EP1463567A2 - Ameliorations relatives a des skis - Google Patents

Ameliorations relatives a des skis

Info

Publication number
EP1463567A2
EP1463567A2 EP02788081A EP02788081A EP1463567A2 EP 1463567 A2 EP1463567 A2 EP 1463567A2 EP 02788081 A EP02788081 A EP 02788081A EP 02788081 A EP02788081 A EP 02788081A EP 1463567 A2 EP1463567 A2 EP 1463567A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control system
vibration control
ski
adaptive
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02788081A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter ReacTec Limited WATSON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reactec Ltd
Original Assignee
Reactec Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reactec Ltd filed Critical Reactec Ltd
Publication of EP1463567A2 publication Critical patent/EP1463567A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
    • A63C5/07—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices comprising means for adjusting stiffness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
    • A63C5/075—Vibration dampers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/53—Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity, e.g. electromagnetically

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vibration control systems and in particular, though not exclusively, to an adaptive control system to vary flex and damping in skis during use.
  • vibration of an object can be suppressed in objects manufactured with a calculated stiffness and damping.
  • the frequency of vibration can vary i.e. the bandwidth increases.
  • Objects having a fixed stiffness and damping cannot suppress vibration at varying frequencies and as a result the object is prone to vibration with deleterious effect.
  • Vibration causes a ski to chatter' and so loose edge contact.
  • Manufacturers have engineered skis by varying geometry, materials and construction techniques in an effort to suppress vibration, but such skis tend to be limited to use in certain environments. For example, male downhill race skiers use skis which have a high stiffness whereas recreational skiers have more flexible skis. It is recognised that it would be advantageous to provide a ski in which the stiffness and damping could be varied during use and so improve the handling of a ski in a range of environments.
  • a vibration control system comprising a structure including a chamber and a means for creating a variable applied field within the chamber, wherein the chamber is substantially filled with a rheological fluid which under the influence of the applied field causes a variation in the stiffness of the structure.
  • the rheological fluid may be an electrorheological fluid which undergoes a change in viscosity proportional to a change in electric field.
  • the rheological fluid is a agnetorheological fluid which undergoes a change in viscosity proportional to a change in applied magnetic field.
  • the applied field is a continuously variable applied field.
  • the means for creating a variable applied field comprises an electromagnetic coil.
  • a variable power source may be applied to the coil.
  • the structure may include a first member having a first surface and a second member having a second surface, the surfaces being inner walls of the chamber and are arranged to face each other, wherein the rheological fluid is located therebetween such that in the presence of the applied field, a shear force is set-up between the surfaces by virtue of the fluid which varies the stiffness of the structure.
  • the structure may include a piston moveable within the chamber.
  • the piston is an electromagnet such that the magnetic field strength may be varied within the chamber.
  • the piston is hollow providing a fluid flow path therethrough.
  • This vibration control system may be referred to as a resistive flow active flex system.
  • a vibration control system comprising a mounting surface upon which is located a flexible hose, the hose having a first cross-sectional area filled with a rheological fluid and ends abutted to the surface.
  • the system provides semi-active damping as any flexing of the mounting surface will create a change in the cross- sectional area of the hose and cause the hose to act as a pump, while application of an applied field will cause the fluid to act as a valve. Consequently, an increase in field increases the fluid viscosity, the valve makes it more difficult to pump the fluid and thus more force is required to flex the hose, providing a damping effect.
  • the rheological fluid may be an electrorheological fluid which undergoes a change in viscosity proportional to a change in electric field.
  • the rheological fluid is a magnetorheological fluid which undergoes a change in viscosity proportional to a change in applied magnetic field.
  • the rheological fluid is Rheonetic Fluid' as produced by Lord Corporation, USA.
  • hoses are located on the surface. More preferably the hoses are located symmetrically on the surface.
  • an adaptive vibration control system comprising sensing means to determine one or more environmental characteristics, a signal processor to determine a controlling response to the characteristics and vibration control means responsive to the controlling response to counter vibration.
  • the sensing means is at least one sensor. More preferably the sensing means is a multi-sensor array.
  • the sensor array is a distributed array of PVDF piezo-sensors .
  • the signal processor identifies characteristic vibration patterns from the sensors.
  • the signal processor may also include a control algorithm to identify the patterns.
  • the signal processor includes a feedback loop from the vibration control means to regulate the response.
  • the signal processor is a microprocessor. More preferably, the microprocessor is a proportional- differential-integral processor.
  • the control algorithm is a fuzzy logic control algorithm to provide an intelligent control unit. Such an intelligent control unit with a fuzzy logic control algorithm programmed into the microprocessor may grade the vibration being monitored and control a graded response from the vibration control means.
  • the vibration control means comprises a vibration control system according to the first aspect.
  • the vibration control means comprises a vibration control system according to the second aspect.
  • the controlling response will determine the applied field.
  • the vibration control means comprises the vibration control system of the first aspect in combination with a direct shear mode semi-active damping system.
  • the direct shear mode semi-active damping system may comprise a fluid filled chamber which is acted upon by a piston to vary the characteristics of the fluid.
  • the fluid is a magneto-rheological fluid.
  • the piston is an electromagnet having a variable magnetic field strength.
  • movement of the piston varies the magnetic field strength which in turn influences the alignment of iron particles in the fluid, the aligned particles being sheared as the piston moves.
  • the adaptive vibration control system may
  • control system may operate from a switch.
  • the power supply is driven from vibration
  • the power supply may
  • the adaptive vibration control system may
  • the 13 include a user interface.
  • the user interface may allow a
  • the user interface 14 user to provide the signal processor with data on one or 15. more environmental characteristics.
  • 16 may comprise a wire or wireless connection to a remote
  • the remote device may be a handheld device. More
  • the remote device is a mobile PDA/phone. 19
  • a ski including a vibration
  • the vibration control system is arranged fore 26 and aft on the ski body.
  • the vibration 27 control system is arranged longitudinally on the ski, on
  • a ski including a vibration
  • the vibration control system is arranged fore and aft on the ski body.
  • a ski including a vibration control system according to the first and second aspects to vary both stiffness and damping in the ski.
  • the vibration control systems are arranged fore and aft on the ski body.
  • the vibration control system according to the first aspect is arranged longitudinally on the ski, on either side of a binding.
  • a ski including an adaptive vibration control system according to the third aspect to provide adaptive control of vibration in the ski.
  • the sensor arrays are positioned at modal points on the ski. More preferably the sensor arrays are located at a fore and aft location in a body of the ski.
  • the vibration control means are located a modal points on the ski. More preferably the vibration control means are located at fore and aft locations on a body of the ski.
  • the vibration control means according to the first aspect is arranged longitudinally on the ski, on either side of a binding.
  • the power supply powers the microprocessor and the variable magnetic field. More preferably the power supply comprises a layered piezo-ceramic.
  • the piezo- ceramic may be located on the ski at a position where a skier's boot will rest.
  • the layered piezo-ceramic is configured at the point of maximum weight concentration to ensure it flexes as the skier moves.
  • power generation comes from the skier's movement over the ski, rather than the vibrating ski.
  • a chassis for mounting on a ski including a vibration control system to control vibration of the ski in use.
  • the ski geometry can be varied as required.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a ski according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a portion of Figure 1 illustrating a vibration control system for varying stiffness according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3(a) is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of a vibration control system for varying stiffness and Figure 3(b) shows this embodiment mounted on a ski;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a portion of Figure 1 illustrating a vibration control system for varying damping according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • Figure 5 (a) is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of a vibration control system for varying damping and Figure 5(b) shows this embodiment mounted on a ski;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive vibration control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 7(a) and 7(b) are illustrations of an adaptive vibration control system mounted on a ski, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 8(a) and (b) are illustrations of a power supply for use on a ski according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS 9(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of a ski chassis, according to an embodiment of the present invention, mounted on a ski.
  • Ski 10 has a conventional composite structure 12 providing a tip 14, tail 16, upper surface 18 and edges 20a,b. Mounted upon the upper surface 18, towards the edges 20a,b are four symmetrically positioned damping support bars 24a, b. The bindings (not shown) will be attached to the ski at the support bars 24a, b. This position will therefore bear the weight of the skier. Over the damping bars 22 and the support bars 24 are control rails 26a, . The bars 22,24 and rails 26 are all arranged longitudinally on the ski 10.
  • a rheological fluid 28 Between the damping bars 22 and the control rails 26 is located a rheological fluid 28.
  • Rheological fluids are well known and operate by increasing the viscosity of the fluid in response to an applied field.
  • the fluid 28 is a magnetorheological fluid which undergoes a change in viscosity in response to a changing magnetic field.
  • This arrangement of bars 22, rails 26 and fluid 28 provides a vibration control system in the form of an active flex control which can vary stiffness in the ski 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows the interface between the damping bars 22 and the control rails 26.
  • a magnetic field is applied between the bars 22 and rails 26 in the direction of arrow A.
  • the magnetic field is applied via coils 30 (only one shown in Figure 1) mounted on the rails 26.
  • the consequent increase in viscosity of fluid 28 creates a shear force in direction BB' .
  • the control rails 26 mechanically amplify the direct-shear mode and thus control the stiffness matrix (the inverse of side flex) of the composite 12 making up the ski 10.
  • the direct-shear mode when applied reduces the movement of the bars 22 with respect to the rails 26.
  • Vibration is thus controlled as the resultant change in stiffness alters the deflection of the ski 10 in response to impulses .
  • Control can be varied by varying the amount of fluid 28 and the applied field.
  • the bars 22,24 and rails 26 will effectively ⁇ lock' providing the ski 10 with a high stiffness.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 2 provides active flex control to the ski 10 when the magnetic field is applied. The field is switched on via a switch 32 located on the upper surface 18 of the ski 10 or via an adaptive vibration control system, described hereinafter with reference to Figure 6.
  • small volumes of fluid 28 are used which require small field strengths so that the ski 10 can be both lightweight and cheap to produce.
  • actuators generally indicated by reference numeral 50, provide the active flex control by a resistive flow concept.
  • Each actuator 50 comprises a chamber 52 which is filled with a magnetorheological fluid 54.
  • an electromagnetic coil 56 in which passes a piston or slider head 58.
  • the piston 58 includes a plastic sleeve 60, acting as a plunger.
  • the piston has a hollow bore (not shown) .
  • the steel piston head 58 acts as an electromagnet and varies the magnetic field strength within the fluid filled chamber 52. Fluid 54 flows through the hollow bore.
  • Figure 3(b) illustrates four active flex actuators 53a-d, located on a ski 62.
  • the actuators are longitudinally arranged on the ski, in pairs, symmetrically about the binding position 64.
  • Ski 10 incorporates a semi-active damping system, best illustrated in Figure 4, to change the damping level and optimally counteract motion with a controlled resistive motion. This is achieved by applying the pressure driven flow mode of operation for controllable fluids.
  • the damping bar 22 has ends 34a, b which abut the upper surface 18 of the ski 10.
  • Each bar 22 is made of a flexible hose.
  • the hose is filled with fluid 28.
  • the fluid 28 is sealed in the hose.
  • the hose When mounted on the ski 10, the hose has a uniform cross-section.
  • the hose acts as a pump when flexed. Flexing creates a change in the cross-sectional area and the resulting restriction produces a pressure change which drives the fluid 28.
  • the magnetic field described hereinbefore, is applied the viscosity of the fluid 28 increases.
  • the fluid then acts like a valve making it more difficult to pump the fluid and therefore requiring more force to flex the hose.
  • This damping arrangement of fluid filled hoses or fibres can be arranged along the length of the ski 10 to act against vibration.
  • the semi-active damping system can be constructed using small amounts of fluid 28 placed in fibres to reduce weight and cost of the ski 10.
  • FIG. 5 A further embodiment of a semi-active damping system is shown in Figure 5.
  • the system comprises a damper, generally indicated by reference numeral 70, which acts in the direct shear mode of magnetorheological fluid to achieve semi-active damping.
  • Damper 70 comprises magnetorheological fluid 72 filled chamber 74.
  • a piston 76 is arranged within the chamber onto which is located an electromagnetic coil 78.
  • the piston 76 thus acts as an electromagnet.
  • the piston has a plastic sleeve 80 and is arranged within a steel sleeve 82. In use, vibration causes the plastic sleeve 80, to act as a plunger and force the piston 76 to move inside the sleeve 82.
  • FIG. 5 (b) illustrates the dampers 70 mounted on a ski 90, in pairs. Fore-body damping occurs at a position 92 near the tip of the ski 90 while aft-body damping occurs at a position 94 towards the tail of the ski. Positions 92 and 94 are selected to be those regions of significant vibration on the ski when in use.
  • a multi-sensor array 36 is located on a ski .
  • the array 36 is made up of a distributed array of PVDF piezo-sensors . Though only one location for the array 36 is shown in Figure 1 for ski 10 , it will be appreciated that the sensors could be located across the entire structure of a ski 10 . In a preferred embodiment the sensors are concentrated about regions of significant vibration i . e . modal points on the ski . The typical modal points are located in the fore and aft body structure of the ski , see Figure 7 (b) to be described hereinafter .
  • Signals from the sensors in the array 36 are input to a signal processing unit 38 which, using a stored algorithm, identifies a characteristic vibration pattern dependent on the environmental conditions and the handling of the ski 10. Unit 38 then determines a response proportional to the amplitude of the vibration which is transmitted to the coils 30 controlling the magnetic field strength. Thus the stiffness and damping can be controlled as described hereinbefore.
  • a feedback loop 40 is also provided to enable the amount of actuator response to be regulated.
  • Ski 100 includes a matrix structure into which is arranged a pattern of adaptive flex actuators llOa-d and semi-active dampers 120a-d. This may be termed a smart material 130.
  • the smart material 130 is arranged longitudinally on the ski 100. At a point near the tip 112 is located a fore-body control point (FCP) 114 and at a point near the tail 116 is located an aft-body control point (ACP) 118.
  • FCP fore-body control point
  • ACP aft-body control point
  • sensors 140a-e are PVDF piezo- sensors which convert vibrational movement to an electrical signal indicative of the amount of vibration experienced.
  • sensors 140a-e are positioned at positions, or modal points, where significant vibration is experienced by the ski 100. Thus they are located fore and aft on the ski towards each side.
  • Control unit 150 Located centrally on the ski 100, at the position of the binding is an intelligent control unit 150.
  • Control unit 150 is an advanced version of the adaptive control unit illustrated in Figure 6.
  • the unit includes a proportional-differential-integral (PID) microprocessor 152 on a microchip as the signal processor.
  • PID proportional-differential-integral
  • a fuzzy logic control algorithm is programmed into the microprocessor 152, to grade the vibration being monitored by sensors 140 and control a graded response from the controls 110,120. This ensures the system operates within bandwidths of vibration and does not become unstable.
  • control panel 152 which allows a user to input values representative of environmental characteristics into the microprocessor 152. For instance these may be the skiers weight, style, ability and snow condition.
  • the control panel 152 may also include a main switch to enable and disable the unit 150. It will be understood that the control panel 152 may be remote from the unit 150. A cable to a switch located with the skier may, for example, be used.
  • the control panel may be a mobile telephone or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) , providing the user with a wireless connection to the unit 150.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • Figure 6 also shows a power supply 42 used to drive the stiffness and damping vibration control systems.
  • a similar power supply will be incorporated in the intelligent control unit 150 also.
  • this supply 40 would be the coils.
  • electromagnets could be used.
  • the power supply 42 could also be replaced by a system such as piezoelectrics which are powered from the movement of the skis.
  • Figure 8 illustrates such a power generation system. Referring initially to Figure 8 (a) , mounted on a ski 160, at a point between the binding toe and heel piece, is a layered piezo-ceramic (PZT) 162. The layers 164,166,168 are parallel to an upper surface 170 of the ski 160 as illustrated in Figure 8 (b) .
  • PZT piezo-ceramic
  • the raised section 172 provides a small contact area with the PZT 162 compared to a large contact area on the ski 160.
  • a skiers weight is concentrated on the ski at the point shown by arrow G. This is directly on the PZT 162 and provides a point loading to increase strain through the layers of the PZT 162 to increase the output from the PZT 162 as the power supply 40. Thus the power is generated by the skiers movement on the ski.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a ski chassis, generally indicated by reference numeral 180, which includes an adaptive vibration control system according to the present invention.
  • the chassis 180 can be mounted on a ski 182 at the binding 184. Indeed the binding 184 may be mounted upon the chassis 180 via a binding mount provided as part of the chassis 180.
  • the chassis comprises flex actuators 186,188 located at either side of the binding mount 184, semi-active dampers 190,192 at modal points towards the ends of the chassis, a power supply mounted centrally with the control unit.
  • this raised superstructure moves the rheological fluid away from the ski's neutral axis and thus mechanically amplifies any change occurring in the control elements.
  • a further advantage to using a chassis is that it raises the binding off the ski and increases the swing weight or torque to put the ski onto its edge. This is regulated in competition and also has health implications in terms of knee damage. In using a chassis this can be designed to conform with regulations.
  • a yet further advantage of incorporating a vibration control system on a chassis is that a single chassis can be interchanged between skis of varying geometry as required.
  • the principal advantage of the present invention is that it provides a vibration control system which, when incorporated into a ski, allows control of vibration and improves handling and skier performance by adapting physical properties of the ski.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that it allows a single ski to be used for a variety of environmental conditions by varying the stiffness of the ski.
  • a yet further advantage of the present invention is that it provides a simple pump for semi-active damping control through use of a fluid filled flexed hose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes d'élimination des vibrations permettant une variation de rigidité et d'amortissement dans une structure. Les systèmes sont basés sur l'emploi d'un fluide rhéologique, avec des exemples fournis d'actionneurs de flexion à fluide magnéto-rhéologique et des systèmes d'amortissement semi-actifs. Un système d'élimination des vibrations adaptatif est également décrit, lequel comporte des capteurs, un processeur de signal et une alimentation avec les actionneurs de flexion à fluide et des systèmes d'amortissement semi-actifs. Des modes de réalisation sont décrits pour une utilisation dans et avec des skis.
EP02788081A 2001-12-11 2002-12-10 Ameliorations relatives a des skis Withdrawn EP1463567A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0129588 2001-12-11
GBGB0129588.0A GB0129588D0 (en) 2001-12-11 2001-12-11 Improvements in or relating to skis
PCT/GB2002/005551 WO2003049821A2 (fr) 2001-12-11 2002-12-10 Ameliorations relatives a des skis

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1463567A2 true EP1463567A2 (fr) 2004-10-06

Family

ID=9927384

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02788081A Withdrawn EP1463567A2 (fr) 2001-12-11 2002-12-10 Ameliorations relatives a des skis

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20050151350A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1463567A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002352361A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0129588D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003049821A2 (fr)

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US20050151350A1 (en) 2005-07-14
AU2002352361A1 (en) 2003-06-23
WO2003049821A2 (fr) 2003-06-19
WO2003049821A3 (fr) 2004-03-25
GB0129588D0 (en) 2002-01-30
AU2002352361A8 (en) 2003-06-23

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