EP1573760B1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung der restlebensdauer eines schaltgerätes und zugehörige anordnung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur bestimmung der restlebensdauer eines schaltgerätes und zugehörige anordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1573760B1
EP1573760B1 EP03785581A EP03785581A EP1573760B1 EP 1573760 B1 EP1573760 B1 EP 1573760B1 EP 03785581 A EP03785581 A EP 03785581A EP 03785581 A EP03785581 A EP 03785581A EP 1573760 B1 EP1573760 B1 EP 1573760B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
contact
wear
switching
erosion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03785581A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1573760A1 (de
Inventor
Norbert Elsner
Peter Heider
Dirk Hertz
Reinhard Maier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1573760A1 publication Critical patent/EP1573760A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1573760B1 publication Critical patent/EP1573760B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the remaining service life of a vacuum switching device, in particular for detecting and displaying wear conditions of the switching device, by monitoring the through-pressure during the movement of the switching device drive, wherein for the pressure monitoring time intervals between two significant events are determined during the drive movement.
  • the invention also relates to the associated arrangement for carrying out the method.
  • the remaining service life of a switching device depends on the state of wear during the operational use of the switching device. Under wear condition of vacuum switching devices in the present context, the determination of the burnup of the contacts and / or the wear of the switching device mechanism is understood in particular by vacuum contactors.
  • the switching contacts or the entire drive mechanism can be worn depending on the type of load.
  • Decisive determinant for the wear of a switching device is the contact force or contact force with which the compression spring presses the contacts in the closed state against each other. The following statements relate to a vacuum contactor and preferred application of the invention for a vacuum switching device.
  • the compression spring is located between a spring seat and a bolt guide which is fixedly connected to the movable contact.
  • initially spring support, pressure spring with bolt guide and moving contact move together on the fixed contact.
  • the spring support moves further in the direction of the contacts.
  • the result caused compression of the prestressed compression spring finally causes the necessary contact force.
  • the way the spring rest from the point of closing the contacts to the final position of the spring rest is referred to as a pressure and is crucial for the contact force generated.
  • the pressure and contact force are coupled together via the spring constant of the compression spring. The turn-off occurs in an analogous manner inversely.
  • the method for detecting the change in pressure as a substitute criterion for the contact erosion is with the EP 0 694 937B1 put under protection.
  • Specific methods for use with switching devices are described in detail in the EP 0 878 016 B1 , of the EP 0 878 015 B1 and the EP 1 002 325 B1 described. It is consistently based on the fact that the change in pressure especially during the turn-off, ie the opening of the switch contacts are detected by an electromagnetic drive, which specifically determines the burnup of the switch contacts and from the remaining life of the switching device is calculated.
  • an electromagnetic switching device in particular contactor, known with a load contact of fixed contact pieces and a movable contact bridge having contact pads with an initial contact pad thickness when new, wherein the contact pads are burned after a number n of switching cycles under rated load
  • the contact bridge of a contact bridge carrier which detects the contact bridge in a driving range, can be lifted from the fixed contact pieces, wherein the contact bridge carrier at least in the driving range of such a wear-resistant material that the contact bridge carrier in the driving range after the number n of switching cycles under rated load Maximalabtrag of a maximum of 10% of the initial Contact pad thickness.
  • This method is used to monitor aerial switching devices with bridge contacts.
  • contact erosion has hitherto been measured by the fact that a bar mark is attached to the bolt guide of the vacuum tube, which is an indicator of the burn-off of the contacts in the tube. Both methods capture only the contact erosion. The wear of the switching mechanism can thus not be detected
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method which can determine both the wear of a vacuum switching device as a result of erosion of the contacts and the mechanical wear within the switching device mechanism, so that appropriate maintenance measures can be carried out in a timely manner. These maintenance works can be especially useful in renewal of main contacts as well as replacement wear-prone components until replacement of the entire switching device.
  • the contact wear is not only detected as in the prior art, but also wear conditions of the moving components of the switching device are taken into account. This is particularly important in vacuum contactors, because there on the one hand, the contact stroke is comparatively low, but on the other side of the drive for the switching contact movement via a lever mechanism with power deflection and amplification and thereby at high numbers of switching to the moving mechanical Components can lead to a non-negligible wear.
  • Vacuum contactors have recently proven to be an alternative to air guns. This advantageously up to some 10 6 operations are possible, so that such contactors are suitable for use in many fields of technology.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical structure of a vacuum contactor with associated drive.
  • the pressure-generating components / assemblies are: The lever, the spring support and the movable tubular bolt with the attachments such as current band connection, lever support, switch position indicator and the associated mounting hardware. Abrasion or plastic deformation can occur at the locations marked with letters A to G, which can either increase the pressure or reduce the pressure.
  • a vacuum contactor with associated electromagnetic drive and associated contactor mechanism which serves to switch a single or multi-pole network. It is considered only one phase of a three-phase network with a single vacuum interrupter.
  • a vacuum contactor 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter 10, the contactor mechanism 20, 30, 40 and the drive 100.
  • a vacuum interrupter 10 is attached to an abutment 3 with boom 4.
  • the boom 4 carries the vacuum interrupter 10, to which a fixed contact pin 15 of the interrupter 10 is clamped in the boom 4.
  • the vacuum interrupter 10 consists of hollow cylindrical components 11 to 13, wherein the hollow cylinder 11 and 13 are arranged axially displaceable against each other by a linearly resilient metal bellows 12.
  • the components 11 and 13 are electrically insulated from one another, for which purpose one of the components can be made, for example, of ceramic material.
  • the switching contact 17 is connected as a fixed contact with the fixed bolt 15 and the switch contact 18 is connected as moving contact with a movable pin 16 in the axial direction.
  • the switch contacts 17 and 18 of the vacuum interrupter 10 are actuated by means of the electromagnetic drive 100, to which a structure of magnetic yoke 101, armature 102 and associated coils 105, 105 'for electromagnetic excitation is present.
  • the magnetic yoke 101 is mounted in a holder 110.
  • the magnet armature 102 has a recess 103 with attachment 105 for a contact carrier 30.
  • the armature 102 can be brought into two vertically different positions, of which the lower correspond to the "closed” position of the vacuum contactor 10 and the upper of the "open” position of the vacuum contactor 10. This must be in FIG. 1 the vertical displacement are converted into a horizontal displacement, for which a deflection device 20 is present.
  • the BewegCountbolzen 16 outside the interrupter 10 is supported against the pressure of a spring 21, wherein the spring 21 is supported on a spring support 22.
  • There is an L-shaped lever 25 is provided which is mounted with an axis 26 in the break point.
  • the short lever arm of the reversing lever 25 presses with a first end member 27 on the spring support 22, while the long lever arm with a second end member 28 in a recess 31 of the contact carrier 30, which - as already mentioned - is connected to the armature 102 of the magnetic drive 100, is guided.
  • There is a support plate 35 for the contact carrier 30 is present.
  • the L-shaped deflection lever 25 can be a relatively large displacement in the vertical direction in a smaller displacement in the horizontal direction with appropriate application of force implement. This is necessary for the operation of the vacuum contactor 10, in which in particular a sufficient contact pressure between the contact surfaces of the switching contacts 17 and 18 must be generated.
  • the spring 21 is clamped for the closed position by means of a predeterminable pressure and generates a contact force sufficient for the closed position of the switching contacts 17, 18.
  • the pressure is in the FIG. 1 thereby makes clear that when the switching position of the end element 27 is open at the short lever arm of the reversing lever 25 this is supported by a rear lever support 23.
  • FIG. 1 As mechanical moving parts of the display 40, there are further provided a switch position indicator 41, a current band terminal 42, and a current band 44 connected to the rail terminal 45.
  • the switching path of the contact arrangement shown is comparatively small, for example ⁇ 2 mm. It follows that the play of the individual movements occurring in the switching device drive with the associated deflection during frequent activation can not be neglected. In the design of switching devices with such drive and power transmission facilities, these conditions must be considered.
  • the service life of a switching device is influenced by the wear of all mechanically moving parts. This wear is in a known manner on the one hand by the burnup causes the electrical switching contacts on the contact surfaces A, since the thickness of the contact pieces reduced as a result of burnup.
  • the mechanical wear of the movable drive components can also have an influence on the life of the entire switching device.
  • Such wear is particularly Abriebe at camps or even plastic deformations that can affect either by increasing the pressure or reducing the pressure individually. Ideally, such influences compensate each other at the various points of the switching device mechanism.
  • B is the support of the end element 27 on the spring support 22, C its support on the rear lever support 24, E the mechanical stress of the other end element 28 in the cam groove 31 of the contact carrier 30, F the contact support in the armature, G / G ' the support of magnetic armature 102 on the magnetic yoke 101 at the pole faces and H / H 'the holder 110 of the magnetic drive 100 in a base plate.
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 is in a simplified representation of the switch contacts 17, 18 each of the fixed contact 18 with the housing wall 11 fixedly connected.
  • the moving contact 18 is located on a bolt 16 which is movable via a bellows 13 or the like in the axial direction of the arrangement.
  • a contact force for closing the moving contact 18 is generated via a contact pressure spring 21.
  • the contact pressure spring 21 is located between abutment 22 and 24, wherein the outer thrust bearing 22 corresponding to the drive FIG. 1 communicates.
  • the through pressure measurement is carried out in detail by a time measurement and in particular the time interval between the armature movement start and contact opening is determined, a time measurement is subsequently also performed. For this timestamps must be set in a suitable manner.
  • the five alternatives for determining the wear and the residual life of a switching device are each based on a time interval measurement between two events during the turn-off, using sensors for continuous signal detection. This procedure is based on the knowledge that the movement sequence of the mechanical components involved in particular does not depend on the time of the switch-off command or, for example, the coil voltage depends on an electromagnetically actuated switching device. There are different sensors possible.
  • a fixed plunger coil 125 with movable permanent magnet 126 is described on the spring support 22 for a 1 or 3-pole measurement: There is a time interval .DELTA.t between the beginning of the movement of the spring support 22 until the time of contact opening. The beginning of movement of the spring support 22 induced by the movement of the permanent magnet 126, a voltage pulse in the plunger coil 125. The so determined time interval .DELTA.t corresponds to the known pressure profile of the spring support 22 the through-pressure and thus is a measure of the total wear consisting of contact erosion and mechanical wear of the drive components ,
  • the measurement can be carried out on only one current path (1-pole) of the switching device as well as on all 3 current paths (3-pole) of a three-phase switching device.
  • the signals of the three voice coils can be advantageously combined by connecting all three voice coils in series, in which case only the sum signal is evaluated.
  • a detection of the start of movement with a piezo bending transducer 137 on the spring support 22 for a 1- or 3-pole measurement is described: There is a time interval .DELTA.t between the beginning of the movement of the spring support 22 until the time of contact opening.
  • the start of movement of the spring support causes in the piezo bending transducer 137 a charge separation and thus a voltage at the electrodes of the piezoelectric transducer 137. Depending on the load resistance, this voltage can be up to several hundred volts.
  • the specific time interval corresponds to reproducible Speed profile of the spring seat 22 the through-pressure and is thus a measure of the total wear - consisting of burnup and mechanical wear.
  • the measurement can be carried out on only one current path (1-pole) of the switching device as well as on all 3 current paths (3-pole) of a three-phase switching device.
  • a photoelectric sensor 141 is attached to the spring support 22: There is a time interval .DELTA.t between the beginning of the movement of the spring support to the time of contact opening.
  • the start of movement of the spring support 22 causes an interruption or release of the light beam in the light barrier 141.
  • This change in state is used to detect the start of movement of the time measurement.
  • the time interval .DELTA.t determined in this way corresponds-with a reproducible speed profile of the spring support-to the through-pressure and is thus a measure of the total wear of the switching device, consisting of burnup and mechanical wear.
  • the measurement can be carried out both on a current path (1-pole) of the switching device as well as on all current paths of a three-phase switching device.
  • a mechanical measurement takes place by means of a switch S on the spring support 22: There is a time interval .DELTA.t between the beginning of the movement of the spring support to the time of contact opening.
  • the start of movement of the spring support 22 causes an interruption according to the in FIG. 5 shown normally open or release of the switch contact S (normally closed). This change of state is used to detect the start of movement of the time measurement.
  • the switching element can be controlled depending on the expression as NC or NO directly by the spring element 21 or a collection or depression or a fixedly connected additional element with or without adjustment device.
  • the switching element can be mounted on one or on all current paths.
  • the thus determined time interval .DELTA.t corresponds to reproducible speed profile of the spring support the through pressure and is thus a measure of the total wear consisting of burnup and mechanical wear.
  • the measurement can be carried out both on a current path (1-pole) of the switching device as well as on all current paths of a three-phase switching device.
  • the fifth example of the sensor detection is a light barrier on the pin guide with 1- or 3-pole measurement:
  • a measurement .DELTA.t is taken directly from the contact opening to a waypoint (WP) of the bolt guide, which is already a measure of the burnup.
  • WP waypoint
  • the through-pressure is only utilized indirectly via the support of the end element 27 of the reversing lever 25.
  • the latter method is particularly applicable when the contact movement has a constant speed.
  • the mechanical wear of the switching device is detected by the number of contacts.
  • the need for maintenance is then indicated either by the contact erosion or the number of operations.
  • Signaling at the waypoint (WP) is carried out by optocouplers, magnet + reed contact or magnet + Hall sensor etc ..
  • the following advantages result: There is no change to the previous design of vacuum tube, bolt guide, spring and contact plate required. Only the previous tab with line marking is to be replaced. The remaining elements such as e.g. The opto-coupler and associated electronics can be accommodated in the contactor cover. The signal can then be processed so that it can be fed directly into the existing electronics. Since the procedure is fundamentally different, the software must be adapted accordingly minimal and without additional extension.
  • the detection of the wear sizes is expediently carried out during the switch-off process of the switching device and will be described below.
  • the method can also be extended to the switch-on of the switching device.
  • the essential forces that are used in the opening operation for the opening movement of the contacts and the components of the switching device drive coupled thereto are in normal operation, i. without short-circuit breaking, the contact spring forces and the drive spring force. While the drive spring force acts over the entire opening movement of the switching mechanism, the contact spring forces are effective only as long as the contact pressure of the contact force spring has not decreased to zero during the opening movement.
  • the movement sequence of the moving components is treated as a linear movement and can be subdivided into two consecutive sections during the switch-off process:
  • the time t D which indicates the zero-pressure value during the switch-off process, is inventively detected by a sensor on the components of the switchgear drive generating through-pressure.
  • a current value s 1 (t D ) results during the device service life, from which a cumulative value of contact erosion (d burnup ) and mechanical wear (d mechanism ) can be determined.
  • d burnup contact erosion
  • d mechanism mechanical wear
  • the functional reliability of the switching device can now be controlled with these burnup and wear values so that within the switching device service life the values d burnup and throughpressure s 1 (t D ) of the contact force spring do not exceed or fall short of predetermined limits.
  • the effective for the through-pressure mechanical wear can be specified and a limit can be specified, upon reaching the switching device mechanism can be assessed as consumed.
  • combustion % 1 - 2 * t D 2 - t O ⁇ 2 / 2 / t D 2 New * 100
  • the functional, burnup and wear variables are related to percentage limit values which ensure safe operation of the switching device.
  • the actual contact erosion and the mechanical wear This is particularly important in vacuum contactors, since contact burnout usually the entire tube is replaced.
  • the dynamic operation of the switching device is measured. This means that it is possible to measure in the switch-off process, but also in the switching-on process of the switching device. The latter was not possible in the prior art. By measuring when switching the switching device wear effects of the switching mechanism can be detected very well.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP03785581A 2002-12-20 2003-12-17 Verfahren zur bestimmung der restlebensdauer eines schaltgerätes und zugehörige anordnung Expired - Lifetime EP1573760B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002160248 DE10260248B4 (de) 2002-12-20 2002-12-20 Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes und zugehörige Anordnung
DE10260248 2002-12-20
PCT/DE2003/004172 WO2004057633A1 (de) 2002-12-20 2003-12-17 Verfahren zur bestimmung der restlebensdauer eines schaltgerätes und zugehörige anordnung

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EP1573760A1 EP1573760A1 (de) 2005-09-14
EP1573760B1 true EP1573760B1 (de) 2008-04-09

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EP03785581A Expired - Lifetime EP1573760B1 (de) 2002-12-20 2003-12-17 Verfahren zur bestimmung der restlebensdauer eines schaltgerätes und zugehörige anordnung

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EP (1) EP1573760B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100409386C (zh)
DE (2) DE10260248B4 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004057633A1 (zh)

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DE102005045095A1 (de) 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Abbrandes von Kontakten eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes und elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einer nach diesem Verfahren arbeitenden Einrichtung
RU85742U1 (ru) 2006-06-26 2009-08-10 Абб Текнолоджи Аг Определение и указание обгорания контактов в силовом выключателе
DE102008048828A1 (de) * 2008-09-22 2010-04-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Ermitteln und/oder zum Einstellen eines Hubes von Betätigungselementen
CN101813750B (zh) * 2009-02-24 2014-04-16 施耐德电器工业公司 接触器磨损老化检测装置及方法
DE102010025289A1 (de) * 2010-06-28 2011-12-29 Rwe Rheinland Westfalen Netz Ag Verfahren zur Einstellung von Kontaktkräften an Hochspannungsschaltgeräten
DE102010026528A1 (de) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-12 Areva Energietechnik Gmbh Elektrischer Leistungsschalter und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Leistungsschalters
US8952826B2 (en) * 2012-10-03 2015-02-10 Eaton Corporation Circuit interrupter employing a linear transducer to monitor contact erosion
DE102013114073B3 (de) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-18 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Hilfsschalter für ein Schaltgerät
DE102014102875B4 (de) * 2014-03-05 2016-05-25 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Betätigungsvorrichtung zum Betätigen einer Vakuumschaltröhre, Schaltvorrichtung mit einer solchen Betätigungsvorrichtung sowie Laststufenschalter mit einer solchen Schaltvorrichtung
FR3023963B1 (fr) * 2014-07-17 2018-03-09 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Procede de determination de l'usure des contacts electriques d'un appareil electrique interrupteur
CN105116818B (zh) * 2015-07-16 2018-01-16 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 交流接触器的监控方法和系统
CN108426709B (zh) * 2018-04-27 2024-02-23 山东泰开高压开关有限公司 一种gil弹簧触指试验装置
KR102307853B1 (ko) 2019-02-18 2021-09-30 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 진공차단기용 동작 감지 장치 및 이를 갖는 진공차단기
US11875956B2 (en) 2019-02-18 2024-01-16 Ls Electric Co., Ltd. Contact point monitoring device for vacuum circuit breaker, and vacuum circuit breaker comprising same
FR3125655A1 (fr) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-27 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Dispositif de coupure d’un circuit électrique de moyenne tension

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Publication number Publication date
CN1748273A (zh) 2006-03-15
DE50309598D1 (de) 2008-05-21
EP1573760A1 (de) 2005-09-14
DE10260248A1 (de) 2004-07-22
DE10260248B4 (de) 2005-07-21
WO2004057633A1 (de) 2004-07-08
CN100409386C (zh) 2008-08-06

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