EP1526121B1 - Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung - Google Patents

Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1526121B1
EP1526121B1 EP04024216.6A EP04024216A EP1526121B1 EP 1526121 B1 EP1526121 B1 EP 1526121B1 EP 04024216 A EP04024216 A EP 04024216A EP 1526121 B1 EP1526121 B1 EP 1526121B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas generating
generating composition
mass
composition
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP04024216.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1526121A1 (de
Inventor
Jianzhou Wu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daicel Corp
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Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1526121A1 publication Critical patent/EP1526121A1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas generating composition to be used for a gas generator for an air bag.
  • a gas generating composition comprises fuel, an oxidizing agent and a variety of additives to be added based on the necessity, and the composition is required to satisfy that the gas generated by combustion is clean, in other words, the gas contains no nitrogen oxide (NOx), CO, or the like.
  • NOx nitrogen oxide
  • BCN basic copper nitrate
  • a chloric acid compound also well-known as an oxidizing agent causes NOx removal reaction and becomes a supply source of oxygen required to decompose NOx into nitrogen and water, and therefore it has been used widely.
  • EP-B No. 1,006,096 and US-A1 No. 2003/0145921 BCN is used as an oxidizing agent to decrease the combustion temperature and accordingly the discharged gas is cleaned and a satisfactory burning rate is obtained.
  • the use ratio of the perchloric acid salt to BCN is high and the supply of oxygen becomes excess, so that, the generation amounts of NOx and mist are unsatisfactorily increased.
  • DE-U-29821541 discloses a gas generating composition, which contains a fuel and an oxidizer. At least 95 wt% of the fuel is a guanidine compound such as guanidine nitrate.
  • the oxidizer may be a transition metal oxide, a metal chlorate or perchlorate, a metal nitrate, or a mixture thereof.
  • DE-U-29806504 relates to a composition which contains guanidine nitrate, copper oxide, a basic copper nitrate, and potassium perchlorate.
  • DE-A-10225660 relates to a gas generating composition
  • a gas generating composition comprising a fuel and an oxidizer, wherein the fuel may be a guanidine compound.
  • the oxidizers include transition metal oxides, alkali metal chlorates or perchlorates, and alkali metal nitrates.
  • US-A-4386979 discloses a gas generating composition, which contains a nitrogen-containing compound as a fuel, an oxidizer, and a coolant.
  • the oxidizer may be an alkali metal chlorate or perchlorate.
  • the coolant may be a metal hydroxide, an oxide or a hydrated oxide.
  • EP-A-509763 discloses a gas generating composition
  • a gas generating composition comprising a tetrazole or a tetrazole salt as a fuel and nitrogen source, an oxidizer and further additives.
  • the oxidizer may be an alkali metal chlorate or perchlorate.
  • EP-A-1241138 discloses a gas generating composition, which comprises a fuel and a basic metal nitrate, optionally in combination with further additives.
  • the fuel may be a guanidine derivative.
  • the additives include binders, slag forming agents, and combustion improving agents.
  • a purpose of the invention is to provide a gas generating composition with a good ignition property and combustibility and generating suppressed amounts of toxic gases such as NOx and ammonia at the time of combustion.
  • the invention provides a gas generating composition
  • a gas generating composition comprising A) 20 to 50% by mass of a nitrogen-containing compound as fuel, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is at least one selected from tetrazole compounds, guanidine compounds, triazine compounds and nitroamine compounds, (B) a basic metal nitrate and (C) a chloric acid compound as oxidizing agents, the chloric acid compound (C) being at least one selected from the group consisting of (C-1) a perchloric acid salt and (C-2) a chloric acid salt, the content of the component (C) being 1 to 5% by mass in the total oxidizing agents, wherein the gas generating composition has an oxygen balance in the range of -0.02 g/g to +0.02 g/g, wherein the total amount of (B) and (C) is 40 to 70% by mass in the gas generating composition.
  • the composition of the invention has a good ignition property and combustibility (a high burning rate) and can decrease the generation amounts of NOx and ammonia gas at the time of combustion, so that the amounts of NOx and ammonia to be contained in the combustion gas can be suppressed.
  • composition of the invention is applied to a gas generator for an air bag, a necessary amount of a gas for expansion can be generated within a time to reliably protect a passenger and at the same time, the toxic gas amount can remarkably be suppressed in the gas for expanding the air bag and thus, the safety can be enhanced.
  • the fuel to be used in the invention contains a nitrogen-containing compound as the component (A), and as the nitrogen-containing compound, at least one selected from tetrazole compounds, guanidine compounds, triazine compounds and nitroamine compounds.
  • a nitrogen-containing compound as the component (A)
  • known fuel may be contained and in such a case, the ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound in the fuel is 20 to 50% by mass.
  • guanidine nitric acid salt nitric acid guanidine
  • aminoguanidine nitric acid salt nitroguanidine
  • triaminoguanidine nitric acid salt are preferable.
  • triazines melamine, cyanuric acid, ammeline, ammelide, and ammeland are preferable.
  • nitroamines cyclo-1,3,5-trimethine-2,4,6-trinitramine is preferable.
  • guanidine nitric acid salt is particularly preferable.
  • the content of the component (A) is 20 to 50% by mass, and preferably 25 to 50% by mass.
  • the oxidizing agent to be used in the invention includes the basic metal nitrate (B), the chloric acid compound (C), and additionally other oxidizing agents to be used based on the necessity.
  • An example of the basic metal nitrate of the component (B) can be at least one of the compounds selected from basic copper nitrate, basic cobalt nitrate, basic zinc nitrate, basic manganese nitrate, basic iron nitrate, basic molybdenum nitrate, basic bismuth nitrate, and basic cerium nitrate.
  • the basic metal nitrate is preferable to have the average particle diameter of 30 ⁇ m or smaller, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or smaller.
  • the average particle diameter is measured according to a particle size distribution method using laser scattered beam.
  • the measurement sample is prepared by dispersing the basic metal nitrate in water and radiating ultrasonic wave for 3 minutes, and 50% cumulative values (D 50 ) of the particles are calculated and the average of the values measured twice is employed as the average particle diameter.
  • the chloric acid compound of the component (C) is a component having an oxidizing function and a combustion promoting function.
  • the oxidizing function means to generate oxygen during the combustion and accordingly to efficiently promote combustion as well as to suppress the production amount of the toxic gases such as NOx, ammonia, carbon monoxide and the like.
  • the combustion promoting function means to improve the ignition property of the gas generating composition or to improve the burning rate (enhancing the combustibility).
  • the chloric acid compound of the component (C) includes the perchloric acid salt (C-1) and/or the chloric acid salt (C-2).
  • the perchloric acid salt of the component (C-1) may include ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, and sodium perchlorate.
  • the chloric acid salt of the component (C-2) may include chloric acid, potassium chlorate, and sodium chlorate, and among them, sodium perchlorate is particularly preferable.
  • the chloric acid compound of the component (C) is preferable to have the average particle diameter of 1 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the measurement method of the average particle diameter is the same as that of the average particle diameter of the component (B).
  • the total content of the oxidizing agents of the component (B) and component (C) is 40 to 70% by mass, more preferably 40 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 55% by mass in the gas generating composition.
  • the content of the component (C) in the total oxidizing agent is 1 to 5% by mass, and preferably 2 to 5% by mass. If the content of the component (C) is less than 5% by mass, the combustion temperature can be lowered.
  • the mass ratio (B)/(C) of the basic copper nitrate (B) and the chloric acid compound (C) in the oxidizing agents is preferably in the range of 3 to 70, more preferably 3 to 25, furthermore preferably 5 to 25, still more preferably 7 to 20, and most preferably 5 to 20.
  • the ignition property of the composition is improved and the combustibility (the burning rate) is also improved and at the same time, the production amounts of NOx and ammonia are suppressed at the time of the combustion and therefore, the combustion gas is clean.
  • the content of the basic copper nitrate (B) in the total oxidizing agents is 50% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, and still preferably 70% by mass or more. If the content of component (B) is in the above range, the ignition property of the composition is improved and the combustibility (the burning rate) is also improved.
  • the composition of the invention may further contain the component (D) of a metal hydroxide, a hydrated metal oxide, or a combination thereof as a coolant.
  • the coolant has a function for lowering the combustion temperature.
  • the component (D) greatly absorbs heat when it is thermally decomposed and produced an oxide and water. Therefore, addition of the component (D) is effective to decrease the combustion temperature of the composition and suppress the production amounts of toxic NOx and carbon monoxide.
  • metal hydroxide of the component (D) can be magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide and copper hydroxide, and an example of the hydrated metal oxide can be hydrated aluminum oxide.
  • the component (D) can improve the entire dispersibility when the components (A) to (C) are mixed, so that the mixing work is made easy and the ignition property of the obtained composition can be improved.
  • the average particle diameter of the component (D) is preferably 0.1 to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 2 to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the measurement method of the average particle diameter is the same measurement method of the average particle diameter of the component (B).
  • the content of the component (D) in the gas generating composition is preferably 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 3 to 12% by mass, and even more preferably 5 to 10% by mass.
  • the composition of the invention may contain a binder.
  • the binder is a component to be used together with the components (A) to (C) based on the necessity and is a component to improve the formability of the composition and increase the strength of a molded article of the gas generating agent. If the strength of a molded article of the gas generating agent is insufficient, it may occur that the molded article breaks at the time of actual combustion and is burned too intensely to control the combustion.
  • the binder may be at least one compound selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose potassium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium salt, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyacrylamide, amino compounds of polyacrylamide, polyacrylhydrazine, acrylamide-metal acrylate copolymer, polyacrylamidepoly(acrylic acid ester) copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic rubber, guar gum, starch, and silicone.
  • the content of the binder is preferably not more than 10 part by mass to 100 part by mass of the total of the components (A) to (C).
  • the composition of the invention may further contain an additive selected from metal oxides and metal carbonates, based on the necessity.
  • the additive may be added for the purpose to assist the function of the component (D), that is, to decrease the combustion temperature of the composition, adjust the burning rate and suppress the production amounts of the toxic nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide after combustion.
  • the additive may be at least one selected from metal oxides such as copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, bismuth oxide, silica or alumina; metal carbonates or basic metal carbonates such as cobalt carbonate, calcium carbonate, basic zinc carbonate or basic copper carbonate; complex compounds of metal oxides or hydroxides such as Japanese acid clay, kaolin, talc, bentonite, diatomaceous earth or hydrotalcite; metal acid salts such as sodium silicate, mica molybdenic acid salt, cobalt molybdate or ammonium molybdate; molybdenum disulfide, calcium stearate, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
  • metal oxides such as copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, bismuth oxide, silica or alumina
  • metal carbonates or basic metal carbonates such as cobalt carbonate,
  • the content of the additives is preferably not more than 10 part by mass to 100 part by mass of the total of the components (A) to (C).
  • the composition of the invention has an oxygen balance in the range of -0.02 g/g to +0.02 g/g, preferably -0.01 g/g to +0.01 g/g, and more preferably -0.006 g/g to +0.006 g/g.
  • the oxygen balance is the mass (expressed as +) of oxygen produced in the case of complete combustion of 1 gram of the gas generating composition or the mass (expressed as -) of oxygen needed in the case of complete combustion and can be calculated by adding up products of the oxygen balances and the contents (% by mass) of the respective components of the gas generating composition.
  • composition of the invention can be molded into a desired shape, and it may be molded into a single-perforated cylinder, a perforated (porous) cylinder or a pellet.
  • molded articles can be produced by an extrusion-molding method (for a single-perforated cylinder and a perforated (porous) cylinder) comprising the steps of adding water or an organic solvent to the composition and extruding the mixture, or by a compression-molding method (for a pellet) comprising the steps of compressing the above mixture using a pelletizer.
  • the single-perforated cylinder and the perforated (porous) cylinder may have either of a longitudinal through-hole or a hollow without penetrating.
  • composition of the invention and molded articles obtained therefrom may be used for an inflator for a driver side, an inflator for a passenger side next to a driver seat, an inflator for a side air bag, an inflator for an inflatable curtain, an inflator for a knee bolster, an inflator for an inflatable seat belt, an inflator for a tubular system and an inflator for a pretensioner of a variety of vehicles.
  • the inflators using the composition of the invention and the molded article obtained from the composition may be a pyrotechnic type in which the gas is supplied only from gas generating agent or a hybrid type in which both of compressed gas such as argon and gas from the gas generating agent are supplied.
  • composition of the invention and the molded article obtained from the composition may be used as an igniting agent, so-called an enhancer (or a booster), for transmitting the energy of a detonator or a squib to the gas generating agent.
  • an enhancer or a booster
  • the gas generating compositions shown in Table 1 were produced. Their oxygen balances, the combustion temperatures based on the theoretical calculation, and gas outputs (the unit, mol/100 g, means the mole number of the generated gas per 100 g of each composition) were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • NQ stands for nitroguanidine
  • GN stands for guanidine nitric acid
  • BCN stands for basic copper nitrate
  • CMCNa carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt. They are similarly shown in the other tables.
  • Table 2 The gas generating compositions shown in Table 2 were produced.
  • the friction sensitivity test and drop hammer sensitivity test with respect to the compositions were conducted according to the explosive performance test method of JIS K4810-1979. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Composition (composition ratio: % by mass) Friction sensitivity (N) Drop hammer sensitivity (cm)
  • Example 3 GN/BCN/CMCNa/KClO 4 (44.1/48.4/5/2.5) >353 >600
  • Example 4 GN/BCN/CMCNa/NaClO 4 (44.37/48.13/5/2.5) >353 >60
  • compositions of Examples 3 and 4 were found having the friction sensitivity exceeding 353 N and the drop hammer sensitivity exceeding 60 cm, and they are insensitive in the friction sensitivity and the drop hammer sensitivity, and thus they have high handling safety.
  • 1,888.5 g of guanidine nitric acid salt, 2,269 g of basic copper nitrate, 500 g of aluminum hydroxide, 250 g of CMCNa, 100 g of sodium perchlorate, and 700 g of water were loaded to a mixer and mixed all together.
  • the mixture was extruded by an extruder, cut, and dried to obtain a single hole type gas generating composition having the outer diameter of 4.25 mm, the inner diameter of 1.10 mm, and the length of 4.08 mm. 40.3 g of the gas generating composition was air-tightly sealed in a chamber having the inner diameter of 57 mm and the height of 32 mm to produce an inflator for a test.
  • the inflator Using the inflator, a well-known 60-liter tank test (e.g. disclosed in column 22 of JP-A No. 2001-97176 ) and a discharged gas test of a 2800-liter tank were carried out.
  • the 2800-liter tank test was carried out by setting the inflator in a tank made of an iron and having a capacity of 2,800 liters; igniting the inflator; measuring the concentrations of NO, NO 2 , CO and NH 3 in the tank after 3 minutes, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes from the ignition; and determining the average values of the respective moments as the respective gas concentrations.
  • the concentrations of NO, NO 2 , CO, and NH 3 shown in Table 3 were found extremely low, and thus it was confirmed that the safety to a passenger is high when the gas generating composition is burned to expand an air bag.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung, umfassend (A) 20 bis 50 Masse-% einer stickstoffhaltigen Verbindung als Kraftstoff, wobei die stickstoffhaltige Verbindung mindestens eine ist, gewählt aus Tetrazolverbindungen, Guadininverbindungen, Triazinverbindungen und Nitroaminverbindungen, (B) einem basischen Metallnitrat und (C) einer Chlorsäureverbindung als Oxidationsmittel, wobei die Chlorsäureverbindung (C) mindestens eine ist, gewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus (C-1) einem Perchlorsäuresalz und (C-2) einem Chlorsäuresalz, wobei der Gehalt der Komponente (C) 1 bis 5 Masse-% der gesamten Oxidationsmittel beträgt, wobei die gaserzeugende Verbindung eine Sauerstoffbilanz in dem Bereich von -0,02 g/g bis +0,02 g/g aufweist, wobei die Gesamtmenge von (B) und (C) 40 bis 70 Masse-% in der gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzung beträgt.
  2. Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Komponente (B) ein basisches Kupfernitrat ist und das Perchlorsäuresalz (C-1) Natriumperchlorat oder Kaliumperchlorat ist und das Chlorsäuresalz (C-2) Natriumchlorat oder Kaliumchlorat ist.
  3. Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der durchschnittliche Partikeldurchmesser der Chlorsäureverbindung (C) 1 bis 500 µm beträgt.
  4. Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, des Weiteren umfassend (D) ein Metallhydroxid, ein Hydrat eines Metalloxid oder eine Kombination davon.
  5. Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Metallhydroxid (D) Magnesiumhydroxid ist.
EP04024216.6A 2003-10-20 2004-10-11 Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung Active EP1526121B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003358774A JP4767487B2 (ja) 2003-10-20 2003-10-20 ガス発生剤組成物
JP2003358774 2003-10-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1526121A1 EP1526121A1 (de) 2005-04-27
EP1526121B1 true EP1526121B1 (de) 2019-05-08

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EP04024216.6A Active EP1526121B1 (de) 2003-10-20 2004-10-11 Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung

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EP (1) EP1526121B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4767487B2 (de)
CN (1) CN100391911C (de)
CA (1) CA2485370A1 (de)

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FR2892117B1 (fr) * 2005-10-13 2008-05-02 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Composition pyrotechnique generatrice de gaz rapide et procede d'obtention
JP5274078B2 (ja) * 2008-04-02 2013-08-28 株式会社ダイセル ガス発生剤組成物
WO2010103811A1 (ja) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-16 日本化薬株式会社 ガス発生剤組成物及びその成形体、並びにそれを用いたガス発生器
FR2949778B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2013-05-10 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
FR2964656B1 (fr) 2010-09-15 2012-10-12 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
JP5663369B2 (ja) 2011-03-31 2015-02-04 株式会社ダイセル ガス発生剤組成物
JP6352134B2 (ja) * 2014-09-29 2018-07-04 株式会社ダイセル 点火薬組成物
DE102016203058B3 (de) * 2016-02-26 2017-05-18 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Kupfer-Keramik-Verbund und Modul
CN116249682A (zh) * 2020-10-01 2023-06-09 株式会社大赛璐 气体发生剂组合物
CN114044729A (zh) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-15 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 一种气体发生剂组合物、气体发生剂及制备方法与应用
CN115894138A (zh) * 2022-08-25 2023-04-04 南京理工大学 一种废弃的含胍碱式硝酸铜再利用的方法和应用
CN115959957A (zh) * 2022-08-25 2023-04-14 南京理工大学 一种利用废弃的碱式硝酸铜制备气体发生剂组合物的方法和应用

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN100391911C (zh) 2008-06-04
JP2005119926A (ja) 2005-05-12
EP1526121A1 (de) 2005-04-27
JP4767487B2 (ja) 2011-09-07
CA2485370A1 (en) 2005-04-20
CN1609080A (zh) 2005-04-27

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