EP1472383B1 - Precipitation hardenable austenitic steel - Google Patents

Precipitation hardenable austenitic steel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1472383B1
EP1472383B1 EP02792137A EP02792137A EP1472383B1 EP 1472383 B1 EP1472383 B1 EP 1472383B1 EP 02792137 A EP02792137 A EP 02792137A EP 02792137 A EP02792137 A EP 02792137A EP 1472383 B1 EP1472383 B1 EP 1472383B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
weight
alloy
alloy according
strength
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02792137A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1472383A2 (en
Inventor
Gustaf Zetterholm
Hakan Holmberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1472383A2 publication Critical patent/EP1472383A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1472383B1 publication Critical patent/EP1472383B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel alloy, more precisely a high-strength precipitation hardenable austenitic stainless steel alloy containing a well balanced aluminium content and a high silicon content, a product which is reduced by cold working, especially drawing, without intermediate heat treatment, the strength of which increases through final heat treatment at 300 °C to 500 °C by not less than 14 %, which shows a M d30 -value of between -55 and -100, a loss of force that is lower than 3.0 % at 1400 N during 24 hours and which is very suitable for use in spring applications, such as springs of round wire and strip steel and in medical applications, such as surgical and dental instruments.
  • the cold-worked austenitic stainless springsteels of type AISI 302 assume a dominating position. This is based on a combination of relatively good corrosion resistance and a possibility to cold-work the material to a considerable strength, which is a prerequisite for a good spring material. Based on the cold-worked state, the mechanical properties may be increased additionally by means of a simple heat treatment. Steel of the type AISI 631 is alloyed with aluminium in order to additionally enhance the increase of strength at heat treatment. During cold-working, a transformation takes place from the annealed structure's principal constituent of austenite to deformation martensite, which is harder than the phase from which it is formed.
  • These steels are higher alloyed and have a lower carbon content than steels of the type AISI 302 and AISI 631. This entails that a higher rate of reduction can be allowed in this type of steel.
  • the disadvantage of these steels is that the resulting product properties that are essential for a good spring function frequently are worse than for steels of AISI 302 and AISI 631.
  • One example of such a property is the resistance to relaxation, which describes the ability of a spring to retain spring strength over time.
  • the alloy according to US-A-6 048 416 contains no precipitation-hardening element.
  • test materials were produced by melting in a high frequency furnace. Subsequently, all test ingots were fully ground before they were forged. Forging was performed on the ingot to 103 ⁇ 103 mm length in stock. The heating temperature was in the range between 1240 °C and 1260 °C. The holding time at full temperature was 1 h. At the subsequent blank treatment, the blanks were fully ground and ultrasonically tested.
  • the wire rod in the dimension range of ⁇ 5.50 mm - ⁇ 5.60 mm was produced by warming the blanks to 1200 °C-1240 °C, whereupon they were rolled to final dimension and then cooled by water quenching. The hot-rolled wires were then cold-worked by drawing in a conventional drawing machine.
  • the heat treatment was accomplished with the same purpose as for spring steel of the type AISI 302, when an increase of the mechanical properties is obtained. Thereby, several important spring properties, such as, for example, the relaxation resistance, are influenced but in a stronger way than known hitherto.
  • M d30 /Nohara shows the temperature where at a rate of cold reduction of 30%, 50% of the austenite in the steel is transformed to transformation-martensite. A higher value for the temperature indicates, that the structure is more stable (more disposed to form martensite) and leeds to a higher rate of cold-deformation in the steel.
  • Table 4 shows the results for the test charges 1 to 7. It has surprisingly shown that a steel with the composition according to the present invention attains the best heat treatment effect at M d30 -valus of between -55 and -100 and the highest increase in ultimate tensile strength after solely cold working without intermediate heat treatment.
  • Tabell 4 M d30 /Nohara Charge nr. Ni- ekvivalent M d30 /Nohara [°C] 1 23,60 -76,5 2 23,65 -77,7 3 23,64 -80,5 4 23,50 -78,2 5 23,19 -52,6 6 23,79 -80,8 7 23,99 -82,8
  • the steel according to the present invention is subjected to a strong cold deformation. It can be shaped to different cross-section geometries, for example, round, oval wire, profiles of different cross-sections, for example, rectangular, triangular or more complicated embodiments and geometries. Round wire may even be flat-rolled.
  • springs of wire made from the alloy according to invention are wound. These springs have good spring properties in the form of relaxation, i.e. the retention of spring force under a long period and are advantageously used in typical spring applications, such as, for instance, springs in locking applications, i.e. mechanical parts in the locking device, springs in aerosol containers, pens, especially ball point pens, pump springs, springs in industrial looms, springs in the vehicle industry, electronics, computers and fine mechanics.
  • springs in locking applications i.e. mechanical parts in the locking device
  • a so-called reverse winding may be accomplished.
  • the spring is preformed by being wound in a direction opposite the working direction. Then a heat treatment of the spring takes place, after which it is wound-in in the opposite direction in the spring housing.
  • the strip is formed on a tack, after which heat treatment takes place. Then the spring is wound in the opposite direction into the spring housing.
  • An expander is a bit of wire, which is corrugated and shaped to a flat spring connected in series. This spring is used, for instance, in order to regulate the pressure of the oil scraper rings against the cylinder wall in an internal combustion engine.
  • a typical expander for car motors is seen as the corrugated wire between two piston rings.
  • a possible embodiment of such a corrugated ring is shown schematically in Figure 4.
  • a drawback of motor-driven vehicles today is the great energy consumption that is necessary in order to give the vehicle the desired performance thereof.
  • the easiest ways to achieve a reduced energy consumption is, among other things, to diminish the internal friction of the drive and to reduce the total mass of the vehicle.
  • the piston core accounts for more than half of the friction of a motor. Therefore, it is a continuous aim to improve the material and precision of the rings, pistons and cylinder walls with the purpose of reducing tare weights and bearing pressure.
  • the expander is the spring that regulates the pressure of the oil scraper rings against the cylinder wall and thereby also oil consumption and part of the internal friction of a motor.
  • the load of the expander wire consists of the force F, as shown in Figures 5a to 5c.
  • Expression (3) shows that the wire thickness that is required for a given property depends on the design of the expander. If the allowed tension of the material is increased, a smaller bending radius can be allowed, which is of great interest since rings of smaller types can be manufactured. The possibility of being able to manufacture smaller rings becomes more and more important since the demand for small motors increases as the environmental requirements are raised.
  • Expression (4) shows that a certain elastic energy for given modulus of elasticity is a function of the specific volume, material use and allowed maximum tension. An increased maximal allowed tension increases as a rule the material-use constant, which in combination gives a major impact on the required specific volume. Thus, it is possible to diminish the material volume increased allowed tension for retained level of elastic energy.
  • the material may be formed in a relatively soft state so as to later be heat treated in the finished form, whereupon the desired spring properties are obtained by precipitation hardening.
  • This embodiment according to the present invention is used especially in applications that make great demands on the relaxation properties of the steel, since it should resist a force without being preformed.
  • Example 5 Round and flat wire as well as strip steel for medical applications
  • Wire, manufactured from the alloy according to invention may even be used in medical applications, for instance, in the form of dental instruments as files, such as root canal files, nerve extractor and the like, as well as surgical needles.
  • Flat-rolled wire of the steel according to invention may advantageously be used for the production of dental and surgical instruments.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
EP02792137A 2001-12-11 2002-12-11 Precipitation hardenable austenitic steel Expired - Lifetime EP1472383B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0104192 2001-12-11
SE0104192A SE526881C2 (sv) 2001-12-11 2001-12-11 Utskiljningshärdbar austenitisk legering, användning av legeringen samt framställning av en produkt av legeringen
PCT/SE2002/002300 WO2003056053A1 (en) 2001-12-11 2002-12-11 Precipitation hardenable austenitic steel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1472383A2 EP1472383A2 (en) 2004-11-03
EP1472383B1 true EP1472383B1 (en) 2007-04-18

Family

ID=20286302

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02792137A Expired - Lifetime EP1472383B1 (en) 2001-12-11 2002-12-11 Precipitation hardenable austenitic steel

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US20050126661A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP1472383B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP4327601B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR100966068B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE360104T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (2) AU2002358375A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR0214816B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE60219693T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE526881C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (2) WO2003056052A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20060266439A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2006-11-30 Maziasz Philip J Heat and corrosion resistant cast austenitic stainless steel alloy with improved high temperature strength
DE102005024029B3 (de) * 2005-05-23 2007-01-04 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Austenitischer Leichtbaustahl und seine Verwendung
PL2136089T3 (pl) * 2008-06-16 2011-04-29 Gally S P A Nakrętka samozakleszczająca się
IT1396294B1 (it) 2009-10-05 2012-11-16 Gally S P A Dadi autobloccanti
JP6259579B2 (ja) 2012-03-29 2018-01-10 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 耐熱へたり性に優れた高強度ステンレス鋼線、高強度ばね並びにその製造方法
KR101420782B1 (ko) * 2013-12-30 2014-07-17 광일토건환경 주식회사 흙막이 가시설 시공방법
WO2016031958A1 (ja) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 国立大学法人豊橋技術科学大学 金属材料および加工処理方法
AT516464B1 (de) * 2014-11-03 2018-02-15 Berndorf Band Gmbh Metallische Bänder und deren Herstellungsverfahren
AT516453B1 (de) * 2014-11-03 2018-02-15 Berndorf Band Gmbh Metallische Bänder und deren Herstellungsverfahren
CN105483502A (zh) * 2015-12-03 2016-04-13 浙江腾龙精线有限公司 一种弹簧线的生产方法
JP6782601B2 (ja) * 2016-10-05 2020-11-11 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 耐温間リラクセーション特性に優れる高強度ステンレス鋼線およびその製造方法、ならびにばね部品
CN108977727A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-11 柳州市横阳机械有限公司 不锈钢丝的制备方法
CN112941423A (zh) * 2019-11-26 2021-06-11 上海微创医疗器械（集团）有限公司 医用合金及支架
CN114959423B (zh) * 2022-06-07 2023-04-14 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 一种高硅含钛奥氏体不锈钢的冶炼方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002358375A1 (en) 2003-07-15
WO2003056053B1 (en) 2004-04-08
KR100966068B1 (ko) 2010-06-28
AU2002360028A1 (en) 2003-07-15
DE60219693T2 (de) 2007-12-27
WO2003056052A1 (en) 2003-07-10
KR20040061028A (ko) 2004-07-06
SE0104192L (sv) 2003-06-12
BR0214816B1 (pt) 2011-02-08
BR0214816A (pt) 2004-08-31
JP4327601B2 (ja) 2009-09-09
SE526881C2 (sv) 2005-11-15
US20050126661A1 (en) 2005-06-16
ATE360104T1 (de) 2007-05-15
EP1472383A2 (en) 2004-11-03
WO2003056053A1 (en) 2003-07-10
SE0104192D0 (sv) 2001-12-11
DE60219693D1 (de) 2007-05-31
US20070041863A1 (en) 2007-02-22
JP2005513273A (ja) 2005-05-12

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