EP2862235B1 - Système d'antenne et procédé - Google Patents

Système d'antenne et procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2862235B1
EP2862235B1 EP13718328.1A EP13718328A EP2862235B1 EP 2862235 B1 EP2862235 B1 EP 2862235B1 EP 13718328 A EP13718328 A EP 13718328A EP 2862235 B1 EP2862235 B1 EP 2862235B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
feed
signal
antenna element
antenna arrangement
Prior art date
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Active
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EP13718328.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2862235A1 (fr
Inventor
Ali Topak
Juergen Hasch
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna arrangement, in particular Traveling Wave antenna arrangement, with adjustable radiation characteristic.
  • the present invention further relates to a method of operating an antenna arrangement.
  • radio antennas are mounted on radio towers of the mobile service providers, each covering a specific area of the supplied by the respective radio tower radio cell.
  • three antennas may be provided, each of which has an opening angle of about 120 °.
  • Phased array antennas are known in which the antenna pattern is electronically pivotable.
  • Phased array antennas consist of a plurality of transmitting elements (array), which are fed from a common signal source.
  • the individual transmission elements of the phased array antenna are driven with a suitably phase-shifted signal.
  • the individual emitted electromagnetic waves in the desired direction interfere with a constructive interference and thus form a maximum of radiated energy in the desired direction.
  • phased array antennas have a phase shifter and an attenuator for individually adjusting phase and amplitude for each of the transmitting elements.
  • FIG Fig. 1 An exemplary phased array antenna is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
  • the phased array antenna of Fig. 1 has 4 transmission elements S1 - S4, which are each coupled to a common signal source FN (also called Feed Network). Between the signal source FN and the individual transmission elements is in each case an attenuator V1 - V4 and a series arranged in phase shifter P1 - P4 arranged.
  • FN also called Feed Network
  • An antenna suitable for use in radar applications for example, in the DE102010040793 (A1 ).
  • US 6,320,542 discloses a patch antenna with patch elements. Each patch element of this patch antenna has two separate connection points, which can be used to feed the respective patch element.
  • WO 2007/004932 A1 and JP 2005 020368 A Each show Traveling Wave antenna arrangements with two connection points which are fed by different signals.
  • the present invention discloses an antenna arrangement with the features of patent claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 8.
  • the idea underlying the present invention is now to take this knowledge into account and to provide a possibility to feed a single antenna with two feed signals, which are adapted such that the superimposition of the two electromagnetic waves caused by the feed signals is a desired one Property, eg has a directivity.
  • the present invention provides a signal generating unit which generates an infeed signal, which is supplied to two individual feed-in points of an antenna element.
  • the present invention further provides a signal conditioning unit which adjusts the feed signal for at least one of the two feed points so that a desired antenna pattern results from the radiated electromagnetic waves.
  • the signal conditioning unit adjusts the amplitude and phase of the feed signal supplied to one of the feed terminals.
  • the area in which the electromagnetic waves are emitted usually can not be limited exactly. Rather, it is a maximum of electrical energy in the given direction transmitted. Therefore, depending on the setting of the amplitude and phase of the drive signals fed at the feeding points of the antenna element, the direction and width of the main antenna lobe can be adjusted by the present invention.
  • adjustment of the direction and width of the main antenna lobe can take place with only one signal adaptation unit, which only adapts the feed signal which is fed to one of the two feed points.
  • the present invention provides a way to provide an antenna device with an antenna pattern that is extremely robust to amplitude and phase errors of the feed-in signals.
  • the antenna element has an array antenna which has one of the feed terminals at each end. This makes it possible to provide a somewhat complex and easy-to-manufacture antenna element with which a desired antenna diagram can be set.
  • the array antenna comprises a waveguide antenna. Additionally or alternatively, the array antenna has a microstrip antenna. This makes it possible to adapt the present invention to different applications and requirements.
  • the feed signal has a frequency adapted to the antenna element such that an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna element has a predetermined emission characteristic. This makes it possible to predetermine a desired directional characteristic of the main antenna lobe in the antenna arrangement according to the invention already by the geometry of the antenna element and a feed signal tuned thereto without the signal conditioning unit having to change the signal.
  • the at least one signal adaptation unit is configured to adjust the amplitude and / or the phase of the feed signal in such a way that the waves produced by the feed signal fed in at the first feed connection and at the second feed connection and radiated from the antenna element are superimposed such that a superposed wave emitted by the antenna element has the predetermined changed emission characteristic.
  • the signal conditioning unit has an adjustable phase shifter. This makes it possible to provide a simple, component-based signal conditioning unit.
  • the signal conditioning unit comprises an adjustable amplifier. This also makes it possible to provide a simple, component-based signal conditioning unit.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 has an antenna element 2 which has a first feed connection 3 at one end and a second feed connection 4 at its other end. Furthermore, the antenna arrangement 1 has a signal generation unit 5, which is directly coupled to the first feed connection 3. The signal generation unit 5 is coupled to the second feed connection 4 indirectly via a signal adaptation unit 6, which is designed to adapt the amplitude and / or the phase of the corresponding feed signal in accordance with a predetermined emission characteristic.
  • Fig. 2 So is a dual-powered antenna element 2, which is fed from both sides simultaneously.
  • This can be, for example, a linear array antenna. Further exemplary embodiments of the antenna arrangement 1 are described in FIGS FIGS. 4 to 6 shown.
  • Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • an infeed signal is generated. Furthermore, in a second step S2, the feed-in signal is fed to a first feed connection 3 of an antenna element 2 of the antenna arrangement 1 and to a second feed connection 4 of the antenna element 2 of the antenna arrangement 1. In this case, however, an adapted feed signal is fed to at least one of the feed terminals 3, 4.
  • This adapted feed-in signal is adapted in a third step S3 by adjusting the amplitude and / or the phase of the feed-in signal in accordance with a predetermined emission characteristic.
  • Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of another exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 in Fig. 4 largely corresponds to the antenna arrangement 1 Fig. 2 ,
  • the antenna arrangement 1 from Fig. 4 differs from the antenna arrangement 1 Fig. 2 merely in that the antenna element 2 is designed as a waveguide antenna element 2-1 with only one antenna column, and that the signal adaptation unit 6 has an adjustable phase shifter 7 and an adjustable amplifier 8.
  • Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of another exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 in Fig. 5 largely corresponds to the antenna arrangement 1 Fig. 4 ,
  • the antenna arrangement 1 from Fig. 5 differs from the antenna arrangement 1 Fig. 4 merely in that the antenna element 2 is designed as a patch array antenna 2-2 with only one antenna gap.
  • Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of another exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 in Fig. 6 largely corresponds to the antenna arrangement 1 Fig. 4 ,
  • the antenna arrangement 1 from Fig. 6 differs from the antenna arrangement 1 Fig. 4 merely in that the antenna element 2 is designed as a patch array antenna 2-3 with four antenna columns 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4.
  • Fig. 7 shows an antenna diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the antenna diagram of the Fig. 7 the antenna diagram of a dual-powered antenna element 2, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 according to the invention in a destructive superposition.
  • the antenna diagram of the Fig. 7 is drawn on the abscissa axis of the beam angle theta from -100 ° to + 100 °. Furthermore, the antenna gain in dBi from -40dBi to + 15dBi is plotted on the ordinate axis.
  • a curve is drawn, which shows half-sinusoidal waves between -90 ° and + 90 ° and represents the antenna gain.
  • the destructive interference of the two signals becomes particularly clear at an angle of 0 °.
  • the curve drops to about -38dBi.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further antenna diagram of another exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention.
  • the antenna diagram of the Fig. 8 in contrast to the Fig. 7 the antenna diagram of a dual-powered antenna element 2, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 according to the invention in a constructive overlay.
  • Fig. 8 In the antenna diagram of the Fig. 8 is as well as in Fig. 7 drawn on the abscissa axis of the beam angle theta from -100 ° to + 100 °. Furthermore, the antenna gain in dBi from -40 to +20 is plotted on the ordinate axis.
  • each half-sinusoidal waves pointing between -90 ° and + 90 ° and represents the antenna gain.
  • the constructive interference of the two signals becomes particularly clear at an angle of 0 °.
  • the curve shows a maximum of about 17dBi.
  • Fig. 9 shows a further antenna diagram of another exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention.
  • the antenna diagram of the Fig. 9 corresponds to the antenna diagram of an antenna element according to Fig. 5 .
  • the antenna diagram of the Fig. 9 is drawn on the abscissa axis of the beam angle of - 90 ° to + 90 °. Furthermore, the antenna gain in dBi from -30dBi to + 15dBi is plotted on the ordinate axis.
  • the first feed signal for the first signal curve S1 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the second feed signal for the first signal curve S1 has an amplitude of 0.2 volts and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the first feed signal for the second signal curve S2 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the second feed signal for the second signal curve S2 has an amplitude of 0 volts and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the first feed signal for the third signal curve S3 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the second feed signal for the third signal curve S3 has an amplitude of 0.4 volts and a phase angle of 150 °.
  • the first feed signal for the fourth signal curve S4 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the second feed signal for the fourth signal curve S4 has an amplitude of 0.6 volts and a phase angle of 180 °.
  • the first feed signal for the fifth signal curve S5 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the second feed signal for the fifth signal curve S5 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 180 °.
  • the first feed signal for the sixth signal curve S6 has an amplitude of 0.6 volts and a phase angle of 180 °.
  • the second feed signal for the sixth signal curve S6 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the first feed signal for the seventh signal curve S7 has an amplitude of 0.4 volts and a phase angle of 150 °.
  • the second feed signal for the seventh signal curve S7 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the first feed signal for the eighth signal curve S8 has an amplitude of 0 volts and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the second feed signal for the eighth signal curve S8 has an amplitude of 1 volt and a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the maximum of the first curve S1 is about -10 °.
  • the maximum of the second curve S2 is about -8 °.
  • the maximum of the third curve S3 is about -6 °.
  • the maximum of the fourth curve S4 is about -3 °.
  • the maximum of the fifth curve S5 is about + 3 °.
  • the maximum of the sixth curve S6 is approximately + 6 °.
  • the maximum of the seventh curve S7 is approximately + 8 °.
  • the maximum of the eighth curve S8 is about 10 °.
  • Fig. 10 shows the configuration of an exemplary embodiment of an antenna element 2 according to the invention for further illustrating the Fig. 9 presented analytical model.
  • the antenna element 2 in Fig. 10 has ten arranged in a row transmitting elements 10, which are electrically connected to each other. For reasons of clarity, only one of the transmitting elements 10 is provided with a reference numeral. Furthermore, the antenna element 2 in Fig. 10 a first feed terminal 3 at the right end of the antenna element 2 and a second feed terminal 4 at the left end of the antenna element 2. In Fig. 10 Furthermore, the distance d is drawn in, which marks the distance between two the centers of two transmitting elements 10.
  • Fig. 10 a coordinate cross is drawn, wherein the abscissa axis of the coordinate system is arranged parallel to the row of transmitting elements 10.
  • the E plane denotes the sectional plane of the antenna diagram in the direction of the electric field components (here horizontal), the H plane the sectional plane of the antenna diagram orthogonal thereto (here vertical).
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 To illustrate the present invention, in each case an antenna element 2.
  • the antenna elements 2 in the FIGS. 11 to 13 in each case five transmitting elements 10, a first feed connection 3 and a second feed connection 4.
  • Fig. 11 corresponds to the distance D between the individual transmitting elements 10 of half the wavelength of the injected signal. It follows that the main emission of the antenna takes place in the direction perpendicular to the row of transmitting elements 10. This is represented by an arrow perpendicular to the row of transmitting elements 10.
  • the distance D between the individual transmission elements 10 is greater than half the wavelength of the signal fed in at the first and the second supply connection 3, 4. It follows that the two signals are emitted not perpendicular, but at an angle to the vertical radiation. It will caused by the signal which is fed to the first (right) feed terminal 3, a radiation having a negative angle to the radiation perpendicular to the row of transmitting elements 10, ie an angle shifted counterclockwise. Likewise, a radiation is caused by the signal which is fed to the second (left) feed terminal 4, which has a positive angle with respect to the radiation perpendicular to the row of transmitting elements 10, ie an angle shifted clockwise.
  • FIG. 13 Finally, an antenna element 2 is shown in which the distance D between the individual transmitting elements 10 is less than half the wavelength of the signal fed in at the first and the second feed connection 3, 4.
  • Fig. 13 is one of the Fig. 12
  • a radiation is caused, which compared to the perpendicular to the series of transmitting elements 10 radiation standing a positive angle, ie a clockwise shifted angle , having.
  • a radiation is caused by the signal which is fed to the second (left) feed terminal 4, which has a negative angle with respect to the perpendicular to the series of transmitting elements 10 radiation, ie, a counterclockwise shifted angle.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Système d'antenne (1), en particulier système d'antenne à onde progressive (1), ayant des caractéristiques de rayonnement réglables, comportant :
    un élément d'antenne (2) qui comporte une première borne d'alimentation (3) à une première extrémité de l'élément d'antenne (2) et une deuxième borne d'alimentation (4) à une autre extrémité de l'élément d'antenne (2) ;
    une unité de génération de signal (5) qui est conçue pour générer un signal d'alimentation et qui est conçue pour fournir le signal d'alimentation à la première borne d'alimentation (3) de l'élément d'antenne (2) et à la deuxième borne d'alimentation (4) de l'élément d'antenne (2) ;
    au moins une unité d'adaptation de signal (6) qui est disposée électriquement entre l'unité de génération de signal (5) et l'une des bornes d'alimentation (3, 4) et qui est conçue pour adapter l'amplitude et/ou la phase du signal d'alimentation correspondant conformément à une caractéristique de rayonnement prédéfinie,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'antenne (2) comprend une pluralité d'éléments d'émission (10) disposés en rangée et connectés électriquement en série, dans lequel la première extrémité de l'élément d'antenne est située au niveau du premier élément d'émission de la rangée et l'autre extrémité est située au niveau du dernier élément d'émission de la rangée.
  2. Système d'antenne selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'antenne (2) comporte une antenne réseau (2-1, 2-2, 2-3) qui comporte respectivement à une extrémité l'une des bornes d'alimentation (3, 4).
  3. Système d'antenne selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que l'antenne réseau (2-1, 2-2, 2-3) comporte une antenne guide d'ondes (2-1) ; et/ou en ce que l'antenne réseau (2-1, 2-2, 2-3) comporte une antenne à microruban (2-2).
  4. Système d'antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une distance (D) entre des éléments d'émission (10) individuels adjacents correspond à une demi-longueur d'onde du signal d'alimentation.
  5. Système d'antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une distance (D) entre des éléments d'émission (10) individuels adjacents est supérieure ou inférieure à une demi-longueur d'onde du signal d'alimentation.
  6. Système d'antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'unité d'adaptation de signal (6) comporte un déphaseur réglable (7).
  7. Système d'antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'unité d'adaptation de signal (6) comporte un amplificateur réglable (8).
  8. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un réseau d'antennes (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    générer (S1) un signal d'alimentation ;
    appliquer (S2) le signal d'alimentation à la première borne d'alimentation de l'élément d'antenne (2) du système d'antenne (1) et à la deuxième borne d'alimentation (4) de l'élément d'antenne (2) du système d'antenne (1) ;
    dans lequel le signal d'alimentation est appliqué à l'élément d'antenne (2) comportant la pluralité d'éléments d'émission (10) disposés en rangée et reliés électriquement en série ;
    dans lequel un signal d'alimentation adapté est appliqué à au moins l'une des bornes d'alimentation (3, 4) ; et
    dans lequel l'amplitude et/ou la phase du signal d'alimentation sont adaptées conformément à une caractéristique de rayonnement prédéterminée lors de l'adaptation (S3) du signal d'alimentation.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que le signal d'alimentation est généré avec une fréquence adaptée à l'élément d'antenne (2) de telle sorte qu'une distance (D) entre des éléments d'émission (10) individuels adjacents corresponde à une demi-longueur d'onde du signal d'alimentation.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que le signal d'alimentation est généré avec une fréquence adaptée à l'élément d'antenne (2) de telle sorte qu'une distance (D) entre des éléments d'émission (10) individuels adjacents soit supérieure ou inférieure à une demi-longueur d'onde du signal d'alimentation.
EP13718328.1A 2012-06-19 2013-04-24 Système d'antenne et procédé Active EP2862235B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012210314A DE102012210314A1 (de) 2012-06-19 2012-06-19 Antennenanordnung und Verfahren
PCT/EP2013/058436 WO2013189634A1 (fr) 2012-06-19 2013-04-24 Système d'antenne et procédé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2862235A1 EP2862235A1 (fr) 2015-04-22
EP2862235B1 true EP2862235B1 (fr) 2019-04-17

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US (1) US9912054B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2862235B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104604027B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012210314A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013189634A1 (fr)

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DE102014212494A1 (de) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antennenvorrichtung mit einstellbarer Abstrahlcharakteristik und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antennenvorrichtung

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US20150325926A1 (en) 2015-11-12
US9912054B2 (en) 2018-03-06
WO2013189634A1 (fr) 2013-12-27
EP2862235A1 (fr) 2015-04-22
CN104604027A (zh) 2015-05-06
DE102012210314A1 (de) 2013-12-19
CN104604027B (zh) 2018-09-25

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