EP1546288A1 - Diesel fuel composition, comprising components based on biological raw material, obtained by hydrogenating and decomposition fatty acids - Google Patents

Diesel fuel composition, comprising components based on biological raw material, obtained by hydrogenating and decomposition fatty acids

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Publication number
EP1546288A1
EP1546288A1 EP03793834A EP03793834A EP1546288A1 EP 1546288 A1 EP1546288 A1 EP 1546288A1 EP 03793834 A EP03793834 A EP 03793834A EP 03793834 A EP03793834 A EP 03793834A EP 1546288 A1 EP1546288 A1 EP 1546288A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
fuel composition
raw material
components
biological raw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP03793834A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juha Jakkula
Pekka Aalto
Vesa Niemi
Ulla Kiiski
Jouko Nikkonen
Seppo Mikkonen
Outi Piirainen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neste Oyj
Original Assignee
Fortum Oil Oy
Neste Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Fortum Oil Oy, Neste Oyj filed Critical Fortum Oil Oy
Publication of EP1546288A1 publication Critical patent/EP1546288A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
    • C10G2300/1048—Middle distillates
    • C10G2300/1055—Diesel having a boiling range of about 230 - 330 °C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

  • Diesel fuel composition comprising components based on biological raw material, obtained by ydrogenating and decomposing fatty acids.
  • the present invention relates to a fuel composition for diesel engines, comprising components based on vegetable oil and/or animal fat and/or fish oil, diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process, and optionally components containing oxygen.
  • RME rape- seed oil methyl ester
  • DME rape- seed oil methyl ester
  • Drawbacks of RME are its poor miscibility with diesel fuels, and, in comparison to a conventional diesel fuel (EN 590), particularly under low tem- perature conditions, its poor storage stability and poor performance at low tern- peratures. Moreover, it causes engine fouling and increases emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO ⁇ ).
  • NO ⁇ nitrogen oxides
  • a by-product of the production process of RME is glycerol, which may become a problem when high amounts of the product are produced.
  • Esters of other vegetable oils may be produced in similar manner, and methyl esters of fatty acids are generally known as FAMEs (fatty acid methyl ester). These FAMEs may be used in similar applications as the rapeseed oil methyl ester, but they also have a negative effect on the quality of the diesel fuel, particularly with respect to the performance thereof at low temperatures, and in addition, the use thereof in fuels increases the emissions of nitrogen oxides. In some cases FAME and RME cause higher particle emissions and smoke development of the cold driven engine.
  • FAMEs fatty acid methyl ester
  • Negetable oils and animal fats may be processed to decompose the ester and or fatty acid structure and to saturate the double bonds of the hydrocarbon chains, thus obtaining about 80 to 85 % of n-paraffm product relative to the mass of the starting material.
  • This product may be directly mixed with a diesel fuel, but a problem with the fuel so produced is its poor performance at low temperatures.
  • n-paraffins having a carbon number of fatty acids are waxy with a high solidification point, typically above +10 °C, thus limiting the use of these compounds in diesel fuels at least at low temperatures.
  • WO 2001049812 discloses a method for producing a diesel fuel with a molar ratio of iso-paraffins to n-paraffins of at least 21:1. h the method, a feed stock containing at least 50 % of do-paraffins is contacted with a catalyst in the isomerization reaction zone.
  • WO 2001012581 discloses a method for producing methyl esters useful as biological diesel fuel, wherein mixtures of fatty acids and triglycerides are esterified in one phase.
  • a solution is formed from fatty acids, triglycerides, alcohol, acid catalyst and co-solvents at a temperature below the boiling point of the solution.
  • a co-solvent is used in amounts to provide a single phase, then the solution is maintained for a period of time sufficient for the acid catalyzed esteri- fication of the fatty acids to take place. Thereafter, the acid catalyst is neutralized, a base catalyst is added to transesterify the triglycerides, and finally, the esters are separated from the solution.
  • a biofuel containing esters is obtained, having a glycerol content of less than 0,4 % by weight.
  • US 6,174,501 presents a method for producing oxidized diesel fuel of biological origin.
  • This oxidized biological diesel fuel comprises a mixture of transesterified triglycerides.
  • FI 100248 describes a two-step process for producing middle distillate from vegetable oil by hydrogenating fatty acids of the vegetable oil, or triglycerides, to give n-paraffins, and then by isomerizing the n-paraffins to give branched-chain paraffins.
  • Air pollution mainly originates from three main emission sources, i.e. the industry, energy production, and traffic.
  • the harmfulness of particle emissions is caused by the substances and compounds they carry, such as heavy metals and other carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds. Particles present in exhaust gases are small and thus hazardous to health.
  • Greenhouse gases allow for the penetration of the radiation from the sun to reach the earth, preventing, however, the thermal radiation from escaping from the earth back to space. They thus contribute to the warming of the earth.
  • One of the most significant greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide released, for instance, during the combustion of fossil fuels.
  • Nitrogen oxides are acidifying compounds. This acidification may, for instance, lead to plant damages and species changes in surface waters. Nitrogen oxides may also react with oxygen to give ozone. This phenomenon contributes particularly to air quality in cities.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a more environmentally friendly fuel composition for diesel engines containing components of biological origin, and also meeting the quality requirements for diesel fuels under low temperature conditions.
  • the fuel composition for diesel engines of the invention containing components of biological origin, comprises at least one component produced from a biological starting material obtained from plants, animals or fish, diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process, and optionally components containing oxygen.
  • the composition of the diesel fuel of the invention comprises the following:
  • both components a) and b) being mixed as an emulsion or dissolved in diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • Component a) produced from biological raw material originating from plants and/or animals and/or fish is obtained by hydrogenating and decomposing fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters to give a hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 6-24, typically n-paraffin as the product having a carbon number of 12-24, and optionally by isomerizing the hydrocarbon, typically n-paraffin, thus obtained to give iso-
  • the hydrocarbon is preferably isomerized.
  • the biological raw material originating from plants and/or animals and/or fish is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and mixtures thereof containing fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters.
  • suit- able materials are wood-based and other plant-based fats and oils such as rapeseed oil, colza oil, canola oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, as well as fats contained in plants bred by means of gene manipulation, animal-based fats such as lard, tallow, train oil, and fats contained in milk, as well as recycled fats of the food industry and mixtures of the above.
  • triglyceride i.e. a tri- ester of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules having the structure presented in the following formula I:
  • R ⁇ , R 2 , and R 3 are hydrocarbon chains, and R ls R 2 , and R 3 may be saturated or unsaturated C 6 - C 24 alkyl groups.
  • the fatty acid composition may vary considerably in biological raw materials of different origin.
  • n-paraffin, iso-paraffin or mixtures thereof produced from the biological raw material may be used as a diesel fuel component in accordance with the properties desired for the diesel fuel.
  • Fractions from Fischer-Tropsch-process typically contain high levels of n-paraffin and, optionally, they may be isomerized either simul- taneously during the processing of the component of biological origin or separately therefrom, or they may be used as such.
  • the biological component may be produced, for instance, with a process comprising at least two steps and optionally utilizing the counter-current operation princi- pie.
  • first hydrodeoxygenation step of the process optionally running counter-current, the structure of the biological raw material is broken, compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, phosphor and sulphur as well as light hydrocarbons as gas are removed, and thereafter, olefinic bonds are hydrogenated.
  • second isomerization step of the process optionally running counter-current, isomeriza- tion is carried out to give branched hydrocarbon chains, thus improving the low temperature properties of the paraffin.
  • Biological raw material originating from plants, animals or fish and containing fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters, selected from vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and mixtures thereof, is used as the feed stock.
  • High quality hydrocarbon component of biological origin is obtained as the product having a high cetane number that may even be higher than 70. Also, with a turbidity point lower than -30 °C a cetane number higher than 60 can still be achieved. The process can be adjusted according to the desired cetane number and turbidity point.
  • Advantages of the diesel fuel composition of the present invention include superior performance at low temperatures and an excellent cetane number compared to solutions of prior art using FAME-based components like RME. Problems associated with the performance at low temperatures may be avoided by isomerizing waxy n-paraffins having a carbon number comparable with that of fatty acids to give isoparaffins.
  • the properties of the products thus obtained are excellent, especially with respect to diesel applications, the n-paraffins typically have cetane numbers higher than 70, and isoparaffins higher than 60, and thus they have an improving effect on the cetane number of the diesel pool, which clearly makes them more valuable as diesel components.
  • the turbidity point of the isomerized product may be adjusted to the desired level, for example below -30 °C, whereas the corresponding value is about 0 °C for RME and more than +15 °C for n-paraffins.
  • Table 1 below compares the properties of an isomerized biological component, RME, and a commercial diesel fuel. Table 1
  • Fouling of engines is considerably diminished and the noise level is clearly lower when using the diesel fuel composition of the invention in comparison with similar prior art fuels of biological origin containing FAME components, and further, the density of the composition is lower.
  • the composition does not require any modifications of the automobile technology or logistics. Higher energy content per unit volume may be mentioned as a further advantage compared to RME.
  • the properties of the diesel fuel composition of biological origin according to the invention correspond to those of a high quality diesel fuel based on crude oil, it is free of aromates and, in contrast to FAME, it leaves no impurity residues.
  • Nitrogen oxide emissions due to the fuel composition of the invention are lower that those from a similar FAME-based product, and further, the particle emissions are clearly lower, and the carbon portion of the particles is smaller. These significant improvements in the emissions of the fuel composition of biological origin are environmentally very important.
  • Table 2 compares the emission characteristics of a conventional diesel fuel used in Europe in summer, EN 590 (DI), to those of a composition containing 60 % by volume of hydrogenated and isomerized tall oil (TOFA), and 40 % by volume of the European summer diesel fuel EN 590.
  • Table 3 compares the emission characteristics of a high quality reformed crude oil based diesel fuel available on the Finnish market (DITC, produced by Fortum Oyj), to those of compositions containing 30 % by volume of hydrogenated and isomerized tall oil (TOFA), and 70 % by volume of DITC, or containing 30 % by volume of tall oil methyl ester (MME), and 70 % by volume of DITC.
  • DITC hydrogenated and isomerized tall oil
  • MME tall oil methyl ester

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
EP03793834A 2002-09-06 2003-09-04 Diesel fuel composition, comprising components based on biological raw material, obtained by hydrogenating and decomposition fatty acids Ceased EP1546288A1 (en)

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FI20021596 2002-09-06
FI20021596A FI20021596L (fi) 2002-09-06 2002-09-06 Dieselmoottorin polttoainekoostumus
PCT/FI2003/000648 WO2004022674A1 (en) 2002-09-06 2003-09-04 Diesel fuel composition, comprising components based on biological raw material, obtained by hydrogenating and decomposition fatty acids

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EP1546288A1 true EP1546288A1 (en) 2005-06-29

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JP (1) JP2005538204A (enExample)
CN (1) CN1688673A (enExample)
AU (3) AU2003258753C1 (enExample)
BR (1) BR0314100A (enExample)
CA (1) CA2499489C (enExample)
FI (1) FI20021596L (enExample)
MY (1) MY139714A (enExample)
RU (1) RU2348677C2 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2004022674A1 (enExample)

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US9492818B2 (en) 2009-06-12 2016-11-15 Albemarle Europe Sprl SAPO molecular sieve catalysts and their preparation and uses

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AU2003258753B2 (en) 2008-12-04
AU2020203806B2 (en) 2022-05-26
FI20021596A0 (fi) 2002-09-06
AU2010200726A1 (en) 2010-03-18
CN1688673A (zh) 2005-10-26
WO2004022674A1 (en) 2004-03-18
RU2348677C2 (ru) 2009-03-10
RU2005109935A (ru) 2005-08-27
FI20021596A7 (fi) 2004-03-07
FI20021596L (fi) 2004-03-07
JP2005538204A (ja) 2005-12-15
AU2003258753C1 (en) 2012-06-14
AU2003258753A1 (en) 2004-03-29
MY139714A (en) 2009-10-30
AU2020203806A1 (en) 2020-07-02
CA2499489A1 (en) 2004-03-18
CA2499489C (en) 2013-04-30
BR0314100A (pt) 2005-07-19
PL375038A1 (en) 2005-11-14

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