EP1548677B1 - Méthode et système de détection d'incendie - Google Patents

Méthode et système de détection d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1548677B1
EP1548677B1 EP04450236A EP04450236A EP1548677B1 EP 1548677 B1 EP1548677 B1 EP 1548677B1 EP 04450236 A EP04450236 A EP 04450236A EP 04450236 A EP04450236 A EP 04450236A EP 1548677 B1 EP1548677 B1 EP 1548677B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
images
alarm
processing
pixels
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Not-in-force
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EP04450236A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1548677A1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Tentschert
Peter Wolfram
Hubert Schinkinger
Hannes Oberndorfer
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WAGNER AUSTRIA GmbH
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Wagner Austria GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fire detection, in particular for the detection of magnesium fires, wherein the danger zone with at least one camera images are recorded with a certain resolution and a certain repetition frequency, the images are processed and resulting in processing values are compared with predefined reference values, and if the reference values are exceeded, an alarm is triggered.
  • the invention further relates to a device for fire detection, in particular for the detection of magnesium fires, with at least one camera for capturing images of the danger zone with a specific resolution and a specific refresh rate, a memory for storing images, a device for processing the images, and a Device for triggering an alarm.
  • Fire detectors which are based on the optical or chemical detection of smoke, have the disadvantage that an alarm triggering or firefighting is possible relatively late. In contrast, fire detectors which detect the resulting flames have a shorter reaction time. However, such fire detectors are not so reliable because on the one hand extraneous light influences trigger false alarms and on the other hand certain flames can not be detected as such.
  • the US 5,937,077 A describes a method for fire detection, wherein images are taken with a camera in the infrared range, and to eliminate error sources only a very narrow infrared wavelength range is further processed by 1140 nm. The images are further processed to identify possible sources of fire and compared with images characteristic of flames and evaluated accordingly. If the rating exceeds a certain threshold, the alarm will be triggered.
  • the US 2002/0030608 A1 describes a device for fire detection, especially in the cargo holds of aircraft, with images taken in the infrared range with cameras. From the analyzed images histograms are created and searched for contiguous areas of pixels with specific brightness values. From certain changes in the histogram and the number of pixels of the contiguous areas can be deduced fire flocks.
  • Another device for detecting smoke or fire in rooms is from the US 2002/0135490 A1 in which an image of the room is recorded and compared with a reference image.
  • a light source for illuminating the room and as electro-optical device, for example, a video camera is used.
  • the images are captured both in gray values and in color.
  • the successive recorded images are compared with each other and when the changes are exceeded above a certain threshold, an alarm signal is generated.
  • the US 2003/0141980 A1 shows a method for detecting smoke and fire, in which digital bids are recorded and compared.
  • the fire detection algorithm filters out movements in the frequency range between 1.25 and 4 Hz and detects the changes that are characteristic of the flickering of a flame.
  • the WO 01/97193 A2 describes a method and apparatus for fire detection of the type specified in which a number of captured images are analyzed over time and the data is fed to a Fourier transform, and a particular frequency range characteristic of the flickering of a flame is analyzed accordingly becomes. In this case, the computational effort and thus the time required for a reliable detection of the flame is relatively high.
  • the WO 01/24131 A2 shows another fire detection algorithm, which is particularly focused on the detection of flames, such as occur in the combustion of gasoline.
  • the temporal course of images is analyzed accordingly, which takes a relatively long time.
  • the shows DE 295 02 831 U1 a fire detection and control system, in which a certain danger area is optically detected and the recorded image is compared with stored images corresponding to fire or smoke.
  • this system is very prone to false alarms.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an above-mentioned method by which, as quickly and reliably as possible, the fire or its cause, e.g. a spark or an arc can be detected.
  • the effort should be as low as possible, so that a fast response is possible by the required low computing power. Disadvantages of known methods should be avoided or reduced.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an above-mentioned device for fire detection, in particular for the detection of magnesium fires or their cause, which is as simple and inexpensive as possible and allows reliable and rapid detection of a fire.
  • the first object according to the invention is achieved by a method mentioned above, wherein the camera captures and stores a background image representing a fire-free situation, furthermore excluding those pixels from further processing in which the pixels of the background image have a predefined brightness value (MaskLevel). Furthermore, to determine a luminance histogram from the current image, the number of pixels are determined as a function of brightness ranges, and the number of pixels in all brightness ranges above a predefined brightness value (VerifyLevel), which can be put on fire, are summed. and finally the Alarm is triggered if this sum exceeds the predefined reference value (FireLevel).
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that areas are detected by detecting the background image in a fire-free state, which due to their brightness could trigger false alarms and be excluded from further processing. These areas may be, for example, light sources within the danger area covered by the camera, reflections or the like. Due to the relatively simple evaluation of the pixels of the current image in the form of a luminance histogram and the counting of those pixels which exceed a predefined brightness value, and finally the comparison with a predefined reference value, a relatively low processing effort is involved, so that a rapid detection of a Fire, especially magnesium fire, already in the state of formation, ie in the formation of a spark or arc, is possible. Previous methods usually process a series of recorded images and therefore have a corresponding delay of the reaction.
  • images are recorded with the camera in the infrared range, preferably in the wavelength range below 850 nm.
  • the filtering of the visible light with a wavelength above 850 nm can be carried out with corresponding optical filters, which are connected upstream of the camera, or also by means of electronic filters, which are tuned to the selected frequency range.
  • additional areas can be defined within the captured image and hidden mechanically or electronically. In this way, predefined regions of the danger zone can be excluded from the fire detection, so that the probability of false alarms can be further reduced.
  • a background image representing a fire-free situation is recorded and stored at cyclic intervals. This can take into account changing situations. The frequency of recording and storing such background images must be adapted to the respective circumstances.
  • the amount of the excess of the stored reference value is detected and the alarm is carried out as a function of this level.
  • a gradation of the alarm depending on the number of those pixels with a brightness value above the defined brightness value, which can be close to fire, take place. For example, in the case of a particularly high number of pixels, which are highly likely to indicate the occurrence of a fire, the fire brigade of a corresponding point in the factory will be notified immediately or even a suitable extinguishing system will be activated automatically, whereas if the reference value is slightly exceeded, only an advance warning will be given can be done.
  • the refresh rate is at least 10 Hz in order to achieve a quick reaction to any flame or sparking.
  • an extinguishing device can be activated substantially simultaneously with or shortly after the alarm.
  • the alarm is triggered when, in addition to or in addition to the above-mentioned alerting, at least one further fire detection device, for example a smoke detection device, emits an alarm signal.
  • at least one further fire detection device for example a smoke detection device
  • multiple fire alarm procedures can be combined with each other and their alarm signals linked accordingly, for example, logically “AND” or “OR” linked.
  • the resulting values of multiple cameras can be linked together and the alarm triggered depending on the values of all the cameras.
  • an alarm can already take place when the sum of the number of pixels in a camera exceeds a predefined reference value in all brightness ranges above a predefined brightness value, or if all of these cameras fulfill this condition.
  • the second object according to the invention is achieved by an above-mentioned device for detecting fires, in particular for detecting magnesium fires, the memory being designed to store a background image representing a fireless situation, and the device for processing the images to identify those pixels of the background image which a predetermined brightness value, is formed, and further means for excluding these pixels of the current images of the processing is provided.
  • a device for detecting fires in particular for detecting magnesium fires
  • the memory being designed to store a background image representing a fireless situation
  • Such a device is characterized by a relatively simple construction and allows a rapid detection of a fire, especially magnesium fire, already during the formation of sparks or arcs.
  • the at least one camera can be wirelessly connected to the processing device. This increases flexibility and possibly also safety.
  • screens can be provided to hide certain areas of the danger area covered by the camera, which can be designed in different ways.
  • the at least one camera is assigned an infrared filter, which preferably transmits the wavelength range ⁇ 850 nm.
  • the means for processing the images and the means for excluding the pixels of the current images from the processing are preferably constituted by a computer.
  • the computer may be formed by a computer, a microprocessor or a microcontroller.
  • a device for logging the time profile of the processed images is provided according to a further feature of the invention. Logging can be done on a disk or on paper.
  • a plurality of cameras are provided, all of which are connected to the processing device are connected so that the alarm is triggered depending on the images of all cameras.
  • a logical "AND" connection of all camera signals can take place, so that an alarm is triggered only when all cameras detect images that indicate a fire.
  • a logical "OR” connection of the camera signals may take place, so that the alarm is already triggered when a camera already delivers a signal that indicates fire.
  • weightings of the individual camera signals can be made, which are adapted to the particular circumstances.
  • a further fire detection device for example an aspiratory fire detection device may be provided, which is connected to the processing device, so that the alarm can also be triggered as a function of the at least one further fire detection device.
  • the signals of a plurality of fire detection devices can be linked.
  • At least one deletion device is provided, which is connected to the device for triggering the alarm.
  • the extinguishing device can be activated substantially at the same time or shortly after the triggering of an alarm, and the fire can be extinguished shortly after its creation.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for fire detection, in particular for the detection of magnesium fires, wherein with at least one camera 1 images of a region of interest, in which a fire may arise can be recorded.
  • a processing machine 10 which processes a workpiece 11, in particular a workpiece made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy.
  • step 100 the signal of each camera 1 is stored and, according to block 101, luminance histograms are created.
  • block 102 is used to quantify the number of pixels which can be indicative of fire and exceed a predefined reference value n R , and depending on this, issue a corresponding alarm.
  • n R If the number of pixels is below the reference value n R , no message is given in block 103, if the number of pixels is in a high range above the reference value n R , according to block 104, for example, an automatic alerting of the fire brigade or the automatic activation of a deletion device. If the number of pixels which are above the predefined reference value n R lies in a middle range, then, for example, according to block 105, only a local alarm or pre-alarm occurs, so that corresponding steps can be set on-site. In addition, logging of the logging may occur according to block 106.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a background image in which certain pixels that exceed a predefined brightness value (MaskLevel) are identified and excluded from further processing (hatched).
  • a predefined brightness value MoskLevel
  • individual points in the background image which have a particularly high brightness and thus could simulate the presence of a flame or a spark, can be excluded from further processing and thus the risk of a false message can be minimized.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a luminance histogram (see block 101 in FIG Fig. 1 ) of a current image, where the brightness is divided from 0% (black) to 100% (white) into individual areas. In the example shown, the areas are divided into 5% sections of the brightness. In practice, a much finer subdivision will take place.
  • the luminance histogram now shows the number of pixels depending on the respective brightness range.
  • the fire detection method according to the invention now selects all values of the luminance histogram which exceed a defined brightness value (VerifyLevel). L V are, for example, 75%, and could indicate fire. Now a quantification takes place (see block 102 in Fig.
  • FIG. 4 a block diagram of an embodiment of the inventive device for fire detection with at least one camera 1, which is connected to a device 2 for processing the images.
  • This connection between the at least one camera 1 and the processing device 2 can also be wireless.
  • the memory 3 is designed for storing a background image representing a fire-free situation, and the device 2 for processing the images for recognizing those pixels of the background image which exceed a predefined brightness value, and means for excluding these pixels of the current images from the Processing provided.
  • apertures 5 for masking certain areas and filters 6, for example an infrared filter, may be arranged upstream of each camera 1.
  • a device 7 for logging the time course of the processed images may also be provided.
  • the memory 3 or a separate memory also contains the brightness values (mask level) predefined before activation of the device, the predefined brightness values (VerifyLevel L V ), which can be based on fire, and the predefined reference values (Fire level n R ) stored. These reference values are determined and saved individually before activation.
  • the signals of all cameras 1 are supplied to the processing device 2. After quantification, a corresponding signaling is sent to the device 4 for triggering an alarm. According to arrow VA only a pre-alarm, according to arrow A is a normal alarm.
  • At least one further fire detection device 8 for example a smoke detection device, may be provided, which is also connected to the device 4 for triggering an alarm.
  • a further fire detection device 8 for example a smoke detection device, may be provided, which is also connected to the device 4 for triggering an alarm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Procédé de détection d'incendie, en particulier pour la détection de feu de magnésium, dans lequel des images avec une résolution déterminée et une fréquence de répétition déterminée sont prises de la zone dangereuse avec au moins une caméra, les images sont traitées et lors du traitement, les valeurs résultantes sont comparées à des valeurs de référence prédéfinies, et dans le cas du dépassement des valeurs de référence, une alarme est déclenchée, caractérisé en ce qu'une image d'arrière-plan représentant une situation sans incendie est enregistrée par la caméra et mémorisée, en ce que les pixels sont déterminés par un autre traitement, dans lequel les pixels de l'image d'arrière-plan dépassent une valeur de luminosité prédéfinie (MaskLevel), en ce que la pluralité de pixels est déterminée conformément aux zones de luminosité pour la formation d'un histogramme de luminance à partir de l'image actuelle, en ce que la pluralité de pixels dans toutes les zones de luminosité au-dessus d'une valeur de luminosité prédéfinie (VerifyLevel), qui peuvent conclure à un feu, est additionnée, et en ce que l'alarme est déclenchée, lorsque cette somme dépasse la valeur de référence prédéfinie (FireLevel).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les images sont prises avec la caméra dans le domaine de l'infrarouge, de préférence dans la plage de longueurs d'onde inférieures à 850 nm.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les zones à l'intérieur de l'image détectée sont définies et extraites mécaniquement ou électroniquement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une image d'arrière-plan représentant une situation sans incendie est enregistrée selon des écarts cycliques et mémorisée.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'amplitude du dépassement de la valeur de référence prédéfinie (FireLevel) est détectée et l'alarme est déclenchée selon cette amplitude.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la fréquence de répétition d'image est au moins 10 Hz.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'extinction est activé sensiblement simultanément ou brièvement après l'alarme.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'alarme est déclenchée, lorsqu'au moins un autre système de détection d'incendie, par exemple un système de détection de fumée, délivre un signal d'alarme en plus ou alternativement.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs résultantes de plusieurs caméras sont associées et l'alarme est déclenchée conformément aux valeurs résultantes de toutes les caméras.
  10. Système de détection d'incendie, en particulier pour détecter des feux de magnésium, comportant au moins une caméra (1) pour l'enregistrement d'images de la zone dangereuse avec une résolution déterminée et une fréquence de répétition déterminée, une mémoire (3) pour mémoriser les images, un dispositif (2) pour traiter les images, et un dispositif (4) pour déclencher une alarme, caractérisé en ce que la mémoire (3) est réalisée pour mémoriser une image d'arrière-plan représentant une situation sans incendie, et en ce que le dispositif (2) est réalisé pour traiter les images pour détecter les pixels de l'image d'arrière-plan, qui dépassent une valeur de luminosité prédéfinie (MaskLevel), et en ce qu'un dispositif pour supprimer ces pixels des images actuelles par le traitement est prévu.
  11. Système selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la au moins une caméra (1) est reliée sans fil au dispositif de traitement (2).
  12. Système selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les écrans (5) sont prévus pour extraire certaines zones.
  13. Système selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'un filtre infrarouge (6) est associé à la au moins une caméra (1), qui laisse passer de préférence la plage de longueurs d'onde < 850 nm.
  14. Système selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'un filtre électronique est associé à la au moins une caméra (1), qui laisse passer de préférence la plage de longueurs d'onde < 850 nm.
  15. Système selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (2) pour le traitement des images et le dispositif pour supprimer les pixels des images actuelles par le traitement sont formés par un calculateur.
  16. Système selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif (7) est prévu pour l'enregistrement du déroulement temporel des images traitées.
  17. Système selon l'une des revendications 10 à 16, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs caméras (1) sont prévues, qui sont reliées au dispositif de traitement (2), de sorte que l'alarme peut être déclenchée selon les images de toutes les caméras (1).
  18. Système selon les revendications 10 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'un autre dispositif de détection d'incendie (8), par exemple un dispositif de détection de fumée, est prévu, qui est relié au dispositif de traitement (2), de sorte qu'une alarme peut être déclenchée également selon au moins un autre dispositif de détection d'incendie (8) .
  19. Système selon l'une des revendications 10 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'extinction (9) est prévu, qui est relié au dispositif (4) pour déclencher l'alarme.
EP04450236A 2003-12-22 2004-12-22 Méthode et système de détection d'incendie Not-in-force EP1548677B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0206503A AT414055B (de) 2003-12-22 2003-12-22 Verfahren und einrichtung zur branderkennung
AT20652003 2003-12-22

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EP1548677A1 EP1548677A1 (fr) 2005-06-29
EP1548677B1 true EP1548677B1 (fr) 2008-04-09

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DE (1) DE502004006764D1 (fr)

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CN108252741B (zh) * 2018-03-15 2023-04-18 中国矿业大学(北京) 基于红外图像的采煤工作面水灾报警系统
CN108194145B (zh) * 2018-03-15 2023-04-18 中国矿业大学(北京) 基于红外图像的矿井水灾报警系统
CN108457699B (zh) * 2018-03-15 2023-04-18 中国矿业大学(北京) 基于红外图像的掘进工作面水灾报警系统

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JPH03182185A (ja) * 1989-12-11 1991-08-08 Fujitsu Ltd 赤外線監視システム
US5937077A (en) * 1996-04-25 1999-08-10 General Monitors, Incorporated Imaging flame detection system
US6529132B2 (en) * 1998-02-27 2003-03-04 Societe Industrielle D'avation Latecoere Device for monitoring an enclosure, in particular the hold of an aircraft
DE19840873A1 (de) * 1998-09-01 2000-03-09 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Waldbranderkennung
US7002478B2 (en) * 2000-02-07 2006-02-21 Vsd Limited Smoke and flame detection
US6184792B1 (en) * 2000-04-19 2001-02-06 George Privalov Early fire detection method and apparatus
AU2002220440B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2007-08-23 Siemens Schweiz Ag Video smoke detection system
EP1239433A1 (fr) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-11 VIDAIR Aktiengesellschaft Méthode et système pour la détection de feux et/ou fumée dans un espace

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ATA20652003A (de) 2005-11-15
AT414055B (de) 2006-08-15
EP1548677A1 (fr) 2005-06-29
DE502004006764D1 (de) 2008-05-21
ATE391976T1 (de) 2008-04-15

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