Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
  • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
  • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
  • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
  • E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
  • E01F8/0029—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement with porous surfaces, e.g. concrete with porous fillers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
  • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
  • E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
  • E01F8/0047—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement with open cavities, e.g. for covering sunken roads
  • E01F8/0076—Cellular, e.g. as wall facing
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
  • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
  • E04B2001/8414—Sound-absorbing elements with non-planar face, e.g. curved, egg-crate shaped
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
  • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
  • E04B2001/8414—Sound-absorbing elements with non-planar face, e.g. curved, egg-crate shaped
  • E04B2001/8419—Acoustical cones or the like, e.g. for anechoic chambers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a noise barrier. It aims to limit the effects of noise, including noise from various modes of transport (road, rail, airports).
• This noise canceling device can be placed on any type of infrastructure (wall, ceiling, floor, tunnel, building, etc.).
• the absorbent panels are generally in the form of a box in which is placed an absorbent material such as rock wool, clay foam, etc. while the masking panels consist of a hard wall such glass, smooth concrete, etc ...
• the present invention is in the first case, that is to say in the field of absorbent panels.
• the proposed device not only forms a screen for noise but also allows its absorption and reduces the effect of multiple reflections.
• the object of the invention is to improve the performance of a noise barrier wall with absorbent panels by proposing a new geometry consisting inter alia of increasing the interaction surface of the acoustic waves with a partially absorbent material.
• the invention takes place in the context of so-called fractal geometries and "space filling surfaces".
• fractal geometries and "space filling surfaces” we are seeking here to produce such an object in a practical manner which imposes a restriction on the first orders of fractality.
• the invention relates to a device for absorbing noise, in particular road and rail noise, comprising an approximately planar base, elements in relief and / or recessed each comprising at least one recess.
• this base reveals with the elements in relief and / or in hollow a configuration having a fractality in a range of lengths between 1 cm and 50 cm, of fractal dimension greater than 2.5 allowing the localization of certain modes. acoustics in the vicinity of said elements.
• trunks of cones are trunks of cones;
• a cone is an element in relief, the surface of which is generated by a straight line passing through a point, called the vertex, and resting on a curve drawn in a plane not passing through said point.
• trunk of cone a cone whose axis is the straight line connecting its vertex to the center of its base but which is delimited at its upper part by the intersection of the cone with a plane,
• a pyramid is a polyhedron bounded by a flat base in the shape of a polygon and lateral faces made up of triangles leaning on this polygon having a common vertex.
• the surface of such a pyramid is obtained, here, by a straight line passing through a vertex and bearing on a polygonal base, traced in a plane not containing the vertex.
• - trunk of pyramid - a pyramid which has for axis the line connecting its vertex to the center of its base but which is delimited at its upper part by the intersection of the pyramid with a plane, the shape pyramidal being the general outer envelope of these trunks of pyramids.
• the recess is a hollow truncated cone having its axis, the straight line connecting the top of the elements in relief at the center of their base, said truncated cones being open on the side of the upper part of the elements in relief;
• the recess is a hollow truncated cone having an axis parallel to the base of said elements, said truncated cones being open at their ends;
• the elements in relief are made of a sound absorbing material; Theoretically, any material is phonically, partially absorbent. In practice, however, it is customary to classify materials into two categories, respectively non-absorbent and absorbent. A material is said to be non-absorbent when the sound absorption for reflection on a hard wall made of this material is less than approximately 10 "2 .
• the elements in relief are grouped into boxes having a flat base on which the elements in relief are formed;
• the recesses are truncated cones open on the side of the upper part of the base; - a recess and two elements in relief form an elementary mesh;
• the box is formed of a periodic arrangement of the same elementary mesh
• the device consists of several boxes forming a wall, the boxes having their bases parallel to the surface of the wall; - the boxes are arranged randomly with respect to each other;
• the elements in relief are trunks of pyramids and the caissons are grouped in pairs to form a succession of inverted pyramids;
• the device consists of several boxes forming a wall, the boxes having their bases respectively either parallel or perpendicular to the surface of the wall;
• - boxes are associated, from top to bottom, in the following order by designating by A, a box whose base is perpendicular to the surface of the wall and B, a box whose base is parallel to the surface of the wall:
• ABAABA - type A boxes are divided into two categories, respectively, Ai and A 2 perpendicular to each other.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a section along the axis A-A of a box implemented in an embodiment of the invention
• - Figure 3 is a top view of the box of Figure 1;
• FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a box implemented in another embodiment of the invention, formed by a periodic arrangement of the same elementary mesh;
• FIG. 5 shows schematically the elementary mesh used to form the box of Figure 4 (fig. 5a), a sectional view along the axis BB of this mesh (fig. 5b) and a sectional view along the axis CC of said mesh (fig. 5 c);
• FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a panel formed using a set of boxes of Figure 1 having their bases parallel to the surface of the panel;
• FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relative arrangements of boxes to form a wall in some embodiments of the invention;
• the noise absorption device implements the concept of damping of fractal acoustic resonators.
• fractal object is understood here to mean an object whose geometry can be described by a non-integer dimension. This approach aims to achieve a phonically absorbent object having surfaces of maximum area in a given volume, i.e. an object having a surface "filling" space (space filling surface). This is taken in the sense that the total surface included in a sphere of radius R centered on the object varies more quickly when R increases than the square of the radius R.
• Such an object has a very irregular geometry which allows the localization of the modes of waves in the frequency range of sound, near surfaces.
• the noise absorption device therefore comprises an approximately planar base, elements 1 in relief and / or in hollow each comprising at least one recess or notch 2.
• this base reveals with the elements in relief and / or recessed a configuration having a fractal zone of between 1 cm and 50 cm, with a fractal dimension greater than 2.5.
• the device advantageously has variable sizes in the planes parallel to the plane of the base, as a function of their distance from said plane of the base. In a preferred embodiment, these sizes and their variations are at least in irregular parts. We thus produced a fractal object at the first order of approximation.
• the surface of the elements 1 in relief and / or in hollow is generated by a straight line passing through a vertex and bearing on a closed line contained in a plane not passing through said vertex, said elements 1 being truncated in their upper part 3 by a plan.
• the closed line can, for example, constitute a curve or a polygon.
• base 4 the surface circumscribed by the closed line from which the height of the solid element is counted perpendicularly.
• this closed line describes the outline of a kouglof mold, i.e. it comprises a succession of arcs of a circle forming a closed line.
• the elements 1 in relief are trunks of pyramids 1 such as those represented in FIG. 1.
• the trunk of pyramid has a base 4, square, of which two sides 5 and 6 are visible in the diagram in perspective of FIG. 1 and an upper part 3.
• the elements 1 in relief are trunks of cones.
• Each of the elements 1 in relief is hollowed out, so that it comprises a hollow truncated cone 2.
• This frustoconical recess 2 can, in a first embodiment, have the straight line connecting the top of the pyramid to the center of its base 4 as axis 7 or, in a second embodiment, have its axis 7 parallel to the base 4 of the elements 1.
• the trunks of cone 2 are open on the side of the upper part 3 of the trunks of pyramids 1.
• the truncated cones 2 are open at their ends 8.
• the projected surface of the wall is that generally considered and which can be defined as the surface viewed macroscopically from the sound source. This is the area occupied by the device or the wall.
• the developed surface is the sum of all the surfaces, external or internal, of the absorption device in contact with air, that is to say with sound waves.
• this developed surface will, in the case where the elements 1 in relief are trunks of pyramids, the result of the cumulation of the surfaces of the lateral faces of the trunks of pyramids 1 and of the surfaces internal to the trunks of hollow cone 2.
• C ( ⁇ ) 1 for frequencies corresponding to localized modes, and C ( ⁇ )> 1 for frequencies corresponding to localized modes.
• the trunks of pyramids 1 are advantageously combined in boxes 9 which can be used, either directly or by combining several of them, to form a wall.
• the axes 7 of these trunks of pyramids 1 are advantageously parallel to each other and their associated bases 4, so as to form a base 10 of the box 9 which is planar.
• the axis 7 of the trunks of pyramids 1 can be inclined by an angle ⁇ between 0 and 5 ° relative to the normal to the plane passing through the base 4 of the solid elements 1.
• the plane delimiting the upper part 3 of said trunks of pyramids 1 makes an angle ⁇ relative to the plane passing through the base 10 of the box 9.
• This angle ⁇ is advantageously between 2 and 10 °. In a preferred embodiment, this angle ⁇ is equal to 6 °.
• this inclined plane allows a variation in the heights of the elements 1 in relief and thus reinforces the irregularities of the device which allows a widening of the frequency range for which the localization of the wave modes is observed and therefore an over-damping.
• the sizes of the 4 square bases are between 50 and 140 mm.
• the heights of the trunks of pyramids 1 are between 220 and 350 mm.
• a set of 5 ⁇ 5 25 trunks of pyramids 1 each having a square of 90 mm on each side 4 has been produced.
• the height of the trunk of pyramid 1 is 240 mm.
• a spacing of 30 mm is used between each trunk of pyramid 1.
• the elements 1 in relief formed on the flat base 10 of the boxes 9, are separated by recesses 2 made in the base 10 which constitute hollow elements.
• the presence of these recesses improves the absorption capacity of the device by advantageously increasing the developed surface of the box 9 compared to its projected surface.
• These recesses 2 are, for example, truncated cones open on the side of the upper part of the base 10.
• the box 9 can also be formed by a periodic arrangement of the same elementary mesh 14.
• FIG. 4 shows such a arrangement, in a preferred embodiment, offering both a high absorption power and an easy formwork during manufacture.
• the ratio of the developed surface to the projected surface is of the order of 10.
• FIG. 5 schematically shows the elementary mesh 14 in top view (fig. 5 a) used to obtain the periodic arrangement of the box 9 of Figure 4.
• This elementary mesh 14 has in the upper plane 15 of the base 10 a surface square which comprises a first square 16 on the side of length a comprising the base 17 open with a recess in the form of a truncated cone 18 with a circular base 17.
• the elementary mesh 14 also comprises in this upper plane 15, a second square 19 of side of length b with b ⁇ a, and the rectangular bases 20-21 of two elements 1 in relief, these elements 1 being trunks of pyramids.
• Each of the elements 1 in relief is hollowed out, so that it comprises a hollow truncated cone 2.
• FIG. 6 represents an embodiment of a "type 1 wall” 11 using a set of boxes 9 having their bases 10 parallel to the surface of the "type 1 wall" 11.
• type 1 wall 11 means a rigid quadrangular flat part comprising a limited number of boxes, advantageously 35. These “type 1 walls” 11 can be mounted alone to constitute a noise barrier or come to be fixed on a support preexisting (tunnels, curbs of motorways, ).
• the boxes 9 can be arranged randomly with respect to each other.
• the boxes 9 are grouped in pairs, so as to form a succession of inverted pyramids.
• FIG. 7 represents an optimized embodiment of a "type 2 wall" 12 using a set of boxes 9. This wall can be viewed as a fractal object in the second order of approximation.
• This "type 2 wall” 12 is approximately perpendicular to the roadway 13. It is formed by the association of boxes 9 classified into two categories, boxes A designated by 9A whose planar base is perpendicular to the general plane of wall 12, that is to say for example parallel or perpendicular to the roadway 13, and the elements 9B which are perpendicular to the elements 9A-
• the extreme elements at the top and bottom of the wall are preferably elements of type A, elements of type A and type B are advantageously grouped according to the succession A, B, A, A, B, A.
• the intermediate pattern AAB being repeated as many times as necessary to cover the entire height of the wall depending on the size of the boxes 9.
• one of the sizes of the base 9 of the% boxes which will be called for example their width, is half of the other of their sizes, their length.
• the boxes 9 of type A are divided into two categories, respectively, Ai and A 2 perpendicular to each other.
• Ai and A 2 perpendicular to each other.
• concrete-wood is the material produced with wood chips linked together by a cement matrix.
• the wood material used is of the Spruce or Douglas fir type which has advantageously undergone a rot-proofing treatment.
• approximately 410 kg of cement are usually used.
• the proportion of the number of wood chips per relative to the amount of cement used to make the cement matrix is suitable for modifying the average dimensions of the voids created in the concrete and thus increasing the absorption power of the absorbent material.
• Porous concrete, concrete comprising expanded clay balls or any other cellular absorbent material can also be used.
• the device according to the invention is covered with a sound-absorbing material.
• a wall 12 intended for absorbing the noise produced on only one of its sides. It could be useful to provide an absorbent device on its two faces, which would in particular make it possible to reduce the noises reflected by buildings by multiple diffraction or reflections, in the vicinity of a road.
• the wall 12 will be produced by association of caissons 9 facing the road on the one hand, towards the buildings on the other hand.
• This noise absorption device can advantageously be implemented to limit noise pollution from various modes of transport (road, rail). It can be placed on any type of infrastructure (wall, ceiling, floor, tunnel, building, .
• This noise absorption device is advantageously anti-tag.

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• 2002
  • 2002-03-19 FR FR0203404A patent/FR2837508B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
  • 2003-03-19 WO PCT/FR2003/000881 patent/WO2003078740A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2003-03-19 CA CA2478579A patent/CA2478579C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-03-19 US US10/508,119 patent/US7308965B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-03-19 EP EP03738179.5A patent/EP1488043B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

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