EP1319233B1 - Composition graisseuse magnetorheologique - Google Patents

Composition graisseuse magnetorheologique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1319233B1
EP1319233B1 EP01973214A EP01973214A EP1319233B1 EP 1319233 B1 EP1319233 B1 EP 1319233B1 EP 01973214 A EP01973214 A EP 01973214A EP 01973214 A EP01973214 A EP 01973214A EP 1319233 B1 EP1319233 B1 EP 1319233B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grease composition
magnetorheological
magnetorheological grease
composition according
stearate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01973214A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1319233A2 (fr
Inventor
K. Andrew Kintz
J. David Carlson
Beth C. Munoz
Julia D. Sessoms
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lord Corp
Original Assignee
Lord Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lord Corp filed Critical Lord Corp
Publication of EP1319233A2 publication Critical patent/EP1319233A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1319233B1 publication Critical patent/EP1319233B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • H01F1/447—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids characterised by magnetoviscosity, e.g. magnetorheological, magnetothixotropic, magnetodilatant liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to magnetorheological grease compositions which have increased resistance to settling, wear, corrosion and oxidation. More specifically, the present invention relates to magnetorheological grease compositions that utilize high concentrations of thickening agents.
  • Magnetorheological compositions typically include micron-sized magnetic-responsive particles. In the presence of a magnetic field, the magnetic-responsive particles become polarized and are thereby organized into chains of particles or particle fibrils. The particle chains increase the apparent viscosity (flow resistance) of the fluid, resulting in the development of a solid mass having a yield stress that must be exceeded to induce onset of flow of the magnetorheological fluid. The particles return to an unorganized state when the magnetic field is removed, which lowers the viscosity of the magnetorheological composition.
  • Magnetorheological compositions are responsive to a magnetic field, and exhibit controllable behavior accordingly.
  • many magnetorheological materials suffer from excessive gravitational particle settling which can interfere with the magnetorheological activity of the material due to non-uniform particle distribution.
  • One cause of gravitational particle settling in magnetorheological materials is the large difference between the specific gravity of the magnetic particles and that of the carrier fluid which can cause rapid particle settling in a magnetorheological material.
  • U.S.-A-5,645,752 discloses a magnetorheological material which contains a thixotropic additive to provide stability against particle settling.
  • An optional colloidal additive may be utilized in combination with the thixotropic agent in order to facilitate the formation of a thixotropic network.
  • U. S.-A- 5,382,373 relates to a magnetorheological material that utilizes a particle component which is capable of independently increasing the yield stress of the overall magnetorheological material.
  • a surfactant to disperse the particle component may be optionally utilized.
  • the surfactant, if utilized, is preferably a hydrophobic fumed silica, a "dried" precipitated silica gel, a phosphate ester, a fluoroaliphatic polymeric ester, or a coupling agent which is used in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to 20 percent by ' weight relative to the weight of the particle component.
  • U.S.-A- 4,992,190 discloses a magnetic fluid composition that is responsive to a magnetic field.
  • the fluid composition comprises a vehicle, solid magnetizable particles suspended in the vehicle, and a silica gel dispersant.
  • An additional surfactant may be employed to impart thixotropic properties.
  • U.S.-A- 2,661,825 describes an apparatus capable of controlling the slippage between moving parts through the use of magnetic or electric fields.
  • the space between the moveable parts is filled with a field responsive medium.
  • the development of a magnetic or electric field flux through this medium results in control of resulting slippage.
  • a fluid responsive to the application of a magnetic field is described to contain carbonyl iron powder and light weight mineral oil.
  • U.S.-A- 3,385,793 relates to an electroviscous fluid which contains a conductive material.
  • the fluid includes silica gel and silicone oil, which functions as a vehicle.
  • the fluid can also contain iron particles disclosed to function as a conductive agent.
  • the composition is not described as one responsive to an electromagnetic field.
  • U.S.-A- 3,006,656 relates to a magnetic material for shock absorbers, which comprises carbonyl iron powder, and an additive such as oil, kerosene, benzene, graphite, chalk, mica, soapstone, a silicone, and glycerine.
  • U.S.-A- 2,751,352 describes a magnetic fluid for a clutch or like apparatus, which may comprise iron powder, organic lubricants as a base carrier and an oleophobic-ferrophilic liquid dispersant.
  • US-A-2,667,237 discloses a magnetic fluid composition comprising iron powder and light machine oil or grease as the suspensive medium.
  • Magnetorheological technology is useful in devices or systems for controlling vibration and/or noise.
  • magnetorheological fluids commonly have such low viscosity that an o-ring or other type of fluid sealing mechanism is required to seal the magnetorheological fluids within the devices.
  • Magnetorheological devices may require precisely toleranced components, expensive seals, expensive bearings, and relatively large volumes of magnetically controllable fluid. The costs associated with such devices may be prohibitive to their use in certain applications.
  • the use of low viscosity magnetorheological fluids requires high efficiency during the mixing of the magnetorheological fluids so as to avoid the settling problems introduced by the high specific gravity of the metallic magnetic particles.
  • the magnetorheological compositions according to the present invention comprise magnetic-responsive particles in an amount of 5 to 50% by weight of the total magnetorheological composition; a carrier fluid in an amount of 5 to 65 percent by volume of the total magnetorheotogical grease composition; and at least one thickening agent in an amount of 30 to 90 percent by volume of the total magnetorheological grease composition.
  • the magnetorheological grease composition has a NLGI consistency number between 00 and 4.
  • the magnetorheological grease composition of the invention comprises magnetic-responsive particles, a carrier fluid and at least one thickening agent wherein the thickening agent provides the composition with a consistency effective to allow the composition to maintain a position within a magnetorheological device.
  • the magnetorheological grease compositions of the invention exhibit excellent resistance to settling and wear because of a substantially increased concentration of the thickening agents in the magnetorheological grease compositions.
  • Form output means the damping force, torque, braking force or similar force depending on the device.
  • Yield strength is the force required to exceed the yield stress.
  • the “yield stress” is the stress that must be exceeded to induce onset of flow of the magnetorheological composition when subject to the presence of a magnetic field or in the "on-state.” The absence of a magnetic field is preferred to herein as the “off-state.”
  • On-state forces as used herein are the resultant forces of a device as a result of applying a magnetic field.
  • Off-state forces means the forces generated by a device when no magnetic field is applied.
  • the present invention relates to a magnetorheological grease composition which comprises magnetic-responsive particles, a carrier fluid and at least one thickening agent.
  • the thickening agent may be provided in an amount effective to produce a gel-like structure for the grease composition.
  • the gel structure provides sufficient consistency to enable the grease composition to maintain its position in a magnetorheological device during its use in such a magnetorheological device.
  • greye as used herein means a semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a carrier fluid.
  • thickener means a substance dispersed in a carrier fluid to form the product's structure.
  • Consistency means the degree of resistance to movement under stress and can be measured according to ASTM D 217 which provides standard test methods for cone penetration of lubricating grease. ASTM D 217 sets forth the National Lubricating Grease Institute's classification of greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked penetration, a test explained in the ASTM standard.
  • the grease composition of the present invention has sufficient consistency to be utilized without the need for a sealing mechanism to keep the magnetorheological composition confined within the appropriate space in a magnetorheological device. This means that certain apparatus previously needed in the structure of a magnetorheological device may no longer be needed, such as bearings, volume compensators or precision mechanical tolerances.
  • the NLGI consistency number of the grease composition will be between 00 and 4. In one aspect of the invention, the NLGI consistency number is between 0 and 2.
  • the grease compositions of the invention generally will have a viscosity greater than 1000 mPa ⁇ s (centipoise) at 25°C.
  • the thickening agents which may be employed in the compositions of this invention include a wide variety of organic thickening agents and inorganic thickening agents.
  • the organic thickening agents of this invention include various metal soaps, metal soap complexes and organic metal salts as well as nonmetallic organic thickening agents such as the polyureas.
  • Other thickeners include organoclays, associative polymers or polyacrylate associative thickeners, such as Acrysol ® by Rohm and Haas and Alcogum ® by Alco Chemicals, polyelectrolytes, polysaccharides, phospholipids and polycarboxylates.
  • Inorganic thickening agents suitable for this invention include inorganic solids such as metal oxides, silica, precipitated silica, fumed silica, aluminum oxide, carbon black, talc, graphite and fibers.
  • the thickening agents in one aspect of the present invention include carboxylate soaps, complexes such as lithium complexes or calcium complex stearate, bentonite and hectorite organoclays, hydrophobically modified alkali soluble acrylic copolymers, hydrophobically modified ethylene-oxide-based urethane block copolymers, hydrophobically modified ethoxylate-urethane alkali swellable/soluble emulsion, metal oxides, precipitated silica, fumed silica, aluminum oxide, carbon black, talc, graphite, fibers, polyureas, styrene divinylbenzene copolymer matrix, methacrylic acid divinylbenzene, hydroxyethyl cellulose, phospholipids, polycarboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred thickening agents are precipitated silica and fumed silica.
  • Examples of the preferred carboxylate soaps of the invention include sodium stearate, calcium stearate, lithium stearate, potassium stearate, zinc stearate, strontium stearate, aluminum stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable thickening agents of the invention are available from Rheox, Inc. under the trade names of Baragel ® , Bentone ® , Nykon ® , Nalzin ® ; available from Union Carbide under the trade name UCAR Polyphobe ® ; and available from Rohm and Haas Company under the trade name Acrysol ® .
  • the thickening agent generally will be used in an amount effective to produce a composition with a grease-like consistency.
  • the amount of thickening agent generally will be sufficient to allow the composition to maintain a desired position within a magnetorheological device.
  • the thickening agent may be used in an amount effective to produce a composition with a desired NLGI consistency number.
  • the concentration of thickening agent needed will depend on the particular agent used and the amount necessary to end up with a desired NLGI consistency number.
  • the thickening agent is used in an amount between 30 % to 90 % by volume of the total magnetorheological grease composition. In one aspect of the invention, the thickening agent will be used in an amount of from 50 % to 85 % by volume of the total magnetorheological grease composition.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles useful in the present invention may be any solid known to exhibit magnetorheological activity.
  • Typical particle components useful in the present invention are comprised of, for example, paramagnetic, superparamagnetic or ferromagnetic compounds.
  • Specific examples of magnetic-responsive particles which may be used include particles comprised of materials such as iron, iron alloys, iron oxide, iron nitride, iron carbide, carbonyl iron, chromium dioxide, low carbon steel, silicon steel, nickel, cobalt, and mixtures thereof.
  • the iron oxide includes all known pure iron oxides, such as Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 , as well as those containing small amounts of other elements, such as manganese, zinc or barium. Specific examples of iron oxide include ferrites and magnetites.
  • the magnetic-responsive particle component can be comprised of any of the known alloys of iron, such as those containing aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, manganese and/or copper.
  • Iron alloys which may be used as the magnetic-responsive particles in the present invention include iron-cobalt and iron-nickel alloys.
  • the iron-cobalt alloys preferred for use in the magnetorheological compositions have an iron:cobalt ratio ranging from 30:70 to 95:5, and preferably from 50:50 to 85:15, while the iron-nickel alloys have an iron-nickel ratio ranging from 90:10 to 99:1, and preferably from 94:6 to 97:3.
  • the iron alloys may contain a small amount of other elements, such as vanadium, chromium, etc., in order to improve the ductility and mechanical properties of the alloys. These other elements are typically present in an amount that is less than 3.0% by weight.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles of the invention are typically in the form of a metal powder which can be prepared by processes which are well known to those skilled in the art. Typical methods for the preparation of metal powders include water atomization, reduction of metal oxides, grinding or attrition, electrolytic deposition, metal carbonyl decomposition, rapid solidification, or smelt processing.
  • the particles may be spherical or may vary from spherical such as irregularly shaped particles or ellipsoidal particles.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles are particles with a high iron content, generally greater than or at least 95 % iron.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles used will have less than 0.01 % carbon.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles will contain 98% to 99% iron, and less than 1% oxygen and nitrogen.
  • Such particles may be obtained, for example, by water atomization or gas atomization of molten iron. Iron particles with these characteristics are commercially available. Water atomization contributes to reduce the total cost of a magnetorheological grease composition according to the present invention. Water atomization is described in Powder Metallurgy Science by Randall M. German, 2nd Ed., Chap.
  • magnetic-responsive particles useful in the present invention include Hoeaganes FPI, 1001 HP and ATW230, along with carbonyl iron particles such as ISP R2430 and 1640.
  • Other useful particles include stainless steel powders such as 430L and 410L.
  • the particle size of the magnetic-responsive particles should be selected so that it exhibits multi-domain characteristics when subjected to a magnetic field.
  • the use of a thickening agent as taught herein enables the use of larger particles than are typically used in magnetorheological compositions.
  • the average number particle diameter distribution for the magnetic-responsive particles is generally between 0.1 and 500 microns, preferably between 1 and 100 micrometers. In the most preferred embodiment, the average number particle diameter distribution of the magnetic-responsive powder is 3 to 50 micrometers.
  • the particle component may contain magnetic-responsive particles of a variety of sizes, so long as the average number particle diameter distribution is as set forth.
  • the size of the magnetic-responsive particles may be determined by scanning electron microscopy, a laser light scattering technique or measured using various sieves, providing a particular mesh size.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles are present in the magnetorheological grease composition in an amount of, as measured by volume, 5 % to 50%, preferably 20 % to 45% by volume.
  • the carrier component is a fluid that forms the continuous phase of the magnetorheological grease composition.
  • the carrier fluid used to form a magnetorheological composition according to the invention may be any of the vehicles or carrier fluids known for use with magnetorheological materials.
  • the carrier fluid will be an organic fluid, or an oil-based fluid.
  • Suitable carrier fluids which may be used include natural fatty oils, mineral oils, polyphenylethers, dibasic acid esters, neopentylpolyol esters, phosphate esters, synthetic cycloparaffins and synthetic paraffins, unsaturated hydrocarbon oils, monobasic acid esters, glycol esters and ethers, silicate esters, silicone oils, silicone copolymers, synthetic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated polyethers and esters and halogenated hydrocarbons, and mixtures or blends thereof.
  • Hydrocarbons such as mineral oils, paraffins, cycloparaffins (also known as naphthenic oils) and synthetic hydrocarbons are the preferred classes of carrier fluids.
  • the synthetic hydrocarbon oils include those oils derived from oligomerization of olefins such as polybutenes and oils derived from high alpha olefins of from 8 to 20 carbon atoms by acid catalyzed dimerization and by oligomerization using trialuminum alkyls as catalysts.
  • Such poly-olefin oils are particularly preferred carrier fluids.
  • Carrier fluids appropriate to the present invention may be prepared by methods well known in the art and many are commercially available, such as Durasyn PAO and Chevron Synfluid PAO.
  • the carrier component may be a mixture of any of these classes of fluids.
  • the preferred carrier component is non-volatile, non-polar and does not include any substantial amount of water.
  • the carrier fluid of the present invention is utilized in an amount ranging from 5 to 65, preferably from 15 to 45, percent by volume of the total magnetorheological grease composition.
  • the magnetorheological grease composition optionally includes other components such as an antioxidant, a lubricant and a viscosity modifier, among others.
  • Such optional components are known to those of skill in the art.
  • antioxidants include metal and nonmetal dithiophosphates, hindered phenols, aromatic amines, and sulfurized phenols, among others.
  • lubricants include organic fatty acids and amides, lard oil, and high molecular weight organic phosphorus and phosphoric acid esters and examples of viscosity modifiers include polymers and copolymers of olefins, methacrylates, dienes or alkylated styrenes.
  • the amount of these optional components typically ranges from 0.25 to 10 volume percent, based on the total volume of the magnetorheological composition.
  • the optional ingredient or ingredients will be present in the range of 0.5 to 7.5 volume percent based on the total volume of the magnetorheological grease composition.
  • additives may also be utilized in the present invention to give the magnetorheological grease desired properties.
  • additives include corrosion inhibitors, antiwear additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, metal deactivators, dispersants, extreme pressure additives, surfactants or mixtures thereof, etc.
  • antiwear additives include metal and non-metal dialkyldithio carbamates such as zinc dipropyldithiocarbamate or methylene bis dibutyl dithiocarbamate.
  • the friction modifier may be molybdenum disulfide or an organomolybdenum.
  • the viscosity index improvers useful in decreasing the change in viscosity of the magnetorheological composition with temperature, may be low molecular weight polymers, among others.
  • the additives used in a particular grease composition will depend on the application for which the grease composition is intended.
  • the magnetorheological grease compositions of the present invention may be used in a number of devices, including brakes, pistons, clutches, dampers, exercise equipment, toys, controllable composite structures and structural elements.
  • the compositions of the invention are most useful in applications where a low cost magnetorheological composition with high yield forces and no settling is required.
  • the magnetorheological grease compositions of the present invention would be useful for earthquake dampers which require long-term stability.
  • the magnetorheological grease compositions of the invention are used in sponge technology devices, such as sponge dampers.
  • sponge devices means a device wherein the magnetorheological fluid or grease is held in place by means of a secondary supporting matrix called a sponge.
  • the magnetorheological composition is selected to provide maximum dropping point yet provide shear thinning behavior when in use in a device.
  • Magnetorheological materials used in sponge applications need minimal settling and a maximum yield stress when subjected to a magnetic field.
  • Such devices are described, for example, in Carlson, "Low-Cost MR Fluid Devices," Actuator 98, 6th International Conference on New Actuators, June 17-19, 1998, Bremen, Germany, pp. 417-421 ; J. D.
  • large particle, water atomized iron may be used in a sponge magnetorheological device.
  • Use of this type of iron provides for thicker magnetorheological grease compositions as a result of the larger particle size and allows for a lower cost formulation.
  • water atomized iron particles supplied by Hoeganaes Corporation under the name Anchorsteel FPI have been found useful for this application.
  • This powder is designed to have a maximum particle packing fraction with a particle size distribution less than 44 micrometers. This powder is very low in carbon content to aid in device wear.
  • the water atomization process has been optimized to provide generally regular shaped particles to improve packing. Other magnetic-responsive particles also may be used.
  • a magnetorheological sponge device wherein water atomized iron particles are used in conjunction with a carrier fluid and a thickening agent which is based on synthetic hydrocarbon oils and a metal stearate.
  • a thickening agent which may be used for such applications is Nebula EP grease provided by Exxon Corporation which is a calcium complex stearate based on synthetic hydrocarbon oils.
  • the grease compositions of the present invention can be made by any of a variety of conventional mixing methods in equipment known for such use.
  • the magnetic-responsive particles can be charged into the thickening agent in increments with addition of the carrier fluid during or after all of the magnetic-responsive particles have been charged into the thickening agent.
  • the resulting mixture should be substantially smooth and homogeneous.
  • magnetorheological grease compositions of the invention were prepared as follows. These examples are provided to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
  • a magnetorheological grease composition was prepared by mixing 16 g of ISP carbonyl iron (R2430) with 4 g of Castrol Syntec grease, a lithium complex grease based on mineral oil with a NLGI consistency number of 2.
  • the resulting composition has a NLGI consistency number of 3 and does not flow under its own weight yet shear thins.
  • the formulation is homogeneous and smooth. This grease composition does not exhibit any signs of separation even after 3 1 ⁇ 2 years.
  • a magnetorheological grease composition was prepared by mixing 16 g of ISP carbonyl iron (R2430), 2 g Castrol Syntec grease and 2 g Castrol Syntec oil (10W-30). The resulting composition had a NLGI consistency number of 1 and was homogeneous and smooth. After some months, this composition flowed to a more or less level surface in the bottle.
  • a magnetorheological grease composition was prepared by mixing 16 g of ISP carbonyl iron (R2430), 3 g Castrol Syntec grease and 1 g Castrol Syntec oil (10W-30). The resulting composition had a NLGI consistency number of 2 and was homogeneous and smooth.
  • a magnetorheological grease composition was prepared with the components as follows: density (g/ml) formula volume (ml) weight (g) weight (%) Anchorsteel FPI 7.50 49.0% 21.51 169.1 88.51% Exxon Nebula EP00 0.99 45.50% 19.97 20.0 10.46% Durasyn 164 (poly-olefin) 0.82 5.50% 2.41 2.0 1.04%
  • Nebula EP00 was charged into a medium weigh dish. Iron was then charged, in increments, into the dish, mixing after each with a spoon end of a metal spatula. After most of the iron was incorporated into the grease, it became too thick to mix. The oil was then charged into the rest of the mixture. The resulting mixture was transferred to a large glass watchglass and mixed and mashed until it was fairly smooth. The mixture looked like very thick brownie batter.
  • a magnetorheological grease composition according to the present invention was prepared having the following characteristics: density (g/ml) formula volume (ml) weight (g) weight (%) Anchorsteel FPI 7.50 45.0% 31.50 236.3 86.86% Exxon Nebula EP00 0.99 35.0% 24.50 24.3 8.92% Durasyn 164 0.82 20.0% 14.00 11.5 4.22%
  • the Nebula EP00 was charged into a 125 ml stainless steel beaker.
  • the iron was then charged into the beaker in increments, mixing after each addition.
  • the oil was charged into the beaker all at once and mixed to incorporate into the thick mixture in the beaker.
  • the remaining iron was then charged in increments into the beaker.
  • the mixture was then mixed for another 1-1 1 ⁇ 2 minutes, for a total mixing time of 8 minutes.
  • a magnetorheological grease composition was prepared as in Example 5 having the following characteristics: density (g/ml) formula volume (ml) weight (g) weight (%) ISP 2430 7.86 45.0% 31.50 236.3 86.67% Exxon Nebula EP00 0.99 40.0% 28.00 27.7 10.17% Durasyn 164 0.82 15.0% 10.50 8.6 3.16%
  • This grease composition had a viscosity at a shear rate of 40.33 s -1 of 11,308 spa ⁇ s (centipoise) and a viscosity at a shear rate of 10.75 s -1 of 24,372 mPa ⁇ s (centipoise).
  • a magnetorheological grease composition was prepared having the following characteristics: density (g/ml) formula volume (ml) weight (g) weight (%) Anchorsteel FPI 7.50 45.0% 540.00 4050.0 86.58% Exxon Nebula EP00 0.99 40.0% 480.00 480.0 10.26% Durasyn 164 0.82 15.0% 180.00 147.6 3.16%
  • the Nebula EP00 was charged into a 2L stainless steel beaker.
  • the iron was then charged into the beaker about every 1 1 ⁇ 2 minutes starting at 30 mix speed (Variac setting for Premier Lab Dispersator) and increasing to 35 after three minutes, 40 after 4 1 ⁇ 2 minutes and 45 after 6 minutes 10 seconds (3500 rpm).
  • the beaker was scraped at 7 minutes, 30 seconds when about half of the iron was in the beaker.
  • About 1 ⁇ 2 the oil was then charged into the beaker before charging the remaining iron into the beaker by mixing for one minute, 30 seconds at a setting of 45 and then increasing to a setting of 50 for 10 minutes, 45 seconds.
  • the remaining oil was charged into the beaker at 12 minutes, while the iron was charged into the beaker at 13 minutes, 30 seconds, 15 minutes, and 16 minutes, 30 seconds.
  • the beaker was scraped at 18 minutes and the setting was increased to 55.
  • the remaining iron was charged into the beaker with all of it in by 19 minutes, 30 seconds of mixing.
  • the beaker was scraped at 20 minutes, 30 seconds at 43°C and then set into an ice/water bath.
  • the mixture was mixed for another five minutes on a setting of 55 which was increased to 60 for the last two minutes.
  • the rpm fluctuated from 4400 to 5400 during the last two minutes at the setting of 60.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique, comprenant:
    des particules magnétiquement sensibles dans une quantité allant de 5 à 50% en poids de la composition magnétorhéologique totale;
    un fluide porteur dans une quantité allant de 5 à 65 pour cent en volume de la composition de graisse magnétorhéologique totale; et
    au moins un agent épaississant dans une quantité allant de 30 à 90 pour cent en volume de la composition de graisse magnétorhéologique totale.
  2. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'agent épaississant est choisi dans le groupe consistant en savons métalliques, complexes de savon métallique, sels métalliques organiques, polyurées, argiles organophiles, polyélectrolytes, polysaccharides, phospholipides, polycarboxylates, oxydes de métaux, silice précipitée, silice pyrogénée, oxyde d'aluminium, noir de charbon, talc, graphite, fibres et des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  3. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'agent épaississant comprend une polyurée, une argile organophile, un savon métallique, un complexe de savon métallique ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  4. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'agent épaississant est un savon de carboxylate choisi dans le groupe consistant en stéarate de sodium, stéarate de calcium, stéarate de lithium, stéarate de potassium, stéarate de zinc, stéarate de strontium, stéarate d'aluminium, stéarate de baryum, stéarate de magnésium et des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  5. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'agent épaississant est la silice précipitée ou la silice pyrogénée.
  6. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les particules magnétiquement sensibles ont une distribution du diamètre moyen en nombre des particules allant de 0,1 à 500 micromètres.
  7. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le fluide porteur comprend au moins un fluide choisi dans le groupe consistant en huiles grasses naturelles, huiles minérales, polyphényléthers, esters d'acide dibasique, esters de néopentylpolyol, esters de phosphate, cyclo-paraffines synthétiques, paraffines synthétiques, huiles d'hydrocarbures non saturés, esters d'acide monobasique, esters de glycol, éthers de glycol, esters de silicate, huiles silicones, copolymères de silicone, hydrocarbures synthétiques, polyéthers et esters perfluorés et hydrocarbures halogénés et des mélanges ou combinaisons de ceux-ci.
  8. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle le fluide porteur est une huile minérale, une huile paraffinique, une huile cyclo-paraffinique, une huile d'hydrocarbures synthétique ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  9. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le fluide porteur comprend une huile d'hydrocarbures synthétique dérivée d'une poly-α-oléfine.
  10. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un agent antioxydant, un agent lubrifiant, un additif modifiant la viscosité ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
  11. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le fluide porteur est une huile minérale, une huile paraffinique, une huile cyclo-paraffinique ou une huile d'hydrocarbures synthétique et l'agent épaississant est la silice précipitée, la silice pyrogénée, une polyurée, une argile organophile, un savon métallique ou un complexe de savon métallique.
  12. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la composition de graisse a une classe de consistance selon NLGI allant de 00 à 4.
  13. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle les particules magnétiquement sensibles sont obtenues par pulvérisation d'eau.
  14. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle les particules magnétiquement sensibles sont du fer carbonyle.
  15. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 14, dans laquelle le fluide porteur est une huile d'hydrocarbures synthétique.
  16. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 12, comprenant en outre un agent antioxydant, un agent lubrifiant, un additif modifiant la viscosité ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
  17. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les particules magnétiquement sensibles ont une distribution du diamètre moyen en nombre des particules allant de 1 à 100 micromètres et sont obtenues par pulvérisation d'eau.
  18. Composition de graisse magnétorhéologique selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la classe de consistance selon NLGI est comprise entre 0 et 2.
EP01973214A 2000-09-21 2001-09-19 Composition graisseuse magnetorheologique Expired - Lifetime EP1319233B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US666239 2000-09-21
US09/666,239 US6547986B1 (en) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Magnetorheological grease composition
PCT/US2001/029337 WO2002025674A2 (fr) 2000-09-21 2001-09-19 Composition graisseuse magnetorheologique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1319233A2 EP1319233A2 (fr) 2003-06-18
EP1319233B1 true EP1319233B1 (fr) 2009-02-11

Family

ID=24673376

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01973214A Expired - Lifetime EP1319233B1 (fr) 2000-09-21 2001-09-19 Composition graisseuse magnetorheologique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6547986B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1319233B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5313427B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100437843C (fr)
DE (1) DE60137637D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002025674A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002121578A (ja) * 2000-10-18 2002-04-26 Neos Co Ltd 磁気粘性流体およびその使用方法
JPWO2002095773A1 (ja) * 2001-05-24 2004-09-09 バンドー化学株式会社 磁気粘性流体
US7101487B2 (en) * 2003-05-02 2006-09-05 Ossur Engineering, Inc. Magnetorheological fluid compositions and prosthetic knees utilizing same
US20050274454A1 (en) * 2004-06-09 2005-12-15 Extrand Charles W Magneto-active adhesive systems
US7521002B2 (en) * 2004-08-13 2009-04-21 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Magnetorheological fluid compositions
US7419616B2 (en) 2004-08-13 2008-09-02 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Magnetorheological fluid compositions
DE102005030613A1 (de) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-04 Basf Ag Magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit
FR2895046B1 (fr) * 2005-12-21 2009-05-29 Thales Sa Dispositif d'amortissement
US7575695B2 (en) * 2006-01-20 2009-08-18 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Additives package and magnetorheological fluid formulations for extended durability
US20070176035A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-02 Campbell John P Rotary motion control device
WO2008104491A1 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-04 Basf Se Mousses présentant des propriétés mécaniques variables
CN101772811B (zh) * 2007-08-01 2013-03-13 洛德公司 不沉降的基于二醇的磁流变流体
JP2011505236A (ja) * 2007-11-30 2011-02-24 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア 磁化可能な粒子を含む懸濁液を調整する方法及び装置
US20090302516A1 (en) * 2008-06-05 2009-12-10 Lockheed Martin Corporation System, method and apparatus for control surface with dynamic compensation
US20110121223A1 (en) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Magnetorheological fluids and methods of making and using the same
DE102010026782A1 (de) 2010-07-09 2012-01-12 Eckart Gmbh Plättchenförmige Eisenpigmente, magnetorheologisches Fluid und Vorrichtung
JP5587734B2 (ja) * 2010-10-27 2014-09-10 協同油脂株式会社 磁気粘性流体組成物
CN102042412A (zh) * 2010-12-31 2011-05-04 北京交通大学 提高磁性液体密封耐压能力的磁性液体
DE102011018177A1 (de) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Raino Petricevic Paste und deren Verwendung
WO2012172824A1 (fr) 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 日本精工株式会社 Composition de lubrifiant et dispositif roulant
JP5548960B2 (ja) 2011-11-16 2014-07-16 協同油脂株式会社 磁気粘性グリース組成物
RU2525404C2 (ru) * 2012-11-19 2014-08-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Астраханский государственный технический университет", ФГБОУ ВПО "АГТУ" Противоизносная присадка
JP6560073B2 (ja) * 2015-09-16 2019-08-14 コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 磁気粘性流体組成物
RU2633880C2 (ru) * 2015-11-09 2017-10-19 Закрытое акционерное общество "Крансервис" (ЗАО "Крансервис") Противоизносная присадка
WO2017151562A1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2017-09-08 Lord Corporation Additif pour fluides magnétorhéologiques
CN106653276B (zh) * 2016-11-07 2018-09-11 南京林业大学 一种民用磁流体的制备方法
CN106782989A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-05-31 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 一种硅油基羧基硅氧烷改性磁性液体及其制备方法
CN110041987A (zh) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-23 中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院 一种稳定型、耐氧化、高磁流变效应的磁流变润滑脂
CN112375605A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2021-02-19 纳拓润滑技术江苏有限公司 一种新型小模数齿轮专用润滑脂及其制备方法
US11879519B2 (en) * 2022-04-22 2024-01-23 Yamashita Rubber Co., Ltd. Magnetorheological fluid

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US266237A (en) * 1882-10-17 Oiler
US2667237A (en) * 1948-09-27 1954-01-26 Rabinow Jacob Magnetic fluid shock absorber
US2661825A (en) 1949-01-07 1953-12-08 Wefco Inc High fidelity slip control
NL171985B (nl) 1951-08-23 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Te Parijs. Werkwijze voor het bereiden van preparaten met werking tegen schistosomiasis, de aldus verkregen gevormde preparaten en werkwijze voor het bereiden van 1,2-dithioolverbindingen.
US3006656A (en) 1955-09-19 1961-10-31 Schaub Benton Hall Automatic accessory control for magnetic particle shock absorbers
CH330245A (fr) * 1956-01-16 1958-05-31 Smith & Sons Ltd S Poudre magnétique pour un embrayage et procédé de fabrication de cette poudre
US2859181A (en) * 1956-05-02 1958-11-04 Texas Co Heat stable lithium-lead soap composition
US3385793A (en) 1965-03-19 1968-05-28 Union Oil Co Electroviscous fluid and method of using same
US4992190A (en) 1989-09-22 1991-02-12 Trw Inc. Fluid responsive to a magnetic field
US5382373A (en) 1992-10-30 1995-01-17 Lord Corporation Magnetorheological materials based on alloy particles
CA2148000C (fr) 1992-10-30 2000-10-10 Keith D. Weiss Matieres magnetorheologiques thixotropes
DE19654461A1 (de) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-02 Rwe Dea Ag Flüssigkeitszusammensetzung und Verwendung der Flüssigkeitszusammensetzung als magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit
WO1998037339A1 (fr) 1997-02-24 1998-08-27 Lord Corporation Amortisseur sismique a fluide magnetorheologique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002025674A2 (fr) 2002-03-28
WO2002025674A3 (fr) 2002-06-06
CN100437843C (zh) 2008-11-26
EP1319233A2 (fr) 2003-06-18
JP5313427B2 (ja) 2013-10-09
US6547986B1 (en) 2003-04-15
JP2004510020A (ja) 2004-04-02
CN1459115A (zh) 2003-11-26
DE60137637D1 (de) 2009-03-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1319233B1 (fr) Composition graisseuse magnetorheologique
US7070707B2 (en) Magnetorheological composition
US5382373A (en) Magnetorheological materials based on alloy particles
US7217372B2 (en) Magnetorheological composition
US5599474A (en) Temperature independent magnetorheological materials
US6203717B1 (en) Stable magnetorheological fluids
EP0755563B1 (fr) Materiaux magnetorheologiques utilisant des particules a surface modifiee
EP1489633A1 (fr) Fluides magnétorhéologiques
CA2232192A1 (fr) Procede et composition de fluide magnetorheologique pour augmenter la force d'un dispositif a fluide magnetorheologique
EP2015319B1 (fr) Fluide magnétorhéologique comprenant un épaississeur au fluorocarbone
EP1283530B1 (fr) Fluides magnétorhéologiques
EP1283532A2 (fr) Fluides magnétorhéologiques comprenant des additifs stéarates et thiophosphates
JP2012529160A (ja) 高耐久性磁性流体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20030218

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE FR GB IT LI SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20050817

GRAC Information related to communication of intention to grant a patent modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCIGR1

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60137637

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20090326

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20091112

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20110928

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20110926

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20111005

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20110927

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120920

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: EUG

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20120919

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20130531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120919

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120919

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20121001

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20130927

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60137637

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60137637

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20150401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150401