EP1300816A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection des incendies dans les enceintes fermées - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection des incendies dans les enceintes fermées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1300816A1
EP1300816A1 EP01123718A EP01123718A EP1300816A1 EP 1300816 A1 EP1300816 A1 EP 1300816A1 EP 01123718 A EP01123718 A EP 01123718A EP 01123718 A EP01123718 A EP 01123718A EP 1300816 A1 EP1300816 A1 EP 1300816A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electro
electromagnetic radiation
optical device
light beam
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01123718A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Cornelius Hecker
Daniel Opitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VIDAIR AG
Original Assignee
VIDAIR AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VIDAIR AG filed Critical VIDAIR AG
Priority to DE20122008U priority Critical patent/DE20122008U1/de
Priority to EP01123718A priority patent/EP1300816A1/fr
Publication of EP1300816A1 publication Critical patent/EP1300816A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for recognition of fires in rooms, in particular freight spaces, sales rooms and the like, wherein electromagnetic radiation over a predetermined Route passed through a room to be monitored and at least in the process an electro-optical device for detecting optical signals becomes.
  • Such methods and systems are usually used in alarm reporting systems used to detect and display fires in rooms in order to target Initiate protective and / or auxiliary measures.
  • protection and / or Aid measures are extremely costly to the detection of smoke increased reliability requirements as part of fire detection, especially in the area of cargo transportation by aircraft, where at False alarm messages due to protective and / or countermeasures in the cargo hold existing goods damaged or destroyed by fire fighting measures can become and sometimes unnecessary landing maneuvers. About that it is also necessary to detect smoke in rooms as quickly as possible.
  • Fire sensors conventionally used in the prior art are based on their Functionality primarily on the detection of smoke. This is about a usually short distance the occurrence of through the presence of Scattered light caused by smoke particles detected. Requirement for a detection is a sufficiently high concentration of smoke particles at the location of the Scattered light detection fire sensor to trigger a threshold to exceed a fire report, especially since the so far in Fire detection systems used sensors essentially only one enable punctiform acquisition. Due to the generally short On the one hand, the fire detection sensitivity must be high, on the other hand there must be a sufficient level difference to the resting behavior, i.e. to those of that Fire sensor in the smoke and / or fire-free state, signals are present, to avoid false alarms. In practice, false alarms often occur, and that Response speed to smoke due to fire is very fluctuating and does not meet the increased reliability requirements.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a system of the type mentioned at the outset which enable fire detection in rooms, in particular cargo holds, sales rooms and the like, to be carried out extremely reliably and quickly and are less susceptible to faults.
  • the object is achieved in that the part of a communicatively connected to the electro-optical device computing device based at least on a comparison of the electro-optical device detected signals of the electromagnetic radiation with stored signals of the electromagnetic radiation deviations of form and / or type and / or intensity and / or the position of the electromagnetic radiation is determined and an alarm signal is generated when it reaches, falls below or exceeds at least one predeterminable threshold value.
  • the electro-optical device detected signals of electromagnetic radiation, preferably one Light beam with signals stored by the computing device electromagnetic radiation with regard to deviations in shape, type,
  • the intensity and / or location of the electromagnetic radiation is smoke in the too monitoring room can be quickly detected with high reliability.
  • the invention is based on the finding that smoke is characteristic optical Features that can be used to detect smoke. This is how light becomes scattered diffusely on smoke particles, absorbed by smoke particles and by Multiple reflections on smoke particles depolarized. Smoke allows next to the Detection of direct radiation from the source of the fire, in addition to detection ascending heat streaks. The effects of a source of fire in The form of smoke thus enables extensive fire detection options.
  • the light beam On aerosols caused by combustion processes, smoke particles in the Ambient air, the light beam is scattered and reflected several times. Thereby the cross section of the light beam is enlarged.
  • the cross-sectional enlargement the light beam is advantageously based on the comparison by the Computing device detected and when a certain one is exceeded Threshold value generates an alarm signal.
  • This weakening is advantageously detected and if it is undershot a certain threshold value on the part of the computing device generates an alarm signal.
  • a band absorption given by gaseous combustion products in the form of particles in the air for example carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), is advantageously detected and an alarm signal is generated when a band absorption is detected.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • band absorption individual wavelengths of the light beam that are characteristic of the particulate combustion products in the air are absorbed. Electromagnetic radiation of this wavelength is then missing in the detection by means of the electro-optical device. This lack is detected on the basis of the comparison.
  • the missing wavelength provides information about the specific material properties of the combustion products in the air leading to band absorption and thus information about a possible fire.
  • the burning substance, the cause of the fire or the like can advantageously be determined on the basis of the detected band absorption.
  • combustion processes Smoke particles in the air cause depolarization of the light beam is detected and if a threshold value is exceeded on the part the computing device generates an alarm signal.
  • the of light beam generated by a light source has a defined polarization direction, which is preferably generated with a polarization filter.
  • an analyzer with a Polarization direction of the light beam crossed polarization direction arranged. In the absence of smoke particles depolarizing in the air is crossed by the electro-optical device due to the Polarization direction of analyzer and light beam or polarization filter none Signal detected because the polarized light beam is blocked by the analyzer.
  • an open fire due to the presence of electromagnetic radiation of certain wavelengths, preferably recognized in the infrared (IR) and / or ultraviolet (UV) range.
  • the electro-optical device is advantageously in the region of the respective device Wavelength sensitive.
  • a fire is advantageously detected by detection of z.
  • B. one Fire streaks caused by heat development are detected.
  • the beam of light is distracted from the route by streaks. This distraction is based on the comparison is detected by the computing device and an alarm signal generated when a certain threshold is reached, fallen below or is exceeded.
  • the deflection is advantageously a change in the Intensity of the light beam can be detected, which when reaching, falling below or Exceeding a certain threshold for alarm signal generation on the part leads the computing device.
  • the streak detection is advantageously carried out in a brightfield or darkfield arrangement.
  • the light beam is advantageously a beam of collimated electromagnetic Radiation, the beam being collimated such that the light is parallel.
  • the light beam advantageously has a defined polarization direction. The direction of vibration of the individual light wave packets of the light beam is thereby firmly defined.
  • the Light beam coherent i.e. Light of a uniform wavelength or one certain wavelength range.
  • the light beam is generated by a laser, a light source with high coherence the collimated light beams with defined polarization direction provides.
  • the light beam pulsed. So when synchronizing the pulsed light beam with the electro-optical device and the computing device interference and / or Switch off the effects of extraneous light.
  • the invention as an electro-optical device in addition to video cameras, which signals the Capture light beam in the form of images by the computing device stored, also radiation sensors for defined wavelengths or defined wavelength ranges, preferably radiation sensors for electromagnetic Radiation used in the IR and / or UV range.
  • the invention are several electro-optical devices on the part of the computing device Acquisition of signals of the light beam combined in terms of data technology, preferably such that those detected by the electro-optical devices Signals combined with each other and on the part of the computing device stored empirical records about smoke upon reaching, exceeding or falling below a certain threshold value generates an alarm signal becomes.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a top view of one monitoring cargo hold 1.
  • the light source 2 generates a collimated light beam 3, 3 'with a fixed direction of polarization, which according to deflection mirror 4 Requirement is passed through the cargo hold 3 over a predetermined distance.
  • the path of the light beam 3, 3 ' is individual via the deflecting mirror 4 the needs of the cargo hold 1 to be monitored with regard to spatial Customizable conditions and type and position of the cargo in the cargo hold 1.
  • Usually rising in the event of fire and thus smoke reaching into the path of the light beam is so easy to detect. It also ensures that in the cargo hold stored cargo does not hinder the path of the light beam 3, 3 '.
  • the Path of the light beam 3, 3 ' is, however, also with the deflection mirror 4 Predeterminable that this runs across the cargo hold 1.
  • an electro-optical device 5 for detecting signals of the light beam 3, 3 ' in the present case a video camera.
  • a semi-transparent mirror 8 In front of the camera 5 is a semi-transparent mirror 8 is arranged, over which the light beam 3, 3 ' is partially deflected into the light beam 11 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1
  • Light beam 11 is transmitted through an analyzer 9 to another electro-optical one Device 10, in the present case a radiation sensor.
  • Another electro-optical device 6, in the present case a video camera is such in the Cargo compartment 1 arranged that the path of the light beam 3, 3 'at least partly in their field of vision, which is indicated by the reference number 7 marked lines is limited.
  • the detection system also points in accordance with the present invention, another electro-optical device 12, present a radiation sensor, which in its field of vision is 7 ' marked lines is limited and for capturing serves electromagnetic radiation in the IR and UV range.
  • the boundary lines 7 'of the electro-optical device 12 describe the same as that Field of vision of the electro-optical device 6 delimiting lines 7 the edges a rotating body protruding into the cargo hold 1 if necessary.
  • Changes in the optical properties of the light beam 3, 3 'caused due to aerosol or smoke particles or streaks caused by heat caused by A possible fire in the cargo hold 1 will be caused by the electro-optical devices 5, 6, 10 and 12 as follows and from that not shown in FIG. 1, communicatively connected to the electro-optical devices 5, 6, 10 and 12 Computing device evaluated.
  • the electro-optical devices 5, 6, 10 and 12 detected signals or images are on the part of the computing device in stored in a database.
  • the currently recorded signals are thereby on the part of the computing device with the stored signals previously recorded compared.
  • the deviations found in the comparison also on the part of stored in the computing device and based on the time profile of the Stored deviations Information about smoke and / or fire in the Cargo hold 1 generated.
  • Aerosol or smoke particles caused by a fire get into the way of the light beam 3, 3 'and cause diffuse scattering of light to the Aersol or smoke particles, absorption of light by the smoke or aerosol particles and a depolarization of the light beam 3, 3 'by multiple reflections of smoke or aerosol particles.
  • the cross section of the light beam becomes the light beam on the aerosol or smoke particles 3, 3 'enlarged. This cross-sectional enlargement is based on the comparison the image signals currently detected by the electro-optical device 5 that of the electro-optical device 5 at a previous time detected signals and recorded by the computing device.
  • a temporal change is advantageous with the threshold value the cross-sectional enlargement is taken into account, which advantageously in the frame a second threshold value is used for alarm signal generation and further increases the reliability of smoke and / or fire detection.
  • the computing device also advantageously the weakening of the luminance by absorption with another time-dependent Threshold combined to increase the reliability of the detection.
  • the signals detected by the electro-optical device 10 from the light beam 3, 3 'decoupled light beam 11 provide information about one by multiple reflections depolarization of the polarized took place on aerosol or smoke particles Light beam 3, 3 'and 11.
  • the analyzer 9 in front of the electro-optical device 10 is set such that without depolarization by aerosol or smoke particles behind the analyzer 9 no signal of the light beam 3, 3 'or 11 is detectable.
  • the direction of polarization of the analyzer 9 is perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the light beam 3, 3 'supplied by the light source 2 or 11. Due to aerosol or smoke particles due to multiple reflections given depolarization effects of the light beam 3, 3 'have a polarization direction which can cross or pass through the analyzer.
  • the electro-optical device 6 is detected along by aerosol or smoke particles the path of the light beam 3, 3 'scattered electromagnetic radiation.
  • the Signals detected by the electro-optical device 6 are correspondingly the electro-optical device 5 with regard to the deviation in shape, type, Intensity and / or location evaluated and when a threshold value is reached the deviation on the part of the computing device generates an alarm signal.
  • the of the electro-optical device 6 signals are detected by the Computing device stored and advantageously for a time-dependent Threshold used to generate an alarm signal.
  • the electro-optical device 12 in the present case a radiation sensor for detection Electromagnetic radiation in the IR and UV range in cargo hold 1 is used for direct detection of fire in the cargo hold 1.
  • the signals detected by the electro-optical device 12 are also thereby evaluated by shape, type, intensity and / or location, advantageously in Dependence on time and size of the deviations using a time-dependent Threshold.
  • Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for expanding the beam 3 of the light source 2.
  • Der collimated light beam 3 with a fixed polarization direction supplied by the light source 2 is made up of one of two collecting optical systems Expansion optics 13 expanded to the light beam 3 '. This enables more accurate Detection of changes in the collimated light beam 3 'as changes the optical properties caused by smoke and / or fire in the cargo hold are recorded over a larger cross-section and are easier to quantify.
  • a notch filter 14 with high selective transmission of the wavelength of Light beam 3 ', ie the wavelength of the light or radiation source 2, upstream.
  • Fig. 3 shows the basic structure of an arrangement for detecting streaks through heat development.
  • the collimated light beam 3 ' is through the Schlieren optics 15 depicted in an intermediate image plane in which the streak diaphragms 16 are located.
  • the lens 17 is re-imaged electro-optical device 5, in the present case a camera.
  • the part of the Light beam can no longer be imaged by the camera optics 17. thereby occurs a darkening of the image recorded by the camera 5 and a Illustration of the streaks on. If the darkening falls below this Loss of light a certain brightness threshold value, on the part of the Computing device generates an alarm signal corresponding to the darkening or Darkening by scattering the light beam on aerosol or smoke particles.
  • Fig. 4 shows in a block diagram the basic flow of inventive method.
  • Method step are by means of the electro-optical devices 5, 6, 10 and 12 images or signals captured and stored by the computing device, such as shown in Fig. 4 with the arrow marked 19.
  • the captured images and signals according to brightness, Polarization, beam expansion, specific radiation and streaks evaluated, as shown in Fig. 4 with the process step labeled 20.
  • the result of the evaluation is used to determine deviations from the Normal state in a comparison 22 by one of the computing device performed comparison algorithm, as shown in FIG. 4 with 21 marked arrow shown. Unless there is a deviation from Normal condition, i.e.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP01123718A 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Procédé et dispositif de détection des incendies dans les enceintes fermées Withdrawn EP1300816A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20122008U DE20122008U1 (de) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 System zur Erkennung von Bränden in Räumen
EP01123718A EP1300816A1 (fr) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Procédé et dispositif de détection des incendies dans les enceintes fermées

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01123718A EP1300816A1 (fr) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Procédé et dispositif de détection des incendies dans les enceintes fermées

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EP1300816A1 true EP1300816A1 (fr) 2003-04-09

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EP01123718A Withdrawn EP1300816A1 (fr) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Procédé et dispositif de détection des incendies dans les enceintes fermées

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015117744A1 (fr) * 2014-02-08 2015-08-13 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Dispositif détecteur de gaz
US9267884B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2016-02-23 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Particle detection
US9291555B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2016-03-22 Xtralis Technologies Ltd. Method of detecting particles by detecting a variation in scattered radiation
EP2217911B1 (fr) * 2007-11-15 2016-04-13 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Détection de particules
US9448168B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2016-09-20 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Particle detectors
US9594066B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2017-03-14 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Particle detector, system and method
CN107256615A (zh) * 2017-08-08 2017-10-17 成都华蓉领创科技有限公司 一种智能化能源储运消防监控系统
EP3259744A4 (fr) * 2015-02-19 2019-05-22 Smoke Detective, LLC Appareil de détection d'incendie utilisant une caméra

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4614968A (en) * 1982-02-16 1986-09-30 American District Telegraph Company Contrast smoke detector
US5049756A (en) * 1988-10-13 1991-09-17 Brown De Colstoun Francois Method and system for detecting forest fires
EP0472039A2 (fr) * 1990-08-23 1992-02-26 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour la détection d'incendie
EP0978718A1 (fr) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Procédé de détection de fumée au moyen d'un système à Lidar

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4614968A (en) * 1982-02-16 1986-09-30 American District Telegraph Company Contrast smoke detector
US5049756A (en) * 1988-10-13 1991-09-17 Brown De Colstoun Francois Method and system for detecting forest fires
EP0472039A2 (fr) * 1990-08-23 1992-02-26 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour la détection d'incendie
EP0978718A1 (fr) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Procédé de détection de fumée au moyen d'un système à Lidar

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9291555B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2016-03-22 Xtralis Technologies Ltd. Method of detecting particles by detecting a variation in scattered radiation
US9423344B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2016-08-23 Xtralis Technologies Ltd. Method of detecting particles by detecting a variation in scattered radiation
US10161866B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2018-12-25 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Particle detector, system and method
US9594066B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2017-03-14 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Particle detector, system and method
EP2217911B1 (fr) * 2007-11-15 2016-04-13 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Détection de particules
US10429289B2 (en) 2007-11-15 2019-10-01 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Particle detection
EP3082117A1 (fr) * 2007-11-15 2016-10-19 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Détection de particules
US9702803B2 (en) 2007-11-15 2017-07-11 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Particle detection
US9267884B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2016-02-23 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Particle detection
US9645081B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2017-05-09 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Particle detection
US10309898B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2019-06-04 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Particle detection
US10094777B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2018-10-09 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Particle detectors
US10971611B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2021-04-06 Honeywell International Inc. Particle detectors
US9448168B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2016-09-20 Xtralis Technologies Ltd Particle detectors
US20190114893A1 (en) * 2014-02-08 2019-04-18 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Gas detection device
DE102014001704B4 (de) 2014-02-08 2023-08-10 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Gasdetektionsvorrichtung
WO2015117744A1 (fr) * 2014-02-08 2015-08-13 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Dispositif détecteur de gaz
US10748401B2 (en) * 2014-02-08 2020-08-18 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Gas detection device
EP3259744A4 (fr) * 2015-02-19 2019-05-22 Smoke Detective, LLC Appareil de détection d'incendie utilisant une caméra
CN107256615A (zh) * 2017-08-08 2017-10-17 成都华蓉领创科技有限公司 一种智能化能源储运消防监控系统
CN107256615B (zh) * 2017-08-08 2019-05-31 成都华蓉领创科技有限公司 一种智能化能源储运消防监控系统

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