Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
  • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
  • C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
  • C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria

Definitions

• the invention relates to a kit for the detection of microorganisms containing at least one oligonucleotide for at least one species or a group of species of microorganisms which are present on the skin, and also to a method in which the kit according to the invention is used.
• the human skin for example, with an area of approximately 2 m 2, is one of the largest human body organs inhabited by microorganisms. In the course of evolution, a close relationship has developed between the host and its microbial inhabitants. The nutrients made available by the skin through various body glands are metabolized by microorganisms. The resulting acidification of the skin surface prevents the settlement of pathogenic microorganisms.
• the metabolic activity of microorganisms can also have undesirable consequences.
• the development of body odor, dandruff formation and the development of various skin diseases can be attributed to the activity of microbes.
• Resident flora microorganisms that can multiply on human skin or are found regularly when examining skin samples in large numbers or with a high proportion. It is postulated that the above-mentioned properties come about through the firm anchoring of these resident microorganisms with the skin (attachment).
• Transient flora microorganisms that cannot multiply on the human skin or are found only irregularly and in small numbers / proportions during examinations. According to the theory, these microorganisms are free and do not adhere to skin components.
• microorganisms The detection of microorganisms is still predominantly carried out serologically or microscopically.
• the methods are not sensitive enough to directly detect small amounts of microorganisms. For this reason, a cultivation step in which the microorganisms were propagated has been carried out up to now.
• a disadvantage of this method is that some of the microorganisms do not grow on the available nutrient media and therefore cannot be detected.
• Studies on various environmental samples show that e.g. Currently only between 0.1 to 14% of all bacteria can be cultivated. Cultivation-dependent methods have proven to be unsuitable, in particular for analyzing the composition of a complex biocenosis.
• hybridization means in particular the formation of a double helix from two single-stranded, complementary oligo- or polynucleotides. Hybridization can in particular arise between two DNA or two RNA molecules, but also between DNA and RNA molecules. The different molecules hybridize only if the target sequences are sufficiently complementary to one another.
• the complementary target sequences for the detection can also be immobilized, as is often done on so-called DNA chips.
• a carrier DNA chip
• Oligonucleotides which are complementary to known reference sequences of certain bacteria or viruses which occur in the oral flora are immobilized on this support. Due to the complementarity, the oligonucleotides applied to this gene chip can hybridize with the corresponding reference sequences under certain conditions.
• a disadvantage of this carrier is that the microorganisms either have to be propagated by cultivation or the genetic information from the samples present has to be amplified on the chip before hybridization.
• PCR polymerase chain reaction
• PCR DNA-amplifying enzyme
• Taq polymerase a DNA-amplifying enzyme
• a further development of the PCR technique is quantitative PCR, in which an attempt is made to establish a correlation between the amount of microorganisms present and the amount of amplified DNA.
• the advantages of PCR are its high specificity and the short time it takes.
• Significant disadvantages are their high susceptibility to contamination and the false positive results they cause, as well as the aforementioned lack of ability to differentiate between living and dead cells or naked DNA, and finally the risk of false negative results due to the presence of inhibitory substances.
• FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
• microorganism species, species or groups can be identified in the sample in a highly specific manner and, if necessary, visualized or quantified. This method is the only method that provides a distortion-free representation of the actual in situ conditions of the biocenosis. Even microorganisms that have not yet been cultivated and therefore not described can be identified.
• probes penetrate the cells in the sample under investigation. If a microorganism of the type, genus or group for which the probes were developed is present in the sample under investigation, the probes in the microorganism cell bind to their target sequence and the cells can be detected on the basis of the labeling of the probes.
• probes can be used to detect numerous microorganisms that traditional cultivation does not detect. While only a maximum of 15% of the bacterial population of a sample can be made visible by cultivation, the FISH technique allows detection of up to 100% of the total bacterial population in many samples. Second, the detection of microorganisms using the FISH technique is much faster than using cultivation. If the identification of microorganisms by cultivation often takes several days, it only takes a few hours from sampling to microorganism identification even at the species level using the FISH technique. Thirdly, in contrast to a cultivation medium, the specificity of probes can be chosen almost arbitrarily. Individual species can be detected with a probe just as easily as entire genera or groups of microorganisms.
• microorganism types or entire microorganism populations can be precisely quantified directly in the sample.
• associations and associations of different microorganisms can be visualized in one sample.
• the FISH reliably detects only living microorganisms. False positive results due to bare DNA or dead microorganisms such as PCR are excluded with the FISH. Furthermore, false negative results due to the presence of inhibitory substances are excluded, as are false positive results due to contamination.
• the FISH technique is therefore an outstanding tool for quickly and extremely specifically detecting microorganisms directly in a sample. In contrast to cultivation methods, it is a direct method and also allows the microorganisms contained in the sample to be quantified.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to enable the detection of microorganisms or groups of such microorganisms, which come into contact with humans in particular, in such a way that a rapid and possibly quantitative determination of these microorganisms in a sample is ensured and, moreover, individual ones or groups of species of microorganisms can be reliably detected even in the presence of other microorganisms.
• kits for the detection of microorganisms containing at least one oligonucleotide for at least one species or a group of species of microorganisms which are present on the skin, and by the provision of a method in which the kit according to the invention is used.
• skin is understood to mean human and / or animal skin or mucous membrane and the appendages of the skin (hair, hair follicles, nails, glands).
• microorganism group is to be understood as meaning at least two types of microorganisms which either belong to the same genus or are very similar have rRNA.
• a microorganism group according to the invention can also contain, for example, all species of a genus.
• microorganism groups e.g. B. to search for their occurrence or other parameters.
• a number or all species of a genus e.g. of the genus Corynebacterium, which occur on the skin, are to be understood as a group of species selected from this genus, in this case Corynebacterium.
• the kit or set according to the invention can contain both an oligonucleotide for a specific species, a plurality of oligonucleotides for a species, one or more oligonucleotides for a group of species of microorganisms and a plurality of oligonucleotides for two or more groups of microorganisms.
• oligonucleotides or a combination of these in the kit according to the invention for the detection of all microorganisms of a genus.
• This has the advantage that it is also possible to detect those species of a certain genus which have hitherto not been able to be cultivated or have been difficult to cultivate or which have hitherto not been detected in such samples.
• specific oligonucleotides for the genus Malassezia all types of this fungus can be detected in one sample.
• the oligonucleotides contained in the kit according to the invention can also be selected specifically for only a single species (type) of the microorganisms mentioned. In this way, it is advantageously possible to detect microorganism species that have special properties, the appearance of which on the skin is discussed, for example, in connection with diseases. You can use such special probes alongside other species of the same genus as well as sequence-like microorganisms can be detected. This is e.g. B. interesting when examining acne, because the Propionibacterium acnes with a P. acnes-specific oligonucleotide can be detected precisely and specifically in samples that also contain other Propionibacteria.
• the kit or set according to the invention contains at least one or more oligonucleotides, for example in a solution (e.g. a buffer solution) or a mixture (e.g. in the lyophilized state).
• a solution e.g. a buffer solution
• a mixture e.g. in the lyophilized state
• the oligonucleotides can also be present next to each other separately (e.g. in different vessels).
• the oligonucleotide can be complementary to a chromosomal or episomal DNA, but also to an mRNA or rRNA of the microorganism to be detected. It is advantageous to choose an oligonucleotide which is complementary to a region which is present in the number of copies of more than 1 in the microorganism to be detected.
• the sequence to be detected is preferably 500-100,000 times per cell, particularly preferably 1,000-50,000 times.
• the rRNA is preferably used as the target site, since the ribosomes in the cell as sites of protein biosynthesis are present thousands of times in each active cell.
• the oligonucleotide in the sense of the invention can be a DNA or RNA oligonucleotide which will generally comprise between 12 and 1000 nucleotides, preferably between 12 and 100, particularly preferably between 12 and 50, in particular between 16 and 25 nucleotides.
• the oligonucleotides are selected on the basis of whether a suitable complementary sequence is present in the microorganism to be detected.
• a sequence is suitable if, on the one hand, it is specific for the microorganism to be detected and, on the other hand, it is accessible at all to the penetrating oligonucleotide, that is, it is not masked by ribosomal proteins or rRNA secondary structures.
• a type of microorganism, a type of microorganism or a group of microorganisms can be recorded. Complementarity should exist for an oligonucleotide of 15 nucleotides over 100% of the sequence. For oligonucleotides with more than 15 nucleotides, one or more mismatching sites are allowed.
• kit according to the invention can contain oligonucleotides for the detection of the resident microflora of the skin.
• Another advantage is the possibility to quantify the detected microorganisms. For the first time, insights into the absolute and relative quantitative relationships of the microorganisms mentioned in the skin microflora can be obtained. This enables the success and all effects of this treatment to be checked before, during and after medical or cosmetic treatment. In this context, it is also advantageous that the method according to the invention only detects living microorganisms.
• the microorganisms are selected from the genera Staphylococcus, Peptostreptococcus,
• the microflora of the skin has so far only been investigated using the known cultivation methods. Due to the methodological deficiency already mentioned, only cultivable bacteria or fungi were detected. Examples of such species are: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. capitis, S. warn, S. sciuri, S. schleifen, S. intermedius, Veillonella spec, Propionibacterium acnes , Malassezia sloffiae, M. pachydermatis, M. furfur, Corynebacterium minutissimum, C. amycolatum, C. striatum and C. xerosis.
• kits according to the invention which in particular the oligonucleotides with the same or similar sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 19 to 30 possible to detect certain species of a genus in addition to other microorganism species, even if they belong to the same genus.
• the detection of the microorganisms is carried out by means of in-situ hybridization, in particular with the aid of the fluorescence in-situ hybridization method.
• a quantification of different microorganism populations possible with FISH technology is also advantageous.
• Conclusions regarding the interaction of populations of different microorganisms can then be drawn from the cell numbers determined and z. B. for therapy or other measures.
• a kit with several oligonucleotides for different species or groups of species can be used advantageously.
• the kit according to the invention contains at least one oligonucleotide for the species Propionibacterium acnes.
• the kit according to the invention can also contain at least one oligonucleotide for other groups or species of microorganisms.
• the kit or set according to the invention contains at least one oligonucleotide for the species Propionibacterium acnes and at least one oligonucleotide for a species or group of species of Staphylococcus.
• the kit according to the invention contains at least one oligonucleotide for at least one species or group of species from Malassezia.
• the yeast Malassezia is suspected to be particularly involved in the scaling of the skin, for example on the head.
• the kit according to the invention can convey new knowledge in this regard by examining test subjects with and without dandruff with the kit and the Results are compared. Clinical samples can also be tested for Malassezia using the kit according to the invention.
• the oligonucleotide carries a detectable marker (preferably a fluorescent marker), which is in particular covalently bound to the oligonucleotide.
• a detectable marker preferably a fluorescent marker
• the detectability of the hybridization of the oligonucleotide with the target sequence is a prerequisite for the identification and, if necessary, quantification of the microorganisms. In particular, this is often achieved by covalently binding a detectable marker to the oligonucleotide.
• Fluorescent groups e.g.
• Cy-2, Cy-3 or Cy-5 (Amersham Life Sciences, Inc., Arlington Heights, USA), FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), CT (5, (6) - carboxytetramethylrhodamine-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Molecular Probes Inc., Eugene , USA)), TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine-5,6-isothiocyanate (Molecular Probes Inc., see above) or FLUOS (5, (6) -carboxyfluorescein-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany)).
• chemiluminescent groups or radioactive labels for example 35S, 32P, 33P, 125 J.
• detectability can also be provided by coupling the oligonucleotide to an enzymatically active molecule, for example alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase, ⁇ -D-galactosidase or glucose oxidase.
• an enzymatically active molecule for example alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase, ⁇ -D-galactosidase or glucose oxidase.
• chromogens are known for each of these enzymes, which can be converted instead of the natural substrate and can be converted into either colored or fluorescent products he chromogens are given in Table 1 below.
• Peroxidase tyramine hydrochloride (*), 3- (p-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (*), p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (*), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ortho-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, o-Dianisidine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, p-Ucresol (*), 3,3'-dimethyloxybenzidine, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinehydrazone, tetramethylbenzidine
• oligonucleotides so that at their 5 ' or 3' end there is another nucleic acid sequence suitable for hybridization.
• This nucleic acid sequence in turn comprises approximately 15 to 1,000, preferably 15 to 50 nucleotides.
• This second nucleic acid region can in turn be recognized by an oligonucleotide which can be detected by one of the means mentioned above.
• Another possibility is to couple the detectable oligonucleotides to a hapten, which is then to the hapten recognizing antibody can be brought into contact.
• Digoxigenin can be cited as an example of such a hapten. The skilled worker is also well known about the examples given.
• the enzymatic marker is selected from a group consisting of peroxidase, preferably horseradish peroxidase, and phosphatase, preferably alkaline phosphatase.
• the kit contains at least one oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of: i) oligonucleotides with those in SEQ ID NO. 01 to 30 specified
• oligonucleotides which differ from one of those mentioned under i) and ii)
• oligonucleotides the sequence being deleted or extended by one or more nucleotides, and iv) oligonucleotides, which have a sequence which belongs to one of the
• Oligonucleotides under i), ii) or iii) is complementary, under stringent
• oligonucleotides with the in SEQ ID NO. 01 to 18 specified sequences as well as those oligonucleotides that match these at least in 80%, preferably in at least 84%, particularly preferably in at least 90%, very particularly preferably in 95% of the nucleotides, also includes those oligonucleotides that differ from the named ones Derive oligonucleotides, wherein they are extended or deleted by one or more nucleotides.
• oligonucleotides which correspond to these at least in 77%, preferably in at least 83%, particularly preferably in at least 88%, very particularly preferably in 94% of the nucleotides, also includes those oligonucleotides which differ from the named ones Derive oligonucleotides, wherein they are extended or deleted by one or more nucleotides.
• 1 to 40 preferably 1 to 25, in particular 1 to 15 nucleotides to be appended to the 3 'and / or 5' end of the oligonucleotides mentioned.
• oligonucleotides which can be derived from the oligonucleotides mentioned in particular by deleting the sequence by 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 5, in particular one to three, for example one or two, nucleotides.
• a particular advantage is the high specificity of the selected oligonucleotides. Specifically determined genera or groups of microorganisms can be detected as well as highly specific individual species of a genus.
• the kit or set according to the invention can be used for the quick and efficient detection of microorganisms which occur on the skin, in particular by means of the FISH method. It is also possible to use the oligonucleotide sequences as probes in other processes, e.g. immobilized on a gene chip.
• the kit according to the invention i) contains at least one oligonucleotide for the specific detection of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus selected from the group consisting of a) oligonucleotides with the in SEQ ID NO. 01 to 03 specified
• oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotides under a) in accordance with the statements of claim 10 ii) and c) oligonucleotides which match the oligonucleotides in a) according to the statements in claim 10 iii) and d) oligonucleotides which correspond with a Hybridize sequence which is complementary to one of the oligonucleotides under a), b) or c) under stringent conditions.
• Genus Peptostreptococcus selected from the group consisting of a) oligonucleotides with the in SEQ ID NO. 04 to 06 and 27 to 29 sequences indicated, and b) oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotides under a) according to the details of claim 10 ii) and c) oligonucleotides which match the oligonucleotides under a) according to the details of claim 10 iii ) agree and d) oligonucleotides which hybridize with a sequence which is complementary to one of the oligonucleotides under a), b) or c) under stringent conditions.
• oligonucleotide for the specific detection of bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium selected from the group consisting of a) oligonucleotides with the in SEQ ID NO. 07 to 12 and 19 to 26 specified sequences, and b) oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotides under a) in accordance with the details of claim 10 ii) and c) oligonucleotides which match the oligonucleotides in a) in accordance with the details in claim 10 iii) and d) oligonucleotides which have a sequence which is complementary to one of the oligonucleotides under a), b) or c) hybridize under stringent conditions.
• oligonucleotide for the specific detection of bacteria of the genus Veillonella selected from the group consisting of a) oligonucleotides with the in SEQ ID NO. 13 to 15 specified sequences, and b) oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotides under a) according to the details of claim 10 ii) and c) oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotides under a) according to the details of claim 10 iii) and d ) Oligonucleotides which hybridize with a sequence which is complementary to one of the oligonucleotides under a), b) or c) under stringent conditions.
• oligonucleotide for the specific detection of bacteria of the species Propionibacterium acnes selected from the group consisting of a) oligonucleotides with the in SEQ ID NO. 16 and 17 specified
• oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotides under a) in accordance with the details of claim 10 ii) and c) oligonucleotides which match the oligonucleotides in a) in accordance with the details in claim 10 iii) and d) oligonucleotides which have a sequence which is complementary to one of the oligonucleotides under a), b) or c) hybridize under stringent conditions.
• Genus Malassezia selected from the group consisting of a) an oligonucleotide with the in SEQ ID NO. 18 specified sequence and b) oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotide under a) according to the details of claim 10 ii) and c) oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotide under a) according to the details of claim 10 iii) and d) oligonucleotides, which hybridize with a sequence which is complementary to one of the oligonucleotides under a), b) or c) under stringent conditions
• oligonucleotide for the specific detection of microorganisms from the sporomusa taxon selected from the group consisting of a) an oligonucleotide with the in SEQ ID NO.
• oligonucleotides which correspond to the oligonucleotide under a) according to the details of claim 10 ii) and c) oligonucleotides which match the oligonucleotide under a) in accordance with the statements of claim 10 iii) and d) oligonucleotides which are stringent with a sequence which is complementary to one of the oligonucleotides under a), b) or c) Hybridize conditions.
• the kit according to the invention in particular enables the specific detection of microorganisms of the genera Staphylococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Veillonella, Malassezia and / or the Sporomusa taxon.
• kits according to the invention For example, the selection of one or more oligonucleotides each from one of groups i), ii), iii), iv), v), vi) or vii) to be understood by it.
• oligonucleotides selected from four groups ie from group i) with ii), iii) and iv) are also to be used; i) with ii), iii) and v); i) with ii), iii) and vi), i) with ii), iii) and vii); i) with ii), iv) and v); i) with ii), iv) and vi); i) with ii), iv) and vi); i) with ii), v) and vi), i) with ii), v) and vii); i) with ii), vi) and vii); i) with iii), vi) and vii); i) with iii), vi) and vii); i) with iii), vi) and vii); i) with iii), vi) and vii); i) with iii), vi) and vii
• the kit according to the invention is therefore suitable for detecting a microorganism species or a group of microorganisms.
• one or more oligonucleotides according to i) are selected, for example, for the detection of certain species of Staphylococcus.
• the detection of species and / or groups of microorganisms of the different genera mentioned can be carried out simultaneously and / or side by side.
• the detection of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus (by selecting one or more oligonucleotides according to i)) can be carried out simultaneously and / or next to one another to detect microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium (by selecting one or more oligonucleotides according to iii) ) occur.
• the kit can be individually adapted to the respective requirements.
• kits contain oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus, the oligonucleotides being complementary to the rRNA and being selected from a group consisting of oligonucleotides with those under SEQ ID NO. 01 to 03 specified sequences.
• Each of the specified oligonucleotides detects at least one of the following species of the genus Staphylococcus: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saccharolyticus, S. caprae, S. capitis, S. warn, S. pasteuri, S. arlettae, S. gallinarum, S. cohnii, S. succinus, S. kloosii, S. saprophyticus, S. equorum, S. xylosus, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. lugdunensis, S. chromogenes, S. auricularis, S. schleifen, S. sciuri, S.
• microorganisms with a similar rRNA sequence are not covered by these oligonucleotides: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Proteus vulgaris, Burkholderiausocococides, and Bokholderia cepacis.
• Paenibacillus polymyxa Bacillus lentus
• Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis
• Bacillus mycoides Proteus vulgaris
• Burkholderiausocococides Burkholderiausocococides
• Bokholderia cepacis Bokholderia cepacis
• the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID NO. 02 is for the detection of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus, in particular of S. intermedius, S. delphini, S. muscae, S. condimenti, S. piscifermentans, S. carnosus, S. schleifen, S. felis and S. simulans, preferred by S. intermedius and S. schleifen.
• the combination of the oligonucleotides in the kit according to the invention with those under SEQ ID NO is particularly preferred. 01 to 02 specified sequences.
• This combination detects at least the following species of the genus Staphylococcus: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. caprae, S. capitis, S. warn, S. pasteuri, S. arlettae, S. gallinarum, S. cohnii, S. succinus , S. kloosii, S. saprophyticus, S. equorum, S. xylosus, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. lugdunensis, S. chromogenes, S.
• kits contain oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the genus Peptostreptococcus, the oligonucleotides being complementary to the rRNA and being selected from a group consisting of oligonucleotides with those under SEQ ID NO. 04 to 06 and 27 to 29 specified sequences.
• the bacteria known under the generic name "Peptostreptococcus” can be assigned to various subgroups, in particular the genera Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus or Finegoldia, according to the latest findings.
• Each of the specified oligonucleotides detects at least one of the following species of the genera Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus or Finegoldia belonging to the generic term "Peptostreptococcus”: P. assaccharolyticus, P. lacrimalis, P. hareii, F. magnus, A. tetradius, A. hydrogenalis, A. lactolyticus, A. octavius, and A. vagina lis.
• oligonucleotides with the under SEQ ID NO. 04 to 06 specified sequences. These oligonucleotides each detect at least the following peptostreptococcal species, in particular those of the genus Anaerococcus: Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, A. lactolyticus, A. octavius, A. prevotii, Anaerococcus tetradius and A. vaginalis.
• the species of the genus Peptostreptococcus mentioned below and other microorganisms with a similar rRNA sequence, but which do not belong to the genus Peptostreptococcus, in particular Anaerococcus, are not covered: Peptoniphilus lacrimalis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Finegoldia magniotus, and Ruminididoccus product, and Ruminidocibus product, as well as Ruminidococcus Clostridium hastiform.
• This oligonucleotide detects at least the following species of the microorganisms falling under the generic term "Peptostreptococcus”: Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, A. lactolyticus, A. octavius, A. prevotii and A. vaginalis.
• the kit according to the invention also contains oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the genus Peptostreptococcus, the oligonucleotides being complementary to the rRNA and being selected from a group consisting of oligonucleotides with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.
• the species of the genus Peptostreptococcus mentioned below and other microorganisms with a similar rRNA sequence, but which do not belong to the peptostreptococci, are not recorded; Micromonas micros, Helcococcus kunzii, Helcococcus ovis.
• oligonucleotides detect at least the following species of the genus Peptoniphilus: Peptoniphilus assaccharolyticus, P. hareii, P. indoHeus (in particular the ATCC 29427 strain and those strains which are closely related to it, ie have a very similar rRNA) and P. lacrimalis.
• Pseudomonas saccharophila Variovorax paradoxus
• Finegoldia magna Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Propionibacterium acnes Micromonas micros, Gallicola baranese, Atopobium parvulum, Veilonella dispar and Cseudiesococcus putida, as well as Pseudomonocacterium putida and Pseudomonocacterium putida.
• the oligonucleotide with the under SEQ ID No. 28 specified sequence detects in particular microorganisms of the species Peptoniphilus lacrimalis.
• the oligonucleotide with that under SEQ ID NO. 29 specified sequence.
• This oligonucleotide detects at least the species Finegoldia magna from the microorganisms falling under the generic term "peptostreptococci" and those microorganisms which are very similar in their rRNA sequence, while the following microorganisms cannot be detected at the same time: Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, Peptostreptococcus anaerhilus, Pepton lacrimalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Halocella cellulosilytica, Propionibacterium acnes, Micromonas micros, Veillonella dispar, Pseudomonas putida and other species of the genera Anaerococcus, Corynebacterium and Peptoniphilus.
• kits contain oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium, the oligonucleotides being complementary to the rRNA and being selected from a group consisting of oligonucleotides with those under SEQ ID NO. 07 to 12 specified sequences.
• Each of the specified oligonucleotides detects at least one of the following species of the genus Corynebacterium: C. glutamicum, C. lipophiloflavum, C. glucuronolyticum, C. macginleyi, C. accolens, C. fastidiosum, C. segmentosum, C. ammoniagenes, C. minutissimum, C. flavescens, C. coyleiae, C. afermentans, C. pseudogenitalium, C. genitalium, C. mucofaciens, C. auris, C. mycetoides, C. cystitidis, C. pilosum, C. pseudotuberculosis, C.
• ulcerans C. diphteriae, C. vitarumen, C. kutscheri, C. genitalium, C. argentoratens, C. callunae, C. bovis, C. variabilis, C. amycolatum, C. "tuberculostearicum", C. xerosis, C. matruchotii, C. jeikeium, C. efficiens, C. thomsenii, C. nigricans, C. auriscanis, C. mooreparkense, C. casei, C. camporealensis, C. sundsvallense, C. mastidis, C. imitans, C. riegelii, C. asperum, C. freneyi, C. striatum, C. coyleiae and C. simulans.
• the oligonucleotide with the one under SEQ ID NO. 10 specified sequence used for the detection of Corynebacteria of the species C. striatum and / or C. xerosis.
• oligonucleotide with the under SEQ ID NO. 11 specified sequence used for the detection of Corynebacteria of the species C. jeikeium.
• the combination of the oligonucleotides detects at least the following species of the genus Corynebacterium: C. glutamicum, C. lipophiloflavum, C. glucuronolyticum, C. macginleyi, C. accolens, C. fastidiosum, C. segmentosum, C. ammoniagenes, C. minutissimum, C. flavescens , C. coyleiae, C. afermentans, C. pseudogenitalium, C. "genitalium”, C. mucofaciens, C. auris, C.
• the kit according to the invention furthermore contains oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium, the oligonucleotides being complementary to the rRNA and being selected from a group consisting of oligonucleotides with those under SEQ ID NO. 19 to 26 specified sequences.
• Each of the specified oligonucleotides detects at least one of the following species of the genus Corynebacterium: C. coyleiae, C. afermentans, C. "genitalium”, C. mucifaciens, C. amycolatum, C. “tuberculostearicum” and C. riegelii. These oligonucleotides are suitable for specifically detecting a group from one or more, very closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium.
• microorganisms with a similar rRNA sequence are advantageously not detected by these oligonucleotides: Clostridium acetobutylicum, Eubacterium yurii and Fusobacterium nucleatum.
• the following bacteria belonging to the skin microflora are also not recorded: Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus varians, Micrococcus lyae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Streptococcus pyogenes. This is a particular advantage and shows the high specificity of the probes.
• the oligonucleotide with the one under SEQ ID NO. 19 specified sequence for the detection of a group of microorganisms from the genus Corynebacterium used by C. "tuberculostearicum" (in particular ATCC 35692) or the group around the strain with the designation CDC G5840 (Acc. No. X80498) and such microorganisms is formed, which have a very similar rRNA.
• microorganisms which are very closely related to the microorganism or whose rRNA has a high degree of identity and / or in particular in the section hybridizing with the oligonucleotide mentioned with the rRNA of the said microorganisms completely or almost completely (ie with a deviation of one or more, preferably one to three nucleotides) agree.
• This probe advantageously detects C. "tuberculostearicum” and the species of the genus Corynebacterium that have a very similar rRNA without detecting the following, more closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium: C. minutissimum, C. diphteriae, C. striatum, C. xerosis, C. "fastidiosum", C. camporealensis, C. accolens and C. "pseudogenitalium” as well as C. afermentans, C. jeikeium, C. durum, C. mucifaciens, C. renale, C. riegelii, C. glutamicum, C. lipophiloflavum, C. glucuronolyticum C. ammoniagenes, C. coyleiae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. kutscheri, C. callunae and C. urealyticum.
• C. amycolatum and species closely related to this species is the probe with the probe under SEQ ID NO. 20 specified sequence used.
• This probe advantageously detects C. amycolatum, and those species of the genus Corynebacterium which have a very similar rRNA and which, in particular in the portion of the rRNA hybridizing with said oligonucleotide, has only a few, preferably no mismatches, without the following, more distant related species of the To detect genus Corynebacterium; C. "asperum", C. jeikeium, C. bovis, C. freneyi, C. afermentans, C. durum, C. matruchotii, C.
• mucifaciens C. renale, C. glutamicum, and C. xerosis and C. lipophiloflavum , C. glucuronolyticum, C. minutissimum, C. ammoniagenes, C. camporealensis, C. coyleiae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. riegelii, C. kutscheri, C. callunae and C. urealyticum.
• the oligonucleotide with the one under SEQ ID NO. 21 specified sequence for the detection of certain species of microorganisms, in particular the genus Corynebacterium, which with the partial sequence of 16 S rRNA indicated under Seq ID No 31 is used in at least 60%, preferably in at least 70%, particularly preferably in at least 80% and entirely particularly preferably in at least 90%, for example at least 95% of the nucleotides match.
• This probe advantageously detects the specified species of the genus Corynebacterium without detecting the following, more closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium: C. "genitalium", C. mucifaciens, C. coyleiae, C. glucuronolyticum, C.
• the oligonucleotide with the one under SEQ ID NO. 23 specified sequence used for the detection of Corynebacteria of the species C. afermentans.
• This probe advantageously detects C. afermentans and those species of the genus Corynebacterium which have a rRNA very similar to these species without detecting the following, more distant, related species of the genus Corynebacterium: C. "genitalium", C. mucifaciens, C. ammoniagenes, C. coyleiae, C. glucuronolyticum, C. riegelii, C. thomssenii. C. pseudogenitalium and C. lipophiloflavum as well as C. amycolatum, C. jeikeium, C. durum, C. renale, C. striatum, C. glutamicum, C. accolens, C.
• the oligonucleotide with the one under SEQ ID NO. 25 specified sequence used for the detection of Corynebacteria of the species C. afermentans, C. mucifaciens, C. coyleiae and / or "C. genitalium"
• This probe advantageously detects C. afermentans, C. mucifaciens, C. coyleiae and "C. genitalium” as well as those species of the genus Corynebacterium which have an rRNA very similar to these species without detecting the following, more closely related species of the genus Corynebacterium: C xerosis, C. jeikeium, C. urealyticum, C. amycolatum, C. glutamicum, C. striatum, C. accolens, C. renale, C. ammoniagenes and C. kutscheri as well as C. glucuronolyticum, C. camporealensis, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. durum, C. minutissimum, C. lipophiloflavum, C. callunae and C. thomssenii.
• This oligonucleotide also does not detect the following microorganisms, which do not belong to the genus Corynebacterium, but have a similar rRNA: Nanomurea fastidiosa, Micromonospora echinospora, Abiotropha elegans and Arcanobacterium pyogenes.
• kits contain oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the genus Veillonella, the probes being complementary to the rRNA and being selected from a group consisting of oligonucleotides with those under SEQ ID NO. 13 to 15 specified sequences.
• Each of the specified oligonucleotides detects at least one of the following species of the genus Veillonella: V. dispar, V. parvula and V. atypica. Since the genus Veillonella is largely isolated in the phylogenetic family tree, advantageously no detection of non-target organisms is found.
• a combination of the oligonucleotides with those under SEQ ID NO. Is particularly preferred in the kit according to the invention. Contain 13 to 14 specified sequences. This combination detects at least the following species of the genus Veillonella: V. dispar, V. parvula and V. atypica.
• the kit according to the invention contains oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the species Propionibacterium acnes, the probes being complementary to the rRNA and being selected from a group consisting of oligonucleotides with those under SEQ ID NO. 16 to 17 specified sequences.
• Each of the specified oligonucleotides specifically detects the Propionibacterium acnes species.
• a kit which contains the oligonucleotide with the sequence shown under SEQ ID NO. 16 specified sequence contains.
• microorganisms with a similar rRNA sequence are not recorded: P. propionicus, P. granulosum, P. avidum, P. freudenreichii, P. thoeni, P. lymphophilus, C. minutissimum, Saccharomonospora viridis, Nocardiodes spec, Propioniferax innocua, Gordonia sputi and Arcanobacterium.
• kits contain oligonucleotides for the specific detection of microorganisms of the genus Malassezia, the oligonucleotide being complementary to the rRNA and those under SEQ ID NO. Has 18 specified sequence.
• the specified oligonucleotide detects at least one of the following species of the genus Malassezia: M. sloffiae, M. pachydermatis, M. furfur.
• the specified oligonucleotide detects at least the species Acidaminococcus fermentans, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and with them closely related microorganisms with very similar rRNA, but not the following microorganisms: Veillonella spec. Halobacillus halophilus, Sporomusa paucivorans, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Anaeromusa acidaminophila, Halocella cellulosilytica, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Succiniclasticum ruminis and Succinispira mobilis.
• a kit according to the invention can contain not only labeled oligonucleotides but also unlabeled oligonucleotides and can be used in the detection of microorganisms.
• the incubation of samples with unlabelled and labeled oligonucleotides preferably serves to increase the specificity of the probes. For example, it is possible to distinguish closely related species from microorganisms by using an oligonucleotide for an undetectable species that is closely related to a species to be detected, which under the selected conditions hybridizes better with the target sequence of the rRNA of the undetectable microorganism than that marked probe.
• the unlabeled probe hybridizes better with the rRNA of the undetectable microorganism than the labeled probe, binding of the labeled probe to the rRNA of the undetectable microorganism and thus a false positive result is prevented by using the unlabeled oligonucleotide (competitor).
• the specific detection of certain microorganism species or groups of microorganisms is thereby made possible, especially in the presence of closely related species with a very similar rRNA sequence.
• the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 21 it is suitable according to the invention, together with the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 21 the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 22 to use.
• the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 21 marked and the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 22 used unmarked.
• the microorganism species, the 16 S rRNA sequence of which is shown under SEQ ID No. 31 specified sequence includes, can be detected easily, without that C. afermentans is detected at the same time (compare analysis result in the example). It can also be suitable according to the invention to use oligonucleotides of SEQ ID No. Use 23 and 24 together.
• oligonucleotide with SEQ ID No. 23 marked as a probe is used to detect C. afermentans, masks the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 24 the very similar target sequence of the microorganism species, the 16 S rRNA sequence of which is shown under SEQ ID No. 31 specified sequence includes.
• oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 26 as an unlabeled competitor together with the oligonucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 25 are used.
• the kit additionally contains at least one oligonucleotide for the detection of other microorganism species, groups or genera.
• kits in addition to one or more oligonucleotides according to SEQ ID No. 19 to 30 contains one or more further oligonucleotides for the detection of species of the genera Staphylococcus, Veillonella, Malassezia and / or Propionibacterium. Different skin-relevant microorganisms can then advantageously be detected simultaneously or in parallel in a sample, in particular in a single process or method.
• oligonucleotides disclosed herein are particularly suitable, in particular those according to SEQ ID NO. 1 to 18.
• a kit is particularly suitable, for example, which, in addition to one, more or all oligonucleotides, has a sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 19 to 30 contains one or more oligonucleotides which can detect a larger group of the microorganisms to be detected. For example, it can make sense to first identify those samples with one or more probes that contain microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium, and then to examine the positive samples specifically for individual microorganism species or groups within the genus Corynebacterium.
• Preferred oligonucleotides which can in particular also be used in combination for the detection of many different species of the genus Corynebacterium, preferably for the detection of skin-relevant species of the genus Corynebacterium, are the oligonucleotides with a sequence according to SEQ ID NO. 7 to 12, in particular according to SEQ ID No. 7, 8, 10 and 11, in particular when using the oligonucleotides according to SEQ ID NO. 7, 8, 10 and 11.
• one or more of the above-mentioned oligonucleotides according to SEQ ID No. 19 to 26 can be added to the kit.
• This kit can contain (in particular when used in an in-situ hybridization method the important hybridization solutions with the respective oligonucleotides for the microorganisms to be detected as important components. Furthermore, it can also contain a corresponding hybridization solution without oligonucleotides and the corresponding washing solution or a Concentrate of the corresponding washing solution, which may also contain enzyme solutions, fixation solutions and, if appropriate, an embedding solution for carrying out a positive control and a negative control in parallel (for example without or with non-hybridizing oligonucleotides).
• the implementation of the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a) taking a sample from the skin b) fixing the microorganisms contained in the sample taken c) incubating the fixed microorganisms with at least one oligonucleotide in order to bring about hybridization d) removing non-hybridized oligonucleotides and e) Detecting and possibly quantifying the microorganisms hybridized with the oligonucleotides.
• fixing the microorganisms is understood to mean a treatment with which the microorganism shell is made permeable to oligonucleotides. Ethanol is usually used for fixation. If the cell wall cannot be penetrated by the oligonucleotides using these measures, the person skilled in the art is sufficiently aware of further measures which lead to the same result. These include, for example, methanol, mixtures of alcohols, a low-percentage paraformaldehyde solution or a dilute formaldehyde solution or the like.
• the fixed cells are incubated with, in particular, fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotides for the “hybridization”. After penetration of the cell envelope, these may bind to the target sequence corresponding to the oligonucleotide.
• the bond is to be understood as the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary pieces of nucleic acid.
• oligonucleotides of the kit according to the invention are used in the context of the method according to the invention with a suitable hybridization solution.
• suitable compositions of this solution are well known to those skilled in the art.
• Such a hybridization solution contains, for example, formamide in a concentration between 0% and 80%, from 0 - 45%, particularly preferably from 20% to 40% and has, for example, a salt concentration (the salt is preferably NaCl) between 0.1 mol / l and 1, 5 mol / l, preferably between 0.5 and 1.0 mol / l, particularly preferably 0.9 mol / l.
• a detergent usually SDS
• a suitable buffer substance eg Tris-HCl, Na citrate, HEPES, PIPES or the like
• the pH of the hybridization solution is generally between 6.0 and 9.0, preferably between 7.0 and 8.0, particularly preferably around 8.0.
• additives can be used, e.g. fragmented salmon sperm DNA or blocking reagents to prevent nonspecific binding in the hybridization reaction or polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or dextran sulfate to accelerate the hybridization reaction.
• substances can also be added which stain the DNA of all living and / or organisms contained in the sample (e.g. DAPI, 4 ', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride).
• DAPI fragmented salmon sperm DNA
• 4 ', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride e.g. DAPI, 4 ', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride.
• the concentration of the oligonucleotide in the hybridization solution depends on the type of its labeling and the number of target structures. In order to enable fast and efficient hybridization, the number of oligonucleotides should exceed the number of target structures by several orders of magnitude. However, it should be borne in mind that an excessive amount of fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotides leads to increased background fluorescence.
• the concentration of the oligonucleotides should therefore be in a range between 0.5 - 500 ng / ⁇ l.
• the preferred concentration in the context of the method according to the invention is 1-10 ng of each oligonucleotide used per ⁇ l hybridization solution.
• the volume of the hybridization solution used should be between 8 ⁇ l and 100 ml, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention it is between 10 ⁇ l and 1000 ⁇ l, particularly preferably it is between 20 ⁇ l and 40 ⁇ l.
• the duration of the hybridization is usually between 10 minutes and 12 hours; hybridization is preferably carried out for about 1.5 hours.
• the hybridization temperature is preferably between 44 ° C and 48 ° C, particularly preferably 46 ° C, the parameter of the hybridization temperature, as well as the concentration of salts and detergents in the hybridization solution, depending on the oligonucleotides, in particular their lengths and the degree of complementarity can be optimized to the target sequence in the cell to be detected.
• the person skilled in the art is familiar with the relevant calculations here.
• this washing solution can contain 0.001-0.1% of a detergent such as SDS, with a concentration of 0.01% being preferred, as well as Tris-HCl or another suitable buffer substance in a concentration of 0.001-0.1 mol / l , preferably 0.02 mol / I, the pH being in the range from 6.0 to 9.0, preferably around 8.0.
• the detergent may be included but is not essential.
• the washing solution usually also contains NaCl, the concentration depending on the stringency required being from 0.003 mol / l to 0.9 mol / l, preferably from 0.01 mol / l to 0.9 mol / l.
• a NaCl concentration of 0.07 mol / l is particularly preferred.
• NaCl concentrations of 0.05-0.22 mol / l are particularly suitable.
• the washing solution can also contain EDTA, the concentration preferably being 0.005 mol / l.
• the washing solution can also contain preservatives known to the person skilled in the art in suitable amounts.
• the "washing off" of the unbound oligonucleotides is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from 44 ° C. to 52 ° C., preferably from 44 ° C. to 50 ° C. and particularly preferably at 44 ° C. to 48 ° C. for a period of 10- 40 minutes, preferably 15 minutes.
• the final evaluation is possible with a light microscope, epifluorescence microscope, chemiluminometer, fluorometer, etc.
• the speed of this detection method is a particular advantage. While traditional cultivation takes up to seven days for detection, the result is available within three hours after using the method according to the invention. This enables for the first time an accompanying diagnostic control of the effects and undesirable effects of an applied treatment. It is also advantageous here that the method provided according to the invention makes it possible to detect all of the microorganisms mentioned at the same time, which means a further time advantage, since all steps from sampling to evaluation need only be carried out once.
• Another major advantage is that it is now possible for the first time to simultaneously detect these medically and cosmetically relevant microorganisms of the skin microflora.
• By using different markers for the oligonucleotides all, several or individual groups or species of microorganisms can be detected in parallel and clearly differentiated from one another, as required. It also allows the population relationships of these microorganism groups or species and the interactions between them to be analyzed for the first time. For the first time, this opens up the possibility of a clear diagnosis and targeted treatment of medically and / or cosmetically relevant skin problems. It is now possible for the first time to have the effects of medical therapy or cosmetic Treatment to capture the total microflora of the skin. Possible effects as well as undesirable effects of a treatment can be recognized early and can be strengthened or prevented in the further treatment.
• kit according to the invention can now be used for the first time in this method to detect those microorganisms of the skin microflora which have not previously been recorded by the traditional detection methods.
• oligonucleotide or the oligonucleotides used a wide variety of groups of microorganisms can be detected. On the one hand, it is possible to detect large groups of microorganisms, but also smaller subgroups that are closely related, and even individual species specifically, in addition to other, also closely related species of microorganisms.
• the sample is obtained from the skin surface in step a) of the method.
• a detergent solution which is intended to facilitate the detachment of the microorganisms from the skin surface.
• Physiologically acceptable detergents such as. B. Tween or Triton, used in concentrations of about 0.01-1 wt .-%.
• the skin surface is rubbed off with the help of a scraping instrument.
• rods of different thicknesses e.g. B. with a diameter of 0.05 to 1.5 cm, made of different materials such as glass, metal or plastic.
• Spatulas made of the materials mentioned with a rounded surface are also suitable.
• Glass rods between 0.4 and 0.8 cm in diameter or plastic spatulas are preferred.
• Plastic spatulas with a rough surface are particularly suitable, for example a sampling spatula made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide from Merck (Art. No. 231J2412, double spatula, length 180 mm). Also suitable according to the invention are rubbing with swabs and the sampling by clapping with more viscous media or skin tears with adhesive films (for example commercial household adhesive strips). In these methods, the microorganisms can be obtained from these objects, for example, by washing with an appropriate buffer solution. The further procedure can also be carried out directly on the adhesive strip.
• fixation is carried out by i) denaturing reagents, preferably selected from a group consisting of ethanol, acetone and ethanol-acetic acid mixtures, ii) crosslinking reagents, preferably selected from a group consisting of formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, or iii) as heat fixation
• the microorganisms can be immobilized on a support after being fixed.
• the fixed cells of the microorganisms are permeabilized before step c) of the method according to the invention.
• permeabilization means an enzymatic treatment of the cells. This treatment makes the cell wall of fungi and gram-positive bacteria permeable to the oligonucleotides. Enzymes suitable for this, their suitable concentrations and solvents suitable for these are known to the person skilled in the art. It goes without saying that the method according to the invention is also suitable for analyzing gram-negative bacteria; the enzymatic treatment for permeabilization is then adapted accordingly, and this can then be dispensed with entirely.
• Permeabilization of the cells prior to hybridization has the advantage that the oligonucleotides can penetrate the cells, but the ribosomes and thus the rRNA cannot escape from the cells.
• the great advantage of this technique of whole cell hybridization is that the morphology of the bacteria remains intact and that these intact bacteria can be detected in situ, i.e. in their natural environment. As a result, the bacteria can not only be quantified, but also possible associations between different bacterial groups can be demonstrated.
• the permeabilization can very particularly preferably take place by partial degradation by means of cell wall lytic enzymes, preferably selected from a group consisting of lysozyme, lysostaphin, proteinase K, pronase and mutanolysin.
• cell wall lytic enzymes preferably selected from a group consisting of lysozyme, lysostaphin, proteinase K, pronase and mutanolysin.
• an oligonucleotide suitable as a positive control is also provided.
• Such an oligonucleotide is characterized in that it detects as many, optimally all, of the bacteria or eurkaryotes contained in the analyzed sample.
• the oligonucleotide EUB338 (bacteria) or the oligonucleotide EUK (eukaryotes) described by Amann et al. (1990) is suitable.
• Such a positive control can be used to check that the procedure used has been carried out correctly. Above all, however, it allows the determination of a percentage of the specifically detected microorganisms compared to the
• kits for the detection and / or quantification of microorganisms on the skin are advantageous.
• the use of the kit, in particular in the method according to the invention, in the search for active substances, in the analysis of the microflora of the skin and in testing the effect of cosmetics containing active substances is advantageous.
• the investigation of both human and animal skin directly or in samples taken from them can be carried out efficiently with the kits according to the invention and also against a high background of other microorganisms.
• the plastic cylinder which is open on both sides, is pressed with the undamaged side onto the skin surface to be examined and with 1.5 ml of the detergent solution (a physiological Tween buffer solution, pH 8.0 with 0.523 KH 2 PO 4 g / liter, 16.73 K 2 HP0 4 g / liter, 8.50 NaCI g / liter, 10.00 tween 80 g / liter and 1.00 trypton g / liter).
• the detergent solution a physiological Tween buffer solution, pH 8.0 with 0.523 KH 2 PO 4 g / liter, 16.73 K 2 HP0 4 g / liter, 8.50 NaCI g / liter, 10.00 tween 80 g / liter and 1.00 trypton g / liter.
• the two liquids are combined. Part of the sample from the two combined liquids is used for the subsequent detection using oligonucleotides, another part is used for the control, which is carried out in parallel, by culturing the microorganisms contained in the sample.
• Sterile water e.g. Millipore water
• Millipore water Sterile water
• a volume of absolute ethanol is then added to the sample taken and centrifuged (room temperature, 8,000 rpm, 5 minutes). The supernatant is discarded and the pellet washed in a volume of 1 x PBS solution. Finally, the pellet is resuspended in 1/10 volume of fixative (50% ethanol) and stored at -20 ° C until further use. An aliquot of the cell suspension is applied to a slide and dried (46 ° C, 30 min or until completely dry). The cells are then completely dehydrated by applying a further fixing solution (absolute ethanol) and dried again (46 ° C., 3 min or until completely dry).
• a suitable volume of a suitable enzyme solution is then applied and the sample incubated (room temperature, 15 min). This step may be repeated with another suitable enzyme solution.
• the permeabilization solution is removed with distilled water and the sample is completely dried again (incubation at 46 ° C. to completely dry).
• the cells are then completely dehydrated again by applying the fixing solution (absolute ethanol) and dried again (46 ° C., 3 min or until completely dry).
• hybridization solution with the oligonucleotides specific for the microorganisms to be detected in each case is then applied to the fixed, fully digested and dehydrated cells.
• the slide is then placed in a chamber moistened with hybridization solution (without oligonucleotides) (46 ° C, 90 min).
• the slide is then immersed in a chamber filled with washing solution and incubated (46 ° C., 15 min).
• the slide is then briefly immersed in a chamber filled with distilled water and then air-dried in the lateral position (46 ° C, 30 min or until completely dry). detection:
• the slide is then embedded in a suitable embedding medium. Finally, the sample is analyzed using a fluorescence microscope.
• Microorganism samples were taken from the forehead of a female test subject with combination skin (typified by a beautician and confirmed by sebometer measurements) using the sampling method described above.
• propionibacteria A very high proportion of propionibacteria was found by counting the fluorescence signals and comparing them with the total number of cells (> 90%). A small proportion of staphylococci was found ( ⁇ 10%). No corynebacteria were found.
• a microorganism sample was taken from the skin of another female subject using the sampling method described above.
• the 16 S rRNA gene of a microorganism was isolated from part of the sample. The subsequent sequence determination showed that it is a new sequence, but the microorganism can be assigned to the genus Corynebacterium. This sequence, on the basis of which a corresponding probe (according to SEQ ID No. 21) was developed, which can detect this microorganism, is under SEQ ID No. 31 specified in the sequence listing.
• Another part of the sample was hybridized with the previously described bacteria-specific probe EUB and with a probe mixture (SEQ ID No. 07 to 11) for the detection of the skin-relevant Corynebacteria.
• a high proportion of corynebacteria was determined by counting the fluorescence signals and comparing them with the total number of cells that had been recorded by the bacteria-specific probe (approx. 73%).

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