EP1563242B1 - Integration of a large calibre gun on a ship - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for integrating a large-calibre gun on a ship, including connecting a turret having an armament of a lad gun with a calibre >127 mm in a modular configuration to an adaptor plate and a shock-absorbing mounting, and installing the turret on the ship so that an existing steel structure of the ship withstands increased recoil forces from the armament.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for integrating a large-caliber gun on a ship according to the features of the preambles of claims 1 and 2 and a ship's gun according to the features of the preamble of claim 6.

State of the art

According to the prior art, it is known that ships currently with ammunition caliber 57, 76, 100 to max. Shoot 127 mm to a range of 15 to 18 km. The development of guided missiles with Landzielbekämpfungsfähigkeit was taken by some nations. The effectiveness of the guns used varies depending on the caliber, cadence and type of ammunition used. In general, however, it can be stated that the effect increases in the target with the caliber. Large-caliber guns from the army artillery are currently not used for this, because the ship's structure does not withstand the recoil forces of a larger caliber ammunition permanently.

From the guns used on land, it is known that large-caliber ammunition can be fired accurately at distances up to 40 km. The resulting kickback effects are minimized by appropriate technical solutions, such as return damper.

The currently used marine munitions are specially manufactured and are not compatible with land munitions. Other ammunition, eg. B. tank ammunition, etc. can not be used. Under certain circumstances, there are Nachschubengpässe for foreign missions. Another disadvantage, the previously used marine munitions is the short range, whereby targets on land can not be fought without significant own risk. Another disadvantage of the relatively small caliber of the guns is that the guns prone to weather, such. As wind are, resulting in small ammunition, a relatively high dispersion occurs.

Next adversely can carry on the aforementioned known ship floors no intelligent subsidiary floors, z. Eg cutting ammunition, fog. In order to achieve an effect, a high hit accuracy is required, i. H. It may take a higher number of shots.

The z. At present turrets used on ships are not gas-tight. Moreover, because they are "hardmounted" (rigidly) connected to the ship, the recoil forces are initiated in a possible use of large caliber ammunition directly into the ship structure and would lead to the destruction of selbige. Reinforcing the ship structure on the steel side would lead to a high weight and the obvious obvious disadvantages, as well as considerable additional costs.

Such a gun is known from EP 0 051 119 A1. An automatic loading system for a large caliber ammunition is described. A howitzer (155 mm) is mounted on a carriage. In turn, the gun carriage is permanently installed on a ship's deck. This results in the problem that the recoil forces of the howitzer / gun carriage are introduced directly into the ship's structure.

When using conventional ship guns, the rotation of the ship about the longitudinal axis leads to significant problems in the determination of the coordinates, under which the accuracy falls with under and unwanted scattering occurs.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention is to meet the existing military requirements to realize the capability of naval fire support (NFS) for the use of military ships in the coastal area, in particular the fire support amphibious operations is important here, the projectile range should be considerably increased, so that also targets inland with a high Hit accuracy can be combated. The solution of the task is to be made possible in new construction, or conversion of ships without serious changes in the steel structure and with the least possible financial and time.

This object is achieved by the features mentioned in patent claims 1 and 5.

The invention is based on the finding that the use of the hitherto unsuitable land guns on ships meets the new needs of the navies, not to cover with expensive new development, but with existing, even exceeding the expectations of technology. Through the use of land guns with a caliber> 127 mm on a ship, the mature technology of large-caliber land artillery can be used advantageously in a new ship. In a further advantageous manner, the tower of a land gun can be connected with an adapter plate and a shock-absorbing storage and installed on the ship that the existing steel structure of the ship withstands the increased recoil forces. In a particularly simple manner, this installation can be done in modular design, so that no significant changes are made on the ship and the installation can be made for a short time. The land guns with a caliber> 127 mm can be used unchanged, with the projectile deck to be transferred recoil forces is absorbed in a particularly advantageous manner by a shock absorbing storage, so that by the advantageous technically easy to manufacture adaptation, design of the adapter plate and additional shock absorption over the Deck floor a connection of the standard of the ship technology with the standard land technology is manufactured, whereby this new need of the navies is not covered with expensive new development, but with the existing land guns preferably the 155 mm howitzer.

By example, modular use of the tower and the weapon system of Panzerhaubitze 155 mm as a ship's gun can be achieved in a particularly advantageous manner, a long range and a strong effect in the target with low dispersion. The gun according to the invention can further advantageously intelligent submunitions, z. B. Zerlege- or fog ammunition, etc. carry. In the coastal area, the use of a turret with the 155 mm gun howitzer as a ship's gun, with an advantageous range of ≥ 40 km from a safe position, enables on-land fire support. In a further advantageous manner, the modular installation of the howitzer on the ship can be sealed ABC tight by the use of a radial damper, so that a threat to the operator is excluded.

When using the 155 mm tank howitzer as a ship gun, a reduction of recoil forces must take place. By a shock-absorbing, elastic storage There is a temporal extension of the introduction of force, so that technically acceptable residual accelerations are achieved for the ship's deck. Despite the use of this elastic bearing, a positional reference above the elastic bearing on the gun will ensure correct registration. This positional alignment is made possible by an inertial platform with GPS and satellite navigation arranged on the turret, which determines the position of the weapon barrel in space and the geographical position on the ground, thereby avoiding the disadvantages of ship-related influences of the previous naval guns , For the reason above, the invention now allows shots from a moving ship surface to a moving target.

The long range allows a greater distance of the ship to the land whereby a location of the ship is much more difficult. By contrast, destinations on land can be easily located by helicopter and drone from the ship. Advantageously, the use of carrier bullets is also made possible by the invention, which targets are definitely taken when using bomblets without 100% exact target coordinates are required, this being a particular advantage at sea in the fight against ships. In a further advantageous manner, the invention allows a doubling of the control range at sea for sea targets. Due to the sophisticated, intelligent sensor technology of the gun howitzer, the gun carriage aligns itself again, although the ship moves on. Due to the high accuracy, a significant reduction of the shots to be delivered is achieved. The use of the turret and weaponry of 155 mm howitzer makes the ammunition compatible between the various units of the naval and naval forces. In the future, naval ships can also fight targets far inland, whereby the use of intelligent (subsidiary) ammunition is also possible.

Short description of the drawing

Figur 1

zeigt in einer Seitenansicht den modularen Einbau eines Turmes mit Waffenanlage einer Panzerhaubitze auf einem Schiff.

Figur 2

verdeutlicht den modularen Aufbau des Turmes der Panzerhaubitze in einer vergrößerten Darstellung.

Figur 3

verdeutlicht in einer Draufsicht ein bisheriges Schiffsgeschütz mit der Befestigungseinrichtung auf dem Deck, die auch der Befestigung des Turmes der Panzerhaubitze 155 mm dient.

The invention will be described in detail with reference to an embodiment in the following figures.

FIG. 1

shows in a side view the modular installation of a tower with weapons system of a howitzer on a ship.

FIG. 2

clarifies the modular structure of the turret of the howitzer in an enlarged view.

FIG. 3

illustrates in a plan view a previous ship's gun with the fastening device on the deck, which also serves to attach the tower of the Panzerhaubitze 155 mm.

Ways to carry out the invention

FIG. 1 illustrates the construction of a land gun 1 on the upper deck 7 of a ship 2 of the naval forces. In the example shown, a rotatable tower 3 with höhenrichtbarer armament 15 of a land gun on the example of the tanker 155 155 mm succesfully used by the land forces visible.

The tower 3 is equipped with an unrecognizable inertial platform with GPS satellite navigation at the tower 3 or at the gun carriage. This measures the position of the tube 3 in space and the geographical position on the earth. Via satellite navigation, the exact position of the turret 3 is determined and consequently the necessary orientation of the tube 15 can be calculated. An unillustrated Feuerleitrechner receives the desired target coordinates and determines the necessary ballistic curve regardless of the ship-related influences. For the firing of the tower 3 is rotated according to the target calculation about its axis and the tube 3 is directed to the trunnion axis 16 in height.

The recoil forces of the gun barrel 15 act only after the shot. For the next shot the necessary alignment is calculated again. On the ship must be prevented that the recoil forces cause damage in the ship's structure. This is advantageously achieved by an adapter 4 shown in FIG. 2 or an adapter plate with a shock-absorbing support 5, which are interconnected and installed on the ship so that the existing steel structure of the ship 2 withstands the increased recoil forces.

The shock-absorbing bearing 5 is supported by a mounting frame 6. The mounting frame 6 can be fixed together with the adapter plate in the tower modular as a unit. In this case, the mounting frame 6 is designed so that it compensates for the space of a present on the free deck of the ship 7 hole and can be mounted on the existing hole edge portion 9 of the deck 7.

This is done by a correspondingly dimensioned multiple screw fastening 19 in the edge region 9 as a connection to the ship structure, which can be connected directly to the upper deck without Zwischenfundamentierung (eg., Potting compound).

The lower half of the tower turntable 12 is connected to an intermediate frame 4,13 or the adapter 4 or the adapter plate, or inserted therein, wherein the intermediate frame 13 is connected to the shock-absorbing mounting 5. The adapter plate 4 and the intermediate frame 13 have in a manner not shown on an appropriate, scalable according to the respective frame spacing shape with integrated stiffening structures for static and dynamic force application of the gun weight in the structure of the carrier ship.

The shock-absorbing bearing elements 5 consist of energy-absorbing damper and shock elements and reduce on a damping of about max. 150 mm the forces to be transferred to the deck to a tolerable level. The shock-absorbing bearing 5 consists of bearing elements 5 ', which are arranged in a segment on the circumference. The bearing elements 5 'are connected to the intermediate frame 4,13 so that they absorb pressure and tensile forces depending on the weft direction and elevation angle and accordingly compressed or pulled apart elastically for shock control. The bearing elements 5 'are multi-axially resilient according to the weft direction and elastically deformable. They can for example consist of a rubber compound, a steel spring or another suitable elastically deformable spring or damping element.

The mounting frame 6 is formed such that it is placed in a modular manner with the shock-absorbing bearing 5 and the tower 3 as a unit on the deck and firmly connected. The mounting frame 6 also allows mounting in another Sequence. Thus, a pre-assembly of the frame 6 on the deck and a subsequent use of the remaining parts in the mounting frame is possible.

For airtight ABC seal between the intermediate frame 13 and the mounting frame 6, a radial damper 14 is arranged, which preferably consists of a hollow rubber hose.

On the open deck, a sealing skirt 10 protects the bearing elements 5 and partially the mounting frame 6 against splash water. In a manner not shown are shock-resistant connection options of the ship with the module 18 of the tank howitzer.

• Die Munitionszufuhr kann vollautomatisiert werden;
• es besteht die Verwendung von STEALTH- Techologie für den Turm;
• eine horizontale Förderung ist möglich;
• ein Anschluß des Turmes an das Druckluftsystem des Schiffes ist vorteilhaft möglich, wodurch für einen automatischen Lader ein separater Kompressor entfallen kann;
• der Einsatz einer aktiven Rohrkühlung;
• Einsatz einer verlängerten Rücklaufeinrichtung zur Vereinfachung der Dämpfungsglieder;
• Anbindung der Feuerleitung an das Einsatzsystem auf dem Schiff und Zieldatenübernahme von schiffsgeschützten Feuerleiteinrichtungen.

A deformable bottom seal to the top deck provides gas tightness and grounding / grounding. The installation of the gun howitzer on a naval ship further leads to the following advantageous improvements:

• The ammunition supply can be fully automated;
• there is the use of STEALTH techology for the tower;
• horizontal funding is possible;
• a connection of the tower to the compressed air system of the ship is advantageously possible, whereby a separate compressor can be omitted for an automatic loader;
• the use of active tube cooling;
• Use of an extended return device to simplify the attenuators;
• Connection of the fire control to the ship's mission system and target data transfer from ship-protected fire control systems.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

gun

2

ship

3

Tower / gun carriage

4

adapter plate

5

shock absorbing storage

5 '

Damping element / bearing element

6

mounting frame

7

deck

8th

hole

9

border area

10

sealing skirt

11

Turret body area

12

Turret ring

13

intermediate frame

14

radial damper

15

Armament / weapon system / pipe

16

Schill pin axis

17

Slewing ring part

18

module

19

Mehrfachschraubbefestigung

Claims (15)

1. Method for integration of large-calibre guns on a ship, with a turret (3) or a gun carriage being installed with armaturement (15) of a land gun (1) with a calibre of > 127 mm on the ship, characterized in that the turret (3) or gun carriage is connected in a modular form to an adapter plate (4), and via a shock-absorbing bearing (5) in such a manner that the existing steel structure of the ship (2) withstands the increased recoil forces.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shock-absorbing bearing (5) is supported by a mounting frame (6), and the mounting frame (6) is mounted together with the adapter plate (4) and the turret (3) or gun carriage in a modular form on the ship (2), with the mounting frame (6) being used for space compensation for a hole (8) which is provided on the free deck (7) of the ship (2), and with the mounting frame (6) being mounted on the adjacent hole edge area of the deck (7).
3. Method according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the shock-absorbing bearing (5) on the mounting frame (6) is protected by means of a sealing skirt (10) against waves of water.
4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the turret body area (11), which is located under the turret (3), is sealed such that it is NBC-proof by a radial damper (14) which is located between the mounting frame (6) and an intermediate frame (13), which is connected to the rotating turret ring (12), of the adapter (4).
5. Ship gun having a turret which can be rotated in the azimuth direction and having a weapon which can be aimed in elevation, with the turret (3) or the gun carriage and the weapon system (15) being those of a land gun (1) with a calibre of > 127 mm, characterized in that the turret (3) or the gun carriage together with the weapon system (15) is of modular design and is mounted in a shock-absorbing bearing (5), which can be mounted on the ship, in order to avoid unacceptable recoil forces acting on the ship structure.
6. Ship gun according to Claim 5, characterized in that the turret (3) and the weapon system (15) are those of an armoured-vehicle howitzer with a calibre of 155 mm.
7. Ship gun according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a lower rotating ring part (17) of a rotating ring (12) which is mounted on the turret (3) is connected to an intermediate frame (4, 13) and/or to an adapter or an adapter plate, or is inserted therein, with the intermediate frame (4, 13) furthermore being connected to the shock-absorbing bearing (5).
8. Ship gun according to Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the shock-absorbing bearing (5) has a damping movement of a maximum of about 150 mm.
9. Ship gun according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the shock-absorbing bearing (5) comprises bearing elements (5') which are arranged like segments on the circumference.
10. Ship gun according to Claim 9, characterized in that the bearing elements (5') are connected to the intermediate frame (4, 13) in such a way that they absorb pressure or tension forces depending on the firing direction and the elevation angle, and are elastically compressed or drawn out of one another in a corresponding manner for shock absorption.
11. Ship gun according to one of Claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the bearing elements (5') can be loaded and can be elastically deformed on more than one axis, for example by being composed of a rubber mixture, of a steel spring or of some other suitable elastically deformable spring or damping element.
12. Ship gun according to one of Claims 5 to 11, characterized by a mounting frame (6) which on the one hand can be connected firmly to the free deck (7) and on the other hand is fitted with the shock-absorbing bearing (5).
13. Ship gun according to Claim 12, characterized by a radial damper (14), which preferably comprises a hollow rubber flexible tube and is arranged between the intermediate frame (13) and the mounting frame (6) in order to provide an air-tight NBC seal.
14. Ship gun according to either of Claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the bearing elements (5') and the mounting frame (6) are protected by a sealing skirt (10) against waves of water.
15. Ship gun according to one of Claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the turret (3) or the gun carriage is equipped with an inertial platform which contains a GPS-supported, high-precision inertial navigation system, which directly determines the attitude of the weapon barrel in space and the geographical position on the earth, without ship-related influences.

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