EP1471307A1 - Glühkerze - Google Patents

Glühkerze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1471307A1
EP1471307A1 EP20040252379 EP04252379A EP1471307A1 EP 1471307 A1 EP1471307 A1 EP 1471307A1 EP 20040252379 EP20040252379 EP 20040252379 EP 04252379 A EP04252379 A EP 04252379A EP 1471307 A1 EP1471307 A1 EP 1471307A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metallic tube
coil member
insulator
glow plug
insulating powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20040252379
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1471307B1 (de
Inventor
Chiaki NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Kumada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niterra Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd filed Critical NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Publication of EP1471307A1 publication Critical patent/EP1471307A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1471307B1 publication Critical patent/EP1471307B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glow plug for preheating the interior of a cylinder of a diesel engine, as well as to a glow plug for preheating water.
  • a conventional glow plug includes a metallic tube having a closed distal end and extending axially; a rod-like insulator disposed within the metallic tube in such a manner as to form a clearance therebetween; a coil member disposed in such a manner as to encircle an outer circumferential surface of the insulator; and insulating powder charged into the metallic tube in such a manner as to fill the interior of the metallic tube; see for example Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 57-58017 at page 1 (referred to herein as Patent Document 1).
  • the rod-like insulator is inserted into an internal space of the coil member so as to prevent contact between the coil member and the metallic tube, which could otherwise result from bending of the coil member in the process of drawing the metallic tube, and to prevent variations in heating characteristics among glow plugs, which could otherwise result from occurrence of uneven pitch spacings between turns of the coil member. Also, when only the insulating powder is used as a filler for the metallic tube, voids are formed between powder particles even after drawing. Insertion of the rod-like insulator lessens a space into which the insulating powder is charged, whereby the effect of charging is enhanced through reduction of void space.
  • the present invention has been accomplished in view of the above problem, and an object of the invention is to provide a glow plug in which heat generated by the coil member can be effectively conducted to the metallic tube.
  • the present invention provides a glow plug comprising a metallic tube having a closed distal end and extending axially, a rod-like insulator disposed within the metallic tube in such a manner as to form a clearance therebetween, a coil member disposed in such a manner as to encircle an outer circumferential surface of the insulator, and insulating powder charged into the metallic tube in such a manner as to fill the interior of the metallic tube, wherein the insulator is formed of an insulating material having thermal conductivity lower than that of the insulating powder.
  • the insulator to be inserted into the coil member is formed of an insulating material having thermal conductivity lower than that of the insulating powder, which is to be charged into the metallic tube in such a manner as to fill the interior of the metallic tube.
  • a glow plug is maintained at a predetermined temperature.
  • predetermined current must be continuously supplied to a coil member.
  • the coil member involves danger of breaking.
  • the glow plug of the present invention is configured such that the insulator inserted into the coil member is formed of an insulating material having thermal conductivity lower than that of the insulating powder, heat generated by the coil member is effectively conducted to the metallic tube, so that the heat that the coil member must generate in order to maintain the glow plug at a predetermined temperature can be reduced as compared with the case of a conventional glow plug. As a result, predetermined current that flows to the coil member decreases, whereby the durability of the coil member can be enhanced.
  • the glow plug of the present invention is configured such that A ⁇ 0.6B, where A is the diameter of the insulator, and B is the inside diameter of the coil member.
  • A is the diameter of the insulator
  • B is the inside diameter of the coil member.
  • the glow plug of the present invention is configured such that the insulating powder is of magnesium oxide, and the insulating material is alumina.
  • the insulating powder is of magnesium oxide, and the insulating material is alumina, heat can be more effectively conducted from the coil member to the metallic tube.
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides a glow plug comprising a metallic tube having a closed distal end and extending axially, a rod-like insulator formed of an insulating material and disposed within the metallic tube in such a manner as to form a clearance therebetween, a coil member disposed in such a manner as to encircle an outer circumferential surface of the insulator, and insulating powder charged into the metallic tube in such a manner as to fill the interior of the metallic tube, wherein, as viewed on a cross section taken perpendicularly to an axis, the insulating powder present in a clearance between the metallic tube and the coil member is greater in an occupancy rate per unit area than the insulating material in the insulator.
  • the glow plug of this aspect of the present invention is configured such that the occupancy rate (packing density) of the insulating powder in the clearance between the metallic tube and the coil member is greater than that of the insulating material in the insulator. Since void space in a region of the clearance between the metallic tube and the coil member becomes less than that in the insulator, the thermal conductivity of the insulating powder can be rendered higher than that of the insulator, so that heat generated by the coil member can be effectively conducted to the metallic tube. Notably, the occupancy rate is measured per unit area on a cross section taken perpendicularly to the axis of the glow plug.
  • the glow plug of the present invention is configured such that the occupancy rate of the insulating powder present in the clearance between the metallic tube and the coil member is greater than that of the insulating material in the insulator, heat generated by the coil member is effectively conducted to the metallic tube, so that the heat that the coil member must generate in order to maintain a predetermined temperature can be reduced as compared with the case of a conventional glow plug. As a result, predetermined current that flows to the coil member decreases, whereby the durability of the coil member can be enhanced.
  • the glow plug of the present invention is configured such that an average particle size of the insulating powder is smaller than that of the insulating material. This feature enables the insulating powder present in the clearance between the metallic tube and the coil member to have an occupancy rate greater than that of the insulating material in the insulator, so that heat generated by the coil member can be effectively conducted to the metallic tube.
  • the insulating material has thermal conductivity lower than that of the insulating powder.
  • thermal conductivity in the inside of the coil member lower than thermal conductivity in a region between the coil member and the metallic tube, conduction of heat generated by the coil member to the metallic tube increases, so that the heat is effectively conducted to the metallic tube.
  • the glow plug can function as a more effective heat source.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention will next be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows the internal structure of a glow plug 1, which is an example of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing the internal structure of a distal end portion of the glow plug 1.
  • the glow plug 1 includes a tubular metallic shell 3 extending in the direction of an axis O; a metallic tube 2 fixedly attached to a distal end portion of the metallic shell 3, extending in the direction of the axis O, and having a closed distal end; and center rod 4, which serves as an electrode.
  • the metallic tube 2 is formed of stainless steel, such as SUS310S.
  • the center rod 4 extends along the axis of the metallic shell 3 and reaches the interior of the metallic tube 2.
  • the bottom of the metallic tube 2 and a distal end portion of the center rod 4 are electrically connected together via a coil member 5.
  • the coil member 5 consists of a front-end-side heating coil 51, and a rear-end-side control coil 52.
  • the heating coil 51 is formed of a material having a R20 (resistivity at 20°C of) of 80 ⁇ cm to 200 ⁇ cm, and an R1000/R20 value of 0.8 to 3, where R1000 is resistivity at 1,000°C.
  • Specific examples of the material include an Fe-Cr-A1 alloy, an Ni-Cr alloy, and an Fe-Cr alloy.
  • the control coil 52 is formed of a material having a R20 (resistivity at 20°C of) of 5 ⁇ cm to 20 ⁇ cm, an R1000/R20 value of 6 or more, where R1000 is resistivity at 1,000°C.
  • Specific examples of the material include a Co-Ni-Fe alloy and a Co-Fe alloy.
  • the center rod 4 and the heating coil 51 are indirectly connected via the control coil 52. However, the heating coil 51 and the center rod 4 may be directly connected together without provision of the control coil 52.
  • Insulating powder 15 formed of a magnesium oxide (magnesia) powder or the like is charged into the metallic tube 2 in such a manner as to fill the interior of the metallic tube 2.
  • the insulating material and the insulating powder both have an average particle size of 80 ⁇ m, and both have an occupancy rate of 96%.
  • An elastic packing 16 is disposed between the metallic tube 2 and a front end portion of the center rod 4 so as to seal against the metallic tube 2 and the center rod 4, and the elastic packing 16 closes the metallic tube 2.
  • the insulator 14 is formed of an insulating material having thermal conductivity lower than that of the insulating powder 15.
  • thermal conductivity in the inside of the coil member 5 is rendered lower than thermal conductivity in a region between the coil member 5 and the metallic tube 2, so that conduction of heat generated by the coil member 5 to the metallic tube 2 increases, and thus the heat is effectively conducted to the metallic tube 2. Therefore, the glow plug 1 can function as an effective heat source.
  • the diameter A of the insulator 14 is substantially equal to the inside diameter B of the coil member 5.
  • A is the diameter of the insulator 14, and B is the inside diameter of the coil member 5
  • thermal conductivity in the inside of the coil member 5 decreases, so that heat can be effectively conducted from the coil member 5 to the metallic tube 2.
  • a stepped hole 7 is formed at the upper end of the metallic shell 3.
  • a bush-like insulation ring 8 fitted into the stepped hole 7 supports an upper portion of the center rod 4 in such a manner as to dispose the upper portion at the center of the metallic shell 3, and electrically insulates the upper portion from the metallic shell 3.
  • a clearance is formed between the stepped hole 7 and the center rod 4 and filled with an O-ring 9.
  • a hexagonal tool engagement portion 10 is externally formed on an upper end portion of the metallic shell 3.
  • a male-threaded portion 11 is formed below the tool engagement portion 10 and used for connection to a diesel engine (not shown) or the like.
  • a male-threaded portion 12 is formed on an upper end portion of the center rod 4.
  • a round nut 13 is screw-engaged with the male-threaded portion 12 and presses the insulation ring 8.
  • the center rod 4 and a power cable are directly connected together so as to establish electrical connection therebetween.
  • an alternative form of connection may be such that a terminal electrode (not shown) is fixedly attached to the center rod 4 in such a manner as to cover a top portion of the center rod 4, and is connected to a power cable.
  • the insulator 14 is inserted into the coil member 5, which is formed by welding the control coil 52 and the heating coil 51 together.
  • a rear end portion (of the control coil 52) of the coil member 5 is joined to the center rod 4 by means of, for example, resistance welding.
  • the coil member 5 is inserted, from the heating coil 51, into the metallic tube 2.
  • a distal end portion of the heating coil 51 is joined to the distal end of the metallic tube 2 by means of, for example, arc welding.
  • the insulating powder 15 is charged into the metallic tube 2 in such a manner as to fill the interior of the metallic tube 2.
  • the elastic packing 16 is inserted into a rear end portion of the metallic tube 2.
  • a rear end portion of the metallic tube 2 is swaged so as to crimp the elastic packing 16. Furthermore, the entire metallic tube 2 is subjected to swaging from its rear end side toward its distal end side so as to assume predetermined dimensions. Subsequently, the resultant assembly is inserted, from a rear end portion of the center rod 4, into the metallic shell 3 on its distal end side. A rear end portion of the metallic tube 2 is interference-fitted; for example, press-fitted, into the metallic shell 3. Then, a rear end portion of the metallic shell 3 is sealed with the O-ring 9. Subsequently, the insulation ring 8 and the round nut 13 are sequentially fitted to the center rod 4, thereby completing the glow plug 1.
  • a glow plug 100 of embodiment 2 is similar to the above-described glow plug 1 except that the insulating powder 15 and the insulator 14 differ from each other in material and/or average particle size. Since the configuration of the glow plug 100 is identical with that of the glow plug 1 of embodiment 1, the insulating powder 15 and the insulator 14 are mainly described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 while identical structural features are denoted by common reference numerals.
  • the insulating powder 15 of the glow plug 100 has an average particle size of 80 ⁇ m, whereas the insulating material for the insulator 14 has an average particle size of 120 ⁇ m.
  • the occupancy rate of the insulating powder 15 present in the clearance between the metallic tube 2 and the coil member 5 can become greater than that of the insulating material in the insulator 14 as observed on the cross section of the glow plug 100 taken perpendicular to the axis. Since void space in a region of the clearance between the metallic tube 2 and the coil member 5 becomes less than that in the insulator 14, the thermal conductivity of the insulating powder 15 can be rendered higher than that of the insulator 14, so that heat generated by the coil member 5 can be effectively conducted to the metallic tube 2.
  • Samples of the glow plug 1 shown in Fig. 1 were fabricated by the above-described method.
  • the coil member 5 had a diameter of 0.35 mm and a length of 22 mm;
  • the metallic tube 2 had a length of 42 mm, a diameter of 4.5 mm as measured at its distal end portion and 5 mm as measured at its rear end portion, and a wall thickness of 0.75 mm; and the materials shown in Table 1 were used to form the insulator 14 and the insulating powder 15.
  • the surface temperature was the maximum temperature that the metallic tube 2 could generate; and the generated heat was calculated by measuring current and applied voltage.
  • each voltage application cycle consists of 5-minute application of 13 VDC and subsequent 1-minute suspension of voltage application.
  • the test results are shown in Table 1.
  • Sample Nos. 1, 4, and 5 are of Comparative Examples, and Sample Nos. 2 and 3 are examples of the present invention.
  • the average particle size of the insulating powder and insulating material is 80 ⁇ m and the occupancy rate is 96%.
  • Sample Nos. 1, 3, and 5 in which the voltage was controlled to exhibit a surface temperature of 900°C, Sample Nos. 1 and 5 exhibit a durability of 10,000 cycles and 3,000 cycles, respectively, whereas Sample No. 3 exhibits a durability of 13,000 cycles. This indicates that the heat that the coil member 5 must generate in Sample No. 3 in order to maintain the glow plug 1 at a predetermined temperature (in this case, 900°C) is reduced, so that the durability of the coil member 5 can be enhanced.
  • a predetermined temperature in this case, 900°C
  • the coil member 5 had a diameter of 0.35 mm and a length of 22 mm; the metallic tube 2 had a length of 42 mm, a diameter of 4.5 mm as measured at its distal end portion and 5 mm as measured at its rear end portion, and a wall thickness of 0.75 mm; and magnesium oxide was used to form the insulator 14 and the insulating powder 15.
  • a DC voltage of 11 V was applied to the samples, and the surface temperature of each metallic tube 2 and the generated heat were measured after elapse of 60 seconds.
  • the surface temperature was the maximum temperature that the metallic tube 2 could generate; and the generated heat was calculated by measuring current and applied voltage 60 seconds after start of application of the voltage.
  • each voltage application cycle consists of 5-minute application of 13 VDC and subsequent 1-minute suspension of voltage application.
  • Each of the samples was cut at a position located 5 mm rearward from its distal end so as to obtain a cross section at the position; and an image of 0.3 square millimeter was obtained, through image processing, from the cross section with respect to each of the insulator 14 and the region of the clearance between the metallic tube 2 and the coil member 5, and the occupancy rate of the insulating material and the occupancy rate of the insulating powder 15 were obtained from the respective images.
  • the test results are shown in Table 2.
  • Sample No. 6 is a comparative example glow plug 100 similar to Sample No. 1, and Sample Nos. 7 and 8 are examples of the present invention.
  • the present invention has been described with reference to embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto, but may be embodied in various other forms without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the above embodiments are described while mentioning the glow plug 1, 100; however, the present invention may be usable as a water heater for heating water.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP04252379A 2003-04-23 2004-04-23 Glühkerze Expired - Lifetime EP1471307B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003118961 2003-04-23
JP2003118961 2003-04-23
JP2004010149 2004-01-19
JP2004010149A JP2004340562A (ja) 2003-04-23 2004-01-19 グロープラグ

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1471307A1 true EP1471307A1 (de) 2004-10-27
EP1471307B1 EP1471307B1 (de) 2007-02-21

Family

ID=32964975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04252379A Expired - Lifetime EP1471307B1 (de) 2003-04-23 2004-04-23 Glühkerze

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20040222207A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1471307B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2004340562A (de)
DE (1) DE602004004827T2 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006114436A1 (de) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Lead arrangement for a combustor unit
EP2840314A4 (de) * 2012-04-16 2015-12-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Glühkerze
DE102014225908A1 (de) 2014-12-15 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze
EP2116772A4 (de) * 2007-03-08 2017-11-22 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glühstift und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4871193B2 (ja) * 2007-04-13 2012-02-08 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ及びその製造方法
WO2008144963A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Microvast, Inc. Photodegradation catalyst and photodegradation catalyst precursor comprising metal halide or metal oxyhalide
US20090184101A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-07-23 John Hoffman Sheathed glow plug
JP5319925B2 (ja) * 2008-01-15 2013-10-16 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグの製造方法
DE102008011193A1 (de) * 2008-02-26 2009-09-03 Areva Np Gmbh Elektrisches Heizelement
US8410403B2 (en) * 2008-10-23 2013-04-02 Federal Mogul Ignition Company Glow plug with improved seal, heater probe assembly therefor and method of construction thereof
JP5639227B2 (ja) * 2013-06-13 2014-12-10 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP6525616B2 (ja) * 2015-02-03 2019-06-05 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP6592372B2 (ja) * 2016-02-16 2019-10-16 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP2019045109A (ja) * 2017-09-06 2019-03-22 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB859659A (en) * 1958-06-07 1961-01-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in glow plugs for internal combustion engines
JPS5758017A (en) * 1980-09-23 1982-04-07 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Sheathed glow plug
US4476378A (en) * 1981-04-30 1984-10-09 Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd. Glow plug for use in diesel engine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2746595A1 (de) * 1977-10-15 1979-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gluehstiftkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen
US5304778A (en) * 1992-11-23 1994-04-19 Electrofuel Manufacturing Co. Glow plug with improved composite sintered silicon nitride ceramic heater

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB859659A (en) * 1958-06-07 1961-01-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in glow plugs for internal combustion engines
JPS5758017A (en) * 1980-09-23 1982-04-07 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Sheathed glow plug
US4476378A (en) * 1981-04-30 1984-10-09 Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd. Glow plug for use in diesel engine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0061, no. 34 (M - 144) 21 July 1982 (1982-07-21) *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006114436A1 (de) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Lead arrangement for a combustor unit
EP1717515A1 (de) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anschluss einer Verbrennungsanlage
EP2116772A4 (de) * 2007-03-08 2017-11-22 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glühstift und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP2840314A4 (de) * 2012-04-16 2015-12-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Glühkerze
US9702556B2 (en) 2012-04-16 2017-07-11 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glow plug
DE102014225908A1 (de) 2014-12-15 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze
WO2016096257A1 (de) 2014-12-15 2016-06-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1471307B1 (de) 2007-02-21
US20040222207A1 (en) 2004-11-11
JP2004340562A (ja) 2004-12-02
DE602004004827T2 (de) 2007-10-31
DE602004004827D1 (de) 2007-04-05

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