CN1688673A - 通过脂肪酸加氢和分解制得的含有基于生物原料的组分的柴油组合物 - Google Patents

通过脂肪酸加氢和分解制得的含有基于生物原料的组分的柴油组合物 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1688673A
CN1688673A CNA038238381A CN03823838A CN1688673A CN 1688673 A CN1688673 A CN 1688673A CN A038238381 A CNA038238381 A CN A038238381A CN 03823838 A CN03823838 A CN 03823838A CN 1688673 A CN1688673 A CN 1688673A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
oil
fuel composition
raw material
component
biological raw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA038238381A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
J·加库拉
P·阿尔托
V·尼米
U·奇斯基
J·尼科南
S·米科南
O·皮莱南
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fortum Oyj
Neste Oyj
Original Assignee
Neste Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8564542&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CN1688673(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Neste Oyj filed Critical Neste Oyj
Publication of CN1688673A publication Critical patent/CN1688673A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
    • C10G2300/1048—Middle distillates
    • C10G2300/1055—Diesel having a boiling range of about 230 - 330 °C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种柴油发动机的燃料组合物。所述的燃料组合物含有0.1－99％(体积)由植物和/或动物和/或鱼出发得到的生物原料生产的组分或组分混合物。所述的燃料组合物含有0－20％(体积)的含氧组分。将两个组分与基于原油的柴油组分和/或费－托合成法得到的各种馏分混合。

Description

通过脂肪酸加氢和分解制得 的含有基于生物原料的组分的柴油组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柴油发动机的燃料组合物，所述的燃料组合物含有基于植物油和/或动物脂肪和/或鱼油的组分、基于原油和/或费-托合成法制得馏分的柴油组分以及任选的含氧的组分。
现有技术
目前，柴油发动机使用的燃料主要含有原油制得的各种组分。京都气候协定的目标是要减少由于人类活动对大气因此对气候的有害影响。欧盟已同意到2010年将二氧化碳、甲烷和其他温室气体的排放量从1990年的水平减少8％。欧盟农业政策的目的之一是要寻找过剩的农业产量的利用，以及提高燃料的自给自足率。因此，正在制定和需要的欧盟方向是，在2005年，所消耗的石油和柴油燃料中至少2％应为生物来源。预计这一方向的一个要求是到2010年将生物组分的比例提高到约6％。在不久的将来，所有欧盟国家将批准这一方向。
此刻，在燃料中最常用的生物来源的组分为菜籽油甲基酯，称为RME。RME既可就这样使用，也可作为与各种燃料的混合物使用。RME的缺点是它与柴油燃料的互溶性差，与传统的柴油燃料(EN 590)相比，特别是在低温条件下，其贮存稳定性差和低温性能差。而且，它使发动机结垢以及使氮氧化物(NOx)的排放量增加。RME生产过程的副产品为甘油，当生产大量产品时，甘油可能变成一个问题。用类似的方法可生产其他植物油的酯，而脂肪酸的甲基酯通常称为FAMEs(脂肪酸甲基酯)。这些FAMEs可象菜籽油甲基酯一样用于类似的应用，但是它们对柴油的质量也有负面影响，特别是就其低温性能来说；此外，它们在燃料中的使用使氮氧化物的排放量增加。在一些情况下，FAME和RME造成更高的颗粒物排放量以及低温驱动发动机的烟雾产生。
可将植物油和动物脂肪加工，使酯和/或脂肪酸结构分解以及使烃链的双键饱和，从而按原料的质量计，得到约80-85％正构烷烃产品。这一产品可直接与柴油燃料混合，但是如此生产的燃料的一个问题是其低温性能差。此外，具有脂肪酸碳数的正构烷烃为蜡状物，通常有+10℃以上的固化温度，从而限制了这些化合物至少在低温下在柴油燃料中的使用。
WO 2001049812公开了一种生产异构烷烃与正构烷烃的摩尔比为至少21∶1的柴油燃料的方法。在所述的方法中，含有至少50％C10-烷烃的原料与催化剂在异构化反应段中接触。
WO 2001012581公开了一种生产适用作生物柴油燃料的甲基酯的方法，其中脂肪酸和甘油三酯的混合物进行一段酯化。在这一方法中，由脂肪酸、甘油三酯、醇、酸催化剂和共溶剂在低于溶液沸点的温度下生成一种溶液。使用这一数量的共溶剂，以便得到单一相，然后将所述的溶液保持一段足够长的时间，以便使脂肪酸的酸催化酯化发生。此后，将酸催化剂中和，加入碱催化剂使甘油三酯酯转移；最后，将酯与溶液分离。因此，得到含酯的生物燃料，其甘油含量小于0.4％(重量)。
US 6174501公开了一种生产生物来源的氧化柴油燃料的方法。这种氧化生物柴油燃料为酯转移的甘油三酯的混合物。
FI 100248公开了一种由植物油通过以下步骤生产中间馏分油的两步方法：通过植物油的脂肪酸或甘油三酯加氢得到正构烷烃，然后通过正构烷烃异构化得到支链烷烃。
在大气中存在的，其数量对人类健康有害和/或对动物、植物和各种材料有害的任何气体、液体滴和固体颗粒都称为空气污染物。空气污染物主要来源于三种主要的排放源，即工业、能源生产和交通运输。
颗粒排放物的危害性是由这样一些物质和化合物引起，它们带有例如重金属和其他致癌和致突变的化合物。在废气中存在的颗粒物是很小的，因此有害于健康。
温室气体为太阳射线透射到地面创造了条件，但是它又阻碍地球释放的热量返回空间。因此，它们使地球变暖。最重要的温室气体之一是二氧化碳，例如在化石燃料燃烧过程中释放的。
氮氧化物为酸化化合物。酸化例如可使植物损坏以及使地表水中的物种改变。氮氧化物还可与氧反应生成臭氧。这一现象特别影响城市中的空气质量。
正如上述，对高质量的柴油发动机燃料组合物存在需求，所述的柴油发动机燃料组合物含有生物来源的组分，还符合低温操作条件下柴油燃料的质量要求。而且，所述的燃料应比现有技术的产品更加环境友好。
发明的一般描述
本发明的目的是要提供一种更加环境友好的柴油发动机燃料组合物，所述的柴油发动机燃料组合物含有生物来源的组分，还符合低温操作条件下柴油燃料的质量要求。
本发明含有生物来源的柴油发动机燃料组合物含有至少一种由植物、动物或鱼得到的生物原料生产的组分、基于原油和/或费-托合成法得到的各种馏分的柴油组分以及任选的含氧的组分。
在附后的权利要求书中给出含有生物来源的组分的柴油发动机燃料组合物的特征。
发明详述
令人吃惊地发现，本发明含有生物来源的组分的柴油燃料组合物也符合在低温条件下对柴油燃料的质量要求。本发明的柴油燃料组合物含有以下组分：
a)0.1-99％(体积)、优选0.1-80％(体积)由植物和/或动物和/或鱼得到的生物原料生产的组分或组分混合物；
b)0-20％(体积)选自脂肪醇类例如甲醇和乙醇、醚类、脂肪酸酯类例如甲基酯和乙基酯、水及其混合物的含氧组分；
将组分a)和b)混合成乳液或溶于基于原油和/或费-托合成法得到的各种馏分的柴油组分中。
由植物、动物或鱼得到的生物原料生产的组分a)在本说明书中称为生物组分，它通过脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯加氢和分解生成碳数为6-24的烃类、通常碳数为12-24的正构烷烃产品，任选将所述的烃类(通常为正构烷烃)异构化，从而制得异构烷烃的方法制得。烃类优选进行异构化。
由植物、动物或鱼得到的生物原料选自植物油、动物脂肪、鱼油及其含有脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯的混合物。适合原料的例子是木材和其他植物的脂肪和油，例如菜籽油、欧洲菜子油、canola oil、妥尔油、葵花子油、大豆油、大麻子油、橄榄油、亚麻子油、芥子油、棕榈油、花生油、蓖麻油、椰子油，以及通过基因处理育种的植物所含的脂肪，动物脂肪例如猪油、牛油、鲸骨脂和奶中所含的脂肪，以及食品工业回收的脂肪及其上述材料的混合物。
典型的植物脂肪或动物脂肪的基本组分为甘油三酯，即具有下列分子式I表示的结构的甘油和三元脂肪酸分子的三酯：
式中R1、R2和R3为烃链，而R1、R2和R3可为饱和的或不饱和的C6-C24烷基。在不同来源的生物原料中，脂肪酸的组成可有相当大的变化。
由生物原料生产的正构烷烃、异构烷烃或其混合物可根据柴油燃料所需要的性质用作柴油燃料组分。费-托合成法生产的馏分通常含有高含量的正构烷烃，以及任选的是，它们可在生物来源的组分加工过程中同时异构化或单独异构化，或者它们可就这样使用。
生物组分例如可用这样一种方法来生产，所述的方法包括至少两步和任选使用逆流操作原理。在所述方法的第一加氢脱氧的步骤中，任选逆流进行，将生物原料的结构破坏，含氧、氮、磷和硫的化合物以及轻质烃类作为气体被除去，此后将烯属键加氢。在所述方法的第二异构化步骤中，任选逆流进行，进行异构化，得到分支烃链，从而提高烷烃的低温性能。
选自植物油、动物油、鱼油及其混合物的、由植物、动物或鱼出发得到的和含有脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯的生物原料用作原料。
特别适用作为柴油燃料的组分、作为异构烷烃溶剂和作为灯油的生物来源的高质量烃类组分作为高十六烷值(甚至可大于70)的产品被制得。此外，由于浊点小于-30℃，仍可达到大于60的十六烷值。本方法可根据所需的十六烷值和浊点进行调节。
与现有技术使用FAME为基础的组分象RME的方案相比，本发明的柴油燃料组合物的优点包括有很好的低温性能和极高的十六烷值。与低温性能有关的问题可通过碳数与脂肪酸相当的蜡质正构烷烃异构化制得异构烷烃来避免。如此制得的产品的性质是优良的，特别是就柴油的各种应用来说，所述正构烷烃的十六烷值通常大于70，而异构烷烃的十六烷值大于60，因此它们对柴油池的十六烷值有提高作用，显然它们更加有价值作为柴油组分。而且，可将异构化产品的浊点调节到所需的水平，例如低于-30℃，而对于RME来说，相应的数值为约0℃，而对于正构烷烃来说，相应的数值大于+15℃。下表1比较了异构化的生物组分、RME和商业柴油燃料的性能。
表1
  产品   密度(公斤/米3)   十六烷值   浊点(℃)
  异构化的生物组分   ＜800   ≥60   ≤-30
  RME   ～880   ～50   ～0
  柴油EN590   820-845   ≥51   0至-15
与类似的现有技术含有FAME组分的生物来源燃料相比，当使用本发明的柴油燃料组合物时，大大减少了发动机的结垢，且噪音水平明显下降，此外组合物的密度也较低。所述的组合物不需要汽车工艺或逻辑作任何改变。作为与RME相比的另一优点，可提到的是每单位体积有更高的能含。
本发明生物来源的柴油燃料组合物的性质与基于原油的高质量柴油燃料相对应，与FAME不同，它不含芳烃，它不留下杂质残留物。
本发明的燃料组合物的氮氧化物排放量比类似的FAME为基础的产品低，此外颗粒物排放量也明显要低，而颗粒物的碳含量较小。生物来源的燃料组合物排放的这些重大改进在环境上是很重要的。
现借助以下实施例来说明本发明，但不打算限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1
下表2比较了在欧洲夏季使用的传统柴油燃料EN 590(DI)的排放特性与含有60％(体积)加氢和异构化的妥尔油(TOFA)和40％(体积)欧洲夏季柴油燃料EN 590的组合物的排放特性。
表2
  特性   单位   60％b.v.TOFA+40％b.v.DI   DI
  浊点   ℃   -15   -8
  十六烷值   -   61.2   55.9
  芳烃   ％b.w.   8.7   19.2
  总芳烃(IP391)   ％b.v.   9.1   20.0
  多芳烃(IP391)   ％b.v.   0.8   1.6
  正构烷烃   ％b.w.   14.7   24.5
  异构烷烃   ％b.w.   34.2   26.1
  环烷烃   ％b.w.   42.4   30.2
b.w.＝重量
b.v.＝体积
实施例2
下表3比较了芬兰市场提供的高质量转化原油为基础的柴油燃料(DITC，Fortum Oyj生产的)的排放特性与含有30％(体积)加氢和异构化的妥尔油(TOFA)和70％(体积)DITC或含有30％(体积)妥尔油甲基酯(MME)和70％(体积)DITC的组合物的排放特性。
表3
  特性   单位   DITC   30％b.v.TOFA+70％b.v.DITC   30％b.v.MME+70％b.v.DITC
  十六烷值   -   51   57   48
  NOx排放(与DITC比较)   ％   -1至-4   +3
  颗粒物   ％   -3   +22
  -炭   ％   -10至-30   0至-10
  -PAH   ％   ±0   ±0
  燃烧噪音   -   减小   ±0
b.v.＝体积

Claims (8)

1.柴油发动机的燃料组合物，其特征在于，所述的燃料组合物含有：
a)0.1-99％(体积)通过脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯加氢和分解生成烃类，然后任选将它异构化的方法由植物和/或动物和/或鱼得到的生物原料生产的组分或组分混合物；
b)0-20％(体积)的含氧组分；
将组分a)和b)混合成乳液或溶于基于原油和/或费-托合成法得到的各种馏分的柴油组分中。
2.根据权利要求1的燃料组合物，其特征在于，所述的燃料组合物含有0.1-80％(体积)由植物和/或动物和/或鱼得到的生物原料生产的组分或组分混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的燃料组合物，其特征在于，将生物原料制得的产品异构化。
4.根据上述权利要求1-3中任一项的燃料组合物，其特征在于，生物原料选自植物油、动物脂肪、鱼油及其混合物。
5.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项的燃料组合物，其特征在于，生物原料为木材或其他植物的脂肪或油、通过基因处理育种的植物所含的脂肪、动物脂肪、奶中所含的脂肪，以及食品工业回收的脂肪及其上述材料的混合物。
6.根据上述权利要求5的燃料组合物，其特征在于，生物原料为菜籽油、欧洲菜子油、canola oil、妥尔油、葵花子油、大豆油、大麻子油、橄榄油、亚麻子油、芥子油、棕榈油、花生油、蓖麻油、椰子油、猪油、牛油或鲸骨脂。
7.根据上述权利要求1-6中任一项的燃料组合物，其特征在于，含氧的组分选自脂肪醇类、醚类、脂肪酸酯类、水及其混合物。
8.根据上述权利要求1-7中任一项的燃料组合物，其特征在于，通过脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯加氢和分解生成有碳数为12-24的正构烷烃产品然后将如此制得的正构烷烃异构化生成异构烷烃的方法制得由植物、动物或鱼得到的生物原料生产的组分。
CNA038238381A 2002-09-06 2003-09-04 通过脂肪酸加氢和分解制得的含有基于生物原料的组分的柴油组合物 Pending CN1688673A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20021596A FI20021596A (fi) 2002-09-06 2002-09-06 Dieselmoottorin polttoainekoostumus
FI20021596 2002-09-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1688673A true CN1688673A (zh) 2005-10-26

Family

ID=8564542

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA038238381A Pending CN1688673A (zh) 2002-09-06 2003-09-04 通过脂肪酸加氢和分解制得的含有基于生物原料的组分的柴油组合物

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1546288A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2005538204A (zh)
CN (1) CN1688673A (zh)
AU (3) AU2003258753C1 (zh)
BR (1) BR0314100A (zh)
CA (1) CA2499489C (zh)
FI (1) FI20021596A (zh)
MY (1) MY139714A (zh)
RU (1) RU2348677C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004022674A1 (zh)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101959995A (zh) * 2007-12-27 2011-01-26 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 用于制造柴油范围烃的生物进料的分阶段共加工
CN102264868A (zh) * 2008-12-24 2011-11-30 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 柴油生物进料和煤油范围烃的共加工方法
CN101360809B (zh) * 2005-12-12 2012-07-04 耐思特石油公司 生产支链烃组分的方法
CN101484552B (zh) * 2006-06-14 2012-08-22 耐思特石油公司 制造基础油的方法
CN101360810B (zh) * 2005-12-12 2012-09-05 耐思特石油公司 生产支链烃组分的方法
CN105255525A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2016-01-20 广州畅营环保科技有限公司 一种环保生物调和燃料
CN110088249A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2019-08-02 奈斯特化学公司 多组分柴油组合物
CN110099986A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2019-08-06 奈斯特化学公司 多组分柴油组合物
CN110382669A (zh) * 2017-02-21 2019-10-25 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 柴油沸程燃料掺混物及其制造方法
CN110499178A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-26 易高生物化工科技(张家港)有限公司 一种废弃动植物油脂加氢制备液体石蜡的方法
CN113166664A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2021-07-23 耐思特公司 柴油燃料组合物

Families Citing this family (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1686165A1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-08-02 Gibson Chemical Corporation Method for manufacturing bio-diesel oil containing alkane compounds
US8142527B2 (en) 2005-03-21 2012-03-27 Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority Production of diesel fuel from vegetable and animal oils
US8022258B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2011-09-20 Neste Oil Oyj Process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons
JP4829660B2 (ja) 2006-03-31 2011-12-07 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 燃料組成物
WO2007114026A1 (ja) 2006-03-31 2007-10-11 Nippon Oil Corporation 軽油組成物
JP4916219B2 (ja) * 2006-05-17 2012-04-11 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Ａ重油組成物の製造方法
WO2007132939A1 (ja) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-22 Nippon Oil Corporation 軽油組成物
JP4863772B2 (ja) * 2006-05-31 2012-01-25 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 軽油組成物
US8067653B2 (en) * 2006-07-14 2011-11-29 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Methods for producing fuels and solvents
US7897824B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2011-03-01 Energy & Environmental Research Center Foundation Optimal energy pathway to renewable domestic and other fuels
ITMI20062193A1 (it) * 2006-11-15 2008-05-16 Eni Spa Processo per produrre frazioni idrocarburiche da miscele di origine biologica
WO2008117856A1 (ja) 2007-03-28 2008-10-02 Nippon Oil Corporation 軽油組成物
EP2158306A1 (en) 2007-05-11 2010-03-03 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Fuel composition
US8523959B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2013-09-03 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Paraffinic biologically-derived distillate fuels with bio-oxygenates for improved lubricity and methods of making same
JP5288742B2 (ja) * 2007-08-08 2013-09-11 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 軽油組成物の製造方法
JP5288741B2 (ja) * 2007-08-08 2013-09-11 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 軽油組成物の製造方法
WO2009020056A1 (ja) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Nippon Oil Corporation 軽油組成物
JP2009126935A (ja) * 2007-11-22 2009-06-11 Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk 軽油燃料組成物
US8309783B2 (en) 2008-11-04 2012-11-13 Energy & Environmental Research Center Foundation Process for the conversion of renewable oils to liquid transportation fuels
US8247632B2 (en) 2008-11-04 2012-08-21 Energy & Environmental Research Center Foundation Process for the conversion of renewable oils to liquid transportation fuels
FR2940314B1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2011-11-18 Total Raffinage Marketing Carburant de type gazole pour moteur diesel a fortes teneurs en carbone d'origine renouvelable et en oxygene
US8632675B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2014-01-21 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Co-processing of diesel biofeed and heavy oil
JP5756461B2 (ja) 2009-06-12 2015-07-29 アルベマール・ユーロプ・エスピーアールエル Ｓａｐｏ分子篩触媒と、その調製および使用
HU231091B1 (hu) 2009-09-30 2020-07-28 Mol Magyar Olaj- És Gázipari Nyilvánosan Működő Részvénytársaság Belső égésű motoroknál használható hajtóanyagok és hajtóanyag-adalékok, valamint eljárás ezek előállítására
IT1396939B1 (it) 2009-12-09 2012-12-20 Eni Spa Composizione idrocarburica utile come carburante o combustibile
US8853474B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-10-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Hydroprocessing of biocomponent feedstocks with low purity hydrogen-containing streams
FI125632B (fi) 2010-05-25 2015-12-31 Upm Kymmene Corp Menetelmä ja laite hiilivetyjen tuottamiseksi
EP2514803B1 (en) 2011-04-21 2017-02-01 Infineum International Limited Improvements in fuel oils
RU2466180C1 (ru) * 2011-08-09 2012-11-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт морского флота" Присадка к мазуту
FI20110300A0 (fi) 2011-09-11 2011-09-11 Neste Oil Oyj Bensiinikoostumukset ja menetelmä niiden valmistamiseksi
US8884086B2 (en) 2011-09-14 2014-11-11 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Renewable diesel refinery strategy
RU2544239C2 (ru) * 2012-11-19 2015-03-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "РЕЦИКЛ" Биотопливная композиция
FI127307B (en) * 2017-01-27 2018-03-15 Neste Oyj Fuel compositions with improved boiling properties and processes for their preparation
FR3119625B1 (fr) * 2021-07-02 2023-02-17 Totalenergies Marketing Services Composition de carburant riche en composés aromatiques, en paraffines et en éther, et son utilisation dans des véhicules automobiles
BR102021016123A2 (pt) * 2021-08-16 2023-02-23 Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Processo para produção de biodiesel a partir de cargas ácidas
AU2022368915A1 (en) * 2021-10-20 2024-04-04 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Biofuel blends with improved oxidation stability and lubricity

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4992605A (en) * 1988-02-16 1991-02-12 Craig Wayne K Production of hydrocarbons with a relatively high cetane rating
CA2149685C (en) * 1994-06-30 1999-09-14 Jacques Monnier Conversion of depitched tall oil to diesel fuel additive
FI100248B (fi) * 1996-02-05 1997-10-31 Fortum Oil Oy Keskitisleen valmistus
US5814109A (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-09-29 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Diesel additive for improving cetane, lubricity, and stability
FI102767B1 (fi) * 1997-05-29 1999-02-15 Neste Oy Menetelmä korkealuokkaisen dieselpolttoaineen valmistamiseksi
US6458265B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2002-10-01 Chevrontexaco Corporation Diesel fuel having a very high iso-paraffin to normal paraffin mole ratio
US6787022B1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2004-09-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Winter diesel fuel production from a fischer-tropsch wax
CA2406287C (en) * 2000-05-02 2010-04-06 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Wide cut fischer-tropsch diesel fuels

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101360809B (zh) * 2005-12-12 2012-07-04 耐思特石油公司 生产支链烃组分的方法
CN101360810B (zh) * 2005-12-12 2012-09-05 耐思特石油公司 生产支链烃组分的方法
CN101484552B (zh) * 2006-06-14 2012-08-22 耐思特石油公司 制造基础油的方法
CN101959995A (zh) * 2007-12-27 2011-01-26 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 用于制造柴油范围烃的生物进料的分阶段共加工
CN102264868A (zh) * 2008-12-24 2011-11-30 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 柴油生物进料和煤油范围烃的共加工方法
CN105255525A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2016-01-20 广州畅营环保科技有限公司 一种环保生物调和燃料
US11319500B2 (en) 2016-12-19 2022-05-03 Neste Oyj Multicomponent diesel composition
CN110088249A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2019-08-02 奈斯特化学公司 多组分柴油组合物
CN110099986A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2019-08-06 奈斯特化学公司 多组分柴油组合物
US11370985B2 (en) 2016-12-19 2022-06-28 Neste Oyj Multicomponent diesel composition
CN110088249B (zh) * 2016-12-19 2021-06-25 耐思特公司 多组分柴油组合物
CN110099986B (zh) * 2016-12-19 2021-07-09 耐思特公司 多组分柴油组合物
CN110382669A (zh) * 2017-02-21 2019-10-25 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 柴油沸程燃料掺混物及其制造方法
CN113166664A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2021-07-23 耐思特公司 柴油燃料组合物
US11560525B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2023-01-24 Neste Oyj Diesel fuel composition
CN110499178A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2019-11-26 易高生物化工科技(张家港)有限公司 一种废弃动植物油脂加氢制备液体石蜡的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2005538204A (ja) 2005-12-15
FI20021596A0 (fi) 2002-09-06
EP1546288A1 (en) 2005-06-29
RU2005109935A (ru) 2005-08-27
AU2003258753C1 (en) 2012-06-14
RU2348677C2 (ru) 2009-03-10
AU2020203806A1 (en) 2020-07-02
AU2003258753A1 (en) 2004-03-29
WO2004022674A1 (en) 2004-03-18
PL375038A1 (en) 2005-11-14
CA2499489C (en) 2013-04-30
FI20021596A (fi) 2004-03-07
MY139714A (en) 2009-10-30
AU2020203806B2 (en) 2022-05-26
AU2003258753B2 (en) 2008-12-04
AU2010200726A1 (en) 2010-03-18
CA2499489A1 (en) 2004-03-18
BR0314100A (pt) 2005-07-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1688673A (zh) 通过脂肪酸加氢和分解制得的含有基于生物原料的组分的柴油组合物
US10941349B2 (en) Fuel composition for a diesel engine
EP1398364A1 (en) Fuel composition for a diesel engine
JP4944125B2 (ja) 炭化水素の製造方法
JP5690734B2 (ja) ディーゼルを植物油と共処理して低曇り点ハイブリッドディーゼルバイオ燃料を生み出すこと
US9822321B2 (en) Gasoline compositions and method of producing the same
CN1714138A (zh) 燃料组合物
US8586806B2 (en) Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock
JP2005538204A5 (zh)
AU2017279689B2 (en) Diesel fuel composition, comprising components based on biological raw material, obtained by hydrogenating and decomposing fatty acids
CN113166663B (zh) 柴油燃料组合物
CN116323874A (zh) 柴油燃料组合物的用途
JP2012503040A (ja) ランシマ−ト試験によって測定されるバイオディーゼルの酸化安定性の向上方法
PL203610B1 (pl) Mieszanka paliwowa do silników Diesla zawieraj aca komponenty na bazie surowca biologicznego otrzymywane w procesie uwodorniania i rozk ladu kwasów t luszczowych

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C12 Rejection of a patent application after its publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Open date: 20051026