EP1559119B1 - Dispositif magnetorheologique ameliore - Google Patents

Dispositif magnetorheologique ameliore Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1559119B1
EP1559119B1 EP03796366A EP03796366A EP1559119B1 EP 1559119 B1 EP1559119 B1 EP 1559119B1 EP 03796366 A EP03796366 A EP 03796366A EP 03796366 A EP03796366 A EP 03796366A EP 1559119 B1 EP1559119 B1 EP 1559119B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetorheological fluid
particles
fluid
iron
ester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP03796366A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1559119A2 (fr
Inventor
K. Andrew Kintz
Teresa L. Forehand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lord Corp
Original Assignee
Lord Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/288,769 external-priority patent/US6886819B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/289,071 external-priority patent/US7087184B2/en
Application filed by Lord Corp filed Critical Lord Corp
Publication of EP1559119A2 publication Critical patent/EP1559119A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1559119B1 publication Critical patent/EP1559119B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • H01F1/447—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids characterised by magnetoviscosity, e.g. magnetorheological, magnetothixotropic, magnetodilatant liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/105—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
    • C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/185—Magnetic fluids

Definitions

  • Magnetorheological (MR) devices of the "rotary-acting" or “linear-acting” variety such as linear dampers, rotary brakes and rotary clutches employ magnetorheological materials as dry particles or particles dispersed in fluids occupying the working gap within the device.
  • the particles are comprised of magneto-soft particles. The higher the applied magnetic field strength, the higher the damping or resistive force or torque needed to overcome the particle structure aligned within the field.
  • MR devices are disclosed in U.S. -A- 5,816,372 entitled “Magnetorheological Fluid Devices And Process Of Controlling Force In Exercise Equipment Utilizing Same”; U.S. -A- 5,711,746 entitled “Portable Controllable Fluid Rehabilitation Devices”; U.S. -A- 5,842,547 entitled “Controllable Brake”; U.S.-A-5,875,871 entitled “Controllable Vibration Apparatus” and U.S.-A-5,547,049 , 5,492,312 , 5,398,917 , 5,284,330 , and 5,277,281 .
  • the present invention is directed to dampers that include a housing or chamber that contains the magnetically controllable fluid disclosed hereinbelow, with a movable member, a piston or rotor, mounted for movement through the fluid in the housing.
  • the housing and the movable member both include a magnetically permeable pole piece.
  • a magnetic field generator produces a magnetic field across both pole pieces for directing the magnetic flux to desired regions of the controllable fluid.
  • Such devices require precisely toleranced components, expensive seals, expensive bearings, and a relatively small volume of magnetically controllable fluid.
  • MR devices as currently designed are comparatively expensive to manufacture. There is a continuing need for reducing the cost of controllable MR devices for providing variable forces and/or torques.
  • MR fluids containing magnetically active fine particles generally on the order of 1-100 ⁇ m average diameter employ conventional iron particles manufactured by the carbonyl process, whereby particles are grown by precipitation of pentacarbonyl salts.
  • the cost of carbonyl powders are notoriously high.
  • Magnetorheological fluids have been manufactured that employ magnetically active particles manufactured by an atomization method, which is a reductive process of dividing a molten metal stream into small particles. The molten metal stream is delivered into a high pressure, high velocity stream and divided by high shear and turbulence (hereinafter collectively referred to as "atomized particles").
  • US-A-2002/0130305 discloses a magnetorheological fluid formulation exhibiting consistently high yield stress during use.
  • the MR fluid comprises martensitic or ferritic stainless steel particles prepared by a controlled water or inert gas atomization process.
  • the stainless steel particles are resistant to corrosion and oxidation, are generally smooth and spherical, and maintain their shape and size distribution throughout their use under an applied magnetic field.
  • any particulate metals for use in MR fluids is in one respect determined by analyzing the deviation from a Gaussian distribution, and can be illustrated by a regression analysis.
  • Mixtures of two different populations heretofore taught in the art have provided a degree of conformity to a Gaussian distribution that approaches the distribution of carbonyl iron-based particles.
  • a 50:50 wt. mixture of carbonyl iron and water-atomized particles available as of the filing date in the '664 patent exhibit a log normal size distribution, R 2 , of 0.82.
  • the particle blends heretofore available suffer from the same economic drawbacks.
  • magnetorheological fluid according to claim 1 is provided.
  • linear or rotary magnetically controllable devices such as dampers, clutches, brakes, and haptic interface systems employing such devices and the magnetorheolocial fluid or powder according to the invention.
  • the devices are characterized as containing within the working gap or space, magnetically responsive particles (magnetically-soft particles) of a single atomization process stream population (i.e., non-mixtures) defined by particles having a 10% volume fraction (D 10 ) of 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, or 4 ⁇ m up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m; a 50% volume fraction (D 50 diameter) of 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 11 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, or 14 ⁇ m, up to and including a D 50 of 15 ⁇ m; a 90 % volume fraction (D 90 ) of 25 ⁇ m up to and including a D 90 of 40 ⁇ m; and the single process population of atomized particles is further characterized by a least squares regression from log normal particle size against cumulative volume % (R 2 ) of greater than or equal to 0.77.
  • the rotary devices according to the invention employ the magnetorheological fluid, or magnetizable particles of
  • a MR fluid comprising a volume percent of carrier fluid, and a volume percent of particles from a single atomization process stream, and optionally an additive that reduces the interparticle friction
  • the magnetic-responsive particles exhibit a D 10 of 2 ⁇ m up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m, a D 50 of 8 ⁇ m up to and including D 50 of 15 ⁇ m, and a D 90 of 25 ⁇ m up to and including a D 90 of 40 ⁇ m
  • the atomized particle population is also characterized by a least squares regression from log normal particle size against cumulative volume % (R 2 ) of greater than or equal to 0.77.
  • the invention is further directed to the magnetorheological rotary device of claim 26 containing the above described particles within the working gap, with or without a carrier fluid.
  • the invention is further directed to a haptic interface system of claim 24 operated by users to provide resistance forces against a haptic interface device.
  • the system includes a controller for receiving a variable input signal and providing a variable output signal.
  • the controller is adapted for running a program that processes a variable input signal and in response derives the variable output signal.
  • the haptic interface device is in communication with at least one magnetically-controllable device disclosed herein. Preferred embodiments of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims.
  • Figure 1 is a log normal regression plot by Excel® of the curves of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for iron particles taken from the data in TABLES 1- 8 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18.
  • Figure 2 is a log normal regression plot by Excel® of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for prior art carbonyl iron particles taken from the data in TABLE 1 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18.
  • Figure 3 is a log normal regression plot by Excel® of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for conventional atomized particles taken from the data in TABLE 2 below, as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18.
  • Figure 4 is a log normal regression plot by Excel® of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for conventional atomized iron particles taken from the data in TABLE 3 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18.
  • Figure 5 is a log normal regression plot by Excel® of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for conventional atomized particles taken from the data in TABLE 4 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments. Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18.
  • Figure 6 a log normal regression plot by Excel@ of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for conventional atomized particles taken from the data in TABLE 5 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18
  • Figure 7 is a log normal regression plot by Excel® of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for conventional atomized particles taken from the data in TABLE 6 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18
  • Figure 8 is a log normal regression plot by Excel@ of cumulative vol. % vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for conventional atomized particles taken from the data in TABLE 7 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18
  • Figure 9 is a log normal regression plot by Excel@ of cumulative vol.% vs. particle size ( ⁇ m) for atomized particles of Example 1 taken from the data in TABLE 8 below as measured using a Malvern Instruments, Ltd, Mastersizer® S, Version 2.18
  • Figure 10 is a cross sectional side view, a simple schematic of the piston portion of an MR damping device.
  • the linear or rotary controllable devices include brakes, pistons, clutches, and dampers which are known in the art.
  • dampers which include magnetorheological fluids are disclosed in U.S.-A-5,390,121 and 5,277,281 .
  • a linear controllable damping apparatus for variably damping motion employs the magnetorheological fluid specified herein and comprises the following elements:
  • Example devices herein are fluid valves, composite structures and structural elements, shock absorbers, haptic devices, exercise equipment, electric switches, prosthetic devices including rapidly setting casts, elastomeric mounts, vibration mounts and other similar devices constructed to contain an excess of the amount of instant magnetorheological fluid required to occupy the working gap via a reservoir of magnetorheological fluid outside of the working gap from which particles can migrate into the working gap.
  • a first portion of the magnetorheological fluid is positioned in working gap while a second portion of the magnetorheological fluid is positioned outside the working gap, but in fluid communication with the magnetorheological fluid in the working gap, i.e., in fluid containment compartment.
  • particles from the second portion move into the working gap thus increasing the force output of the magnetorheological fluid device as a result of the increased particle concentration in the magnetorheological fluid in the working gap.
  • the particle volume concentration in the first portion of the magnetorheological fluid is greater than the static or off-state overall particle volume concentration.
  • Static or off-state particle volume concentration means the average particle volume concentration exhibited by the combination of the magnetorheological fluid in the first portion and the controllable fluid in the second portion when a magnetic field is not being applied.
  • a magnetorheological fluid controllable damper has essential components of a stationary housing, movable piston and field generator.
  • the housing contains a predetermined volume of the MR fluid described herein.
  • the damper has two principal modes of operation: sliding plate and flow (or valve) modes. Components of both modes will be present in every MR damper, with the force component of the flow or valve mode dominating.
  • the damper functions as a Coulomb or Bingham type damper, in which the force generated is controllable independently of piston velocity and large forces can be generated with low or zero velocity. This independence improves the controllability of the damper making the force a function of a precisely modulated magnetic field strength, which is a function of current flow in the circuit.
  • FIG. 10 there is depicted in crossectional side view, a simple schematic of the piston portion of an MR device, well known in the art and more fully illustrated in U.S.-A-5,277,281, issued Jan. 11, 1994 .
  • a piston is located within the housing (not shown).
  • Piston head 30 on piston rod 32 is formed with a smaller maximum diameter than the inner diameter of the housing.
  • the depicted piston embodiment contains coil 40 wound on core element 43 and residing in cup member 53.
  • piston rod 32 is connected to a first end of an electrically conductive rod which extends through piston rod 32, a lead connected to a first end of coil windings and a ground lead from the other end of the coil winding.
  • the upper end of piston rod 32 not shown has threads formed thereon to permit attachment to the damper.
  • An external power supply which provides a current in the range of 0-4 amps at a voltage of 12-24 volts, depending upon application, is connected to the leads.
  • Cup member 53 has a plurality of passageways 56 each having a predefined gap formed therein. In other typical embodiments, the gap is provided in an annulus. One or more seals such as at 54 extend about the periphery of cup member 53. Cup member 53 is attached to core element 43 by any fastening means, such as by threaded fasteners, not shown. A coil may alternatively be associated with the housing providing the possibility of a more stationary coil if desired.
  • the device of the present invention utilizes a predefined annular flow gap ranging from 0.1 to 0.90 mm, and preferably 0.4 to 0.6 mm. The gap is desiredly small so as to provide compact MR fluid devices that generate a relatively high on-state force. Within the device gap of from 0.08 mm to 0.9 mm, more particularly within a working gap of 0.08 to 0.75 mm is an MR fluid comprising a carrier and magnetic-responsive particles obtained from a single atomization process stream disclosed above.
  • a representative MR fluid clutch or brake includes a housing, preferably having first and second halves with substantially similar internal dimensions, preferably a disc-shaped rotor, a rotatable shaft, preferably manufactured from a magnetically soft material which has an optional key slot therein, a magnetically-soft yoke preferably having substantially identical first and second pole piece halves, grease or oil impregnated, porous, non-magnetic bushings, which radially support the shaft; elastomer seals, preferably of the elastomer quad-ring variety; disc-like springs for centering the rotor, a coil assembly for generating a changeable magnetic field which includes a polymeric bobbin, e.g., nylon, and multiple hoop wound wire coils, and electrical connectors and
  • Each pole piece half has a recess formed therein, which together interact to form the recess which receives the working portion of the rotor.
  • Receiving rotor in the recess creates the first and second gaps adjacent to the working surface which contain a sufficient volume of the MR fluid specified herein.
  • Clutches are of the barrel rotor type or multi-plate clutch are well known and described, for example In U.S.-A-5,988,366 .
  • the MR fluid contained in the recess is of the dry powder type, absent a fluid carrier, or of the MR fluid type.
  • the particles responsive to the magnetic field contained in the working gap are of a single process yield of atomized particles having a population exhibiting a R 2 of greater than or equal to 0.77 and also characterized by volume fraction D 10 of 2 ⁇ m up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m, a D 50 of 8 ⁇ m up to and including a D 50 of 15 ⁇ m, and a D 90 of 25 ⁇ m up to and including a D 90 of 40 ⁇ m.
  • An exemplary controllable brake in accordance with the invention comprises:
  • the housing halves of a controllable brake are manufactured from, wrought steel, stamped steel, cast or machined aluminum, aluminum alloys, powdered metal, or the like. Most preferable housing materials are cast aluminum or a zinc/aluminum alloy.
  • Each housing half preferably has a pole pocket formed therein and spaced radially outward from a shaft axis. The pockets are formed near its outermost radial portion for receiving ring-like pole piece halves of the magnetically-soft yoke therein. It is conventionally taught that spacing between the magnetically-soft yoke away from the shaft prevents or minimizes stray magnetic field buildup in the area adjacent to the shaft.
  • the housing performs the functions of supporting the shaft and creating a portion of the MR fluid containment.
  • the housing also includes projecting flange portions, preferably of which there are three or four pair, which are equally spaced and which are bolted together via fasteners, such as with socket-head cap screw and nut, to secure the assembly together.
  • the housing also includes means to prevent rotation of the pole piece halves relative to each other and relative to the housing halves.
  • One such preventive means is a nub and receiving groove for preventing rotation.
  • the fasteners could interact with localized cutouts or recesses formed in the radial outer periphery of pole pieces to restrain rotation thereof. Inducing a magnetic field between the poles causes structuring of the magnetic responsive particles which become polarized and align into chains acting across the first and second gaps.
  • the metal particles have a density range of from about 6.4 gm/cm 3 to about 7.8 gm/cm 3 .
  • the rheology change responsive to the magnitude of the magnetic field causes an increase in torsional resistance between the housing and rotor at the working section thereof, with the resulting increased resistance to torsional rotation of the shaft relative to the housing. This provides the controllable resistance in the system which the MR brake is used, which for typical embodiments, can range up to about 220 in.-1b. of torque output.
  • a controllable damper or controllable brake or both may also be incorporated as part of a haptic interface system in accordance with the invention.
  • a haptic interface system which comprises a haptic interface device movable by an operator in at least one direction of rotation or displacement, the haptic interface system provides resistance forces to the haptic interface device.
  • the system includes a controller for receiving a variable input signal and providing a variable output signal.
  • the controller is adapted for running a program that processes said variable input signal and in response derives the variable output signal.
  • the haptic interface device is in communication with at least one magnetically-controllable device, such as a damper. There may be more than one similar or different controllable device in the haptic interface system.
  • the at least one controllable damper or brake device has a plurality of positions, wherein an ease of movement of the haptic interface device among the plurality of positions is controlled by the variable resistance force of the controllable device that contains an MR fluid, in the case of a damper, and either a powdered magnetically soft material, or magnetically soft particles dispersed in a carrier fluid (MR fluid).
  • MR fluid carrier fluid
  • the magnetically soft (magnetically-responsive) particles are derived from a single atomization process population having a D 10 of 2 ⁇ m up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m; a D 50 of 8 ⁇ m to a D 50 of 15 ⁇ m; and D 90 of 25 ⁇ m up to a D 90 of 40 ⁇ m; and wherein the single process population exhibits least squares regression from log normal distribution (R 2 ) of 0.77 and higher.
  • the powder or MR fluid receives the variable output signal and provides a variable resistance force as a function of the variable output signal.
  • the resistance function may be directly proportional, or a derivative of the variable output signal as provided by a computer data algorithm.
  • variable resistance forces are provided by changing the rheology of an MR powder or fluid in response to the output signal to directly control the ease of movement, simulate resulting forces and/or simulate a boundary limit of motion of the haptic interface device, among other types of forces.
  • the variable resistance forces provide resistance against the displacement of the haptic interface device induced by the operator in at least one direction of displacement.
  • Examples of vehicles and machinery that can incorporate the haptic interface system of the present invention comprise industrial vehicles, watercraft, overhead cranes, trucks, automobiles, and robots.
  • the haptic interface device may comprise, but shall not be limited to a steering wheel, crank, foot pedal, knob, mouse, joystick or lever.
  • the haptic interface system in accordance with the invention includes one or more motors connected to the interface device in order to impart the force feedback sensation.
  • Typical motors include direct current (DC) stepper motors and servomotors. If the interface device is a joystick, motors are used to impart force in an x-direction, in a y-direction, or in combination to provide force in any direction that the joystick may be moved. Similarly, if the interface device is a steering wheel, motors are used to impart rotational force in clockwise and counterclockwise direction. Thus, motors are used to impart forces in any direction that the interface device may be moved.
  • DC direct current
  • the motor may be connected to the interface device through a gear train, or other similar energy transfer device, in order to provide force in more than one direction.
  • a reversible motor is typically utilized to provide force in two different directions.
  • mechanisms are required to engage and disengage the various gears or energy transfer devices to provide force in the proper direction at the proper time.
  • other typical systems use more than one motor to provide force in the required directions.
  • current systems utilize a number of differing approaches to handle the delivery of force feedback sensations.
  • the controller may send signals to the vehicle, machine or computer simulation in response to information obtained by a sensor and other inputs for purposes of controlling the operation of the vehicle, machine or computer simulation.
  • a force feedback signal is sent to the magnetically controllable device which in turn controls the haptic interface, such as a joystick, steering wheel, mouse or the like to reflect the control of the vehicle, machine or computer simulation.
  • the system additionally comprises a controller, such as a computer system, adapted to run an interactive program and a sensor that detects the position of the haptic interface device and provides a corresponding variable input signal to the controller.
  • the controller processes the interactive program, and the variable input signal from the sensor, and provides a variable output signal corresponding to a semi-active, variable resistance force that provides the operator with tactile sensations as computed by the interactive program.
  • the variable output signal energizes a magnetic field generating device, disposed adjacent to the first and second members, to produce a magnetic field having a strength proportional to the variable resistance force.
  • the magnetic field is applied across the MR fluid disclosed herein which is disposed in the working gap or space between the first and second members.
  • the applied magnetic field changes the resistance force of the MR fluid associated with relative movement, such as linear, rotational or curvilinear motion, between the first and second members in communication with the haptic interface device.
  • the variable output signal from the controller controls the strength of the applied magnetic field, and hence the variable resistance force of the MR fluid.
  • the resistance force provided by energizing the MR fluid controls the ease of movement of the haptic interface device among a plurality of positions.
  • the haptic interface system provides an operator of a vehicle, machine, or computer simulation, force feedback sensations through the magnetically-controllable device that opposes the movement of the haptic interface device.
  • the haptic interface device is in operative contact with the operator of a vehicle, machine or computer system.
  • the magnetically-controllable device beneficially comprises the MR fluid between a first and second member, where the second member is in communication with the haptic interface device.
  • the haptic interface system of the present invention may be used to control vehicle steering, throttling, clutching and braking; computer simulations; machinery motion and functionality. Examples of vehicles and machinery that might include the haptic interface system of the present invention comprise industrial vehicles and watercraft, overhead cranes, trucks, automobiles, and robots.
  • the haptic interface device may comprise, but shall not be limited to a steering wheel, crank, foot pedal, knob, mouse, joystick and lever.
  • the MR fluid herein described is distributed about an absorbent element which is disposed between the first and second member.
  • the preferred absorbent element is a reticulated, porous polymeric matrix and is resilient
  • the resilient element is preferably positioned in the device in a partially compressed state from a resting state, preferably in the amount of about 30%-70% compression from the resting state.
  • the absorbent element may be formed as a matrix structure having open spaces for retaining the MR fluid. Suitable materials for the absorbent element comprise open-celled foam, such as from a polyurethane material, among others.
  • a preferred haptic interface system is disclosed in U.S.-A-6,373,465 .
  • Magnetically responsive particles or MR fluid comprising a carrier and responsive particles are obtained from a single atomization process stream that possess unique particle distribution by the fact that the particles are unclassified except for removal of a minute fraction representing less than 5%, more typically less than 2% by volume, and more preferably less than 1% by volume of waste including outsized, a single coarse screening such as through a 200 mesh, 170 mesh or 140 mesh sieve (74, 88, and 105 micrometers, respectively).
  • the term "unclassified” used herein is interpreted to mean no further classification except for a single coarse screening step.
  • the particle population of the single process stream is distinguished on the basis of cumulative volume fractions less than or equal to specified micrometer (micron) size.
  • Instrumented analysis methods known in the art are capable of reporting cumulative volume percent less than or equal to a specified particle size at 10%, 50% and 90%, and are referred to in the art as D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 , respectively.
  • the magnetically responsive particles operating within the working gap are characterized by a D 10 of 2 ⁇ m up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m; a D 50 of 8 ⁇ m to a D 50 of 15 ⁇ m; and D 90 of 25 ⁇ m up to a D 90 of 40 ⁇ m.
  • the particle population from a single atomization process stream is further distinguished by a least squares regression of log normal particle size in microns against the cumulative volume % fraction (R 2 ) of 0.77 and higher.
  • D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 are accurately determined using instruments available in the art.
  • a Malvern Instruments, Ltd. (Malvern, U.K) model Mastersizer ® S, version 2.18 is suitably equipped by the manufacturer to analyze the particle volume distribution and analyze the cumulative vol.% fraction ⁇ m sizes at D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 .
  • the particle fraction data is inputted to conventional regression analysis techniques imbedded in typical statistical software such as Excel@ for determination of R 2 .
  • FIG 1 includes the log normal plots of the data taken from each of the examples below to graphically illustrate the conformity of carbonyl iron (C-1) compared to atomized particle populations and mixtures of atomized particles and carbonyl iron (Control 7).
  • C-1 carbonyl iron
  • Control 7 carbonyl iron
  • the cumulative volume fraction data in relation to log normal particle size ( ⁇ m) was inputted to regression analysis software from Microsoft® Excel, and a least squares regression function calculated.
  • the R 2 values obtained for the examples characterizes the degree of conformity to a log normal distribution.
  • the graph represents a log normal plot of the particle size distribution from the data in TABLE 1 using a Malvern Mastercizer® S for Control 1-carbonyl iron particles, R-2430, ex. ISP Corp. TABLE 1 Control 1 ID" Control 1: carbonyl Iron (grade 2430) Range: 300RF mm Presentation: 3_IP&PAO Modifications: None Conc.
  • Control 2 ID Control 2 Atomet® Grade FPI (-325 mesh) Range: 300RF mm Presentation: 3_IP&PAO Modifications: None Conc.
  • the graph represents a log normal plot of the particle size distribution from the data in TABLE 3 using a Malvern Mastercizer® S for atomized particles of Control 3, FPI Grade II (2), ex. Hoeganes.
  • Control 3 ID Control 3: FPI - Grade 2 Range: 300RF mm Presentation: 3_IP&PAO Modifications: None Conc.
  • the graph represents a log normal plot of the particle size distribution from the data in TABLE 5 using a Malvern Mastercizer® S for atomized particles of Control 5, Atomet® PD 3871, ex. Quebec Metal Powders.
  • Control 5 ID Control 5: Atomet® PD 3871 Range: 300RF mm Presentation: 3_IP&PAO Modifications: None Conc.
  • the graph represents a log normal plot of the particle size distribution from the data in TABLE 6 using a Malvern Mastercizer® S for atomized particles of Control 6, Atomet® PD 4155, ex. Quebec Metal Powders.
  • Control 6 ID Control 6: Atomet® PD 4155 Range: 300RF mm Presentation: 3_IP&PAO Modifications: None Cone.
  • the graph represents a log normal plot of the particle size distribution from the data in TABLE 7 using a Malvern Mastercizer® S for Control 7, a 50:50 wt.% mix of carbonyl iron 2430 and FPI Grade 11.
  • Control 7 ID Control 7 (50:50 mix Ctrl 1 : Ctrl 4) (carbonyl Iron / FPI Grade 2) Range: 300RF mm Presentation: 3_IP&PAO Modifications: None Cone.
  • the graph represents a log normal plot the cumulate vol. % of particles from data in TABLE 8 for atomized particles used in accordance with the invention.
  • Example 1 according to the Invention ID: Example 1 (Atmix PF20E) Range: 300RF mm Presentation: 3_IP&PAO Modifications: None Cone.
  • FIG. 2 Control 1 carbonyl iron 0.86 FIG. 8 Control 7 50:50 mix (U.S -A-6,027,664) 0.82 FIG. 9 Example 1 Hybrid Atomized single process 0.77 FIG. 4 Control 3 Prior art Atomized single process 0.70 FIG. 7 Control 6 Prior art Atomized single process 0.66 FIG. 3 Control 2 Prior art Atomized single process 0.65 FIG 6 Control 5 Prior art Atomized single process 0.63 FIG. 5 Control 4 Prior art Atomized single process 0.63
  • a single process yield atomized particle population exhibiting a R 2 of 0.77 and above improved cost-performance is achieved.
  • the single process atomized particles are also characterized by the particles diameter size within the 10 th , 50 th and 90 th cumulative volume percentiles (D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 , respectively).
  • Magnetically responsive particles of the MR fluids of the present invention exhibit a D 10 of from 2 ⁇ m up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m; a D 50 , of from 8 ⁇ m to and including a D 50 of 15 ⁇ m; and a D 90 of from 25 ⁇ m up to and including a D 90 of 40 ⁇ m.
  • More preferred single process atomized particles are characterized by a D 10 of 2 ⁇ m up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m; a D 50 of 10 ⁇ m to and including a D 50 of 13 ⁇ m; and a D 90 of 28 ⁇ m up to and including a D 90 of 35 ⁇ m.
  • the particle population utilized herein utilizes a process yield from a single process stream, as distinguished from blends of more than one lot, or a blend of particles from different process streams.
  • the improvement is provided wherein the single process population exhibits an R 2 of 0.77 and above, a D 10 from 2 up to and including a D 10 of 5 ⁇ m, a Dso from 8 ⁇ m up to and including a D 50 of 15 ⁇ m, and a D 90 of 25 ⁇ m up to and including a D 90 of 40 ⁇ m.
  • a method to make the particles of a single atomization process yield having the above attributes is disclosed in WO-A-99/11407 .
  • the WO-A-99/11407 process is a hybrid gas-water atomization process whereby gas (e.g. air) flows into an entry of a tapered inlet nozzle as a laminar flow and flows out of the nozzle at near to speed of sound in the vicinity of the exit of the nozzle.
  • gas e.g. air
  • the nozzle assembly contains orifice in a center thereof, a slit surrounding a lower side of the nozzle for injection of water in a shape of an inverse cone, and an ejector tube which is perpendicular to the lower face of the nozzle and coaxial to the orifice.
  • the shape of the nozzle is constructed so that gas is drawn in laminar flow from an upper side of the orifice, the velocity of the gas increases as it passes the narrowing area of the orifice to a speed near or equal to the velocity of sound as gas exits the orifice.
  • the nozzle apparatus contains a baffle plate / annular ring at the exit of the orifice having an aperture with a smaller diameter than an aperture of the exit of the orifice.
  • the pressure of the gas is decreased from the entry to the exit along the nozzle, is raised upon departure from the exit of the nozzle, and the raised pressure of the gas is decreased until reaching to a point of convergence of a liquid jet of the inverse cone shape flow.
  • the gas emerging from the orifice expands abruptly and collides against a wall of liquid jet, and generates expansion and compression waves by reflections of the collided gas. By repeated reflections on the wall of liquid, expansion and compression waves induce splitting action to the flow of molten metal as the atomizing phenomenon takes place.
  • a product providing the single process yield and above-specified D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 was obtained by Atmix Corp, under the PF-20 E designation.
  • U.S.-A-6,254,661 describes a method of producing metal powder by atomizing.
  • the atomized magnetically soft particle compositions prepared in the above hybrid method are composed of elements such as iron alone or iron in combination with alloying levels of aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, silicone, tungsten, boron, manganese and/or copper and the like, e.g., iron : cobalt and iron : nickel alloys ranging from 30:70 W/W to 95:5 W/W, and preferably from 50:50 to 85:15.
  • Exemplary iron-nickel alloys have a typical iron-nickel weight ratio ranging from 90:10 to 99:1, and preferably from 94:6 to 97:3.
  • Alloys may advantageously contain small amounts up to 3 wt.% of other elements, such as vanadium, chromium, etc., in order to improve the ductility and mechanical properties of the alloys.
  • Exemplary particles also comprise iron oxide, and/or iron nitride, and/or iron carbide.
  • Iron oxide includes all known pure iron oxides, such as Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 , as well as those containing small amounts of other elements, such as manganese, zinc or barium. Specific examples of iron oxide include ferrites and magnetites.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles used will have less than 0.01% carbon. In an especially preferred embodiment, the magnetic-responsive particles will contain 97% to 99% iron, and less than 1% oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the particle component represents from 5 to 50 volume percent, and preferably from 15 to 40 vol. % of the total volume of magnetorheological fluid.
  • the volume % of particle component is selected within the specified range depending on the desired magnetic yield stress desired, the viscosity of the MR fluid and other design criteria desired.
  • the density of the magnetically responsive particles will typically range from 6.4 gm/cm 3 to 7.8 gm/cm 3 .
  • weight % corresponding to the above volume fraction of particles, there is 30 to 89 wt.%, preferably 59 to 85 wt. % particles when the carrier fluid and particles of the magnetorheological fluid have a specific gravity of 0.80 and 7.8, respectively.
  • the magnetorheological fluid embodiments contained in the controllable devices of the invention are dispersed in a carrier fluid to provide a magnetorheological fluid composition.
  • the carrier component is typically present in an amount of 50 to 95 volume percent of said magnetorheological fluid.
  • the volume % of particle component in magnetorheological fluid embodiments is any range preselected depending upon the designed yield stress level, off state viscosity, and other fluid or device design factors readily understood by the ordinary skilled person and beyond the scope of this disclosure.
  • the carrier component forms the continuous phase of the magnetorheological fluid.
  • the carrier fluid used to form a magnetorheological fluid from the magnetorheological compositions of the invention may be any of the vehicles or carrier fluids known for use with magnetorheological fluids.
  • the magnetorheological fluid is designed as an aqueous MR fluid, one of skill in the art will understand which of the additives disclosed herein are suitable for such aqueous systems in accordance with the teachings in the published art.
  • Aqueous carrier systems are described, for example, in U.S.-A-5,670,077 .
  • the magnetorheological fluid formed may optionally contain one or more of an appropriate thixotropic agent, an anti-freeze component or a rust-inhibiting agent as representative conventional optional additives.
  • a carrier fluid is an organic liquid.
  • suitable carrier fluids which may be used include natural fatty oils, mineral oils, polyphenylethers, dibasic acid esters, C 3 -C 8 aliphatic alcohol, -glycols, - diols, and higher polyols, neopentylpolyol esters, phosphate esters, synthetic cycloparaffins and synthetic poly ⁇ -olefins, unsaturated hydrocarbon oils, monobasic acid esters, glycol esters and ethers, silicate esters, silicone oils, silicone copolymers, synthetic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated polyethers and esters and halogenated hydrocarbons, and mixtures or blends thereof.
  • Water, and water mixed with miscible organic compounds are useful carrier fluids.
  • a preferred aqueous carrier comprises a mixture of water and one of a C 3 -C 8 diol like ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butan
  • Hydrocarbons such as mineral oils, paraffins, cycloparaffins (also known as naphthenic oils) and synthetic hydrocarbons are the preferred classes of organic carrier fluids.
  • the synthetic hydrocarbon oils include those oils derived from oligomerization of olefins such as polybutenes and oils derived from ⁇ -olefins having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms by acid catalyzed dimerization and by oligomerization using trialuminum alkyls as catalysts. Poly- ⁇ -olefin oils are particularly preferred carrier fluids.
  • Carrier fluids mentioned herein are prepared by methods well known in the art and such fluids are commercially available.
  • Preferred poly- ⁇ -olefin include such products as Durasyn® PAO and Chevron Synfluid® PAO.
  • Preferred poly- ⁇ -olefin carrier fluids exhibit a viscosity of from 0.01 to 0.05 cm 2 /s (1 to 50 centistokes) at 100°C, and more preferably have a viscosity of from 0.01 to 0.1 cm 2 /s (1 to 10 centistokes) at 100 °C.
  • the magnetorheological fluid may optionally include other components such as a thixotropic agent or viscosity modifier, dispersant or surfactant, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, and one or more lubricants.
  • a thixotropic agent or viscosity modifier such as sodium stearate, aluminum stearate, ferrous oleate, ferrous naphthenate, zinc stearate, aluminum tristearate and distearate, sodium stearate, strontium stearate and mixtures thereof.
  • optional additives that provide antioxidant function include zinc dithiophosphates, hindered phenols, aromatic amines, and sulfurized phenols.
  • examples of lubricants include organic fatty acids and amides, lard oil, and high molecular weight organophosphorus compounds, phosphoric acid esters.
  • Example synthetic viscosity modifiers include polymers and copolymers of olefins, methacrylates, dienes or alkylated styrenes.
  • other optional additives providing a steric stabilizing function include fluoroaliphatic polymeric esters, and compounds providing chemical coupling which include organotitanates, -aluminates, -silicone, and -zirconates as coupling agents.
  • optional additive components typically each can range from 0.1 to 12 volume percent, based on the total volume of the magnetorheological fluid.
  • optional ingredients utilized will each be present in the range of 0.5 to 7.5 volume percent based on the total volume of the magnetorheological fluid
  • a thixotropic agent includes any such agent which provides thixotropic rheology.
  • the thixotropic agent is selected in light of the selected carrier fluid. If the magnetorheological fluid is formed with a carrier fluid which is an organic fluid, a thixotropic agent compatible with such a system may be selected.
  • Thixotropic agents useful for such organic fluid systems are described in U.S.-A-5,645,752 .
  • soaps such as the carboxylate soaps listed above are used.
  • the thixotropic agents are typically employed in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 and preferably from 0.5 to 3.0 percent by volume of the magnetorheological fluid.
  • preferred thixotropic agents include soaps, colloidal silica, and organoclay.
  • Preferred embodiments contain an organoclay thixotropic agent such as bentonites. Bentonite clays tend to be thixotropic and shear thinning, i.e., they form networks which are easily destroyed by the application of shear, and which reform when the shear is removed Bentonite clay material is organo-modified by treating with a hydrophobic organic material.
  • Montmorillonite clay typically constitutes a large portion of bentonite clays. Montmorillonite clay contains a large fraction of aluminum silicate. Hectorite clay contains a large fraction of magnesium silicate.
  • organomodified clays include, for example, Claytone AF from Southern Clay Products and the Bentone®, Baragel®, and Nykon® families of organoclays from RHEOX. Other suitable clays include those disclosed in U.S.-A-5,634,969 to Cody et al .
  • a preferred organoclay is Claytone EM.
  • the off-state viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid containing the magnetorheological compositions of the present invention is dependent upon the volume of particle component and type of carrier fluid, largely.
  • One of skill in the art will determine the desired necessary viscosity according to the identified application for the magnetorheological fluid.
  • the magnetorheological fluid of the invention may also contain other optional additives such as dyes or pigments, abrasive particles, lubricants, antioxidants, pH shifters, salts, deacidifiers and/or corrosion inhibitors. These optional additives may be in the form of dispersions, suspensions, or materials that are soluble in the carrier vehicle.
  • the organoclays are used in concentrations of between 0.1 to 12% by wt, preferably from 0.3 to 5.0 wt%, based on the weight of the MR fluid composition.
  • the sole thixotropic agent present is bentonite, excluding other types of thickeners.
  • Preferred embodiments contain compounds that reduce interparticle friction (friction reducing additive), such as but not limited to, colloidal sized silica particles, molybdenum compounds such as organomolybdenums, molybdenum sulfide or -disulfide, and molybdenum phosphate; and fluorocarbon polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, and mixtures thereof.
  • interparticle friction vibration reducing additive
  • colloidal sized silica particles such as organomolybdenums, molybdenum sulfide or -disulfide, and molybdenum phosphate
  • fluorocarbon polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, and mixtures thereof.
  • Extreme pressure additives are known in the art of lubricants and include organophosphorus compounds, phosphonate compounds, phosphonite, phosphate, phosphinate, phosphinite, phosphite and known derivates like their amide or imide derivatives, thiophosphorus compounds and thiocarbamates.
  • Exemplary useful organophosphorus extreme pressure additives for inclusion with the magnetically-responsive particles herein have a structure represented by the formula: wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, an amino group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X, Y and Z are each independently -CH 2 -, a nitrogen heteroatom or an oxygen heteroatom, provided that at least one of X, Y or Z is an oxygen heteroatom; a is 0 or 1; and n is the valence of M; provided that if X, Y and Z are each an oxygen heteroatom, M is a metal ion or salt moiety formed from an amine of the formula B: wherein R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or aliphatic groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; if at least one of X, Y or Z is not an oxygen heteroatom.
  • M is selected from the group consisting of a metallic ion, a non-metallic moiety and a divalent moiety, with a further proviso that if Z is -CH 2 -, then M is a divalent moiety, and if Z is a nitrogen heteroatom, M is not an amine of formula B.
  • Representative thiophosphorus extreme pressure additives have a structure represented by formula A: wherein.
  • R 1 and R 2 each individually have a structure represented by: Y - ((C)(R 4 )(R 5 )) n - (O) w - wherein Y is hydrogen or a functional group containing moiety such as an amino, amid imido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, oxo or aryl; n is an integer from 2 to 17 such that C(R 4 )(R 5 ) is a divalent group having a structure such as a straight-chained aliphatic, branched aliphatic, heterocyclic, or aromatic ring; R 4 and R 5 can each individually be hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy, and w is 0 or 1.
  • a preferred number of thiocarbamate extreme pressure additives have a structure represented by formula B: wherein R 1 and R 2 each individually have a structure represented by: Y - ((C)(R 4 )(R 5 ))n- wherein Y is hydrogen or a functional group - containing moiety such as an amino, amido, imido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, oxo or aryl; n is an integer from 2 to 17 such that C(R 4 )(R 5 ) is a divalent group having a structure such as a straight-chained aliphatic, branched aliphatic, heterocyclic, or aromatic ring; and R 4 and R 5 can each individually be hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy.
  • R 3 of formula A or B is a metal ion such as molybdenum, tin, antimony, lead, bismuth, nickel, iron, zinc, silver, cadmium or lead, and the like, or a nonmetallic moiety such as hydrogen, a sulfur-containing group, alkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, an oxy-containing group, amido or an amine.
  • Subscripts a and b of formula A or B are each individually 0 or 1, provided a+b is at least equal to 1 and x of formula A or B is an integer from 1 to 5 depending upon the valence number of R 3 .
  • organomolybdenum compounds are described in US-A-4,889,647 and US-A-5,412,130 .
  • a suitable organomolybdenum complex is prepared by reacting a fatty oil, diethanolamine and a molybdenum source.
  • a suitable heterocyclic organomolybdate is prepared by reacting diol, diamino-thiol-alcohol and amino-alcohol compounds with a molybdenum source in the presence of a phase transfer agent.
  • Other suitable organomolybdenums are described in US-A-5,137,647 , such as organomolybdenum compounds prepared by reacting an amine-amide with a molybdenum source.
  • Molybdenum thiadiazoles are preferred molybdenum compounds and are described in US-A-5,627,146 .
  • Commercially available molybdenum thiadiazoles are available from R.T. Vanderbilt Company under the Molyvan® 822 and Molyvan® 2000 designation.
  • Another example is a molybdenum hexacarbonyl dixanthogen.
  • organomolybdenum prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxy alkylated amine with a molybdenum source as disclosed in US-A-4,164,473 , and alkyl esters of molybdic acid as disclosed in US-A-2,805,997 , Preferred organomolybdenum compounds are prepared according to US-A-4,889,647 and US-A-5,412,130 and one in particular is commercially available from R.T. Vanderbilt Inc. under the designation Molyvan® 855.
  • organomolybdenum compounds When employing an organomolybdenum compound, these are available in a liquid state at ambient temperature, and can be introduced to an MR fluid in effective usage levels ranging from 0.1 to 12 vol.%, preferably 0.25 to 10 vol. %, based on the total volume of the magnetorheological fluid.
  • the magnetorheological fluid embodiments used in the devices in accordance with the present invention can be prepared by initially mixing the ingredients together by hand under relatively low shear with a spatula or the like and then subsequently more thoroughly mixing under relatively higher shear with a homogenizer, mechanical mixer or shaker, or dispersing the ingredients with an appropriate milling device such as a ball mill, sand mill, attritor mill, paint mill, colloid mill, or the like which are well known.
  • the testing of various application specific devices, such as dampers, mounts, brakes, and clutches, that utilize magnetorheological fluids of the present invention is a second method of evaluating the mechanical performance of these materials.
  • the controllable fluid-containing device is simply placed in line with a mechanical actuator and operated with a specified displacement and amplitude and frequency.
  • a magnetic field is appropriately applied to the device and the force output determined from the resulting extension/compression waveforms plotted as a function of time.
  • the methodology utilized to test dampers, mounts, and clutches is well known to those skills in the art of vibration control.
  • the particle component used in accordance with the embodiments of the invention exhibit a relatively slow dry powder flow rate as compared to magnetically responsive particles of the prior art.
  • the method for determining the relative powder flow rates of various particle types using a scintillation vial is described below.
  • Example magnetically responsive particles are described below for comparison purposes.
  • the percentages given for each particle group where particle mixtures are shown is expressed in weight percent based on the total weight of the mixture of different populations of particles.
  • the particles used in accordance with the invention are slower in dry powder flow characteristics and surprisingly this correlates with improved magnetorheological response from particle flow through orifices in a controllable device.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Fluide magnétorhéologique comprenant un composant de fluide porteur et un composant de particules magnétisables, dans lequel ledit composant de particules magnétisables est une population issue d'un flux unique de procédé d'atomisation hybride eau-gaz avec une fraction de 10 pour cent en volume de particules ayant un diamètre compris dans la gamme allant de 2 µm à 5 µm, une fraction de 50 pour cent en volume de particules ayant un diamètre compris dans la gamme allant de 8 µm à 15 µm, une fraction de 90 pour cent en volume de particules ayant un diamètre compris dans la gamme allant de 25 µm à 40 µm, et en outre caractérisé par un coefficient de détermination (R2) de la droite des moindres carrés de la taille des particules en fonction du log n du volume cumulé, supérieur ou égal à 0,77.
  2. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit composant porteur a une viscosité comprise entre 0,01 et 5 cm2/s (1 et 500 centistokes) à 100 °C.
  3. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit composant porteur a une viscosité inférieure à 0,1 cm2/s (10 centistokes) à 100 °C.
  4. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit composant porteur est présent en une quantité de 50 à 95 pour cent rapporté au volume dudit fluide magnétorhéologique et ledit composant de particules est présent en une quantité de 5 à 50 pour cent rapporté au volume dudit fluide magnétorhéologique.
  5. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit composant porteur est choisi dans le groupe formé par l'huile grasse naturelle, l'huile minérale, le poly(phényl éther), l'ester d'acide dibasique, l'ester de néopentylpolyol, l'ester de phosphite, la cycloparaffine synthétique, la paraffine synthétique, l'huile hydrocarboné insaturée, l'ester d'acide monobasique, l'ester et l'éther de glycol, un ester et un éther fluoré, l'ester de silicate, une huile de silicone, un copolymère de silicone, un hydrocarbure synthétique, un poly(éther) et un poly(ester) perfluoré, un hydrocarbure halogéné et des mélanges et dérivés de ceux-ci.
  6. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit composant porteur est choisi dans le groupe formé par l'eau, le glycol, l'ester de glycol et des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  7. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit composant porteur comprend en outre un dispersant.
  8. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, qui comprend en outre un agent thixotrope choisi dans le groupe formé par le savon, la silice colloïdale et l'argile organique.
  9. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ledit agent thixotrope est une argile organique choisie parmi les bentonites à modification organique.
  10. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un additif extrême pression.
  11. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 10, dans lequel ledit additif extrême pression est choisi dans le groupe formé par les composés thiophosphorés et les thiocarbamates.
  12. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 11, dans lequel ledit additif extrême pression est un composé organophosphoré ayant la formule :
    Figure imgb0013
     dans laquelle R1 et R2 sont chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe amino ou un groupe alkyle ayant 1 à 22 atomes de carbone ; X, Y et Z sont chacun indépendamment -CH2-, un hétéroatome choisi parmi l'azote et l'oxygène, à condition qu'au moins l'un parmi X, Y ou Z soit un hétéroatome d'oxygène ; a vaut 0 ou 1 ; et n est la valence de M ; à condition que si X, Y et Z sont chacun un hétéroatome d'oxygène, M est un groupe sel formé par une amine de formule B :
    Figure imgb0014
     dans laquelle R3, R4 et R5 représentent, chacun indépendamment, un atome d'hydrogène, ou un groupe aliphatique ayant 1 à 18 atomes de carbone ; et, si au moins l'un parmi X, Y ou Z n'est pas un hétéroatome d'oxygène, M est choisi dans le groupe formé par un ion métallique, un groupe non métallique et un groupe divalent et, si Z est un hétéroatome d'azote, alors M n'est pas une amine de formule B.
  13. Fluide magnétorhéologigue selon la revendication 11, dans lequel ledit additif extrême pression est un composé thiophosphoré ayant la structure
    Figure imgb0015
     dans laquelle R1 et R2 représentent, chacun individuellement, une structure représentée par :

            Y-((C)(R4)(R5))n- (O)w -

    dans laquelle Y est un atome d'hydrogène ou un motif contenant un groupe fonctionnel tel qu'un groupe amino, amido, imido, carboxyle, hydroxyle, carbonyle, oxo ou aryle ;
    n est un entier de 2 à 17 tel que C(R4)(R5) est un groupe divalent ayant une structure telle qu'un cycle aliphatique à chaîne droite, aliphatique ramifié, hétérocyclique ou aromatique ;
    R4 et R5 peuvent représenter, chacun individuellement, un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe alkyle ou alcoxy ; et
    w vaut 0 ou 1.
  14. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 11, dans lequel ledit additif extrême pression est un thiocarbamate représenté par la formule B :
    Figure imgb0016
     dans laquelle R1 et R2 représentent chacun individuellement une structure représentée par :

            Y - ((C)(R4)(R5))n-

    dans laquelle Y est choisi parmi un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe amino, amido, imido, carboxyle, hydroxyle, carbonyle, oxo ou aryle ; n est un entier de 2 à 17 ; R4 et R5 sont chacun un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe alkyle ou alcoxy ; et R3 est choisi dans le groupe formé par un ion métallique, un groupe non métallique et un groupe divalent ; a et b valent chacun individuellement 0 ou 1, à condition que a + b soit au moins égal à 1, et x soit un entier de 1 à 5 en fonction du nombre de valence de R3.
  15. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit composant de particules est choisi dans le groupe formé par le fer, le fer-manganèse, le fer-bore, l'oxyde de fer, le nitrure de fer, le carbure de fer, le fer-chrome, l'acier à faible teneur en carbone, le fer-silicium, le fer-nickel, le fer-cobalt et un mélange de ceux-ci.
  16. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 15, dans lequel ledit composant de particules est choisi dans le groupe formé par le fer, l'oxyde de fer, le fer-nickel, le fer-cobalt, le fer-manganèse, le fer-silicium et le fer-bore.
  17. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le dispersant est choisi parmi un oléate, un naphténate, un sulfonate, un ester de type phosphate, l'acide stéarique, un stéarate, un monooléate de glycol, un sesquioléate de sorbitane, un laurate, un acide gras et un alcool gras.
  18. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 17, dans lequel le dispersant comprend un stéarate.
  19. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un composé de molybdène.
  20. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 19, dans lequel ledit composé de molybdène est un organomolybdène.
  21. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 20, dans lequel ledit organomolybdène est choisi parmi Molyvan® 822, Molyvan® 2000 et Molyvan® 855.
  22. Fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 19, dans lequel le composé de molybdène est le bisulfure de molybdène.
  23. Dispositif amortisseur linéaire caractérisé par un espacement de conception (travail) de 0,08 mm à 0,90 mm, ledit dispositif contenant le fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1.
  24. Système d'interface haptique comprenant : un dispositif d'interface haptique pouvant être déplacé par un opérateur dans au moins une direction de rotation ou déplacement, le système d'interface haptique fournissant des forces de résistance au dispositif d'interface haptique ;
    un dispositif de commande pour recevoir un signal d'entrée variable et fournir un signal de sortie variable, ledit dispositif de commande étant adapté pour exécuter un programme qui traite ledit signal d'entrée variable et dérive ledit signal de sortie variable en réponse à ladite variable d'entrée ; et
    un dispositif à commande magnétique qui reçoit ledit signal de sortie variable et fournit une force de résistance en fonction dudit signal de sortie variable, ledit dispositif contenant un fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le composant de particules magnétisables fournit des forces de résistance variables par commande du composant de particules en réponse audit signal de sortie pour commander ainsi directement la facilité de mouvement du dispositif d'interface haptique en résistant au déplacement du dispositif d'interface haptique.
  25. Système d'interface haptique selon la revendication 24, dans lequel ledit dispositif à commande magnétique est un amortisseur et lesdites particules sont dispersées dans un composant porteur choisi dans le groupe formé par l'eau, le glycol, l'huile grasse naturelle, l'huile minérale, le poly(phényl éther), l'ester d'acide dibasique, l'ester de néopentylpolyol, l'ester de phosphite, la cycloparaffine synthétique, la paraffine synthétique, l'huile hydrocarbure insaturée, l'ester d'acide monobasique, l'ester de glycol, l'éther de glycol, l'ester fluoré, l'éther fluoré, l'ester de silicate, l'huile de silicone, un copolymère de silicone, la poly(α-oléfine), les poly(éthers) perfluorés, l'ester perfluoré, un hydrocarbure halogéné et des mélanges et dérivés de ceux-ci.
  26. Dispositif magnétorhéologique rotatif comprenant
    (a) un arbre ;
    (b) un rotor fabriqué à partir d'un matériau à perméabilité magnétique ayant une première et une seconde surface de rotor, une portion de travail et une périphérie externe au moyen de laquelle le rotor est connecté audit arbre pour restreindre la rotation relative entre eux ;
    (c) un logement comprenant un étrier magnétiquement mou qui est fabriqué à partir d'une poudre métallique à haute perméabilité magnétique, ledit étrier magnétiquement mou ayant un évidement formé à l'intérieur, ledit évidement recevant ladite portion de travail dudit rotor et formant un premier espacement adjacent à ladite première surface de rotor et un second espacement adjacent à ladite seconde surface de rotor, ledit logement comprenant une portion de forme relativement mince en comparaison à la partie du logement comprenant l'étrier, ladite portion étant formée adjacente à l'arbre pour empêcher l'accumulateur de champ magnétique au niveau d'une zone de scellement de l'arbre ;
    (d) un fluide magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1 ou des particules magnétisables en poudre sans fluide porteur, ledit fluide ou lesdites particules sans fluide porteur étant contenues dans et remplissant au moins partiellement lesdits premier et second espacements, le composant de particules magnétisables dudit fluide, et lesdites particules magnétisables en poudre, caractérisé par une population de particules issue d'un flux unique de procédé d'atomisation hybride eau-gaz, avec une population présentant un R2 supérieur ou égal à 0,77, et en outre caractérisé par une fraction de 10 pour cent en volume de particules ayant un diamètre compris dans la gamme allant de 2 µm à 5 µm, une fraction de 50 pour cent en volume de particules ayant un diamètre compris dans la gamme allant de 8 µm à 15 µm, et une fraction de 90 pour cent en volume de particules ayant un diamètre compris dans la gamme allant de 25 µm à 40 µm; et
    (e) un générateur de champ magnétique qui fournit un champ magnétique modifiable, adjacent audit étrier magnétiquement mou, ledit champ magnétique modifiable fonctionnant de sorte à modifier la rhéologique desdites particules magnétiquement moues au sein desdits premier et second espacements, provoquant ainsi un changement de résistance en torsion dudit dispositif rotatif lorsque ledit générateur de champ est sous tension.
EP03796366A 2002-11-06 2003-11-06 Dispositif magnetorheologique ameliore Expired - Fee Related EP1559119B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US289071 2002-11-06
US288769 2002-11-06
US10/288,769 US6886819B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2002-11-06 MR fluid for increasing the output of a magnetorheological fluid damper
US10/289,071 US7087184B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2002-11-06 MR fluid for increasing the output of a magnetorheological fluid device
PCT/US2003/035605 WO2004044931A2 (fr) 2002-11-06 2003-11-06 Dispositif magnetorheologique ameliore

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1559119A2 EP1559119A2 (fr) 2005-08-03
EP1559119B1 true EP1559119B1 (fr) 2007-09-19

Family

ID=32314365

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03796366A Expired - Fee Related EP1559119B1 (fr) 2002-11-06 2003-11-06 Dispositif magnetorheologique ameliore

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1559119B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006505957A (fr)
KR (1) KR20050065633A (fr)
DE (1) DE60316461T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004044931A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109074926A (zh) * 2016-05-04 2018-12-21 Ck高新材料有限公司 再分散性改善的磁流变液及磁流变液的再分散性评价方法
WO2024003055A1 (fr) * 2022-06-27 2024-01-04 Inventus Engineering Gmbh Dispositif de freinage et contrôleur de jeu

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4683185B2 (ja) * 2004-11-05 2011-05-11 戸田工業株式会社 磁気粘性流体
JP4596143B2 (ja) * 2005-04-20 2010-12-08 戸田工業株式会社 磁気粘性流体
DE102005030613A1 (de) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Basf Ag Magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit
KR100680843B1 (ko) * 2005-12-19 2007-02-08 현대자동차주식회사 치 니크 방지장치
JP2007244855A (ja) * 2006-02-15 2007-09-27 Tottori Univ マッサージ機
KR101373387B1 (ko) 2006-09-22 2014-03-13 바스프 에스이 자기유변 제제
JP4883704B2 (ja) * 2007-07-31 2012-02-22 カヤバ工業株式会社 緩衝器
EP2176870B1 (fr) * 2007-08-01 2017-01-11 LORD Corporation FLUIDES MAGNÉTORHÉOLOGIQUES À BASE DE GLYCOL sans DÉCANTATION
JP5098763B2 (ja) * 2008-04-03 2012-12-12 セイコーエプソン株式会社 磁性流体およびダンパー
JP5098764B2 (ja) * 2008-04-03 2012-12-12 セイコーエプソン株式会社 磁性流体およびダンパー
US20090294231A1 (en) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-03 Lord Corporation Magneto-rheological fluid damper having enhanced on-state yield strength
KR100924087B1 (ko) * 2008-07-23 2009-11-02 한국과학기술원 자기유변유체를 이용한 햅틱모듈, 그 제어방법 및햅틱모듈을 갖는 햅틱 제공 장치
WO2010141336A1 (fr) 2009-06-01 2010-12-09 Lord Corporation Fluides magnétorhéologiques à haute durabilité
JP5660099B2 (ja) * 2012-09-20 2015-01-28 セイコーエプソン株式会社 磁性流体用金属粉末
JP5660098B2 (ja) * 2012-09-20 2015-01-28 セイコーエプソン株式会社 磁性流体用金属粉末
JP6255715B2 (ja) * 2013-05-17 2018-01-10 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 磁気機能性流体およびそれを用いたダンパ、クラッチ
DE102015202994A1 (de) * 2015-02-19 2016-08-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Steuerung eines Hinterachsrahmens
JP6598641B2 (ja) * 2015-11-04 2019-10-30 コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 磁気粘性流体組成物
JP6692146B2 (ja) * 2015-11-04 2020-05-13 コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 磁気粘性流体組成物
KR20180122372A (ko) * 2016-02-29 2018-11-12 로오드 코포레이션 자기유변 유체용 첨가제
CN116057299A (zh) * 2020-09-09 2023-05-02 富士胶片株式会社 磁粘性流体及其制造方法以及磁粘性流体器件

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5900184A (en) * 1995-10-18 1999-05-04 Lord Corporation Method and magnetorheological fluid formulations for increasing the output of a magnetorheological fluid device
US5683615A (en) * 1996-06-13 1997-11-04 Lord Corporation Magnetorheological fluid
US5842547A (en) * 1996-07-02 1998-12-01 Lord Corporation Controllable brake
US6373465B2 (en) * 1998-11-10 2002-04-16 Lord Corporation Magnetically-controllable, semi-active haptic interface system and apparatus
US6203717B1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2001-03-20 Lord Corporation Stable magnetorheological fluids
US6679999B2 (en) * 2001-03-13 2004-01-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. MR fluids containing magnetic stainless steel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109074926A (zh) * 2016-05-04 2018-12-21 Ck高新材料有限公司 再分散性改善的磁流变液及磁流变液的再分散性评价方法
CN109074926B (zh) * 2016-05-04 2021-07-27 Ck高新材料有限公司 再分散性改善的磁流变液及磁流变液的再分散性评价方法
WO2024003055A1 (fr) * 2022-06-27 2024-01-04 Inventus Engineering Gmbh Dispositif de freinage et contrôleur de jeu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60316461T2 (de) 2008-06-26
KR20050065633A (ko) 2005-06-29
WO2004044931A3 (fr) 2004-07-15
JP2006505957A (ja) 2006-02-16
DE60316461D1 (de) 2007-10-31
EP1559119A2 (fr) 2005-08-03
WO2004044931A2 (fr) 2004-05-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6886819B2 (en) MR fluid for increasing the output of a magnetorheological fluid damper
EP1559119B1 (fr) Dispositif magnetorheologique ameliore
EP1279175B1 (fr) Composition magnetorheologique
US7217372B2 (en) Magnetorheological composition
EP1196929B1 (fr) Fluides magnetorheologiques stables
EP0856190B1 (fr) Procede et composition de fluide magnetorheologique pour augmenter la force d'un dispositif a fluide magnetorheologique
LV11391B (en) Magnetorheological marerials based on alloy particles
US6547986B1 (en) Magnetorheological grease composition
US7087184B2 (en) MR fluid for increasing the output of a magnetorheological fluid device
US20060231357A1 (en) Field responsive shear thickening fluid
EP0667029A1 (fr) Materiaux magnetorheologiques a action thixotrope
EP2015319B1 (fr) Fluide magnétorhéologique comprenant un épaississeur au fluorocarbone
EP1283530B1 (fr) Fluides magnétorhéologiques
JP2012529160A (ja) 高耐久性磁性流体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20050412

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: FOREHAND, TERESA, L.

Inventor name: KINTZ, K., ANDREW

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60316461

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20071031

Kind code of ref document: P

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071219

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20080620

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20110204

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20110125

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20111128

Year of fee payment: 9

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20121106

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20130731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20121106

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20121106

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20121130

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20131030

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60316461

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150602