EP1504820B1 - In einem Erzflotationsverfahren verwendbare Zusammensetzung von Mercaptanen. - Google Patents

In einem Erzflotationsverfahren verwendbare Zusammensetzung von Mercaptanen. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1504820B1
EP1504820B1 EP04291383A EP04291383A EP1504820B1 EP 1504820 B1 EP1504820 B1 EP 1504820B1 EP 04291383 A EP04291383 A EP 04291383A EP 04291383 A EP04291383 A EP 04291383A EP 1504820 B1 EP1504820 B1 EP 1504820B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flotation
composition according
product
ndm
tdm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04291383A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1504820A1 (de
Inventor
Didier Anglerot
Annie Commarieu
Thierry Aubert
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Arkema France SA
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Arkema France SA
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Priority claimed from FR0307180A external-priority patent/FR2855987B1/fr
Application filed by Arkema France SA filed Critical Arkema France SA
Publication of EP1504820A1 publication Critical patent/EP1504820A1/de
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/001Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004Organic compounds
    • B03D1/014Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/001Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004Organic compounds
    • B03D1/008Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/001Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004Organic compounds
    • B03D1/012Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/06Chloridising
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/02Collectors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
    • B03D2203/02Ores
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
    • B03D2203/02Ores
    • B03D2203/025Precious metal ores
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
    • B03D2203/02Ores
    • B03D2203/04Non-sulfide ores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04Obtaining noble metals by wet processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the extraction of metals, and more particularly the flotation of ores, especially ores based on oxides and sulfides. More particularly, it relates to a novel mercaptan-based composition that can be used, in particular, in combination with a flotation agent, and to a process for the recovery, by flotation, of valuable metal compounds.
  • Flotation is a well-known process for extracting a metal from low grade ores by a concentration step. This step is before further processing including heat treatment (also known as smelting) or leaching and refining. This is particularly the case for oxide ores and / or sulphides of lead, zinc, copper, silver, gold, molybdenum and metals belonging to the platinum group: platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium.
  • the ores contain the compounds (such as oxides or sulphides) of the metals to be extracted (or valuable metal compounds), in the form of crystals which are dispersed in a gangue composed of various impurities, in particular siliceous impurities.
  • the ores are, after extraction of the mine, crushed and then milled in a humid environment to give particles of finesse sufficient to release the crystals of the desired compounds.
  • the highly heterogeneous mixture of the crystals of the desired compounds and gangue particles is introduced into water containing appropriate additives, including flotation agents, also called flotation collectors.
  • Air is injected into the aqueous suspension thus obtained, placed in a suitable device (generally a flotation cell), so as to create bubbles which adhere to the crystals of the compounds (such as oxides and / or sulfides) containing the metal. research.
  • the adhesion of bubbles to said crystals is promoted by the action of the agent or flotation agents used.
  • the crystals of the metal compounds then rise to the surface and are recovered in the form of a foam, also called a flotation concentrate.
  • the gangue particles are recovered in the lower part of the flotation cell.
  • the flotation concentrate has a desired metal content which is therefore considerably higher than that of the original ore. This content depends on the initial content of the ore and the selectivity of the flotation process. The amount of metal recovered in the form of flotation concentrate depends on the efficiency of the process.
  • Flotation agents commonly employed in the metal extraction industry include, for example, alkali xanthates of alkyl radicals having less than 6 carbon atoms, particularly potassium ethyl, amyl or isobutyl xanthate, mercaptobenzothiazoles, thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates and dithiophosphates.
  • the flotation concentrates for example in the case of copper, are then introduced, for the heat treatment step (or smelting), in an oven at temperatures that may exceed 1500 ° C.
  • the desired metal is melt-separated from other substances, including impurities from the ore gangue, which must be removed in the form of a slag.
  • French patent application FR 2 371 967 thus discloses the use for obtaining flotation concentrates of a solution of n-dodecyl mercaptan in a polyglycol.
  • this document teaches such use for obtaining flotation concentrates in increased copper content.
  • South African patent ZA 8405787 describes the use as a flotation collector of a solution of tert-dodecyl mercaptan in cresylic acid. This document also describes the application of such collectors for the treatment of copper ores.
  • the object of the invention is to propose such a means, the description of which is given hereinafter.
  • the percentages which are indicated are, in the absence of indications to the contrary, percentages corresponding to contents by weight.
  • N-dodecyl mercaptan is the thiol derivative of the straight chain alkyl radical having 12 carbon atoms of formula nC 12 H 25 -SH. It is a commercially available product.
  • tert-dodecyl mercaptan is meant a mixture of compounds of formula: R-SH (I) wherein R is an alkyl radical having 9 to 15 carbon atoms and having at least one tertiary carbon, which is attached to the SH group.
  • the average number of carbon atoms of the alkyl radical is 12.
  • the content in the mixture of the compound of formula (I) in which R is a dodecyl radical is greater than 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 60% by weight. .
  • Such a mixture is also commercially available, and may be prepared by the process described in patent application EP 0101356.
  • the product (B) is chosen from the group comprising phenols optionally substituted with one or more C 1 -C 4 alkyl radicals, cresols, naphthols, xylenols and indanols, as well as mixtures of these compounds.
  • cresols optionally substituted with one or more C 1 -C 4 alkyl radicals, cresols, naphthols, xylenols and indanols, as well as mixtures of these compounds.
  • cresols cresols, naphthols, xylenols and indanols
  • cresylic acid Such mixtures, in which the compounds are generally present in the form of their different isomers, are referred to herein as "cresylic acid”.
  • composition according to the invention advantageously comprises from 75 to 85% of the combination (A) of NDM and TDM, and from 15 to 25% of the product (B).
  • the product (B) used is cresylic acid.
  • the product (B) used is MIBC or an oligomer of propylene oxide with a molecular mass of between 50 and 2000, preferably between 100 and 800.
  • composition according to the invention is a solution.
  • a composition according to the invention in which the NDM / TDM ratio is close to 1 is particularly advantageous.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a process for the recovery by flotation of valuable metal compounds contained in ores, comprising the introduction into a suitable cell of at least one flotation collector, characterized in that it also comprises introducing into said cell an effective amount of the composition as defined above.
  • a flotation collector or agent a compound selected from alkali xanthates of alkyl radicals having less than 6 carbon atoms, mercaptobenzothiazoles, as well as from alkali thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates and dithiophosphates.
  • a particularly advantageous flotation collector is an alkali xanthate of an alkyl radical having less than 6 carbon atoms or an alkaline dithiophosphate.
  • potassium or sodium ethyl, amyl or isobutyl xanthate as the flotation agent.
  • the amount of composition based on NDM and TDM, as defined above, to be introduced into the process can be easily determined by those skilled in the art from preliminary tests, depending on various parameters such as the desired metal content of the ore.
  • This amount generally corresponds to a weight ratio expressed on the basis of the weight of processed ore of between 2 g / ton and 150 g / ton, preferably between 5 and 50 g / tonne.
  • the ratio of the weight of the composition according to the invention to the total weight of flotation agent can vary within very wide limits, for example between 0.5 and 200%, preferably between 15 and 125%.
  • the process according to the invention may be suitable for the recovery of metal compounds such as oxides and / or sulphides, comprising one or more metals selected from the group containing: lead, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, palladium, osmium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, and platinum. Said method may also be suitable for recovering said metals in the native state.
  • metal compounds such as oxides and / or sulphides, comprising one or more metals selected from the group containing: lead, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, palladium, osmium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, and platinum.
  • Said method may also be suitable for recovering said metals in the native state.
  • the introduction of the composition according to the invention and the flotation collector or collectors can be simultaneous or sequential. Generally we prefer an introduction sequential flotation collector (s), followed by that of the composition based on NDM and TDM, according to the invention.
  • composition according to the invention can be introduced both at the stage of primary flotation and secondary flotation (carried out on the sterile fraction corresponding to the particles settled in the lower part of the cell, during the primary flotation).
  • Example 1 (Reference) Flotation of platinum ore with xanthate and dithiophosphate as flotation agents:
  • This flotation test is carried out on UG2 type platinum sulphide ore from a South African mine in the Rustenburg region with a platinum content of 2.5 ppm.
  • Step 1 Preparation of an aqueous suspension of the ore by grinding and sieving
  • 1150 g of this mineral are mixed with 572 g of water and introduced into a ball mill.
  • the ore is ground for 30 minutes.
  • the suspension is sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.1 mm, and an aqueous suspension A containing 933 g of dry ore, whose particles have a mean diameter (measured by laser particle size) of 40 ⁇ m, is thus recovered.
  • Step 2 Introduction of flotation additives into the aqueous suspension of the ore
  • Step 3 Primary Flotation
  • step 2 After about 1 minute of resting, the mixture obtained in step 2 is floated for 5 minutes at a pH of about 8 in a Wemco type 2.5 liter laboratory cell.
  • This concentrate has a platinum content of 18 ppm (corresponding to the selectivity) and contains 51.2% of the Pt contained in the ore processed (the latter percentage corresponding to the yield).
  • Step 4 Secondary Flotation
  • the sterile fraction corresponding to the settled particles is recovered in the lower part of the flotation cell, to which 13 mg of sodium isobutyl xanthate and 9.7 mg of sodium dithiophosphate are added.
  • the product obtained is floated for 3 minutes under the same conditions as in step 3.
  • the total recovery rate of platinum (or total yield) is 58%.
  • the NDM and TDM used are the products marketed by Atofina.
  • cresylic acid used also comes from the company Studtgers-Oils Tars and Derivatives.
  • step 4 of Reference Example 1 is also repeated by adding 28 mg of the solution of Example 2. 5 g of flotation concentrate with a corresponding platinum content of 10 ppm are recovered. at 1.9% yield.
  • the total yield is therefore 68.3%.
  • Example 4 (Reference) Flotation of platinum ore with xanthate and dithiophosphate as flotation agents:
  • This flotation test is carried out on UG2-type platinum sulphide ore from a South African mine in the Rustenburg region with a platinum content of 2 ppm.
  • Step 1 Preparation of an aqueous suspension of the ore by grinding and sieving
  • Step 2 Introduction of flotation additives into the aqueous suspension of the ore
  • cresylic acid comprising about 25% of a mixture of meta and para cresol, 27% of a mixture of 2,4-xylenol and 2% are added. , 5-xylenol, and about 30% of a mixture of methyl ethyl phenol and propyl ethyl phenol.
  • a cresylic acid is marketed by the Merisol Company.
  • Step 3 Primary Flotation
  • the mixture obtained in step 2 is floated for 5 minutes at a pH of about 8 in a Wemco type 2.5 liter laboratory cell.
  • the volume of the solution is maintained at 2.5 liters by adding water for the duration of the flotation.
  • the mass of concentrate collected by skimming on the surface of the flotation cell is 124 g.
  • the platinum content of said concentrate (corresponding to the selectivity) is 12.2 ppm and the amount of platinum recovered (expressed as a percentage of that contained in the ore treated, corresponding to the yield) is 80%.
  • Example 2 is repeated using as cresylic acid that used in step 2 of Example 4.
  • Reference Example 4 is repeated, introducing in step 2, in addition to the flotation agents, 30 grams (per ton of ore) of the solution prepared according to Example 5.
  • the concentrate mass collected is 88.7 g, for a selectivity of 14 ppm and a yield of 65.9%.
  • Example 2 is repeated, replacing the cresylic acid with a propylene oxide oligomer of average molecular weight 425, sold by Bayer under the name ARCOL® PPG-425.
  • the concentrate mass collected is 115.6 g, for a selectivity of 12.6 ppm and a yield of 76.4%.
  • Example 2 is repeated, replacing the cresylic acid with MIBC.
  • the concentrate mass collected is 104.8 g, for a selectivity of 12.8 ppm and a yield of 70.5%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Claims (11)

  1. Zusammensetzung für die Flotation von Erzen, enthaltend:
    - 70 bis 95% einer Kominbation (A) von n-Dodecylmercaptan (oder NDM) und tert.-Dodecylmercaptan (oder TDM) mit einem NDM/TDM-Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen 0,5 und 1,5 und
    - 5 bis 30% eines Produkts (B) aus einer oder mehreren aromatischen oder aliphatischen Verbindungen mit 4 bis 100 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 5 bis 40, und einer oder oder zwei -OH-Gruppen.
  2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Produkt (B) aus der Gruppe bestehend aus gegebenenfalls durch einen oder mehrere C1-C4-Reste substituierten Phenolen, Kresolen, Naphtholen, Xylenolen, Indanolen sowie Gemischen dieser Verbindungen ausgewählt ist.
  3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Produkt (B) aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
    - einem Propylenoxid-Oligomer mit einem Molekulargewicht zwischen 50 und 2000 und vorzugsweise zwischen 100 und 800 und
    - 2-Methyl-4-pentanol (oder MIBC) ausgewählt ist.
  4. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie 75 bis 85% der Kombination (A) von NDM und TDM und 15 bis 25% des Produkts (B) enthält.
  5. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Produkt (B) Kresylsäure verwendet wird.
  6. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Produkt (B) MIBC oder ein Propylenoxid-Oligomer mit einem Molekulargewicht zwischen 50 und 2000 und vorzugsweise zwischen 100 und 800 verwendet wird.
  7. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich dabei um eine Lösung handelt.
  8. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das NDM/TDM-Verhältnis in der Nähe von 1 liegt.
  9. Verfahren zur Gewinnung von in Erzen vorliegenden Metallwertstoffen durch Flotation, bei dem man in eine geeignete Zelle mindestens einen Flotationssammler einträgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man außerdem in die Zelle eine wirksame Menge der Zusammensetzung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 einträgt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem Flotierungsmittel um ein Alkalixanthat eines Alkylrests mit mindestens 6 Kohlenstoffatomen oder ein Alkalidithiophosphat handelt.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Gewinnung von Platinverbindungen eingesetzt wird.
EP04291383A 2003-06-16 2004-06-03 In einem Erzflotationsverfahren verwendbare Zusammensetzung von Mercaptanen. Expired - Lifetime EP1504820B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0307180A FR2855987B1 (fr) 2003-06-16 2003-06-16 Composition de mercaptans utilisable dans un procede de flottation de minerais
FR0307180 2003-06-16
FR0403696A FR2857278B1 (fr) 2003-06-16 2004-04-08 Compositions de mercaptans utilisables dans un procede de flottation de minerais
FR0403696 2004-04-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1504820A1 EP1504820A1 (de) 2005-02-09
EP1504820B1 true EP1504820B1 (de) 2006-09-20

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EP04291383A Expired - Lifetime EP1504820B1 (de) 2003-06-16 2004-06-03 In einem Erzflotationsverfahren verwendbare Zusammensetzung von Mercaptanen.

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US7014048B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1504820B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100556553C (de)
AT (1) ATE340032T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2004202612B8 (de)
CA (1) CA2470343C (de)
CL (1) CL2004001496A1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004002439D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2857278B1 (de)
MX (1) MXPA04005870A (de)
PE (1) PE20050459A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2346751C2 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200404728B (de)

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US10011564B2 (en) 2015-12-28 2018-07-03 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and methods of making same
US9512248B1 (en) 2015-12-28 2016-12-06 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and use thereof as chain transfer agents
US9512071B1 (en) 2015-12-28 2016-12-06 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and methods of making same
US9505011B1 (en) 2015-12-28 2016-11-29 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and use thereof as mining chemical collectors
CN106423581B (zh) * 2016-11-15 2019-01-11 中南大学 一种铅锑锌硫化矿混合浮选捕收剂、其制备及应用
CN108212538B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2019-04-26 中南大学 一种烃基硫醚基醇类化合物及其制备方法与应用
CN111266195B (zh) * 2020-03-05 2021-09-07 中南大学 一种氧化锌矿浮选组合捕收剂及其应用
CN112774869B (zh) * 2020-12-25 2022-09-16 厦门紫金矿冶技术有限公司 黄铁矿抑制剂及其制备和在铜铅锌多金属硫化矿中的应用
CN113275130A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-08-20 青岛鑫润矿业科技有限公司 一种更廉价的锡石浮选辅助捕收剂
PE20252249A1 (es) 2022-12-21 2025-09-15 Arkema Inc Composiciones de azufre para la flotacion de menas por espuma
WO2025144839A1 (en) 2023-12-27 2025-07-03 Arkema Inc. Polysulfide compositions and methods for separation of ores

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FR2857278B1 (fr) * 2003-06-16 2005-08-26 Atofina Compositions de mercaptans utilisables dans un procede de flottation de minerais

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CN101264467B (zh) * 2007-03-13 2011-04-13 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 辉钼矿浮选起泡剂

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FR2857278B1 (fr) 2005-08-26
US7014048B2 (en) 2006-03-21
CA2470343C (fr) 2011-01-25
MXPA04005870A (es) 2005-06-08
RU2346751C2 (ru) 2009-02-20
DE602004002439D1 (de) 2006-11-02
AU2004202612B8 (en) 2009-12-17
US20050167339A1 (en) 2005-08-04
CN100556553C (zh) 2009-11-04
ZA200404728B (en) 2005-04-26
EP1504820A1 (de) 2005-02-09
AU2004202612A1 (en) 2005-01-06
AU2004202612B2 (en) 2009-08-20
ATE340032T1 (de) 2006-10-15
CN1575854A (zh) 2005-02-09
FR2857278A1 (fr) 2005-01-14
CA2470343A1 (fr) 2004-12-16
CL2004001496A1 (es) 2005-02-25
PE20050459A1 (es) 2005-08-25
RU2004118077A (ru) 2006-02-27

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