EP1476921B1 - Dispositif pour emettre et recevoir du rayonnement electromagnetique - Google Patents

Dispositif pour emettre et recevoir du rayonnement electromagnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1476921B1
EP1476921B1 EP02776752A EP02776752A EP1476921B1 EP 1476921 B1 EP1476921 B1 EP 1476921B1 EP 02776752 A EP02776752 A EP 02776752A EP 02776752 A EP02776752 A EP 02776752A EP 1476921 B1 EP1476921 B1 EP 1476921B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antennas
straight line
transmitting
antenna
receiving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02776752A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1476921A1 (fr
Inventor
Armin Himmelstoss
Klaus-Dieter Miosga
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1476921A1 publication Critical patent/EP1476921A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1476921B1 publication Critical patent/EP1476921B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation, which has separate antennas for transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic radiation and in which the antenna lobes of the transmitting and receiving antennas are focused by means of a common focusing means.
  • a motor vehicle radar sensor which comprises an antenna arrangement consisting of a focusing means and at least two first antenna feeds, which are arranged along a first straight line and form a first series of antenna feeds, wherein at least one further antenna feed is present, which is arranged so that at least one further row of antenna feeds is formed along a further straight line, this further row being congruent to the first row by a rotation about an assumed fulcrum M.
  • This system provides multiple monostatic antenna feeds, each used for both transmission and reception.
  • an antenna arrangement which has a multiplicity of planar transmitting antenna elements and a multiplicity of planar receiving antenna elements as well as a transmission selection device, by means of which at least one transmitting antenna can be selected for transmission as well as a reception selection device, by means of which at least a receiving antenna is selected for reception.
  • the transmitting or receiving antenna elements are in this case arranged in the form of a rectangular array, wherein the transmitting elements are arranged in one half and the receiving elements in the other half of the array.
  • an antenna device for a satellite transmission in which electromagnetic radiation is radiated with a centrally arranged antenna in a first frequency band. Furthermore, with a first antenna array positioned around the centrally located antenna, electromagnetic radiation is received in a second frequency band and with a second antenna array also positioned around the centrally located antenna so that the antenna elements of the second antenna array in the interspaces of the antenna array Antenna elements of the first antenna array are and operated in a third frequency band.
  • DE 197 31 085 A1 discloses a device for transmitting and receiving radar waves, in particular for a distance sensor.
  • at least one antenna element is provided to which signals to be transmitted can be supplied and received signals can be removed, wherein the antenna elements are designed to transmit circularly polarized radar waves.
  • the signals to be transmitted are supplied to at least one side of the antenna element so that they are emitted in a first polarization plane.
  • the received signals are picked up by the antenna element at a second polarization plane, which is orthogonal to the first plane of polarization.
  • This system is also a monostatic transmitting and receiving system.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation, in particular for use in a motor vehicle radar system, in which the largest possible part of the oscillator power can be emitted as transmission power and in which a high selectivity with respect to the detected Objects is achieved and these conditions can still be achieved by means of a compact structure with simple structures. According to the invention this is achieved by the features of the independent claim.
  • the common focusing means is that the antenna lobes of the transmitting and receiving antennas focus around a dielectric lens.
  • a dielectric lens is inexpensive and compact to manufacture and is characterized by excellent Strahlbündelungs 1957.
  • the antennas are designed as patch antennas. Patch antennas are very small and inexpensive to implement and have a good directional characteristics.
  • each transmitting antenna are assigned at least two receiving antennas. This makes it possible to build a transmitting and receiving system, which has a very simple line structures on the one hand and on the other offers the possibility to perform an angular resolution in the azimuthal direction.
  • each receiving antenna is connected to a separate mixer, to which a transmission signal is fed, which is coupled out by means of a line coupler from the transmitting antenna feed line.
  • Mixers and line couplers can be implemented particularly cost-effectively and simply by this design, whereby nevertheless a high signal quality is achieved.
  • the receiving antennas are arranged substantially on a first straight line.
  • this first straight line is arranged horizontally, an azimuthal angle evaluation is possible.
  • this device when using this device in a motor vehicle radar, it is of particular interest to be able to assign the objects detected by the electromagnetic radiation to an azimuth angle. In this use of the device according to the invention, it is rather of secondary importance to associate the detected objects with an elevation angle.
  • the transmitting antennas are arranged substantially on a second straight line, the is parallel to the first straight line on which the receiving antennas are arranged.
  • the transmission antennas radiate the transmission power at the same time.
  • the first straight line on which the receiving antennas are arranged and the second straight line on which the transmitting antennas are arranged are not identical.
  • a further advantage is that two transmitting antennas and four receiving antennas are provided. This makes it possible to design the supply line from the oscillator to the transmitting antennas so that the transmission power can be supplied by means of an easily manageable and easily manageable 3dB power divider both transmit antennas each have the same transmission power. In order to perform a reliable phase evaluation of the received electromagnetic radiation, it is desirable to provide more than three receiving antennas. Due to the symmetrical design of the transmitting antennas, it is further desirable to provide an even number of receiving antennas. These two conditions are optimally achieved by means of four receiving antennas.
  • a first part of the transmitting antennas are arranged on a second straight line and a second part of the transmitting antennas on a third straight line, wherein the second straight line and the third straight line are arranged parallel to the first straight line on which the receiving antennas are arranged are and the second straight line and the third straight line are arranged at the same distance on both sides of the first straight line.
  • the symmetrical arrangement of the transmitting antennas with respect to the receiving antennas results in a common directional diagram for the transmitting and receiving antennas, which is also symmetrical in the vertical direction, that is perpendicular to the straight lines on which the antennas are arranged. This avoids “squinting" of the antennas in the vertical direction, since the "squint errors" of the transmit antennas on the second straight line and the transmit antennas on the third straight line that arises with respect to the offset receive antennas are canceled out.
  • FIG 1 the front view of an exemplary device is shown.
  • the focusing means 1 which is designed in this example as a dielectric lens and is shown in a circle.
  • This focussing means hides the further transmitting and receiving arrangement, which consists essentially of antennas, lines and mixers.
  • An oscillator 2 generates electrical signals which are transmitted via the transmitting antennas 4.
  • This oscillator 2 can be designed in different variants.
  • this oscillator 2 generates, for example, a pulse signal or generates a continuous wave signal or advantageously a frequency-modulated continuous wave signal. Combinations of different types of modulation are also conceivable here.
  • the output signal of the oscillator 2 is divided in a power divider 3 on several transmission lines.
  • the same signal amplitude is supplied to the different transmission feed lines, so that the individual antennas 4 emit as much as possible with the same signal power.
  • these transmission antennas lie on a common straight line 9, which in Figure 1 is executed as a double-dotted line.
  • a further straight line 8 which is executed in Figure 1 as a single-dotted line and which is arranged parallel to the straight line 9, the receiving antennas 5 are arranged.
  • transmitting antennas 4 and receiving antennas 5 are designed as patch antennas.
  • Figure 1 shows an advantageous arrangement of the transmitting antennas 4 and the receiving antennas 5 on two mutually different lines 8, 9 resulting in a special space savings.
  • the electromagnetic radiation received by the receiving antennas 5 is output to a mixer 6 at the antenna output, respectively.
  • This mixer 6 is advantageously carried out in microstrip technology, whereby it can be produced particularly inexpensively.
  • the reception mixers 6 further receive an input signal substantially corresponding to the transmission signal supplied to the transmission antennas 4.
  • line couplers 7 are arranged on the transmission antenna feed line, which decouple a part of the transmission power and feed the reception mixer 6.
  • the transmission signal which substantially corresponds to the output signal of the oscillator 2
  • This intermediate frequency signal is taken from the output of the receiving mixer 6 and fed to further processing of a signal processing device 14, which is not shown in the figures.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the device according to the invention.
  • This side view represents the same object from a different perspective, which has been described in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 again shows the focusing means 1, which in the example described is designed as a dielectric lens.
  • the symmetry axis of the focusing means 1, the at the same time forms the optical axis of the focusing means 1 is shown by the straight line 10.
  • an antenna carrier 11 is arranged at a distance of approximately the focal length of the focusing means 1.
  • This antenna carrier is advantageously a printed circuit board, which carries other circuit elements in addition to the transmitting and receiving antennas 4, 5, such as the mixer 6, the line coupler 7, the power divider 3 and the antenna feeders.
  • the transmitting antenna 4 and the receiving antenna 5 have been shown in FIG. 2 on the antenna carrier 11.
  • the two straight lines 8, 9 can be seen in FIG. 2, along which the receiving antennas 5 or the transmitting antennas 4 are arranged.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the receiving antennas 5 are arranged essentially on a common first straight line 8. Since, in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the directional diagram of the transmitting antennas 4 and that of the receiving antennas 5 are not exactly aligned in the vertical direction, the antenna arrangement is squinted due to the displacement of the first and second straight lines 8, 9 because the main radiation directions the transmission and reception characteristics are slightly shifted. Since, by means of the present invention, essentially horizontal angular resolutions are to be measured, however, this is of subordinate importance. The arrangement according to FIG. 3 also prevents this squinting. For this purpose, the receiving antennas are arranged substantially on the first straight line 8. Approximately on a second straight line 9, which is shown in FIG.
  • a second part of the transmitting antennae 4 is essentially located on one third straight line 12, that in FIG. 3 is shown as a triple dotted line.
  • This third straight line 12 is likewise aligned parallel to the first straight line 8 and is located at the same distance 13 from the first straight line 8 as the second straight line 9 from the first straight line 8.
  • the first part of the transmitting antenna 4 switches on the second straight line 8 into exactly the same
  • the common directional characteristic of all the transmitting antennas 4 is therefore aligned exactly with the directional characteristic of the receiving antennas, since the two partial errors pointing in opposite directions are leveled the squint errors of the first and second Part of the transmit antennas 4 cancel each other out.
  • the leads of the antennas 4 and 5, the mixer 6 and the line coupler 7 and power divider 3 are of course also provided in this embodiment in an analogous manner as in Figure 1, but was omitted their representation in Figure 3 for reasons of clarity.
  • the device according to the invention which comprises the focusing means 1 and the illustrated antenna arrangement, which is advantageously mounted on an antenna support or a printed circuit board 11, is advantageously accommodated in a housing which simultaneously fixes the device parts. Furthermore, a device for signal processing 14 is provided in this housing, which further processes the intermediate frequency signals of the outputs of the mixer 6 and used for example for operating an adaptive distance and speed control in a motor vehicle.
  • an apparatus for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation is provided in a radar sensor for adaptive cruise control of a motor vehicle, as claimed in claim 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif pour émettre et recevoir un rayonnement électromagnétique dans un détecteur à radar pour une régularisation adaptative de la vitesse de circulation d'un véhicule automobile, dans lequel pour émettre et recevoir le rayonnement électromagnétique, il est prévu des antennes séparées (4, 5) dont les lobes de rayonnement sont focalisés par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen (1) de focalisation commun, les antennes de réception (5) étant disposées sur une première droite (8), tandis qu'une première partie des antennes d'émission (4) sont disposées sur une deuxième droite (9) et une seconde partie des antennes d'émission (4) sont disposées sur une troisième droite (12), la deuxième et la troisième droite (9, 12) étant parallèles à la première droite (8) sur lesquelles se trouvent les antennes de réception (5),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la deuxième droite (9) et la troisième droite (12) sont disposées de part et d'autre de la première droite (8) et à la même distance (13) de celle-ci, chaque antenne de réception (5) étant reliée à un mélangeur propre séparé (6) auquel est envoyé un signal d'émission qui par un coupleur de lignes (7) séparé est désaccouplé de la ligne d'alimentation de l'antenne d'émission.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le moyen commun (1) de focalisation est une lentille diélectrique.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les antennes (4,5) sont des antennes raccordées.
  4. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    au moins deux antennes de réception (5) sont associées à chaque antenne d'émission (4).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les antennes d'émission (4) sont disposées essentiellement sur une deuxième droite (9) parallèle à la première droite (8) sur laquelle se trouvent les antennes de réception (5).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la première droite (8) sur laquelle se trouvent les antennes de réception (5) n'est pas identique à la deuxième droite (9) sur laquelle se trouvent les antennes d'émission (4).
  7. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    il est prévu deux antennes d'émission (4) et quatre antennes de réception (5).
EP02776752A 2002-02-09 2002-09-27 Dispositif pour emettre et recevoir du rayonnement electromagnetique Expired - Lifetime EP1476921B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10205379 2002-02-09
DE10205379A DE10205379A1 (de) 2002-02-09 2002-02-09 Vorrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen elektromagnetischer Strahlung
PCT/DE2002/003696 WO2003067709A1 (fr) 2002-02-09 2002-09-27 Dispositif pour emettre et recevoir du rayonnement electromagnetique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1476921A1 EP1476921A1 (fr) 2004-11-17
EP1476921B1 true EP1476921B1 (fr) 2007-04-18

Family

ID=27618495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02776752A Expired - Lifetime EP1476921B1 (fr) 2002-02-09 2002-09-27 Dispositif pour emettre et recevoir du rayonnement electromagnetique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7259723B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1476921B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4118815B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE10205379A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003067709A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007061738A1 (de) 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenne, insbesondere für Radarsignale sowie Verfahren und Verwendung

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004030755A1 (de) * 2004-06-25 2006-01-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Radarsensor
DE102004053419A1 (de) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antennenanordnung
CN1918746B (zh) * 2004-11-15 2012-05-23 安立股份有限公司 圆极化天线以及使用该天线的雷达设备
JP4704924B2 (ja) 2006-01-26 2011-06-22 株式会社クボタ 乗用型草刈機
DE102007058236A1 (de) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bistatische Arrayantenne sowie Verfahren
DE102009047561A1 (de) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenneneinrichtung für eine Radarsensorvorrichtung
US9203149B2 (en) 2010-02-15 2015-12-01 Bae Systems Plc Antenna system
US8854257B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2014-10-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Conformal array, luneburg lens antenna system
KR102063826B1 (ko) * 2014-01-23 2020-01-08 엘지이노텍 주식회사 레이더 시스템의 안테나 장치
TWI568079B (zh) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-21 緯創資通股份有限公司 天線陣列

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JPS6018004A (ja) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-30 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 周波数共用アンテナ
US5041840A (en) * 1987-04-13 1991-08-20 Frank Cipolla Multiple frequency antenna feed
JPH1093321A (ja) * 1996-09-18 1998-04-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd アンテナ装置
DE19719764A1 (de) 1997-05-10 1998-11-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsensor
DE19731085A1 (de) 1997-07-19 1999-01-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen von Radarwellen, insbesondere für einen Abstandssensor
US6184838B1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2001-02-06 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenna configuration for low and medium earth orbit satellites
DE19859002A1 (de) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zum gerichteten Abstrahlen und/oder Aufnehmen elektromagnetischer Strahlung
DE69907384T2 (de) * 1998-12-24 2004-02-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo Antenne mit beweglichem Radiator und dielektrischer Linse
US6175333B1 (en) * 1999-06-24 2001-01-16 Nortel Networks Corporation Dual band antenna
EP1236245B1 (fr) * 1999-11-18 2008-05-28 Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. Antenne multifaisceau
FR2810164A1 (fr) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-14 Thomson Multimedia Sa Perfectionnement aux antennes source d'emission/reception d'ondes electromagnetiques pour systemes de telecommunications par satellite

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007061738A1 (de) 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenne, insbesondere für Radarsignale sowie Verfahren und Verwendung
WO2009080387A1 (fr) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenne, en particulier pour des signaux radar, ainsi que son procédé et son utilisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4118815B2 (ja) 2008-07-16
DE50210003D1 (de) 2007-05-31
DE10205379A1 (de) 2003-08-21
US20050128144A1 (en) 2005-06-16
EP1476921A1 (fr) 2004-11-17
WO2003067709A1 (fr) 2003-08-14
US7259723B2 (en) 2007-08-21
JP2005517335A (ja) 2005-06-09

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