu-W mixed powder (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • a composite contact in which the two (the first and second layers) are united with each other while Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer mutually enter within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the boundary surface is obtained (Step c).
  • the temperature characteristics satisfactorily indicate values similar to the reference value of the example 32 (Evaluations B and C).
  • the interruption characteristics indicate 0.9 to 1.0 times similar to the reference value of the example 32 within the qualified range.
  • the temperature characteristic indicates similar values (Evaluation B) and is qualified, though the interruption characteristic is greatly reduced to 0.4 to 0.8 times, and the characteristics are disqualified as a whole.
  • the thickness of the first layer is set to 5.5 to 6 mm (Comparison example 29), for the reference value of the example 32, the temperature rise indicates 1.05 to 1.15 times (Evaluation D) and is within the qualified range, though the interruption characteristic indicates 0.7 to 0.9 times, and the characteristics are disqualified as a whole.
  • the first layer is excessively thick, it is disadvantageous to ensure a flexible contact surface .
  • the two (the first and second layers) are just made contact (loaded) with each other, then are subject to the primary heating process (1050°C) and primary pressurizing process (6 t/cm 2 or less), and are further subject to the secondary heating process (900°C) and secondary pressurizing process (4 t/cm 2 or more), and Cu-W alloying of the Cu-W mixed powder (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • a composite contact in which the two (the first and second layers) are united with each other while Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer mutually enter within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the boundary surface is obtained (Example 45, Step e).
  • the temperature characteristic indicates values similar to the reference value of the example 32 (Evaluation A). Furthermore, the interruption characteristic indicates 1.2 times for the reference value of the example 32 and is qualified.
  • the two (the first and second layer) are just made contact with each other and then are subject to the primary heating process (1050°C) while the two are kept in the primary pressurizing contact (a weight of 2 kg/cm 2 is kept loaded), and alloying of the Cu-W mixed powder (the first layer) and alloying of the boundary surface between the first and second layers are realized at the same time.
  • a composite contact in which the two (the first and second layers) are united with each other while Cu of the second layer and Cu in the first layer mutually enter within a range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m from the boundary surface is obtained (Example 46, Step f).
  • the temperature characteristic indicates values similar to the reference value of the example 32 (Evaluations A and B).
  • the interruption characteristic indicates 1.1 to 1.2 times for the reference value of the example 32 and is qualified.
  • the first layer As raw powder of Cu-W mixed powder (the first layer), Cu containing 0.01% Te instead of pure Cu is prepared.
  • the Cu plate For the Cu plate (the second layer), pure Cu sufficiently softened is prepared and a composite contact is manufactured under the condition at Step c (Example 50).
  • the temperature characteristic indicates values similar to the reference value of the example 32 (Evaluation C). Furthermore, the interruption characteristic indicates 1.1 times for the reference value of the example 32 and is qualified.
  • the temperature characteristic compared with the reference value of the example 32 is ranked Evaluation D. Furthermore, the interruption characteristic indicates 1.1 times and is qualified.
  • the temperature characteristic compared with the reference value of the example 32 is ranked Evaluation C. Furthermore, the interruption characteristic indicates 1.0 times and is qualified.
  • the temperature characteristic compared with the reference value of the example 32 is ranked Evaluation D. Furthermore, the interruption characteristic indicates 0.9 to 1.0 times and is qualified.
  • the temperature characteristic compared with the reference value of the example 32 is ranked Evaluation D. Furthermore, the interruption characteristic indicates 0.9 to 1.0 times and is qualified.
  • the temperature characteristic compared with the reference value of the example 32 is ranked Evaluation D. Furthermore, the interruption characteristic indicates 0.9 to 1.0 times and is qualified.

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  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement, umfassend:
    eine erste Schicht, die aus einem Cu-Cr-Gemisch besteht, in dem pulverförmiges oder körniges Cr mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm und pulverförmiges oder körniges Cu mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm mit einem Anteil an Cr von 15 bis 60 Gew.-% und dem Rest aus Cu gemischt sind; und
    eine zweite Schicht, die aus Cu besteht;
    wobei die erste Schicht und die zweite Schicht miteinander verbunden sind, wobei das Cu der ersten Schicht in die zweite Schicht innerhalb eines Bereichs von 20 µm bis 100 µm ausgehend von der Grenzfläche zwischen der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht eindringt und das Cu in der zweiten Schicht in die erste Schicht innerhalb eines Bereichs von 20 µm bis 100 µm ausgehend von der Grenzfläche eindringt.
  2. Vakuumschalter, der mit einem Vakuumventil ausgestattet ist, der die Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelemente nach Anspruch 1 umfasst.
  3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelements, das die folgenden Stufen umfasst:
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer ersten Schicht, die aus einem Cu-Cr-Gemisch besteht, in dem pulverförmiges oder körniges Cr mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm und pulverförmiges oder körniges Cu mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm mit einem Anteil an Cr von 15 bis 60 Gew.-% und dem Rest aus Cu gemischt sind;
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer zweiten Schicht, die aus Cu besteht;
    eine Stufe zur Platzierung der ersten Schicht in Kontakt mit der zweiten Schicht; und
    eine Stufe zu einem primären Erhitzen der zweiten Schicht und der mit der zweiten Schicht in Kontakt stehenden ersten Schicht bei einer Temperatur von 900 bis 1150 °C, um dadurch ein Legieren des Cu-Cr-Gemischs in der ersten Schicht und ein Legieren der Grenzfläche zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht zur gleichen Zeit durchzuführen und die erste Schicht und die zweite Schicht zu verbinden.
  4. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelements, das die folgenden Stufen umfasst:
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer ersten Schicht, die aus einem Cu-Cr-Gemisch besteht, in dem pulverförmiges oder körniges Cr mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm und pulverförmiges oder körniges Cu mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm mit einem Anteil an Cr von 15 bis 60 Gew.-% und dem Rest aus Cu gemischt sind;
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer zweiten Schicht, die aus Cu besteht;
    eine Stufe zur Platzierung der ersten Schicht in Kontakt mit der zweiten Schicht;
    eine Stufe für ein primäres Unterdrucksetzen der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht unter einen Druck von 6 t/cm2 oder weniger, um diese miteinander zu verbinden; und
    eine Stufe zu einem primären Erhitzen der zweiten Schicht und ersten Schicht bei einer Temperatur von 900 bis 1150 °C, nachdem die erste Schicht und die zweite Schicht durch die Stufe des primären Unterdrucksetzens miteinander verbunden sind, um dadurch ein Legieren des Cu-Cr-Gemischs in der ersten Schicht und ein Legieren der Grenzfläche zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Schicht zur gleichen Zeit durchzuführen.
  5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelements, das die folgenden Stufen umfasst:
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer ersten Schicht, die aus einem Cu-Cr-Gemisch besteht, in dem pulverförmiges oder körniges Cr mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm und pulverförmiges oder körniges Cu mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm mit einem Anteil an Cr von 15 bis 60 Gew.-% und dem Rest aus Cu gemischt sind;
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer zweiten Schicht, die aus Cu besteht;
    eine Stufe zur Platzierung der ersten Schicht in Kontakt mit der zweiten Schicht; und
    eine Stufe zu einem primären Erhitzen der zweiten Schicht und der mit der zweiten Schicht in Kontakt stehenden ersten Schicht bei einer Temperatur von 900 bis 1150 °C, um dadurch ein Legieren des Cu-Cr-Gemischs in der ersten Schicht und ein Legieren der Grenzfläche zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schicht zur gleichen Zeit durchzuführen und die erste Schicht und die zweite Schicht zu verbinden; und
    eine Stufe für ein primäres Unterdrucksetzen der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht unter einen Druck von 6 t/cm2 oder weniger, nachdem die erste Schicht und die zweite Schicht durch die Stufe des primären Erhitzens erhitzt wurden.
  6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelements, das die folgenden Stufen umfasst:
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer ersten Schicht, die aus einem Cu-Cr-Gemisch besteht, in dem pulverförmiges oder körniges Cr mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm und pulverförmiges oder körniges Cu mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm mit einem Anteil an Cr von 15 bis 60 Gew.-% und dem Rest aus Cu gemischt sind;
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer zweiten Schicht, die aus Cu besteht;
    eine Stufe zur Platzierung der ersten Schicht in Kontakt mit der zweiten Schicht; und
    eine Stufe für ein primäres Unterdrucksetzen der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht unter einen Druck von 6 t/cm2 oder weniger; und
    eine Stufe zu einem primären Erhitzen der zweiten Schicht und der mit der zweiten Schicht in Kontakt stehenden ersten Schicht bei einer Temperatur von 900 bis 1150 °C, während die erste und die zweite Schicht in der Stufe des primären Unterdrucksetzens unter Druck gehalten werden, wodurch ein Legieren des Cu-Cr-Gemischs in der ersten Schicht und ein Legieren der Grenzfläche zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Schicht zur gleichen Zeit zur Verbindung der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht in der Stufe des primären Unterdrucksetzens durchgeführt werden.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelements, das die folgenden Stufen umfasst:
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer ersten Schicht, die aus einem Cu-Cr-Gemisch besteht, in dem pulverförmiges oder körniges Cr mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm und pulverförmiges oder körniges Cu mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm mit einem Anteil an Cr von 15 bis 60 Gew.-% und dem Rest aus Cu gemischt sind;
    eine Stufe zur Herstellung einer zweiten Schicht, die aus Cu besteht;
    eine Stufe zur Platzierung der ersten Schicht in Kontakt mit der zweiten Schicht; und
    eine Stufe zu einer primären Behandlung durch mindestens eine der im Folgenden angegebenen Stufen,
    eine Stufe zu einem primären Erhitzen der zweiten Schicht und der mit der zweiten Schicht in Kontakt stehenden ersten Schicht bei einer Temperatur von 900 bis 1150 °C, wobei ein Legieren des Cu-Cr-Gemischs in der ersten Schicht und ein Legieren der Grenzfläche zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Schicht zur gleichen Zeit zur Verbindung der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht durchgeführt werden, und
    eine Stufe für ein primäres Unterdrucksetzen der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht unter einen Druck von 6 t/cm2 oder weniger zur Verbindung der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht; und
    eine Stufe zu einer sekundären Behandlung durch mindestens eine der im Folgenden angegebenen Stufen nach der Stufe der primären Behandlung,
    eine Stufe zu einem sekundären Erhitzen der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht bei 1080 °C oder niedriger, und
    eine Stufe für ein sekundäres Unterdrucksetzen der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht unter einen Druck von 4 t/cm2 oder mehr.
  8. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 1, wobei:
    das Cu der zweiten Schicht, nachdem die erste Schicht und die zweite Schicht miteinander verbunden wurden, eine Cu-Platte oder ein Cu-Sintergegenstand mit praktisch der relativen Dichte von Cu ist.
  9. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 8, wobei das Cu der ersten Schicht, nachdem die erste Schicht und die zweite Schicht miteinander verbunden wurden, mindestens ein Element, das aus der Gruppe von Cr, Al, Si und Fe ausgewählt ist, in einer Menge von 0,5 Gew.-% oder weniger umfasst.
  10. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 1, Anspruch 8 oder Anspruch 9, wobei:
    die Dicke der ersten Schicht zwischen 0,5 mm und 3,0 mm eingestellt ist;
    die Dicke der zweiten Schicht zwischen 0,5 mm und 3,0 mm eingestellt ist;
    die Gesamtdicke der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht zwischen 1,0 mm und 5,0 mm eingestellt ist; und
    die erste Schicht eine Kontaktelementoberfläche ist und die zweite Schicht ein Trägersockel der ersten Schicht ist.
  11. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 8 bis 10, wobei:
    das Cu der ersten Schicht, die aus dem Cu-Cr-Gemisch besteht, mindestens ein Element, das aus der Gruppe von Bi, Te und Sb ausgewählt ist, in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 1 Gew.-% umfasst.
  12. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 1, Anspruch 8 oder Anspruch 11, wobei:
    das pulverförmige oder körnige Cr mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 150 µm durch pulverförmiges oder körniges W, ein Carbid von W, Mo oder ein Carbid von Mo mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 15 µm ersetzt ist; und
    das Cu-Cr-Gemisch durch ein Cu-W-Gemisch, ein Gemisch von Cu und einem Carbid von W, ein Gemisch von Cu und Mo oder ein Gemisch von Cu und ein Carbid von Mo ersetzt ist, wobei ein pulverförmiges oder körniges W, ein Carbid von W, Mo oder ein Carbid von Mo mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 15 µm und pulverförmiges oder körniges Cu mit einem mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,1 bis 15 µm mit einem Anteil an W, einem Carbid von W, Mo oder einem Carbid von Mo von 50 bis 90 Gew.-% und dem Rest aus Cu gemischt sind.
  13. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 12, wobei:
    ein Teil des Cu in der ersten Schicht oder die Gesamtmenge des Cu in der ersten Schicht durch Ag ersetzt ist.
  14. Verbundwerkstoff-Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 12 oder Anspruch 13, wobei:
    die Dicke der ersten Schicht zwischen 0,5 mm und 5,0 mm eingestellt ist;
    die Dicke der zweiten Schicht zwischen 1,0 mm und 3,0 mm eingestellt ist;
    die Gesamtdicke der ersten Schicht und der zweiten Schicht zwischen 1,5 mm und 7,0 mm eingestellt ist; und
    die erste Schicht eine Kontaktoberfläche ist und die zweite Schicht ein Trägersockel der ersten Schicht ist.
EP20050102282 2004-03-22 2005-03-22 Kontakt aus Verbundwerkstoff, Vakuumschalter und Herstellungsverfahren des Kontaktes Ceased EP1580779B1 (de)

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CN101350255B (zh) * 2008-08-12 2010-06-09 浙江亚通金属陶瓷有限公司 铜铬-铜复合触头材料及其制造方法
CN104625065A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-05-20 浙江立泰复合材料有限公司 一种Cu-Cr合金材料表面覆铜的方法
CN105018768B (zh) * 2015-07-31 2017-05-03 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种高性能铜铬触头材料及其制备方法
CN105206435A (zh) * 2015-07-31 2015-12-30 陕西斯瑞工业有限责任公司 一种梯度复合铜铬触头材料及其制备方法
CN105965024B (zh) * 2016-06-08 2018-05-29 西安理工大学 一种高熵合金用于液相连接CuW和CuCr材料的方法
CN106710897B (zh) * 2016-12-28 2018-05-25 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种铜铬复合触头的制备方法
CN109351977B (zh) * 2018-10-18 2020-03-31 西安交通大学 一种含有铁芯的铜铬触头材料的制备方法
CN113793767B (zh) * 2021-08-25 2023-08-29 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种用于真空灭弧室的高机械强度复合导电杆的制备方法

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JP2705998B2 (ja) * 1990-08-02 1998-01-28 株式会社明電舎 電気接点材料の製造方法
US5698008A (en) * 1994-02-21 1997-12-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact material for vacuum valve and method of manufacturing the same
DE19650752C1 (de) * 1996-12-06 1998-03-05 Louis Renner Gmbh Kupfer-Chrom-Kontaktwerkstoff mit feinkörnig umgewandelter Oberfläche für elektrische Schaltkontakte und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE19822469A1 (de) * 1997-05-22 1998-11-26 Hitachi Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundwerkstoff für Schaltröhren

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