EP1517876A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung substituierter organischer verbindungen und verwendung von katalysatoren f r substitutionsreaktione n - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung substituierter organischer verbindungen und verwendung von katalysatoren f r substitutionsreaktione nInfo
- Publication number
- EP1517876A1 EP1517876A1 EP03732581A EP03732581A EP1517876A1 EP 1517876 A1 EP1517876 A1 EP 1517876A1 EP 03732581 A EP03732581 A EP 03732581A EP 03732581 A EP03732581 A EP 03732581A EP 1517876 A1 EP1517876 A1 EP 1517876A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- formula
- radicals
- compound
- integer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- -1 cycloaliphatic Chemical group 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 7
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000858 thiocyanato group Chemical group *SC#N 0.000 claims description 6
- NAMDIHYPBYVYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound COCCOCCOC.COCCOCCOC NAMDIHYPBYVYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005392 carboxamide group Chemical group NC(=O)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1C#N YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUAXVBUVQVRIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C XUAXVBUVQVRIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNBRIFIJRKJGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C#N BNBRIFIJRKJGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXMVWUBWIHZLMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WXMVWUBWIHZLMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKZZRFNOLAENMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound COCCOS(O)(=O)=O MKZZRFNOLAENMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SDTLJYDKYHKCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOC(OCC)(OCC)OS(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)(OCC)OS(O)(=O)=O SDTLJYDKYHKCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXOIEGAHDXUDPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOC(OCC)CCCOS(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)CCCOS(O)(=O)=O UXOIEGAHDXUDPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(O)(=O)=O KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SXLRJSJVNAYKBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxymethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OS(O)(=O)=O SXLRJSJVNAYKBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FHJUNZDWQYDDNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy ethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOOS(=O)(=O)OCC FHJUNZDWQYDDNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRZKZLWGWQJCFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy methyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOOS(=O)(=O)OC BRZKZLWGWQJCFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXGDHRRHCKBXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCOCS(O)(=O)=O FXGDHRRHCKBXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001905 inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGGNVBNNVSIGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,2-trimethylaziridine-1-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1CN1C(=O)N(C)C VGGNVBNNVSIGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M n-octyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940067739 octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004812 organic fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid monooctyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
- C07C17/208—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being MX
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B39/00—Halogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved substitution reactions on substituted organic compounds with metal salts which have anions which replace one or more substituents of the substituted organic compounds and, in particular, to a process for carrying out exchange reactions using a selected catalyst.
- halogen atoms especially for the production of fluorinated halogen aromatics in the presence of alkali metal fluorides and a halogenated aromatic compound.
- the components in these reactions are heated to very high temperatures in the absence of a solvent, e.g. to temperatures of up to 400 ° C, or the reaction is carried out at temperatures of about 200-230 ° C in an aprotic solvent such as sulfolane.
- organic fluorine compounds can be prepared by reacting a corresponding chlorine or bromine substituted compound with a metal fluoride in benzonitrile as a solvent.
- WO-A-97/32832 describes a process for the preparation of fluorine-containing aromatic compounds and fluorine-containing nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds.
- the process is characterized by reacting a halogen-containing aromatic starting compound with a fluoride, such as an alkali metal fluoride, in the presence of a specific phosphorus-containing catalyst.
- a fluoride such as an alkali metal fluoride
- WO-A-98/05610 discloses a process for the preparation of fluorine-containing compounds, which is carried out by reacting a halogen-containing aromatic compound with a fluoride, such as a
- Alkali metal fluoride is characterized in the presence of a specific phosphonium catalyst.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a
- Ri is an m-valent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, which is optionally substituted with inert organic or inorganic radicals and which can have heteroatoms within the chain or the core,
- n 1 to 6
- n an integer from 0 to 5
- o is an integer from 1 to 6, with the proviso that for a given reaction the sum of n and o corresponds to the number m,
- X is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a nitro group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester group and a carboxamide group
- Y differs from X for a given reaction and is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a thiocyanato group and an oxycarbonyl group, the process comprising the following steps:
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalysts of the formula IVa, IVb or IVc in substituent exchange reactions on organic compounds.
- One aspect of the present invention is that the
- Another aspect of the present invention is to be seen in the fact that the catalysts used according to the invention have only a low toxicity and therefore allow easy handling of the components.
- Another aspect of the present invention is that the substituent exchange reaction without the use of additional Solvent can be carried out, whereby only the catalyst and the reactants have to be combined in a simple and efficient manner.
- Another aspect of the present invention can be seen in the fact that the catalysts used can be recycled in a simple manner, as a result of which a high proportion of the catalyst is recovered and thus contributes to reducing the process costs.
- This embodiment of the invention also includes the use of catalysts which are excluded in the process defined above.
- the process according to the invention allows the production of defined target substances in high yield and high selectivity.
- the new method is ideal for industrial use, leads to relatively low pollution of the environment and can be implemented with relatively low costs and simple means.
- R ⁇ (X) m of the formula (II) can be organic compounds which have one to six substituents X, which are accessible to exchange reactions and which can be replaced by other substituents Y.
- the result of these exchange reactions are compounds R ⁇ (X) n (Y) 0 of the formula (I), in which at least some or all of the substituents X have been replaced by substituent (s) Y.
- Ri is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic radical of valence m, depending on the number of substituents X which for their part can additionally be substituted by inert organic or inorganic groups.
- inert group is to be understood as a group that does not exchange or decompose under the reaction conditions used.
- inert groups are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic organic groups, the aldehyde group, the carboxylic acid group, the hydroxyl group, halogen atoms or the cyano group.
- aliphatic groups or inert groups are straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals which have between one and twenty carbon atoms.
- Aliphatic groups can contain heteroatoms in the chain, for example oxygen, nitrogen or
- Aliphatic groups can be saturated or can have one or more double bonds or triple bonds, which can be conjugated or isolated in the chain. However, the presence of such heteroatoms and / or unsaturated groups should not impair the stability of the starting materials under the respective reaction conditions.
- aliphatic groups or inert groups are monovalent hydrocarbon groups which have one to six carbon atoms, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl or n-hexyl or the corresponding divalent groups, such as methylene, ethylene, propylene and butylene.
- Saturated aliphatic groups R 1 in particular saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which have one to ten carbon atoms, preferably one to six carbon atoms, are preferred.
- cycloaliphatic groups or inert groups are cyclic hydrocarbon radicals which have between three and twenty carbon atoms.
- Cycloaliphatic groups can contain ring heteroatoms, for example oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Cycloaliphatic groups can be saturated or can have one or more double or triple bonds which can be conjugated or isolated in the ring.
- Saturated cycloaliphatic groups R 1 are preferred, in particular saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, the five to eight
- Ring carbon atoms preferably five and six ring carbon atoms.
- cycloaliphatic groups or inert groups are monovalent hydrocarbon radicals which have five to eight carbon atoms, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl, or the corresponding divalent radicals, such as cyclohexylene.
- Aromatic groups or inert groups can be carbocyclic aromatic groups or heterocyclic aromatic groups. Examples of aromatic groups are hydrocarbon residues between six and have twenty-two carbon atoms.
- Aromatic groups may have heteroatoms in the core, e.g. Oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
- Heteroaromatic groups preferably have one or two heteroatoms.
- Carbocyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or aromatic heterocyclic groups which have an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom in the aromatic nucleus are preferred, particularly preferred aromatic carbocyclic groups having six, ten or fourteen
- aromatic groups or of inert groups are monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radicals, the six, ten or fourteen
- Carbon atoms such as phenyl, naphthyl or anthracyl or the corresponding divalent radicals, such as phenylene or naphthylene.
- aromatic groups or of inert groups are monovalent heteroaromatic groups which have four to nine ring carbon atoms and one and / or two ring oxygen, ring nitrogen or ring sulfur atoms, such as pyridine, furan, pyrrole, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole , Pyrimidine, purine, quinoline and isoquinoline or the corresponding divalent radicals derived from these heteroaromatic groups.
- Araliphatic groups or inert groups can be carbocyclic-aromatic groups or heterocyclic-aromatic groups which are bonded to or via an aliphatic chain. Examples of aromatic groups are listed above. These groups are connected to one another at or via an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, which in turn contains heteroatoms in the chain, such as oxygen, nitrogen or Sulfur atoms can have.
- An example of an araliphatic radical is benzyl.
- Substituent X can be a halogen atom and / or a nitro group, a carboxylic acid group or a derivative of a carboxylic acid group, e.g. an ester group or an amide group.
- halogen atoms are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Chlorine is preferred.
- substituent Y at least partially replaces substituent X.
- substituent Y differs from substituent X and is selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group, thiocyanato group and
- Oxycarbonyl examples include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Fluorine is preferred.
- oxycarbonyl groups are radicals of the formula V.
- Ris is a monovalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic radical which is optionally substituted with inert organic or inorganic radicals, for example an alkyl group or an aryl group. Examples of such monovalent radicals are given above listed.
- R-is is preferably methyl or phenyl.
- M (Y) P is a compound which carries the group Y to be introduced into the reaction product of the formula I.
- M can be an alkali metal ion such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium. M can also be an alkaline earth metal ion, such as magnesium, calcium or strontium. M can also be an ammonium ion, such as NH 4 + , NH 3 (R ⁇ 9 ) + , NH 2 (R ⁇ 9 ) 2 + , NH (R ⁇ 9 ) 3 + or N (R 19 ) 4 + ,
- M can also be a phosphonium ion, preferably P (R- ⁇ 9 ) 4 + .
- R 9 can be a monovalent organic group which has one of the meanings listed above.
- R 9 is preferably alkyl having one to six carbon atoms.
- M is preferably lithium, sodium, NH + and very particularly potassium.
- the catalyst used in the process according to the invention is a pyridinium salt of the formula IVa, an imidazolium salt of the formula IVb or a pyrazolium salt of the formula IVc
- radicals R 2 to R, R 8 to R 2 and R 13 to R ⁇ 7 within a molecule can differ within the given definition.
- the radicals R 2 to R 1 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic groups which are optionally substituted with inert organic or inorganic radicals and which can have heteroatoms within the chain or the core.
- R2 to R ⁇ 7 are hydrogen, CrC 6 alkyl, phenyl and oligoether groups of the general formula - [(C X H2 X ) -O] y -R2o, where x is an integer between 1 and 6, preferably between 2 and 4 and y is an integer between 1 and 250, preferably between 1 and 30, in particular between 1 and 10 and R20 is hydrogen or a represents aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic group. Examples of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic groups have already been listed above.
- Preferred catalysts are compounds of the formulas IVa to IVc, in which all of the radicals R 2 to R 1 are hydrogen or some of the radicals, preferably one to three radicals R 2 to R, R 8 to R-
- Further preferred catalysts are compounds of the formulas IVa to IVc, in which at least R 2 , one of the radicals R 9 or R- 12 or one of the radicals R- ⁇ 3 or R ⁇ CI-C ⁇ alkyl, phenyl and oligoether groups of the general formula defined above - [(C x H2 ⁇ ) -0] yR 2 o.
- a q " is any mono-, di- or trivalent anion which is stable under the reaction conditions used.
- the index q is preferably 1 or 2, particularly preferably 1.
- a q are monovalent anions, such as halide anions, for example fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide, pseudohalogen anions, for example thiocyanate, cyanate or cyanide, organic sulfonate anions, for example benzenesulfonate, trifluoromethylsulfonate, toluenesulfonate or bis-trifluoromethanesulfonate sulfanate sulfanate , e.g. octyl sulfate, lauryl sulfate or
- Methoxyethylsulfat Carboxylate anions such as acetate or benzoate; mono- or divalent fluorine-containing complex anions of the general formula [M ' F x Z y ] n " , wherein M ' is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Si, P, Ga, Sb, Sn, Fe, Co and Ni, x is an integer from 1 to 6, y is an integer from 0 to 5, x + y is an integer from 2 to 6 and n is 1 or 2, such as tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate or hexafluoroantimonate, or other monovalent anions, for example trifluoroacetate, nitrate, hydrogen sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, trichlorostannate, trichloroferrate and tetrachloroaluminates; or divalent anions, e.g. B. hydrogen phosphate anions or sulfate an
- a q are monovalent or polyvalent, fluorine-containing anions of the general formula [NFz] q" where N is an element from the group titanium, zirconium, zinc, boron, aluminum, silicon, gallium, phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony and z an Represents a number between 3 and 6.
- Particularly suitable examples of A q " are the anions [BF 4 ] " and [PF 6 ] " .
- a q are aliphatic or aromatic sulfate or sulfonate anions, such as alkyl sulfates, alkoxyalkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkoxyalkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates, such as tosylate.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out by combining the starting materials of the formulas II and III with a catalyst of the formulas IVa, IVb or IVc or else with mixtures of these catalysts.
- Amounts are used or an excess of the compound of formula III is used, e.g. 1-5 moles of the compound of formula III to 1 mole of the compound of formula II.
- the catalyst is generally used in an amount of 0.001 to 100% by weight, based on the amount of compound II in the composition, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably 15 to 30% by weight. %.
- the reactants and the catalyst are preferably used in finely divided form.
- the compound of formula Hl should be in the form of Grains or preferably used as a powder.
- the compound of formula III is preferably ground in a ball mill or is produced by a spray drying process. A large specific surface area of the particles of the compound of formula III generally increases the reaction rate. Preference is given to finely divided compounds of the formula III which have a specific surface area of 0.5 to 1.5 m 2 / g (determined by the BET method).
- the reactants After the reactants have been mixed together, they can be heated to the desired reaction temperature to carry out the exchange reaction.
- the exchange reaction can start at room temperature.
- the reaction mixture is usually heated to temperatures at which at least one of the components melts.
- the choice of reaction temperatures can depend on the nature of the catalyst and the starting materials.
- the reaction can be carried out in a wide temperature range, for example in the range from 0 ° C. to 400 ° C.
- Preferred reaction temperatures are in the range above 120 ° C., particularly preferably between 180 and 250 ° C.
- temperatures above 180 ° C. are preferably used, particularly preferably temperatures between 280 and 350 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent. Preferably no solvent is used.
- solvents are liquids or solids Reaction temperature are liquid and inert and which promote the progress of the reaction.
- solvents are aprotic solvents, preferably aprotic polar solvents.
- solvents are acetone, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, hexamethyl phosphoramide, N, N-dimethylpropyleneurea, nitrobenzoi, benzonitrile, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethyl sulfone.
- the solvent used is an oligoether of the general form
- Me- (0-CH 2 -CH 2 ) v -0-Me where v is a number between 1 and 250, preferably 1 to 30, in particular 1 to 10.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention is the use of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) as a solvent.
- These embodiments of the invention also include the use of
- diglyme is used as the solvent and an aryl sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate and / or alkoxyalkyl sulfate, very particularly preferably toluenesulfonate (tosylate) as the anion A q " .
- Ri is an aromatic group and the radicals R 2 to R- ⁇ 7 are all hydrogen or one to three of these radicals are alkyl groups, in particular one to three oligoether groups, per compound of the formula IVa, IVb or IVc.
- Y is selected from the group consisting of halogen atom and nitro group.
- M is an alkali metal cation
- p is 1
- Y is selected from the group consisting of chloride, cyanide or nitro.
- M (Y) P is used in a finely divided form.
- a method is preferred in which m is 1 or 2, n is 0 or 1 and o is 1 or 2.
- a process in which m is 1, n is 0 and o is 1 is very particularly preferred.
- q is 1.
- X is chloride and Y is fluoride or nitro.
- diethylene glycol dimethyl ether diglyme
- Ri is an aromatic radical and the radicals R 2 to R 1 are all hydrogen or hydrogen and one to three C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups, in particular methyl groups, and / or one to three oligoether groups of the formula defined above, per compound of the formula IVa, IVb or IVc
- M is an alkali metal cation
- Y is fluoride, nitro or cyanide
- the reaction temperature is 180 ° C. or more.
- diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) is used as the solvent
- m is 1 or 2
- Ri is an m-valent phenyl group, an m-valent Naphthalene radical or an m-valent anthracenyl radical
- the radicals R 2 to R- ⁇ are all hydrogen or hydrogen and one to three Ci-C ⁇ alkyl groups, especially methyl groups, and / or one to three oligoether groups of the formula defined above, per compound of formula IVa , IVb or IVc
- M means a potassium or a sodium cation
- X is chloride
- Y is fluoride, nitro or cyanide
- the reaction temperature is 180 ° C or more.
- the reaction product formed can be obtained from the Reaction mixture are separated.
- One method of isolating the reaction product is to extract the reaction mixture with an organic polar aprotic solvent, leaving the M (X) P formed during the reaction.
- M, X and p have the meanings defined above.
- the extracted components can be separated from one another by conventional techniques, for example by distillation. Unreacted starting material of the formula II, the product of the formula I and the catalyst of the formula IVa, IVb or IVc can be separated from one another and the catalyst can be used again in the next reaction sequence. In a distillation process, the compounds of the formulas I and II are removed and the catalyst IVa, IVb or IVc remains as a distillation residue.
- reaction mixture is subjected to flash distillation and the distillation residue is treated with an organic polar aprotic solvent to extract the catalyst of the formula IV and to leave M (X) P as a residue , M, X and p have the meanings defined above.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula IVa, IVb or IVc as a catalyst in the exchange process described above
- , A and q have the meaning defined above.
- the starting compounds of the formulas II and III and catalysts IVa to IVc used are compounds known per se or these can be prepared by processes known per se. Some of these compounds are commercially available.
- TriMMlM 1-triethylene glycol methyl ether-2,3-dimethylimidazolium cation
- TriMIM 1-triethylene glycol methyl ether-3-methylimidazolium cation
- TriDecMIM 1-triethylene glycol methyl ether-2-decyl-3-methylimidazolium cation
- BMIM 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation
- EtEGSO 4 ethoxyethyl sulfate
- MeEGSO 4 ethoxymethyl sulfate
- MeEG 2 SO 4 diethoxymethyl sulfate
- EtEG 3 SO triethoxymethyl sulfate
- BuEG 2 SO 4 diethoxybutyl sulfate
- MeEGSO 3 ethoxymethyl sulfonate
- EtSQ 4 ethyl sulfate
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10227223 | 2002-06-18 | ||
| DE2002127223 DE10227223A1 (de) | 2002-06-18 | 2002-06-18 | Verfahren zur Herstellung substituierter organischer Verbindungen und Verwendung von Katalysatoren für Substitutionsreaktionen |
| PCT/EP2003/006379 WO2003106379A1 (de) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung substituierter organischer verbindungen und verwendung von katalysatoren für substitutionsreaktionen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1517876A1 true EP1517876A1 (de) | 2005-03-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP03732581A Withdrawn EP1517876A1 (de) | 2002-06-18 | 2003-06-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung substituierter organischer verbindungen und verwendung von katalysatoren f r substitutionsreaktione n |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1517876A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003238514A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10227223A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003106379A1 (de) |
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| US8936719B2 (en) | 2006-03-22 | 2015-01-20 | Ultraclean Fuel Pty Ltd. | Process for removing sulphur from liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8013179B2 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2011-09-06 | Protea Biosciences, Inc. | Anionic acid-labile surfactants and methods of use |
| FR2956316A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-17 | 2011-08-19 | Oreal | Composition cosmetique comprenant de l'acide ascorbique |
| US8791251B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2014-07-29 | Protea Biosciences, Inc. | Non-ionic acid-labile surfactants and methods of use |
| EP2768480A1 (de) | 2011-10-21 | 2014-08-27 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verabreichung eines xinafoatsalzes aus n4-(2,2-difluor-4h-benzo-[1,4-]oxazin-3-on)]-6-yl-5-fluor-n2-[3-methylaminocarbonylmethylenoxy-)phenyl-]2,4-pyrimidindiamin |
| US9441169B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-09-13 | Ultraclean Fuel Pty Ltd | Process for removing sulphur compounds from hydrocarbons |
| AU2014231720B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-11-08 | Ultraclean Fuel Limited | Process for removing sulphur compounds from hydrocarbons |
| CN103539772B (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-09-02 | 东莞市凯欣电池材料有限公司 | 一种氟代碳酸乙烯酯的制备方法 |
| TW201609651A (zh) | 2013-11-12 | 2016-03-16 | 陶氏農業科學公司 | 用於氟化化合物之過程(一) |
| BR102014028164A2 (pt) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-09-08 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | processo para fluoração de compostos |
| BR102014028162A2 (pt) | 2013-11-12 | 2015-09-08 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | processo para fluoração de compostos |
| TWI726900B (zh) | 2015-08-04 | 2021-05-11 | 美商陶氏農業科學公司 | 用於氟化化合物之過程 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1987004148A1 (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1987-07-16 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Catalytic method for producing fluoroaromatic compounds using branched alkyl pyridinium salts |
| DE3827436A1 (de) * | 1988-08-12 | 1990-02-15 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zum einfuehren von fluoratomen an aromatische kerne durch nucleophilen austausch |
| US5502235A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-03-26 | Dowelanco | Solventless process for making 2,6 difluorobenzonitrile |
| DE19631854C1 (de) * | 1996-08-07 | 1998-04-30 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fluor enthaltenden Verbindungen |
| RU2164508C1 (ru) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-03-27 | Игумнов Сергей Михайлович | Способ получения полифторароматических соединений |
-
2002
- 2002-06-18 DE DE2002127223 patent/DE10227223A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-06-17 EP EP03732581A patent/EP1517876A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-17 AU AU2003238514A patent/AU2003238514A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-17 WO PCT/EP2003/006379 patent/WO2003106379A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03106379A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10227223A1 (de) | 2004-01-08 |
| WO2003106379A1 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
| AU2003238514A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
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