EP1558056A1 - Akustisches System für Kraftfahrzeuge und entsprechendes Gerät - Google Patents

Akustisches System für Kraftfahrzeuge und entsprechendes Gerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1558056A1
EP1558056A1 EP05364002A EP05364002A EP1558056A1 EP 1558056 A1 EP1558056 A1 EP 1558056A1 EP 05364002 A EP05364002 A EP 05364002A EP 05364002 A EP05364002 A EP 05364002A EP 1558056 A1 EP1558056 A1 EP 1558056A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loudspeakers
speakers
vehicle
sound
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05364002A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yvon Kerneis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cabasse SA
Original Assignee
Cabasse SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cabasse SA filed Critical Cabasse SA
Publication of EP1558056A1 publication Critical patent/EP1558056A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/04—Circuit arrangements, e.g. for selective connection of amplifier inputs/outputs to loudspeakers, for loudspeaker detection, or for adaptation of settings to personal preferences or hearing impairments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of sound and audio and more
  • the invention relates to devices and systems for vehicles for transport and / or movement of persons (in particular automobiles, trucks, planes, boats, trains).
  • motor vehicles are equipped with auto-radios connected to loudspeakers located in a dashboard, in doors and / or at the rear of the vehicle. It is usually possible to balance (fade) the power restituted by the different speakers between the front and the back on the one hand and between the left and the right. A subwoofer is sometimes added in the trunk of the vehicle. Nevertheless, the stereophonic image restored by the loudspeakers is not optimal and remains difficult to master.
  • the front speakers include speakers mediums of 13 or 17 cm mounted at the bottom of the doors, more than one meter and associated with a tweeter mounted on the dashboard.
  • the car radio 11 comprises a sound source 111 controlled by a man / machine interface 110 which allows in particular to control the source itself, the sound volume of output and the fader and providing a five-way sound signal to an interface 112.
  • the interface 112 supplies separately each of the loudspeakers 12, 13, 14, 16 and 17 via links 121, 131, 141, 161 and 171.
  • the speakers are substantially omnidirectional so that two people (eg driver and passenger) can hear the sound produced by the five loudspeakers 12, 13, 14, 16 and 17. Nevertheless, the sound (which propagates in a direction represented by dashed lines) produced by the latter undergoes many reflections on the cabin, which gives a diffuse sound image. It is therefore not possible for an auditor to have a good stereo image even if it can control via the fader the volume restored by each of the speakers.
  • the cutoff frequency is 5 kHz between the midrange speakers which corresponds to a length wave of the order of 6.8 cm, which is very low in front of the spacing of the speakers and which thus prevents a good coherence in the restitution of the sources sound.
  • the invention in its various aspects is intended in particular to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a system vehicle acoustics that enhances stereo listening quality while maintaining a good spectral balance.
  • the invention also aims to improve the rendering of the sound relief produced by loudspeakers.
  • a complementary objective of the invention is to offer a quality of listening adapted to each passenger of a vehicle.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a sound source for spatial coherence (especially in the treble, the directivity of the source gradually increasing towards the high frequencies) with effects of reflections on the vehicle interior limited and well controlled.
  • An object of the invention is also to allow an implementation relatively easy of the acoustic system.
  • a listener immersed in a sound field perceives a phenomenon corresponding to particularities of his ears and his system of auditory perception: a frontal sound stage, provided by the direct sound, where it can accurately distinguish different musical instruments ; in this case, the information is captured by both ears as a difference in amplitude and time on the signals received by the two eardrums.
  • a multichannel source two, three, five or seven channels in particular, filtered according to the invention on each of the channels, makes it possible to restore in a vehicle, a spatialization of sound.
  • the system is remarkable in that that the filtering means comprise means for reconstituting a three-dimensional virtual sound image at the level of the auditor (s) positioned in the predetermined location, from the sound signals each associated with at least one of the speakers.
  • An auditor placed in a vehicle usually has a fixed position predetermined. Sound filters associated with loudspeakers and adapted to a sound spatialization are thus implemented according to the position of the matching speakers and the location of the listener (s).
  • the system is remarkable in that that the filtering means are of the so-called relative head transfer function HRTF.
  • An HRTF Head Relative Transfer Function
  • Relative head transfer function allows a three-dimensional sound image dimensions from at least two speakers in a type environment vehicle while remaining relatively simple to implement.
  • the system is remarkable in that that at least one of the sources includes at least two channels and that each filtering is applied to one of the channels.
  • each of the channels is filtered in a specific way.
  • the system is remarkable in that at least one of the sets comprises at least one pair of speakers, so-called right and left speakers, which are positioned substantially symmetrical with respect to a predetermined location at which the pair is associated, filtering means performing at least two distinct filterings of the source signal to provide at least two sound signals each associated with right and left speakers, so that the associated sound signals are substantially coherent in phase and amplitude when perceived by a listener positioned at the predetermined location.
  • the implementation of the filtering means is facilitated in a two-channel sound environment, the signals for the right speakers and left in a given pair, not requiring phase correction or of amplitude associated with an asymmetry of their location vis-à-vis a auditor.
  • the system is remarkable in that at least one of the sets comprises at least one pair of speakers, so-called right and left speakers, which are positioned substantially symmetrical with respect to a predetermined location at which the pair is associated, and in that the system comprises means of phase shift and modification of the amplitude of the signals each associated with the right speakers and left and intended to compensate for a lack of symmetry in the position of the loudspeakers right and left relative to the predetermined location, so that the associated sound signals are substantially coherent in phase and in amplitude when perceived by a listener positioned at the location predetermined
  • the implementation of the means of filtering is compatible with unsymmetrical loudspeaker placement right and left vis-à-vis the location of an auditor, for example when unsymmetrical pre-wiring exists in the vehicle or when the number of loudspeakers is reduced.
  • the system is remarkable in that at least two of the loudspeakers are positioned on a dashboard of the vehicle.
  • the system allows a good quality of listening for listeners located at the front of the vehicle while allowing a simple and efficient installation, the loudspeakers being preferentially positioned near the means of system control. This positioning also allows optimization of available space in the cockpit.
  • the system is remarkable in that at least two of the loudspeakers are positioned on a vehicle seat.
  • the system also allows a good quality of listening for listeners located behind a seat with a pair of loudspeakers according to the invention while optimizing the ergonomics of the vehicle and the use of space available in the cockpit.
  • the system is remarkable in that at least two of the speakers are associated with a removable medium.
  • the system is remarkable in that that it comprises means of dynamic adaptation of the filtering means in depending on the position of the auditor (s).
  • filters and speaker controls Speakers that can be cut if a listener location is not occupied for example
  • the characteristics of filters and speaker controls are optimized according to the position of the listeners within the vehicle.
  • the system is remarkable in that it includes means for selecting the position of the listener (s).
  • the position of the auditor can be determined manually (the auditor or listeners selecting, for example, a mode of operation of the system according to predetermined positions) or automatically (by example with consideration of information provided by seat sensors and / or safety belt used in vehicles).
  • the characteristics of Filters are then dynamically adapted according to the selected positions.
  • the system is remarkable in that that it includes means of automatically identifying the position of the listeners.
  • the system is remarkable in that at least two of the speakers are directive.
  • the sounds are substantially direct and little reflected by the environment so that listeners are little bothered by the echoes on cabin or sound produced by loudspeakers associated with other passengers of the vehicle.
  • the system is remarkable in that that the filtering means comprise at least two digital filters to finite impulse each generating one of the sound signals associated with loudspeakers.
  • the system is remarkable in that at least one of the loudspeakers is a coaxial type with an inverted motor.
  • the size of the loudspeakers is limited, the coaxial motors to Inverted motor with a large bandwidth (including medium and high frequencies). They can therefore be easily installed in a vehicle in particular in a seat or on a dashboard with a spacing relatively weak.
  • the general principle of the invention is based on an acoustic system comprising two loudspeakers positioned and / or configured so that a listener perceives mainly a substantially coherent sound (that is, well balanced in phase and amplitude), and preferentially direct from each of these speakers.
  • the sound image provided to the listener is very good quality.
  • the loudspeakers intended for an auditor are placed in face of this listener substantially symmetrically. Nevertheless, if the speakers are not positioned in this way, according to the invention, the phase and amplitude at the level of each speaker so that the listener perceives correspondingly coherent sound signals.
  • the source device comprises means to feed each of these speakers to reconstruct a three-dimensional virtual sound image at the level of the listener in the mid and high frequencies.
  • Such means allow for example sound signal processing to power the speakers with a signal Head Relative Transfer Function (HRTF) relative head transfer ").
  • HRTF Head Relative Transfer Function
  • Such a technique (used according to the state of the art in multimedia systems in an office or home environment) allows, according to the invention, a three-dimensional sound image from two speakers in a vehicle-type environment.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment of a acoustic system according to the invention.
  • the tweeters and midrange speakers 22, 25, 26 and 23 have preferentially a relatively narrow sound distribution cone (in other words, the speakers 22, 25, 26 and 23 are relatively directional) and directed to the listener 15 or 18 corresponding.
  • listeners hear loudspeakers of acute and midrange associated with them and are not substantially disturbed by other loudspeakers (for example, the listener 15 understands the speakers 22 and 25 without being disturbed by the speakers 26 and 23).
  • the bass speaker (or subwoofer) 24 is preferably omnidirectional and placed in front of the vehicle to produce sound for all passengers of the vehicle.
  • the loudspeakers 22, 25, 26 and 23 also produce bass.
  • the man / machine interface 210 makes it possible in particular to control the source 211 itself (source type, radio frequency, disk range, ). She permits also to control unit 214 by defining in particular the position of the listeners and the loudness of each of the speakers associated with a listener particular.
  • Unit 214 transmits, to DSP 213, the coefficients of an HRTF filter to provide a 3D sound image for each of the listeners 15 and 18 These coefficients are preferably determined according to the vehicle and the position of the passengers and pre-registered in the unit 214. According to a variant, unit 214 dynamically calculates the value of these coefficients.
  • the DSP 213 which performs the corresponding filtering operation on the sound signal for each of the channels connected to the loudspeakers 22 to 26 via the interface 212 and respective links 221, 251, 261, 231 and 241.
  • the left and right filters are respectively characterized by coefficients HL (i) and HR (i) for i ranging from 1 to N.
  • An HRTF transfer function is defined as a particular frequency response of the right or left ear, measured between a loudspeaker and a specific point in the ear canal.
  • the HRTF transfer function is determined thanks to measurements of coefficients of the transfer function (or filters left and right) depending on the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the positioning of speakers and the location of the auditor (s).
  • the listener in the vehicle is simulated by a manikin with microphones at level of the ears, the manikin being positioned in the vehicle as the listener. From the sound signals picked up by the microphones, we measure the IACC (from the English “Inter Aural Correlation Coefficient” or "Coefficient acoustic intercorrelation "in French).
  • the coefficients of the filters are preferentially pre-recorded
  • the HRTF filter comprises two filters Infinite pulse digital (or IIR).
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a vehicle acoustic system, according to a variant of the invention.
  • the tweeters and midrange speakers 32, 33 and 34 present preferentially a cone of sound diffusion broad enough and therefore more omnidirectional. They are not necessarily directed to the listener 15.
  • a listener or a position sensor indicates at the interface 310 the position of the listener (for example, passenger or driver position corresponding to pre-recorded positions according to the seats of the vehicle or dynamic tuning that the listener refines according to the sound reproduction).
  • the interface 310 determines the difference in amplitude and phase to be applied to each of the loudspeakers 32 and 33 so that the sound signal produced by these two loudspeakers arrive in a coherent manner (that is, without phase shift or amplitude) to the ears of the listener.
  • ⁇ d is 1 m and the gain to be applied to the loudspeaker 33 is approximately 9.5 dB and the delay is approximately 3 ms.
  • the unit 314 calculates the coefficients of an HRTF filter making it possible to provide a 3D sound image for the listener 15 (for example) and provides these coefficients to the DSP 313 which performs the corresponding filtering operation on the sound signal, the phase and amplitude offset for each of the connected channels to the loudspeakers 32, 33, and 34 via the interface 312 and the respective links 321, 331 and 341.
  • the device 31 allows compatibility with the stereo systems consisting of two speakers or with pre-equipped vehicles with loudspeakers on both sides of the vehicle while allowing optimization of the three-dimensional sound image when the number of people inside the vehicle is reduced.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to reduce the number speakers needed.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a particular implementation of the acoustic system of the cabin 20 illustrated with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the subwoofer 24 is placed between the seats at the low level of the cockpit.
  • the loudspeakers 22, 25, 26 and 23 are placed at a high level (for example, above the windshield) while remaining positioned symmetrically with respect to the listener corresponding to them.
  • the subwoofer 24 is placed in the trunk of the vehicle.
  • a subwoofer 54 is placed under the passenger seat.
  • FIG. 6 shows a vehicle equipped with an acoustic system corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 4, the vehicle being seen from the passenger spaces located at the rear of the vehicle.
  • the cockpit 20 includes two front seats 60 and 64 equipped with two speakers on each side of their respective rear face in their upper part.
  • the seat 60 (respectively 64) is provided with two fixed speakers 62 and 65 (respectively 66 and 63) for a rear passenger positioned on the left (respectively to the right) of the passenger compartment 20.
  • Each of these speakers and connected to the interface 212 and emits a sound signal similar to that produced by the loudspeakers 22 and 25, thus producing a three-dimensional virtual sound image for the corresponding listener.
  • Figure 7 shows the rear of a vehicle equipped with an acoustic system corresponding to Figures 2 and 5.
  • the cockpit 20 includes two front seats 70 and 74 equipped each of a removable device 700 or 701.
  • the device 701 is similar to the device 700 and will therefore not be described more.
  • the means to manage several sources simultaneously are particularly adapted to differentiate these sources, to amplify, filter (according to an HRTF mode) and direct the produced sound signals to one or more pairs of loudspeakers (left and right) corresponding to the choices of users made by control means (for example, selection buttons).
  • the means for managing multiple sources simultaneously may include several amplification and filtering circuits (DSP). According to one variant, these means include a single DSP strong enough to handle simultaneously several independent input and output signals.
  • the devices 700 and 701 are independent and are adapted to produce on their screen and their respective speakers an image and a its different does not correspond to the same source.
  • the sound image created by the devices 700 and 701 is located in an area behind the armchairs on which they are positioned.
  • the sound of the device 700 covers that produced by the device 701 in an area behind the chair 70 (respectively 74). So, a passenger placed behind the seat 70 is not (or at least little) embarrassed by the sound produced by the device 701 even if the loudspeakers 73 and 76 of the device 701 are not connected to the same source as the speakers 72 and 75 of the device 700 (the device 71 being in fact adapted to transmit independent signals on each pair of speakers).
  • the device 71 being in fact adapted to transmit independent signals on each pair of speakers.
  • the amplification and filtering device sound is adapted to process a signal from a single source; according to this variant, each pair of speakers reproduces a similar sound image in three dimensions corresponding to this source with identical filtering respectively for each pair of speakers with a simple differentiation between left and right speakers.
  • the device amplification and filtering is relatively simple to implement.
  • the amplification and sound filtering is suitable for processing a signal from a single source and includes filtering means specific to each pair of loudspeakers according to the possible corresponding auditors.
  • FIG. 8 shows an inverted motor coaxial loudspeaker particularly well suited to the acoustic systems of FIGS. 2 to 7, and corresponding, for example, to the medium and treble loudspeakers 22, 23, 25, 26, 32, 33, 62, 63, 65, 66, 72 and 75.
  • Magnets and field plates are rigidly associated with chassis 84.
  • the magnets are rare earth (for example of the Neodymium-Iron-Boron type (or NdFeB) or Samarium-Cobalt.
  • the reels can move next the axis 83 inside a magnetic field created by the field plate and the magnet of their respective production set.
  • the membrane 823 with an external diameter of about 2 cm is associated in a flexible manner to a peripheral support rigidly connected to the cylinder head 88 via a peripheral suspension 825. These diameters can be much larger or smaller depending on variant embodiments of the invention as a function of the desired sound frequencies.
  • the medium membrane 813 is concave seen from the outside of the speaker 80.
  • the treble membrane 823 is convex.
  • the depth of the speaker 80 is close to 3 cm.
  • the size of the speaker 80 is reduced to allow a easier placement in a dashboard or vehicle chair; a reduced size is due in particular to the membranes 813 and 823 located inside the chassis 84 and a speaker motor, coaxial and inverted.
  • the loudspeaker remains coaxial motor inverted with a concave medium membrane, the production set of treble is then located preferentially between the frame and the membrane of medium.
  • the frequency response of the sound production sets is determined by shapes and dimensions according to rules known to man of career.
  • the currents feeding the coils 811 and 821 are also filtered in frequency (preferentially independently of the filtering HRTF) so that the acoustic response of the loudspeaker 80 is the most possible constant in the band considered (for example 500 Hz to 20 KHz) of so that the sound production is of good quality.
  • the loudspeaker is coax without inverted motor.
  • the skilled person can bring any variant into the nature (finite or infinite pulse filter applied to a time signal or frequency) and characteristics (number of coefficients, quantification, sampling frequency ...) HRTF filters.
  • the invention is of course compatible with any type of stereo source, including two or more channels generally multichannel (the number of channels worth, for example, 2, 3, 5 or 7).
  • Each of the channels is filtered so that the corresponding signals are substantially coherent in phase and in amplitude when they are perceived by at least one listeners positioned in one location predetermined.
  • the filtering applied to each of the channels is, for example, of the type HRTF so that a three-dimensional virtual sound image is perceived by the auditor (s).
  • the skilled person may also make any variant in the sound spectrum of the loudspeakers according to the invention (for example band of frequencies from 200 Hz to 20000 Hz or 50 to 1000 Hz or 50 to 20000 Hz).
  • the midrange and treble loudspeakers are, for example, example, of coaxial type or separated into distinct elements.
  • the invention relates to audio systems relating to any source including radio tuner type, recorded media player (CD-Audio, DVD, ...) or any terminal (computer, game console, ).
  • the filtering means comprising the means of determining the filter coefficients and the signal processing means for the actual filtering, are implemented in any suitable device for use in a vehicle, especially in the form of dedicated equipment (interfacing sound source and speakers) or built-in equipment of type source (auto-radio for example) or loudspeaker, or in the form of module (with multiple components), isolated component, processor associated with a program containing instructions for performing filtering, program containing the instructions for filtering an audible signal intended for a vehicle.
  • the skilled person may also bring any variant in the positioning pairs of loudspeakers intended for a listener: the latter may in particular be implemented on dashboards of vehicles, seats, on armrests, at the ceiling of a vehicle, doors, ...
  • the invention also relates to equipment implementing loudspeakers according to the invention, in particular loudspeakers, headphones audio, vehicle seats or dashboards, audio equipment, video and / or multimedia comprising such loudspeakers.
  • the invention relates to all vehicles, in particular of the automotive type, airplane, boat or truck, comprising an acoustic system as described previously according to the invention and / or means for accommodating such a system.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
EP05364002A 2004-01-13 2005-01-13 Akustisches System für Kraftfahrzeuge und entsprechendes Gerät Withdrawn EP1558056A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0400274A FR2865096B1 (fr) 2004-01-13 2004-01-13 Systeme acoustique pour vehicule et dispositif correspondant
FR0400274 2004-01-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1558056A1 true EP1558056A1 (de) 2005-07-27

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EP05364002A Withdrawn EP1558056A1 (de) 2004-01-13 2005-01-13 Akustisches System für Kraftfahrzeuge und entsprechendes Gerät

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US (1) US20050213786A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1558056A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2865096B1 (de)

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FR2980071A1 (fr) * 2011-09-12 2013-03-15 Claude Carpentier Perfectionnement aux dispositifs de reproduction stereophonique pour automobile
WO2013057386A1 (fr) * 2011-09-12 2013-04-25 Claude Carpentier Perfectionnement aux dispositifs de reproduction stéréophonique des automobiles
FR3069092A1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-18 Claude Bernard Roch Andre Carpentier Procede d'amelioration de la qualite des moyens d'ecoute standardises
FR3119960A1 (fr) * 2021-02-18 2022-08-19 Moca Audio Véhicule comportant un dispositif de restitution sonore disposé dans un espace médian avant de l’habitacle, dispositif adapté
WO2022175328A1 (fr) 2021-02-18 2022-08-25 Moca Audio Console centrale avant de véhicule avec haut-parleurs, et véhicule la comportant

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FR2865096A1 (fr) 2005-07-15
US20050213786A1 (en) 2005-09-29

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