Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
  • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
  • F01L1/146—Push-rods
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
  • F01B1/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
  • F01B17/02—Engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/02—Valve drive
  • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
  • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
  • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
  • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
  • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
  • F01L1/182—Centre pivot rocking arms the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
  • F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
  • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
  • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio

Definitions

• the invention relates to a valve distribution in particular for engines and more particularly those supplied with injection of additional compressed air, comprising a compressed air reservoir, and capable of operating in single energy or in dual energy or two or three mode of supply, and in multi-energy.
• the invention is also applicable to conventional heat engines and compressors.
• the distribution of a motor means all of the means for opening and closing conduits for the purpose of admitting and / or discharging the fluids or gases necessary for the operation of the motor or the compressor.
• Distribution systems consist of rocker arms mounted on a fixed axis, one of the ends of which receives the thrust from the control by a rocker arm rod itself controlled by a cam mounted on a shaft driven by the engine crankshaft, and the other end of which actuates by pushing the valve at the opening.
• the ratio of the lever arms thus formed determines the valve lift for a given displacement of the rocker rod.
• the motor unit is equipped with a movable assembly (crank connecting rod system) comprising a device for controlling the movement of the machine piston as described in patent WO 99/20881, the content of which may be referred to, characterized by the fact that the piston is held in its position top dead center during a period of time - therefore over a large angular sector during rotation - allowing to perform at constant volume:
• the piston is controlled by a pressure lever device itself controlled by a crank rod system.
• the top dead center of the piston is effective when substantially the two articulated rods are in the extension of one another (around 180 °).
• the crankshaft is connected by a control rod to the articulation axis of the two arms.
• the positioning of the different elements in space and their dimensions make it possible to modify the characteristics of the kinematics of the assembly.
• the positioning of the stationary end determines an angle between the axis of displacement of the piston and the axis of the two arms when they are aligned.
• the positioning of the crankshaft determines an angle between the control rod and the axis of the two arms when they are aligned.
• the variation of the values of these angles, as well as the lengths of rods and arms makes it possible to determine the angle of rotation of the crankshaft during which the piston is stopped at its top dead center. This corresponds to the duration of the piston stop.
• the entire device is balanced by extending the lower arm beyond its stationary or pivot end, by a mirror pressure lever opposite in direction, symmetrical and identical inertia, to which is fixed, being able to move on an axis parallel to the axis of displacement of the piston, an identical mass of inertia and opposite in direction to that of the piston.
• the product of mass is called inertia by the distance from its center of gravity to the reference point.
• the opposite mass can be a piston functioning normally like the piston which it balances.
• the device according to the invention described in French patent application 01/13798 uses this arrangement characterized in that the axis of the opposite cylinders, and the fixed point of the pressure lever are substantially aligned on the same axis and characterized in that that the axis of the control rod connected to the crankshaft is positioned on the other hand not on the common axis of the articulated arms but on the arm itself between the common axis and the fixed or pivot point. Therefore the lower arm and its symmetry represent a single arm oscillating on a pivot or fixed point, substantially in its center and two axes at each of its free ends connected to the opposed pistons by connecting rods.
• the distribution according to the invention which uses a cam device, rocker rod, rocker arm proposes, on the one hand, to produce a regulator with variable flow, a simplified control without camshaft and its drive (chain belt sprockets) and d on the other hand to regulate the valve lift and the angular duration of said opening of the maximum lift until a zero lift thereby allowing to control the filling and / or emptying flow of the cylinder concerned as well as advantageously replace the throttle valve control.
• the cams for controlling the rocker arms are positioned directly on the flanges of the crankshaft;
• Said cams actuate one or more pressure levers which control the movement of the rocker rods.
• Each rocker arm one end of which receives the control thrust and the other end actuates the valve, pivots about a movable axis which can move between its two ends, thereby changing the ratio of its lever arms which determine the lifting of the valve according to the displacement of the rocker rod.
• the rocker arm substantially represents the shape of an arc of a circle, one end of which actuates the valve and the other end of which is connected to the control rod known as the rocker rod and pivots about a movable axis provided with means allowing it to move in a buttonhole in an arc of a circle, and in a substantially concentric arc of a circle thereby allowing to change the ratio of the lever arms of said rocker arm, defined on either side of the movable axis, which thus determine the valve lift depending on the movement of the control rod.
• the bearing surface of said rocker arm on the valve consists of a circular arc having as its axis the position of the pivot axis of the rocker arm when it is in its extreme minimum opening position close to the valve allowing thus, the rocker arm pivoting on the same axis, to no longer apply pressure to the valve and to keep the valve closed when the rocker arm is tilted.
• the displacement of the rocker arm axis is effected by a fork carrying the movable axis and mounted on the same axis as the arc of the buttonhole of the movable axis and controlled by mechanical, electrical or hydraulic means .
• This control can be linked directly to the vehicle's accelerator pedal, allowing the valve (s) to be lifted progressively and to regulate the quantity of gas admitted into the buffer tank - while maintaining constant pressure - then in the engine cylinders.
• step by step the mechanical controls of the traditional accelerator can be eliminated and an electronic control unit allows, by means of a suitable map, to control for all the parameters chosen.
• valves as a function of the pressure in the storage tank and the pressure in the buffer capacity, the position of the accelerator, the torque requested, the speed sought or others.
• the control of movement of the rocker rods is carried out by a pressure lever made up of two articulated arms whose common end comprises a means of contact bearings or the like which is pushed back by the cam provided on the flange of the crankshaft.
• the distribution according to the invention applies very particularly to compressed air motors. However, it can be used on conventional engines or compressors, just as the control of the rocker rod can be carried out by a camshaft, where the camshaft can directly attack the rocker.
• FIG. 1 schematically represents in cross section an engine equipped with the distribution according to the invention while the valve lift control is at its maximum, at the end of admission during filling.
• FIG. 3 represents a detail of the distribution of the same engine showing in particular the kinematics of the rocker arm in its position of constant closing of the valve.
• FIG. 4 represents a detail of the distribution during admission with a position of half-opening of the valve.
• FIG. 5 represents a distribution detail with an opposite control position.
• FIG. 6 represents a variant of rocker arm according to the invention.
• FIG. 7 schematically represents, seen in cross section, the control device according to the invention adapted to a conventional engine with a camshaft at the head.
• FIG. 8 schematically represents an autonomous regulator device for various applications.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 represent a diagrammatic view in cross section of the architecture of the mobile assembly of an engine equipped with the distribution according to the invention comprising two pistons and cylinders opposed substantially on the same axis XX ′ where one can see the pistons 1 and 1A fitted with their sealing segments 3 and 3A and sliding in their cylinder 4 and 4A, each piston also comprising bosses 8 and 8A making it possible to connect them by an axis, called the piston pin, 9 and 9A to the crank connecting rod system by connecting rods 10 and 10A, itself connected by a common axis 11 and 11A at the two free ends d 'an arm 12 mounted oscillating, substantially at its center and on a fixed axis 12A, located substantially on the axis of the cylinders X, X'; the fixed axis 12A thus divides the arm 12 into two half-arms 12B and 12C.
• a connecting rod 13 for control connected to the crankpin 13A of a crankshaft 14 rotating on its axis 15.
• the control rod 13 exerts a force on the axis 12D, causing the displacement of the oscillating arm 12 thus allowing the displacement of the pistons 1 and 1A along the axis of the cylinders 4,
• the engine shown is equipped with the distribution according to the invention where we can see the control cam 15A formed on the flange 14A of the crankshaft 14 on the periphery of which rolls, on the one hand a control roller 17 of a rod of rocker arm 19 which controls the tilting of a rocker arm 20 about its movable axis 21 which can move in a buttonhole in an arc of a circle 22 formed in the rocker arm when it is actuated by an alternative rotary control 23 of the same radius and same axis as the buttonhole 22.
• This rocker arm opens a valve 24 to allow the opening and closing of the conduit 25 which connects the high pressure storage tank 30 and the end-use buffer capacity 31; a return spring 26 makes it possible to close the valve 24 when it is no longer stressed upon opening by the rocker arm 20.
• a roller 17A mounted on the common axis of a pressure lever consisting of two arms 18 and 18A whose common ends are in the axis of the roller 17 and whose free ends are connected to two rocker rods 19A and 19B which control the rocking of the rocker arms 20A and 20B around their movable axis 21 A which can move in their buttonhole in an arc 22A and 22B formed in the rocker arms when they are actuated by their rotary and alternative control 23A 23B of the same radius and of the same axis as their buttonhole 22A 22B.
• the rocker arms 20A 20B control the opening of the valves 24A and 24B to allow the opening of the conduits 25A 25B and springs 26A 26B allow the conduits 25A 25B to be closed by recalling the valves on their seats when they are no longer stressed on opening by the rocker arms.
• the cam 15A has faded in front of the roller 17 and the springs 26A and 26B remind the valves when closing by pushing back the rocker arms which, pivoting on their movable axis 21 A 21 B push back in the direction of the arrows the rocker rods 19A 19B, the arms 18 18A of the pressure lever and thus allow the cylinder to close during the expansion and exhaust times (the exhaust means not being shown in these figures).
• the cam 15A pushes back the roller 17 which moves in the direction of the arrow the rocker rod 19 which causes the rocker arm to tilt 20 around its movable pivot axis 21 pushing the valve 24 to allow the admission of the compressed air from the high-pressure storage tank 30 through the conduit 25 in the buffer capacity 31 at final use pressure making it possible to maintain in this capacity 31 an almost constant pressure.
• FIG. 3 schematically and in detail represents a rocker arm and its control according to the invention, where the bearing face of the rocker arm 20 on the push rod 26D of the valve stem 24 represents an arc of circle 27 of the same axis as the mobile axis 21 when it is positioned as close as possible to the valve 24; when the rocker arm pivots about its movable axis during the displacement of the rocker rod 19, position shown in dotted lines, the bearing face 27 of the rocker arm circles around the movable axis 21 and does not cause any displacement of the valve 24 thus keeping the duct closed.
• Figure 4 shows in detail elements of the distribution according to the invention where the movable pivot axis 21 is positioned halfway between the point of support of the rocker rod 19 and the actuation point 27 of the rocker arm on the valve 24.
• FIG. 5 shows a variant of a detail of the elements of the distribution according to the invention where the arc formed by the rocker arm 20 and the control 23 of the pivot axis 21 of the rocker arm 20 is opposite the positioning of the valve 24.
• FIG. 6 represents an alternative embodiment of a rocker arm according to the invention where the rocker arm 20 and its buttonhole 22 are rectilinear.
• FIG. 7 represents the distribution according to the invention adapted to a traditional engine where we can see in schematic section a piston 1B sliding in a cylinder 4B, surmounted by a combustion chamber into which a spark plug 29 opens, supplied by an intake duct 25D and a valve 24D actuated by a rocker arm 20D pivoting about a movable axis 21 D positioned in the buttonhole 22D of the rocker arm.
• An overhead camshaft 15D and driven by the half-speed engine of the crankshaft (not shown) in its rotation pushes on the rocker arm 20D which rocking on its movable pivot axis 21 D actuates the valve 24D according to the laws of opening of the affected engine.
• the device according to the invention as seen above authorizes the engine to stop and / or idle to its maximum power by controlling the valve lift by controlling the Tax position pivoting mobile 21 D of rocker 20D.
• FIG. 8 represents a dynamic regulator device with variable flow rate according to the invention where one can see a reservoir of compressed gases 30 connected to a capacity of use 31 of this expanded gas at its pressure of use, by a conduit 25 closed by a valve 24, the opening of which is controlled by a device comprising a camshaft 15D driven by an electric motor 15 E , a rocker arm 20D pivoting about a movable axis 21 whose position which makes it possible to vary the lift of the valve 24 and consequently the flow of compressed air admitted, is controlled by a yoke 23.
• the rocker arm 20D has a button 22, in which the pivot pin 21 is mounted to move; the opposite end to the camshaft 15D of said rocker arm 20D actuates a valve 24 through a pusher 26D.
• the rocker arm 20D pivots about its axis. mobile 21 and opens the valve 24 authorizing the admission of a quantity of compressed air contained in the storage tank 30 in the buffer capacity 31.
• the lifting of the valve 24 will be regulated either to keep the valve closed for a zero flow, or to admit a more or less large quantity of compressed air in the capacity 31 and making it possible to maintain in the latter the desired pressure.
• the speed of rotation of the electric motor 15 E for driving the camshaft 15D will also be taken into account in order to refine the precision of the quantity of compressed air admitted into the buffer capacity 31.
• the means for driving the camshaft 15D, for controlling the yoke 23 may be mechanical, electronic, hydraulic or other without thereby changing the invention described.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
• Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
• Actuator (AREA)
• Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
• Transmission Devices (AREA)
• Supercharger (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
• Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
• Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=28686251

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (20)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (19)

Family Cites Families (16)

• 2002
  • 2002-04-22 FR FR0205010A patent/FR2838769B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
  • 2003-04-22 US US10/512,156 patent/US7296405B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-04-22 WO PCT/FR2003/001265 patent/WO2003089764A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-04-22 EA EA200401412A patent/EA006027B1/ru active IP Right Revival
  • 2003-04-22 CA CA002486227A patent/CA2486227A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-22 PL PL03373005A patent/PL373005A1/xx unknown
  • 2003-04-22 AU AU2003262394A patent/AU2003262394A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-04-22 EP EP03740647A patent/EP1502006A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-04-22 OA OA1200400293A patent/OA13066A/fr unknown
  • 2003-04-22 MX MXPA04010390A patent/MXPA04010390A/es unknown
  • 2003-04-22 JP JP2003586463A patent/JP2005527734A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-04-22 KR KR1020047017044A patent/KR101029350B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-04-22 AP APAP/P/2004/003172A patent/AP2004003172A0/en unknown
  • 2003-04-22 BR BR0309469-3A patent/BR0309469A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2004
  • 2004-10-21 IL IL16477004A patent/IL164770A0/xx unknown
  • 2004-10-22 TN TNP2004000214A patent/TNSN04214A1/fr unknown
  • 2004-11-01 ZA ZA200408815A patent/ZA200408815B/xx unknown
  • 2004-11-02 MA MA27921A patent/MA27199A1/fr unknown
  • 2004-11-02 HR HR20041027A patent/HRP20041027A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-11-17 CO CO04115474A patent/CO5631472A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation

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